g]kfn ;/sf/ - CCWBccwb.gov.np/uploads/Resource/CCWB Publication/report/state report 2073 .pdfxiix • g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo afnclwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw, !(*( nfO{ ;g\ !(() sf] ;]K6]Da

$Page 1: g]kfn ;/sf/ - CCWBccwb.gov.np/uploads/Resource/CCWB Publication/report/state report 2073 .pdfxiix • g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo afnclwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw, !(*( nfO{ ;g\ !(() sf] ;]K6]Da$
132 g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

i g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

g]kfn ;/sf/

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltxl/x/ejg, nlntk'/

ii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

iii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

iv g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#iv

v g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# v

vi g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#vi

vii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

k|fSsyg

afnaflnsfsf] ljifodf Ps ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfosf] ¿kdf afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* cGtu{t ul7t s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt ljBdfg P]gsfg"g tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*( n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|a4{gsf lglDt ;+j]bgzLn eO lg/Gt/ ¿kdf lqmoflzn /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf;, ;xeflutfnufot ;du| clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ¿kdf /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf th'{df, afnaflnsfsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg, afnclwsf/sf] jsfnt, k|rf/k|;f/ / hgr]tgf clej[l4nufotsf sfo{x¿ ljleGg lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df o; ;ldltn] ul//x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL afnaflnsfsf] cj:yfaf/]sf ljljw kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ tYofÍ, ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx¿ s]Gb| tyf lhNnf:t/af6 ;Íng u/L lgoldt ¿kdf @)^# ;fnb]lv o; ;ldltn] g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf o; jif{sf] …g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#Ú k|sflzt ug{ kfPsf]df v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bgdf d"ntM @)&@ ;fpg ! ut]b]lv )&# c;f/ #) ut];Ddsf] cjlwdf g]kfnsf] afnarfj6, afn;+/If0f, afnljsf; / afn;xeflutf;DaGwL pknAw eP;Ddsf tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf ;Íng ul/Psf 5g\ . sltko g]kfnL cfly{s jif{df cfwfl/t 5g\ eg] sltko O:jL ;g\df cfwfl/t 5g\ . t;y{ ;|f]tsf ;Gbe{x¿nfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} k|:t't ug]{ hdsf{] ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . laut jif{x¿df o:tf] k|ltj]bg /fli6«o afn lbj;sf cj;/df ebf} @( ut] k|sflzt ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{sf] ;dflKtnuQ} k|sflzt ubf{ lhNnf tyf s]Gb|Lo:t/df ;d]t sltko tYofÍx¿ g]kfnL cfly{s jif{ cg';f/ z'4Ls/0f eO{ g;Sg] ;d:of /x]sfn] o; jif{ of] k|ltj]bg cGt/f{li6«o afnclwsf/ lbj;sf lbg k|sflzt ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf] .

o; k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ qmddf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt tYofÍ, ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx¿sf cltl/Qm cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# e/L k|sflzt ljleGg k|ltj]bgx¿, b}lgs / ;fKtflxs kq–klqsfdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/x¿sf ;fy} afnaflnsf;Fu

ix

viii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#x

k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf dGqfno, ljefu / s]xL ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu ul/Psf] 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿ ;Íng / ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . w]/} h;f] lgsfox¿df afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt v08Ls[t tYotYofÍsf] Joj:yfkg sdhf]/ /x]sf] cj:yf ePsfn] sltko tYo / hfgsf/Lx¿nfO{ cflwsfl/s ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] sltko cWofjlws x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ / vf]h] cg;f/ ;"rgf hfgsf/L pknAw x'g klg ;s]sf] 5}g .

of] k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf lglDt ;"rgf hfgsf/L k7fpg] dGqfno / ljefux¿, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltx¿, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿, lj1x¿sf ;fy} ;"rgf ;Íngb]lv ljZn]if0f, n]vg, ;Dkfbg nufotsf sfo{df ;lqmo ¿kdf ;+nUg x'g] / ;xof]u ug]{ s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf sd{rf/Lx¿ / k|ltj]bg n]vgdf lj1sf] ¿kdf ;+nUg x'g] 8f= s'Gbg cof{nsf] of]ubfg ;/fxgLo /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L k|ltj]bg k|sfzg nufot ;ldltsf sfo{qmdx¿df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿ o'lg;]km, ;]e b lrN8]«g / l6l8PrnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 5 .

;/sf/L tyf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿ nufot ;d'bfosf] lqmoflzntfn] afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ / ljsf;sf] ljifodf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ klg afnaflnsfsf] ;du| cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ w]/} kIfx¿ afFsL g} /x]sf 5g\ . x/]s txdf afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf cjwf/0ffTds :ki6tfsf ;fy cf–cfˆgf lhDd]jf/Ldf afn;Da]bglzntf a[l4 ug{ / afnaflnsfsf nflu >f]t ljlgof]hgnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg ;lsof] eg] k|To]s g]kfnL afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf rfF8} g} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsG5 . ctM ;a} ;/fsf/jfnfx¿nfO{ afnaflnsf;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmddf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{ o; l:ylt k|ltj]bgn] Ps;/f] tYout cfwf/x¿ k|bfg ug]{5 eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

tf/s lwtfn

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt

ix g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# xi

• g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo afnclwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw, !(*( nfO{ ;g\ !(() sf] ;]K6]Da/ !$ df cg'df]bg u/]kl5sf jif{x¿b]lv g]kfn ;/sf/ afnaflnsfsf] ljifodf cem a9L ;+a]bglzn x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . b]zsf] ;+ljwfg, sfg"g, gLlt, of]hgf, ;+:yfut Joj:yf / sfo{qmddf ;f]xLcg';f/ ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf] wf/f #( cGtu{t afnaflnsfsf] xs zLif{sdf !) j6f pkwf/fdf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; / ;+/If0fsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 .

• xfnsf jif{x¿df Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] dlxnf, afnaflnsf, h]i7gful/s / ;dfh sNof0f ;ldlt, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unufot ;+rf/ dfWodsf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljifodfly Wofgfsif{0f a9\b} cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• g]kfnsf] rf}wf}+ of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$–@)&%÷)&^_ sf] cfwf/–kqdf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L lzif{sleq pgLx¿sf]] xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ifd / of]Uo gful/s aGg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;f]r /x]sf] 5 .

• kl5nnf] tYofÍ cg';f/ kfFr jif{d'gLsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ #*, lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ ##, gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ @# / s"n k|hgg\ b/ @=# /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

• cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ sf] :jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ pd]/cg';f/ prfO gk'u]sf÷k'8\sf]kgf ePsf kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf #&=$ k|ltzt, pd]/cg';f/ tf}n gk'u]sf kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf #) k|ltzt / Vofp6]kgf -prfO cg';f/ tf}n gk'u]sf_ ePsf kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf !! k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

• /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|sf] @)!% l8;]Da/;Ddsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt !$ jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] btf{ ePsf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ ( /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] ! xhf/ @ ;o $ hgf afns -^) k|ltzt_ / * ;o % hgf aflnsf -$) k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ .

;f/;ª\If]k

x g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#xii

• g]kfn ax'If]qLo sN:6/ ;j]{If0f @)!$ sf cg';f/ % b]lv !& jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf #&=$ k|ltzt afnaflnsf afn>ddf /x]sf 5g\ .

• o; jif{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, sf7df08f} / nlntk'/sf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no sfdf08f}+, sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsf, dxfgu/Lo k|x/L sfof{no Pjd\ ;DalGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnufotsf lgsfox¿sf] ;dGjodf sf7df08f} pkTosfnfO{ ;8s afnaflnsfd'Qm agfpg] cleofg sfo{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;~rfng eO/x]sf]] 5 .

