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7/31/2019 GL Morphology01
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Morphology:The analysis of word structure
Deny A. Kwary
www.kwary.net
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Main Divisions of Word Classes(Parts of Speech):
Content Words
Function Words
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs
Conjunctions
Prepositions Articles Pronouns
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Exercise: Determine the word class ofeach of the following words
a. betterment
b. the
c. him
d. elegant
e. inconvenience
f. eloquently
g. comply
h. inasmuch as
i. over
a. Noun
b. Article
c. Pronoun
d. Adjective
e. Noun
f. Adverb
g. Verb
h. Conjunction
i. Preposition
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Word and Morpheme
Word: the smallest free form
Morpheme: the smallest meaningful
unit Word simple and complex
E.g. huntand hunter
Morpheme free and bound E.g. huntand -er
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Question #1, p.173
a. Fly Simple, no bm, fly
b. Desks Complex, -s, desk
c. Untie Complex, un-, tie
d. Tree Simple, no bm, tree
e. Dislike Complex, dis-, like
f. Reuse Complex, re-, use
g. Triumphed Complex, -ed, triumphh. Delight Simple, no bm, delight
i. Justly Complex, -ly, just
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Derivation vs. Inflection (1)
It changes thecategory and/or the
type of meaning ofthe word, so it issaid to create a newword.
e.g. suffix mentingovernment
It does not changeeither the
grammaticalcategory or the typeof meaning found inthe word.
e.g. suffixs inbooks
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Derivation vs. Inflection (2)
A derivational affix must combine with the basebefore an inflectional affix.
e.g. neighbour (base) + hood (DA) + s (IA)
= neighbourhoods
The following combination is unacceptable:
neighbour (base) + s (IA) + hood (DA)
= *neighbourshood
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Derivation vs. Inflection (3)
An inflectional affix in more productive than aderivational affix.
e.g. the inflectional suffix s can combine withvirtually any noun to form a plural noun.
On the other hand,
the derivational suffix antcan combine only
with Latinate bases.
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English Inflectional Morphemes
Nouns
s plural
s possessive
Verbss third person singular present
ed past tense
en past participle
ing progressive
Adjectiveser comparative
est superlative
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Inflections in other languages
Case: in Turkish and Latin (p. 166)
Tense: in Chibemba (p. 170)
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Some examples of English DerivationalMorpheme
-ic : Noun Adj ; alcohol alcoholic
-ly : Adj Adv ; exact exactly
-ate : Noun Verb ; vaccin vaccinate -ity : Adj Noun ; active activity
-ship : Noun Noun ; friend friendship
re- : Verb Verb ; cover recover
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Describe the italic affixes:
1) impossible
2) terrorized
3) terrorize
4) desks
5) dislike
6) humanity
7) fastest
1) Derivational prefix
2) Inflectional suffix
3) Derivational suffix4) Inflectional suffix
5) Derivational prefix
6) Derivational suffix
7) Inflectional suffix
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Describe the italic affixes:
8) premature9) untie
10) darken11) fallen
12) oxen
13) faster
14) lecturer
8) Derivational prefix
9) Derivational prefix
10) Derivational suffix11) Inflectional suffix
12) Inflectional suffix
13) Inflectional suffix
14) Derivational suffix
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Page 179
Number 18
Number 19
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Affixation
Prefix: An affix that is attached to the front of abase, e.g. re-play.
Suffix: An affix that is attached to the end of a
base, e.g. kind-ness. Infix: An affix that occur within a base, e.g. (in
Indonesian) s-in-ambung.
Confix (Circumfix/Ambifix): An affix that isattached to the front and to the end of a base
simultaneously, e.g. (in Indonesian) ke-lapar-an.
Interfix, simulfix, superfix, and transfix.
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Examples of English Affixes
See pages 145
146.
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Homework (Group Assignment):The answers to be presented by each group next week(prepare a PPT file).
1.Define and give examples of the six types of affixes:infix, confix, interfix, simulfix, superfix, dan transfix.Examples can be derived from English, Indonesian,
or Arabic.2. List English Prefixes which are NOT mentioned on
page 146. Determine the word class and give twoexamples for each prefix.
3. List English Suffixes which are NOT mentioned on
pp. 145-146. Determine the word class and give twoexamples for each suffix.
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Affixation
To be continued next week
Deny A. Kwarywww.kwary.net