• sf7df08f} pkTosfdf xfn;Dd # ;o %# afns / %@ aflnsf u/L $ ;o % ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] ! ;o @! afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/df k'gM:yfkgf ul/;lsPsf] 5 . afFsL afnaflnsf ;fdfhLs/0f / kl/jf/df PsLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf /x]sf 5g\ .

• s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf]] kk'n];g df]gf]u|fkm, ;g\ @)!$, efu @ -;fdflhs hg;f+lVosL_ cg';f/ !) b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfdWo] @^=# k|ltztsf] ljjfx ePsf] b]lvG5 .

• k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ -@)&@÷)&#_ df ax'ljjfxsf $ ;o ^# j6f 36gfdWo] !* jif{d'gLsf aflnsf kfFrhgf -!=! k|ltzt_ ax'ljjfxaf6 kLl8t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 ! xhf/ () hgf kLl8t ePsfdf !* jif{d'gLsf ^ ;o *! hgf aflnsf -^@=% k|ltzt_ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;} u/L ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] k|of; ul/Psf] d'2fdf kLl8t $ ;o %@ hgfdWo] !* jif{d'gLsf @ ;o ^^ hgf -%*=* k|ltzt_ aflnsf kLl8t ePsf] b]lvG5 .

• dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts @)!^ cg';f/ @)&! k'if !& b]lv @)&@ k'if !^ ut] cyf{t ;g\ @)!% sf] cjlwdf s"n * ;o #* afnclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf Hofbltsf 36gfdf %% hgf afns tyf & ;o *# hgf aflnsf kLl8t ePsf] b]lvG5 .

• cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df x/fPsf s"n ! xhf/ % ;o @ afnaflnsfdWo] $ ;o * afnaflnsf km]nf kl/;s]sf 5g\ eg] ! xhf/ ! ;o $ hgf afnaflnsfsf] vf]hL sfo{ hf/L 5 .

• ljleGg ^ j6f ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df !! lhNnfdf ;~rflnt afn x]NknfOg !)(*

xi g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# xiii

af6 @)&# cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf afns ! xhf/ * ;o !( hgf / aflnsf ! xhf/ * ;o (@ u/L hDdf # xhf/ & ;o !! afnaflnsfsf] cfktsfnLg p4f/ u/L /fxt, dgf]ljdz{, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng, k'gP{sLs/0f tyf k'gM:yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .

• s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf !$ lhNnfsf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdfkm{t ;Íng u/]sf] $$ xhf/ ! ;o #! hgf e"sDk / cGo sf/0fn] hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfdWo] @! xhf/ ^ ;o *! afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkt\sfnLg z}lIfs tyf kfl/jfl/s cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

• s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] clen]v cg';f/ ljleGg @) lhNnfx¿df ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt !^ xhf/ ( ;o ̂ hgf afnaflnsfdWo] xfn;Dd # xhf/ % ;o %& afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ;]jf k|jfx ul/;s]sf] 5 . zxLb k|lti7fg cGtu{tsf % j6f If]qLo cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf åGå k|efljt * ;o ** hgf afns / % ;o $& hgf aflnsf u/L ! xhf/ $ ;o #% hgf afnaflnsf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf cWoog/t /x]sf 5g\ .

• k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df dfgj a]rlavgsf @ ;o !@ j6f 36gfdWo] # ;o %@ hgf kLl8t /x]sf]df !* jif{d'gLsf ! ;o ( hgf aflnsf -#! k|ltzt_ a]rlavgdf k/]]sf lyP . h;dWo] !) jif{d'gLsf ! hgf aflnsf, !! b]lv !^ jif{ pd]/sf ^@ hgf aflnsf / !& b]lv !* jif{sf $^ hgf aflnsf /x]sf 5g\ .

• lzIffsf] If]qdf blnt / hghflt afnaflnsfsf] kx'Frsf] lx;fan] @)&@ ;fndf k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df hDdf ( nfv && xhf/ # ;o ^% afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf]df !&=( k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf -afns !&=@ k|ltzt / aflnsf !*=^ k|ltzt_ / #*=* k|ltzt hghflt afnaflnsf -afns #*=& k|ltzt / #(=) k|ltzt aflnsf_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

• z}lIfs ;q @)&@ Dff b]ze/ k|fyldstxdf hDdf $@ nfv ̂ $ xhf/ ( ;o $@ afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf]df blnt afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof * nfv $! xhf/ % ;o $^ /x]sf] 5 . of] ;+Vof b]ze/sf] k|fyldstxdf egf{ ePsf hDdf afnaflnsfsf] 19=7 k|ltzt xf] . lgDg dfWoldstxdf !$=$ k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf lyP eg] cfwf/e"ttxdf !*=! k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf lyP .

• sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefusf] clen]v cg';f/ hDdf #$ j6f sf/fuf/df s"n !! xhf/ % ;o (& s}bL aGbLdf cfl>t s"n (# afnaflnsf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

• e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df hDdf ^@ hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ g]kfnleq} wd{;Gtfgsf ¿kdf u|x0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] cfly{s jif{

xii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#xiv

@)&@÷)&# df b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfl:yt !# j6f dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] clen]vsf cfwf/df hDdf #) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{;Gtfgsf ¿kdf u|x0f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

• u[x dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt tYofÍg';f/ xfn g]kfndf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ SofDkdf / ;f] aflx/ /x]sf ;d]t u/L !& jif{;Ddsf afns # xhf/ ! ;o &% / aflnsf # xhf/ !& u/L hDdf ^ xhf/ ! ;o (@ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\ .

• s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefun] @)!$ df k|sfzg u/]sf] kk'n]zg df]gfu|fkm ef]n'd @ sf cg';f/ g]kfndf s'n hg;+Vofsf] )=(( k|ltzt -(@ xhf/ !@ hgf_ ) b]lv !$ jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfdf s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ckfËtf b]lvPsf] 5 .

• cfly{s jif{= @)&@÷)&# df pkTosfleq % xhf/ ^ ;o ^* ;8s b'3{6gf ePsf]df d[To' ePsf ! ;o ^^ hgf dWo] &=( k|ltzt afnaflnsf -cf7 afns / kfFr aflnsf_ /x]sf 5g\\ .

• t/fO{ dw];sf lhNnfx¿df @)&# c;f]h # ut] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePnuQ} k'if !% ut];Dd s/La ! ;o #% lbg cfGbf]ng / gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f hghLjg cfqmfGt x'g k'u]sf] lyof] . t/fO{ dw];sf s"n # xhf/ ^ ;o &^ ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ sl/a !# nfv %^ xhf/ * ;o %# ljBfyL{n] ;f] cjlwdf s"n *@ lbg ljBfnoaf6 jl~rt x'g' k/]sf] lyof] . t/fO{sf afnaflnsf ;f] cjlwdf cfwf/e"t vf]kaf6 ;d]t jl~rt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ul/Psf] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof $ nfv ^^ xhf/ &$ hgfdfq b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ;+Vof ut cfly{s jif{ % nfv & xhf/ & ;o !* hgf /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

• cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df k|fKt ! ;o #* j6f afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL d'2fx¿ dWo] ! ;o @ cyf{t &#=( k|ltzt d'2fx¿ km};nf eO;s]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfn] ug]{ laHofFO{x¿df ;aeGbf a9L ha/h:tL s/0fL;DaGwL d'2fsf] ;+Vof #& b]lvPsf] 5 . To;kl5 ;fwf/0f rf]/L;DaGwL afnlaHofFO{sf] ;+Vof @& b]lvG5 eg] nfu" cf}ifw;DaGwL d'2fsf] ;+Vof !^ b]lvG5 .

• afnlaHofO{df ;+nUg /x]sf $ hgf aflnsf / @ ;o #$ hgf afns u/L s"n @ ;o #* hgf afnaflnsf s|dzM eQmk'/, lj/f6gu/ / sf:sLdf ;~rflnt tLgj6f afn;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf 5g\ .

• cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df $$ lhNnfdf s"n % ;o &@ cfjf;Lo afnu[xx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . oL afnu[xx¿df hDdf !^ xhf/ * ;o *^ afnaflnsf -* xhf/ $ ;o #% afns / * xhf/ $ ;o %! aflnsf_ nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . sf7df08f} lhNnfdf

xiii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# xv

;jf{lws @ ;o afnu[x /x]sf 5g\ eg] !& lhNnfdf Pp6f–Pp6f dfq afnu[x ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ .

• s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df hDdf $ ;o !$ j6f afnu[xsf] :ynut cg'udg u¥of] . h;dWo] cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08 cg's"n g/x]sf ;d:ofu|:t !) afnu[xx¿af6 &^ hgf afns / ^) hgf aflnsf u/L ! ;o #^ afnaflnsfnfO{ p4f/ ul/of]] .

• @& lhNnfsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ afnaflnsf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf lxGb' wd{;“u ;DalGwt /x]sf dlGb/, wfd, u'?s"n, ljBflk7, cf>d / s]Gb|x¿sf] ;+Vof $$, af}4 wd{;“u ;DalGwt u'Daf / ljxf/x¿sf ;+Vof #!, O:nfd wd{;“u ;DalGwt db/;fx¿sf] ;+Vof ^!, / lqmlZrog wd{;“u ;DalGwt rr{x¿sf] ;+Vof !! u/L s"n !$& j6f wfld{s ;+:yfx¿df % xhf/ @ ;o #$ afns / ! xhf/ $ ;o %@ u/L ^ xhf/ ^ ;o *^ hgf afnaflnsf ljleGg @& lhNnfsf wfld{s ;+3;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afnljsf; s]Gb| #) xhf/ $ ;o $* j6f / ;+:yfut ljBfnodf cfwfl/t afnljsf; s]Gb| % xhf/ % ;o $# u/L hDdf #% xhf/ ( ;o (! j6f afnljsf; s]Gb|df ( nfv && xhf/ # ;o ^% afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;} u/L afn ljsf; s]Gb|af6 sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof % nfv ## xhf/ & ;o $$ -^@=$ k|ltzt_ k'u]sf] 5 .

• lzIff ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf] k|fylds ljBfnodf v"b egf{b/ @)&! ;fndf (^=@ k|ltzt lyof] eg] @)&@ ;fndf (^=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . lgDg dfWolds:t/df v"b egf{b/ &&=& k|ltzt, dfWolds -sIff ( / !)_ :t/df %*=^ k|ltzt / pRr dfWolds:t/df -sIff !! / !@_ df !^=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• @)&@ ;fndf b]ze/df k|fyldstxdf @! nfv ^% xhf/ # ;o *^ 5fqf / @) nfv (( xhf/ % ;o %^ 5fq u/L hDdf $@ nfv ^$ xhf/ ( ;o $@ ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] @)&! ;fndf @@ nfv ! xhf/ # ;o !# 5fqf / @! nfv #$ xhf/ $@ 5fq u/L hDdf $# nfv #% xhf/ # ;o %% ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf lyP . ut jif{ of] eGbf of] jif{ k|fyldstxdf ljBfyL{ egf{ sd b]lvPsf] 5 .

• lzIff P]g, @)@* -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg P]g, @)&#_ sf] bkmf !^ -3_ ! df lgMz'Ns lzIff 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ljBfno lzIffsf nflu ;fd'bflos ljBfnon] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] z'MNs lng gkfpg] Joj:yf u/sf] 5 eg] bkmf !^ 3 -!_ v df ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgz'MNs tyf dfWolds tx;Dd lgz'MNs lzIff k|bfg ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]

xiv g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#xvi

;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 eGg] k|fjwfg ul/Psf] 5 .

• lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ ag]sf] 5 . @! lhNnfdf lgz'Ns clgjfo{ lzIff sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

• @)&@ ;fnb]lv P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIffkmn u|]8sf cfwf/df k|sflzt ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . gofF Joj:yfcg';f/ s'g} klg ljBfyL{nfO{ cg'QL0f{ 3f]if0ff gul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&@ ;fnsf] P;Pn;L k/LIffdf hDdf $ nfv %^ xhf/ ! ;o #^ hgf ljBfyL{n] k/LIff kmf/fd e/] klg $ nfv #& xhf/ # ;o @^ hgf ljBfyL{ k/LIffdf ;fd]n ePsf lyP .

• b]ze/df sIff ! b]lv sIff !@ ;Dd k9fOx'g] ;Dk"[0f{ wfld{s ljBfnox¿sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ db/;fsf] ;+Vof & ;o #%, u'Dafsf] ;+Vof &^ / cf>dsf] ;+Vof ^* u/L ( ;o #) /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

• xfn;Dd krxQ/} lhNnfdf @@ xhf/ ^ ;o @* afnSnjx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . h;df @ nfv ^ xhf/ $( aflnsf / @ nfv #! xhf/ & ;o !) afns u/L hDdf $ nfv #$ xhf/ % ;o $( hgf afnaflnsf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

• ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonsf cg';f/ @)&# h]7sf] dWo;Dd @ ;o (* uf=lj=;=, && gu/kflnsf / $! lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cfjnDjg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L !@ uf=lj=;=, @) gu/kflnsf / !# lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] sfo{of]hgf ;d]t tof/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

xv g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# xvii

zLif{s k[i7 ;+Vof ;f/;ª\If]k

kl/R5]bM ! kl/ro 1!=! k[i7e"ld 1!=@ g]kfndf afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL Joj:yf 2 !=@=! g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ df afnaflnsf;DaGwL Joj:yf 2 !=@=@ afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf 6!=# Joj:yflksf ;+;b / afnaflnsf 8!=$ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / afnaflnsf 9!=% afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw / o;sf] P]lR5s ;lGwkq / g]kfnsf] k|ltj]bg 10!=^ afnaflnsf;DaGwL of]hgf, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd 13 !=^=! of]hgf tyf sfo{of]hgf 13 !=^=@ /fli6«o gLlt 15 !=^=# cly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL k|d'v sfo{qmdx¿ 15!=& s]xL dGqfnox¿sf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL ah]6 l:ylt 19!=* ljsf; nIox¿ / afnaflnsf 20 !=*=! ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo / afnaflnsf 20 !=*=@ bLuf] ljsf; nIo / afnaflnsf 20!=( cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sfzdf cfPsf afnlx+;f;DaGwL 36gf 21 s= afnaflnsf cf];f/k;f/ 22 v= afnof}g b'Jo{jxf/ / anfTsf/ 23 u= afnljjfx 23 3= ckx/0f tyf xTof 24 ª= zf/Ll/s ;hfo 24

ljifo ;"rL

xvi g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#xviii

kl/R5]b @ afnarfj6 26@=! kl/ro 26@=@ ue{ / hGdsf] cj:yf 26@=# afNosfndf x'g] /f]usf hf]lvd / vf]k 27@=$ lzz' tyf afn d[To'b/ / vf]k 27@=% kf]if0f 29@=^ PrcfO{eL÷P8\; k|efljt tyf ;+qmldt afnaflnsf 30

kl/R5]b # afn;+/If0f 33#=! kl/ro 33#=@ afn>d 33#=# ;8s afnaflnsf 36#=$ afnljjfx 38#=% afnclwsf/lj?4sf 36gf, kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, zf/Ll/s /

dgf]a}1flgs ;'wf/ Pjd\ kfl/jfl/s k'gM:yfkgf tyf k'gP{sLs/0f 42 #=%=! hLjgsf] clwsf/ 42 #=%=@ b'Jo{jxf/ nufotsf afnclwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gf 44#=^ x/fPsf÷km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsf / p4f/ tyf k'gM:yfkgf 46

#=^=! x/fPsf, km]nf k/]sf / j]jfl/; afnaflnsf 46 #=^=@ p4f/ tyf kfl/jfl/s k'gM:yfkgf 48#=& e"sDkaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf 51#=* ;z:q åGå k|efljt afnaflnsf 54#=( a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsf 56#=!) cNk;+Vos / cflbaf;L afnaflnsf 57#=!! cleefjs;Fu} sf/fuf/df /x]sf afnaflnsf 59#=!@ hGdbtf{ 60#=!# wd{;Gtfg 61 #=!#=! ljb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{;Gtfg 62 #=!#=@ :jb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{;Gtfg 62

xvii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&# xix

#=!$ z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf 63#=!% ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf 65#=!^ ;8s b'3{6gf / afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf 66#=!& dw]; cfGbf]ng / afnclwsf/sf] ;jfn 66#=!* ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / afnaflnsf 69#=!( afnGofo 71#=@) afn;'wf/ u[x 75#=@! afnaflnsfsf] :ofxf/ 76 #=@!=! afnu[x 77 #=@!=@ wfld{s ;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsf 79#=@@ uf]kgLotfsf] xssf] ;+/If0f 80

kl/R5]b $ afnljsf; 81$=! kl/ro 81$=@ k|f/lDes afnljsf; 81$=# ljBfno:t/sf] lzIff 83$=$ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff 87$=% P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] l:ylt 88$=^ ljBfnosf] ;+Vof 89$=& afnaflnsfsf] nflu dgf]/~hg, v]n / ;fF:s[lts lqmofsnfk 90

kl/R5]b % afn;xeflutf 92%=!= kl/ro 92%=@ afnaflnsfsf] larf/ / cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] l:ylt 92%=# afnSna 94%=$ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g÷afnd}qL ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt 95

xviii g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

kl/R5]b ^ lgisif{ 97tflnsf M

Tfflnsf ! M afnaflnsf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] rf/j6f dGqfnosf] kfFr cfly{s jif{df dGqfnout ¿kdf afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] ah]6 k|ltzt 19

tflnsf @ M afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt ;"rs, l:ylt / kl/nIo -;g\df_ 20

tflnsf # M vf]k kfpg] afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt -cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! / @)&!÷&@_ 28

tflnsf $ M ;8saf6 p4f/ ul/Psf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 38

tflnsf % M pd]/ ;d"xcg';f/ afnljjfxsf] l:ylt, @)^* -k|ltztdf_ 39

tflnsf ^ M aflnsflj?4 of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿ 44

tflnsf & M ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t aflnsf -If]qut tyf pd]/ ;d'xsf cfwf/df_ sf] ljj/0f 44

tflnsf * M ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] k|of;af6 kLl8t aflnsfsf] ljj/0f 45

tflnsf ( M ;g\ @)!% df afnclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf 36gfdf kLl8t ;+Vof 45

tflnsf !) M afnaflnsf x/fPsf, km]nf k/]sf / vf]htnf; hf/L /x]sf] cj:yf, @)&@÷&# 47

tflnsf !! M a]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 48

tflnsf !@ M afnx]NknfOg ;~rfngdf /x]sf lhNnfx¿ 49

Tfflnsf !# M afn x]NknfOGfdfkm{t cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df ul/Psf] ;xof]u 50

tflnsf !$ M e"sDk k|efljt / hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 52

tflnsf !% M @)&# ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Dd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;xof]u 53

tflnsf !^ M zxLb k|lti7fgcGtu{tsf cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 55

tflnsf !& M a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 57

tflnsf !* M k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf blnt tyf hghflt afnaflnsf 58

xx

xix g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

tflnsf !( M k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf cfwf/e"ttxdf blnt afnaflnsf 59

tflnsf @) M k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf cfwf/e"ttxdf hghflt afnaflnsf 59

tflnsf @! M e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljj/0f, @)!% l8;]Da/;Dd 64

Tfflnsf @@ M g]kfndf cfl>t z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f -e'6fg afx]s_ 65

Tfflnsf @# M pkTosfdf afnaflnsfsf] ;8s b'3{6gf;DaGwL ljj/0f 67

tflnsf @$ M afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL d'2fsf] k|s[lt, hDdf d'2f ;+Vof / km};nfsf] ljj/0f 72

tflnsf @% M k|ltjfbL afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof / lnËut ljj/0f 73

tflnsf @^ M afnlaHofFO{sf d'2fx¿df km};nf;DaGwL] ljj/0f 74

tflnsf @& M afn;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf afnaflnsf 75

tflnsf @* M afn ;'wf/ u[x k|j]z u/]sf / kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng u/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 76

tflnsf @( M k|f/lDes afn ljsf; s]Gb| 82

tflnsf #) M k|f/lDes afn ljsf;sf] cg'ej;lxt sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 83

Tfflnsf #! M z}lIfstxsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof, @)&@ 84

tflnsf #@ M txut ljBfyL{ egf{b/ -s"n / v"b egf{b/ tyf n}lËs ;dfgtf ;"rs_ ljj/0f 85

tflnsf ## M ljleGg k|sf/sf ljBfnox¿sf] If]qut ;+Vof 89

tflnsf #$ M wfld{s ljBfnox¿sf] ;+Vof 90

u|fkm M

u|fkm ! M cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt afnlx+;fsf] 36gf, @)&@÷&# -k|ltztdf_ 22

u|fkm @ M ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pj+ k'gMPsLs/0f kl/of]hgfdfkm{t neflGjt afnaflnsf 56

u|fkm # M :jb]zleq u|x0f ul/Psf] wd{ ;Gtfgsf] ;+Vof, cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# 63

u|fkm $ M sIffut ljBfyL{ egf{ ;+Vof 86

u|fkm % M @)&@ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] glthf 88

xx g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&#

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿{ 100

cg';"rL{ 102

cg';"lr ! M afn ;Dj]bgzLn kqsfl/tf lgb]]{lzsf, @)&@ 102

cg';"lr @ s M e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnfdf afa'cfdf b'j} gePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 105

cg';"lr @ v M e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnfdf cfdfdfq gePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 105

cg';"lr @ u M e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnfdf afa'dfq gePsf hDdf afnaflnsf 106

cg';"lr @ 3 M e"sDkaf6 d[To' ePsf afnaflnsfsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f 106

cg';"lr # M ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf ;]jfx¿ 107

cg';"lr $ M @)&# ;fn c;f/d;fGt ;Ddsf] s}bLjGbL / pgLx¿sf cfl>t afnaflnsf 108

cg';"lr % M lhNnfut¿kdf ePsf] hGdbtf{sf] ljj/0f 109

cg';"lr ^ M lhNnf cg';f/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|bfg ul/Psf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof, @)&@÷)&# 110

cg';"lr & M afnu[xx¿sf] ;+Vof 115

cg';"lr * M wfld{s ;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsf 117

cg';"lr ( M k|f/lDes afn ljsf;sf] cg'ej;lxt sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 118

cg';"lr !) M sIffut ljBfyL{ egf{b/ -5fq / 5fqf_ ljj/0f 119

cg';"lr !! s M @)&@ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] glthf l:ylt 120

cg';"lr !! v M P;=Pn=;L= @)&@, PShfD6]8 120

cg';"lr !@ M lhNnfcg';f/sf] afnSnjsf] ;+Vof 121

cg';"lr !#= M g]kfndf @)^# kl5 /fli6«o afnlbj;df tof/ kfl/Psf gf/fx¿ 124


kl/ro

!=! k[i7e"ld

g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] c9fO{ bzs k"/f eO;s]sf] 5 . o;aLr ;+ljwfg, sfg"g, gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ;+:yfut Joj:yfdf afnaflnsfsf] jrfj6, ;+/If0f, ljsf; / ;xeflutf;DaGwL /0fgLltcGtu{t pNn]vgLo k|of; ePsf 5g\ . @)&@ c;f]h # ut] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 hf/L ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; / ;+/If0fnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf c+uLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgn] afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ @ s/f]8 ^% nfv s"n hg;+Vof /x]sf] g]kfndf #(=* k|ltzt !^ jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf 5g\ eg] !* jif{d'gLsf $$=$ k|ltzt 5g\ . To;}u/L !) b]lv !( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L @$=@ k|ltzt 5g\ . k|fylds:t/df v'b egf{b/ (^=^, lgDg dfWolds:t/df &&=& k|ltzt, dfWolds:t/ -sIff ( / !)_ df %*=^ k|ltzt / pRr dfWolds:t/ -sIff !! / !@_ df !^=$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] kfOG5 . kfFr jif{d'gLsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ #*, lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ ##, gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ @# / s"n k|hgg\ b/ @=# /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*( n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf afnaflnsfsf] arfp, ;+/If0f, ljsf; / ;xeflutfsf clwsf/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k"0f{ ;Ddfg bzf{Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;faf6 d'Qm /fvL cfwf/e"t afnclwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Psf]

!kl/R5]b


5 . g]kfndf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, ;Daw{gsf If]qdf ePsf k|ultn] afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] O+lÍt u/]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf; / clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu gLltut / sfg"gL Joj:yfdf ;'wf/sf ;fy} sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf yk k|fyldstf lbg cfjZos b]lvG5 .

!=@ g]kfndf afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL Joj:yf

!=@=! g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ df afnaflnsf;DaGwL Joj:yf

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ n] cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf s]xL /fhgLlts clwsf/afx]s cGo ;a} clwsf/ afnaflnsfsf xsdf klg nfu" x'G5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;d} klxnf]kN6 cl3Nnf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xscGtu{t /flvPsf] afnaflnsfsf] xs clwsf/nfO{ o; ;+ljwfgn] cem yk Jojl:yt u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( cGtu{t afnaflnsfsf] xs zLif{sdf !) j6f pkwf/fdf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f, ;xeflutf nufotsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTjcGtu{t a'Fbf -~f_ sf] ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLltcGtu{tsf] pka'Fbf -%_ df afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ k|fylds ¿kdf Wofg lbg] eGg] Joj:yf pNn]v ePsf] 5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf afnclwsf/sf d"ne"tM l;4fGtx¿;lxt afnclwsf/sf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx¿nfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf c+uLsf/ ul/Psf]n] afnclwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 of] ;+ljwfg cToGt} k|ultzLn b]lvG5 . wf/f !! sf] g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{, wf/f !^ sf] ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs, wf/f !* sf] ;dfgtfsf] xs, wf/f @( sf] zf]if0flj?4sf] xs, wf/f #) sf] :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs, wf/f #! sf] lzIff;DaGwL xs, wf/f #% sf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL xs, wf/f $# sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xsh:tf k|fjwfgx¿ afnaflnsfsf] nflu klg ;dfg¿kdf nfu" x'G5g\ . h;sf s]xL k|d'v k|fjwfgx¿ tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

wf/f #(M afnaflnsfsf] xs

!= k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt gfdfs/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 .

@= k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/, v]ns"b, dgf]/~hg tyf ;jf{ªËL0f JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .


#= k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f/lDes afn ljsf; tyf afn ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .

$= s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg]5}g .

%= s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afnljjfx, u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg] 5}g .

^= s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

&= s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg]5}g .

*= k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"n Gofosf] xs x'g]5 .

(= c;xfo, cgfy, ckfËtf ePsf, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pjd\ hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

!)= pkwf/f -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ ljk/Ltsf sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

df}lns xs / st{Jo cGtu{tsf] wf/f #( sf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfsf cltl/St cGo !! j6f wf/fx¿ k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; / ;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . ;+ljwfgsf] efu–@ df gful/stf zLif{scGtu{t wf/f !!-$_ df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{ pkzLif{sdf elgPsf] 5 M g]kfnleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj / dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg gePsf] k|To]s gfafns lghsf] afa' jf cfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5 . To;}u/L efu–# df df}lns xs / st{Jo cGtu{t wf/f !^ df ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs cGtu{t b'O{ j6f pkwf/f 5g\ . klxnf]df elgPsf] 5, k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 . wf/f !^ -@_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M s;}nfO{ klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .

wf/f !* df ;dfgtfsf] xscGtu{t /x]sf b]xfosf pkwf/fx¿ klg afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ M

!= ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .


@= ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln+u, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

#= /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln+u, cfly{s cj:yf, efiff, If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .

t/ ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf¿, d'l:nd, pTkLl8t ju{, lk58f ju{, cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, ls;fg, >lds, o'jf, afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s, n}lËs tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, uef{j:yfsf JolQm, czQm jf c;xfo, lk5l8Psf] If]q / cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg v; cfo{ nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . :ki6Ls/0fM o; efu / efu $ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æcfly{s ¿kn] ljkGgÆ eGgfn] ;+3Lo sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] cfoeGbf sd cfo ePsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .

$= ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}lËs cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

%= k}t[s ;DklQdf n}lËs e]befj ljgf ;a} ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .

wf/f @( df Joj:yf ul/Psf] zf]if0f lj?4sf] xscGtu{t b]xfosf pkwf/fx¿n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d]6\b5 M

!= k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .

@= wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

#= s;}nfO{ klg a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .

$= s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .

%= pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

wf/f #)-!_ df Joj:yf ul/Psf] :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs cGtu{t elgPsf] 5M k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 / :j:y jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 . of] wf/fnfO{ klg afnaflnsf;Fu ;d]t ;DalGwt /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .


wf/f #! df lzIff ;DaGwL xscGtu{t b]xfojdf]lhdsf pkwf/fx¿ afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ M

!= k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .

@= k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns tyf dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

#= ckfËtf ePsf / cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

$= b[li6ljxLg gful/snfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO;DaGwL ckfËtf ePsf gful/snfO{ ;f+s]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

%= g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] / To;sf nflu ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug{] xs x'g]5 .

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #$ -!_ df >dsf] xscGtu{t k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

To;}u/L wf/f #% df :jf:Yo;DaGwL xs cGtu{t b]xfojdf]lhdsf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M

!= k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{] xs x'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .

@= k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

#= k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .

$= k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .

wf/f #*= dlxnfsf] xs M-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .

wf/f $# df ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs zLif{sdf elgPsf] 5 M cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo Psn dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfk\mgf] x]/rfx cfkm}+ ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .

;+ljwfgsf] efu–$ df /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj cGtu{t wf/f %! df /fHosf gLltx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . tLdWo] b]xfosf gLltx¿ afnaflnsf;Fu;d]t ;DalGwt b]lvG5g\ M


-v_ /fhgLlts tyf zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt M

-@_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ub}{ ljlwsf] zf;g sfod /fVg] .

-#_ g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

-em_ >d / /f]huf/;DaGwL gLlt M

-#_ afn>dnufot >dzf]if0fsf ;a} ¿ksf] cGTo ug]{ .

-`_ ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DaGwL gLlt M

-$_ afnaRrfsf] kfng kf]if0f, kl/jf/sf] x]/rfxh:tf sfd / of]ubfgnfO{ cfly{s ¿kdf d"NofÍg ug]{ .

-%_ afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ k|fylds ¿kdf Wofg lbg] .

To;}u/L Wff/f %! -!$_ df ul/Psf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;DaGwL Joj:yf klg afnaflnsf;Fu ;d]t ;DalGwt b]lvG5 . h;df ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] nufgL / e"ldsfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL / kf/bzL{ agfpFb} To:tf ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf, :jLs[lt, ;~rfng, lgodg / Joj:yfkgsf nflu Psåf/ k|0ffnL ckgfpg] / /fli6«o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf dfq To:tf ;+3 ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

!=@=@ afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf

g]kfndf afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*, afn>d lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ P]g @)%! h:tf s]xL ljz]if P]gx¿ /x]sf 5g\ eg] d'n'sL P]g nufotsf ljleGg P]gx¿df afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljljw Joj:yfx¿ ePsf] b]lvG5 . d'n'sL P]gnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ agfOPsf] b]jfgL ;+lxtf, kmf}Hbf/L ;+lxtf nufotsf ljw]osx¿ ;+;bdf 5nkmnsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g\ . hxfF afnaflnsf;DaGwL cxd\ dxTj /fVg] ljifox¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgs} dd{cg';f/ afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* nfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug]{ gofF afnaflnsf;DaGwL gofF P]gsf] d:of}bfsf ;DaGwdf of] jif{ ;DalGwt lgsfo / JolStx¿aLr lgs} ljd{z eof] . k|:tfljt afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gdf gfd, /fli6«otf / klxrfgsf] clwsf/nfO{ klxn]sf] t'ngfdf Jofks ¿kdf k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 . P]gn] k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ hGdgf;fy k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yf k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .

k|:tfljt afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gdf plrt x]/rfx, ;+/If0f / kfngkf]if0fsf] clwsf/cGtu{t k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf afa' cfdf, kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:o jf ;+/Ifs, lzIfs tyf cGo


JolQmaf6 x'g] x/]s lsl;dsf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s b08 ;hfo, lx+;f / oftgf, x]nf, cdfgjLo Jojxf/, of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ / ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0flj¿4 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} 3/, ljBfno jf cGo s'g} klg 7fpFdf afnaflnsfnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s b08 ;hfo lbg tyf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ug{ x'Fb}g eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

afnaflnsf;DaGwL gofF P]gdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw;Fu d]n vfg] u/L afnaflnsfsf] kl/efiff ul/g] ePsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ !* pd]/ gk'u];Ddsf ;a}nfO{ afnaflnsfsf] dflgg]5 . o;}u/L k|f/lDes afnljsf;nufotsf clwsf/ ;a} If]qdf ;+:yfut ¿kdf afn;+/If0f gLlt to ul/g'kg]{, a}slNks x]/rfx;DaGwL Joj:yfnufot afnGofo;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ cem :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt P]gsf k|fjwfgx¿sf ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr Jofks 5nkmn jif{e/L g} hf/L /Xof] .

afnaflnsf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] k|fjwfgx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf g]kfnsf $) j6feGbf a9L P]g–lgodx¿sf ;DaGwdf ;dLIff klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]g @)%^, nfO{ klg kl/dfh{g ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm cfdfsf] b"wnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug]{ j:t' -laqmL ljt/0f lgoGq0f_ P]g @)$(, afnGofo -sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL @)^#, cfkt\sfnLg afnp¢f/ sf]if -;~rfng_ lgodfjnL @)^&, cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q tyf wd{k'qL Joj:yfkg ljsf; ;ldlt -u7g_ cfb]z, @)^& h:tf P]g jf lgodx¿ afnaflnsfsf] xs / lxtsf ljifodf k|ToIf ¿kdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ . g]kfnL afnaflnsf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{k'q, wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{ lbg] zt{ tyf k|lqmof, @)^%, hGd, d[To' / cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ P]g @)##, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw @)^*, cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^( klg afnaflnsfsf] xs / lxtsf] ljifo;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf ;DalGwt 5g\ .

To;}u/L sfg"gL ;xfotf P]g @)%$, sf/fuf/ P]g @)!(, rGbf P]g @)#), rnlrq lgdf{0f, k|bz{g / ljt/0f P]g @)@^, lr7\7f P]g @)@%, 5fkfvfgf / k|sfzg ;DaGwL P]g @)$*, hLjgf;s ljiffbL P]g @)$* tyf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ P]g @)#( df klg afnafln;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] s]xL k|fjwfgx¿ 5g\ . lgdf{0f Joj;fo P]g @)%%, lgjf{rg ck/fw / ;hfo P]g @)$&, dlb/f P]g @)#!, dfgj z/L/sf] cË k|Tof/f]k0f lgoldt / lgif]w P]g @)%%, nfu' cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g @)##, ckfË ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g @)#( / o;sf] lgodfjnL, ;+:yf btf{ P]g @)#$, lzIff P]g @)@*, dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f P]g @)^# / o;sf] lgodfjnL @)^$ tyf lrof aufg;DaGwL ->d_ lgodfjnL @)%) df klg afnaflnsf;DaGwL k|fjwfg ;dflji6 5g\ .


!=# Joj:yflksf ;+;b / afnaflnsf

Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf /x]sf !@ j6f ljifout ;ldltx¿dWo] dlxnf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s / ;dfh sNof0f ;ldltsf] If]qflwsf/ leq afnaflnsfsf ljifo klg kb{5 . ;ldltn] @)&@ ;fpg ! ut]b]lv @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;d'lrt l6Kk0fL, l;kmfl/; / lgb]{Zfg ;lxtsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf $) j6f a}7sx¿sf cltl/St ;ldlt cGtu{t ul7t ljleGg pk;ldltsf cg]sf}+ cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s a}7sx¿df pQm k|ltj]bgdf 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . a}7sx¿df afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'df klg 5nkmn eP . Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] lgoldt ljBfog;DaGwL sfo{ cGtu{t ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;bgdf k|:t't eO{ ;bgaf6 lg0f{o eP cg';f/ xfn;Dd % j6f ljw]osx¿ kfl/t eO;s]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] vf]k ljw]os @)&!, lzIff P]g -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljw]os @)&@ / dfgj z/L/sf] c+u k|Tof/f]k0f -lgoldt tyf lgif]w_ -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ ljw]os @)&@ u/L afnaflnsf;+u k|ToIf¿kdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] tLg ljw]osx¿ kfl/t ePsf 5g\ . ;ldltn] o;cjlwdf cfˆgf] sfo{If]qcGtu{t afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf ljleGg dGqfno / ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zgx¿ lbPsf] 5 .

;ldltn] e"sDk kLl8t If]qsf ckfËtf ePsf, c;xfo afnaflnsf / ;'Ts]/L dlxnfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd u/]sf sfd sf/jflxsf] hfgsf/L oyf;So rfF8f] lnlvt ¿kdf ;ldltdf k7fpg @)&@ df3 ( ut] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbof] . ;ldltn] @)&# c;f/ * ut] s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf /fd b'nf/L /fgfsf] h3Go xTofaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/ / kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ clwsf/sdL{x¿nfO{ ;d]t zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{ d[tssf] gfjfns 5f]/fsf] kfngkf]if0fsf] nflu tTsfn oyf]lrt k|jGw ldnfpg u[x dGqfno / dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbof] .

;ldltn] oxL cjlwdf kf7\ok':tssf] cefjsf] ljifonfO{ klg ;Daf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . @)&@ d+l;/ !* ut] ;ldltn] @)&# z}lIfs ;q k|f/De x'g' cufj} kf7\ok':ts afnaflnsfsf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t 5kfO{ tyf ljt/0fdf d'n'se/ ;+nUg u/fpg] Joj:yf ug{ lzIff dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbof] .

;ldltn] Ps z}lIfs jif{sf] kf7\ok':ts 5kfO{ tyf ljt/0fsf] ;DaGwdf hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|, ;femf k|sfzg tyf lghL If]qsf] sfo{ Ifdtf tyf k|efjsfl/tfsf] ;3g tyf 3lge"t cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/L ;f]sf] cfwf/df kf7\ok':ts 5kfO{ tyf ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ lgb]{zg klg lbof] . ;ldltn] ljBfnotxdf k|To]s ljBfyL{sf] xftdf gofF kf7\ok':ts k/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;DalGwt


lhNnf lzIff sfof{nonfO{ ljqmL ljt/0fsf] tYofÍ /fVg'sf] ;fy} s8fO{sf ;fy cg'udg ug]{ u/L lhDd]jf/ agfpg ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ lgb]{zg lbof] . oxL ;Gbe{df ;ldltn] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb / ;femf k|sfzgsf] k"jf{wf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[4Lsf] ;fy} s]Gb|sf] sdL sdhf]/L klxrfg ub}{ ;f] sf] cfwf/df gLltut :jfoQtf k|bfg u/L lghL If]q;+u :jR5 k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ u/L cfTdlge{/ agfpg] ;f]r cl3 ;f¥of] . ;ldltn] Ps z}lIfs jif{;Ddsf] kf7\ok':ts 5kfO{ tyf ljt/0f;DaGwL sfo{sf] ;+;bLo cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ub}{ cfufdL z}lIfs jif{df plrt lg0f{o ul/g] hgfof] .

@)&@ df3 $ ut] ;ldltn] e"sDk / gfsfaGbLkZrft hgtfsf] hLjg si6s/ eO/x]sf] kl/l:yltdf cTofjZos cf}ifwL ;d]tsf] cefj eO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efljt ePsf] cj:yf cljnDa cGTo u/L cf}ifwL cfk"lt{ tyf pknAwtf ;xh kfg{ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] . ;ldltn] afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;d;fdlos ljifodf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf pRr tx;Fu 5nkmn ub}{ ;d:of ;Daf]wgsf lglDt emSemsfpg] sfo{ klg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

!=$ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / afnaflnsf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u b]zdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cg'udg ug]{ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5 . o;sf] If]qflwsf/leq afnaflnsfsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] cg'udg klg kb{5 . To;}u/L /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u / /fli6«o blnt cfof]u klg afnaflnsf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g\ .

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df klg a]nfa]nf afnclwsf/sf ljifodf cfˆgf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfof] . @)&@ ;fpg !# ut] cfof]un] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfly ;j{;fwf/0fsf] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ qmddf k|bz{gsf/L / k|x/LaLr hgsk'/df ePsf] em8kdf !$ jifL{o lbg]zs'df/ ;fxdfly k|x/Ln] cf}lrTolxg 9+un] an k|of]u u/]sf]df Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfof] . cfof]un] ;fpg #) ut]sf lbg s0ff{nL :jfoQ k|b]zsf] dfu /fVb} h'Dnfdf slnnf afnaflnsfnfO{ cw{gUg cj:yfdf ;8sdf ptf/]/ aGb, x8\tfndf ;xefuL agfpg' afnclwsf/ ljkl/t sfo{ xf] eGg] hgfpFb} ef]lnkN6 Ps lj1lKt hf/L u¥of] . ebf} * ut] cfof]un] s}nfnLdf b'O{ jifL{o afnssf] Hofg uPsf]df cfˆgf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfof] . ebf} @& ut] cfof]un] lj1lKtdfkm{t ljBfno ;'rf? ug{ tyf aGbdf afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u gug{ cfu|x u¥of] . o;qmddf cfof]un] /fhwfgLdf ljBfno ;~rfnsx¿;Fu k/fdz{ klg u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]un] ebf} #! ut] Ps lj1lKt k|sflzt ub}{ b'O{ lbgcl3 ¿kGb]xLsf] a]y/Ldf k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nL nfuL rf/ jifL{o rGbgs'df/ k6]n / !# jifL{of /~hgf If]qLsf] Hofg uPsf]df cfˆgf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] hgfof] .


!=% afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw / o;sf] P]lR5s ;lGwkq / g]kfnsf] k|ltj]bg

g]kfnn] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngnuQ}, @)$& ebf} @( ut] cg'df]bg u/]sf] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwn] afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt, bL3{hLjg / ljsf;, ;+/If0f, e]befj ljlxgtf, ;xeflutf / ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sb/ h:tf d"n l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eP/ $) ;f/e"t xsclwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . dxf;lGwdf /x]sf s"n %$ wf/fx¿dWo] $) wf/fx¿n] afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . afFsL !$ wf/fx¿ sfof{Gjog / cg'udg;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwdf pNn]v ul/Psf s'g} wf/fx¿nfO{ yk sfg"gL :ki6tfsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] v08df ;f];DaGwL lgdf{0f ul/g] ljz]if Joj:yfnfO{ P]lR5s ;lGwkq elgG5 . afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf b]xfosf tLgj6f P]lR5s ;lGwkqx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] ph'/L;DaGwL P]lR5s ;lGwkq eg] g]kfnn] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5}g .

!_ ;z:q ;+3if{df afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtf ;DaGwL P]lR5s ;lGwkq, @)))

@_ afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, afnaflnsfsf] of}g zf]if0f / afnaflnsfsf] cZnLn lrq0f ;DaGwL P]lR5s ;lGwkq, @)))

#_ afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] afnclwsf/ xgg\\sf] ph'/L ;DaGwdf P]lR5s ;lGwkq @)!!

/fi6«n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug'{kg]{, ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ / kl/kfngf ug'{kg]{ bfloTj af]s]sf] x'G5 . /fi6« dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/Ifs klg xf] / k|Tofe"lt u/fpg] lgsfo klg xf] . cem s'g} cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwdf cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5 /fHosf yk bfloTjx¿ x'G5g\ . h; cGtu{t ;lGwsf] OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy kfngf ug'{, cfˆgf P]g, sfg"g, /Llt k/Dk/fdf ePsf e]befjd"ns Joj:yfx¿ x6fpg', To:tf P]gx¿nfO{ dxf;lGw cg's'n agfpFb} n}hfg' / tL dxf;lGwdf pNn]lvt clwsf/x¿sf] pkef]usf] cj:Yffsf ;DaGwdf cfjlws k|ltj]bg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ ;/sf/sf] bfloTj x'G5 .

g]kfnsf] ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf ( n] g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx¿;Fu g]kfnsf] sfg"gL k|jwfgx¿ aflemPsf] xb;Dd g]kfnL sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿ cdfGo x'g] JoJf:yf /x]sf] 5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf tL cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf k|fjwfgx¿ g]kfn sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gL k|fjwfg dfGg]–gdfGg] jf kfngf ug]{ gug]{ eGg] /fHosf] OR5fdf lge{/ ub}{g . tL sfg"gx¿ Nffu" ug'{ / kl/kfngf ug'{ /fHosf tLgj6} c+usf] bfloTj xf] .


;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwdf cg'df]bg u/]kl5 dxf;lGwsf] wf/f $$ adf]lhd b'O{jif{leq k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg / To;kl5 %–% jif{df cfjlws k|ltj]bg ;+o'Qm /fi6«5;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfnn] o; dxf;lGwcGt{ut ;g\ !((% k]ma|'c/Ldf k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k7fof] . To;dfly ;ldltn] s]xL ;dfkg l6Kk0fL k|:t't u/]kl5 d] !((^ df g]kfnn] yk ;"rgf /fvL k|ltj]bg k]z u¥of] . g]kfnn] ;g\ !((&—@))@ aLrsf k|of; tyf l:yltnfO{ ;d]6L klxnf] k|ltj]bg ;g\ @))# df / bf];|f] k|ltj]bg ;g\ @))% df a'emfof] . t]>f], rf}yf] / kfFrf} ;+o'Qm k|ltj]bg ;g\ @)!@ df a'emfPsf] lyof] . o;;Gbe{df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df ;g\ @)!% sf] d] dlxgfdf 5nkmn x'g] tflnsfg';f/ afnclwsf/ ;ldltaf6 yk ;"rgf hfgsf/L dfu ul/Psf]df ;f] ;d]t a'emfO{ ;lsPsf] lyof] . @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDksf sf/0f pQm k|ltj]bgdflysf] 5nkmn :ylut u/L ;g\ @)!^ sf] d] dlxgfsf nflu to ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm k|ltj]bgsf] k|:t'tL / 5nkmn @)&# h]7 $ b]lv @! ut];Dd ;DkGg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltsf] axQ/f}+ ;qdf ePsf] lyof] .

k|ltj]bgsf] ;dfkg l6Kk0fLdf pQm ;ldltn] afnclwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf]df gofF ;+ljwfgsf] :jfut u¥of] . t/ ;ldltn] afnaflnsf;DaGwL gofF sfg"gsf] d:of}bfdf eg] afnclwsf/sf ;DaGwdf PsLs[t, lj:t[t b[li6sf]0f gb]lvPsf] hgfof] . P]gsf] d:of}bf afnclwsf/sf ;DaGwdf /fHosf] e"ldsf kof{Kt kl/df0fdf k|i6 g/x]sf] lgisif{ ;ldltn] lgsfNof] . ;ldltn] dxTjk"0f{ l;kmfl/;sf ¿kdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] /fli6«o vfsf / sfof{Gjogsf] lgb]{lzsf tof/ kf/]sf]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|z+;f u¥of] . t/ afnaflnsfsf lglDt ljlgof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] >f]t ckof{Kt x'g] u/]sf]df rf;f] JoSt u¥of] . /fHon] afnaflnsfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ kl/rfng ub}{ cfPsf] ah]6 :fLldt ePsf] / e|i6frf/sf sf/0f yk ckof{Kt /x]sf] ;ldltn] hgfof] .

;ldltn] afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt zLif{scGtu{t afnaflnsfnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ sfg"gL k|lqmofdf pgLx¿sf] cfjfh cem ;'lgg] jf pgLx¿sf] wf/0ffnfO{ :yfg lbg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{ ljBdfg afnaflnsf;DaGWfL P]gdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;d]t ;'emfj lbof] . ;ldltn] afnaflnsfsf] wf/0ff jf ljrf/sf] sb/ tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu cfdfafa', lzIfs, ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, Gofokflnsf / ;du| ;dfhnfO{ afnclwsf/sf] ljifodf z}lIfs ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg;d]t ;/sf/sfnfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

;ldltn] afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/, ljBfno jf cGo ;+:yfx¿df zf/Ll/s b08 lbg] jf b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ;d"n cGTo ug{ sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;ldltn]


afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g / d'n'sL P]gsf ;DalGwt bkmfx¿nfO{ afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !( sf] ddf{g';f/ agfpg cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf a'Fbfx¿ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 M

s_ afa'cfdf, lzIfs / afnaflnsf;Fu sfd ug]{ Jofj;foL vf;u/L ;+:yfx¿ ;fy} cfdhgtfnfO{ afnaflnsfnfO{ ug]{ zf/Ll/s b08 / b'Jo{jxf/sf] gsf/fTds c;/sf ;DaGwdf ;"lrt ug{ / afnaflnsf tyf cfd;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ o; k|lqmofdf ;s[o ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpg ;+r]tgf a9fpg'sf ;fy} ;zSt cleofg ug{ ;d]t l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

v_ ;ldltn] afnaflnsfsf] dfgj ul/df cg's"n x'g]u/L afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @* -@_ n] kl/sNkgf u/] em}+ ;dfhsf ;a} txdf zf/Ll/s b08 ;hfosf] j}slNks pkfosf] Joj:yf ub}{ ;sf/fTds ljz]iftM ;sf/fTds cg'zf;gsf pkfox¿ k|of]udf Nofpg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{ ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

;ldltn] afnaflnsf / ckfËtf zLif{s cGtu{t gofF ;+ljwfgdf ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/;DaGwL k|fjwfg ;dfj]z ul/g'nfO{ :jfutof]Uo sbd 7fg]sf] eP klg s]xL ;jfnx¿df rf;f] JoSt u/]sf] 5 M

s_ ckfËtfsf ePsf afnaflnsfsf lglDt to ul/Psf] ljz]if jf 5'§} Joj:yf / lj:t[t / ;dfj]zL lzIff;DaGwL gLltut 9fFrf b]lv+b}g .

v_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsflj?4 e]befj / ;fdflhs s'k|rng, hf] e"sDkkl5sf lbgdf klg a9], ljBdfg 5g\ .

u_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf / cf>osf] kx'Frsf lglDt Jojwfgsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/sf] 5 .

3_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf lglDt kof{Kt zf/Ll/s ¿kdf ;xh ;+/rgf /x]sf] 5}g .

ª_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf nlIft ljBdfg ;dfj]zL Joj:yf zf/Ll/s jf OlGb|out ¿kdf ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf lglDt ;Lldt 5g\ . tL k|fjwfgn] dfgl;s jf af}l4s ckfËtf ePsf sf/0f kL8f ef]lu/x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g .

r_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfdfly x'g] b'Jo{jxf/ / j]jf:tfsf ;DaGwdf dfq s]lGb|t 5'§} tYof+ssf] cefj 5 .


!=^ afnaflnsf;DaGwL of]hgf, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd

!=^=! of]hgf tyf sfo{of]hgf

g]kfnsf] rf}wf}+ of]hgf -@)&#÷&$–)&%÷&^_ sf] cfwf/ kqn] afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ifd / of]Uo gful/s aGg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;f]r tyf afnaflnsf lj¿4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s lx+;f, Iflt jf b'Jo{jxf/af6 afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/LnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . o; of]hgfn] lnPsf p4]Zox¿df – !_ afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] ;du| clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug'{, / @_ afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lpk/ x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj, zf]if0f, lx+;f, pk]Iff / b'Jo{jxf/sf] cGTo ug'{ /x]sf 5g\ . oL p4]Zox¿sf] k|flKtsf nflu b]xfofg';f/sf /0fgLltx¿ / sfo{gLltx¿ cjnDag ul/Psf 5g\ M

/0fgLltM

!= afnaflnsfnfO{ uef{j:yfb]lv g} cfjZos :jf:Yo / kf]if0f ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

@= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / af}l4s ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .

#= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Llj¿4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f cGTosf nflu lg/f]wfTds, pkrf/fTds / k|j4{gfTds pkfo cjnDag ug]{ .

$= ;a} k|sf/sf afn>d Go"gLs/0f tyf lgif]w ug]{ .

%= ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, ;+/If0f, lgoGq0f ug]{ .

p4]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu pko'{Qm /0fgLlt cg';f/ b]xfosf sfo{gLltsf] cfwf/df sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 M

!= uef{j:yfdf cfdf / lzz'sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -!_

@= uef{j:yfb]lv hGdkZrft\ pknAw u/fOg] vf]k, le6fldg …PÚ, kf]lnof]h:tf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -!_

#= afnaflnsfsf] nflu lgMz'Ns ¿kdf pknAw u/fOg] :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] lj:tf/ / u'0f:t/df j[l4 ul/g]5 . -!_

$= PrcfO{eL P8\; ;ª\qmldt afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Fr agfOg]5 . -!_


%= afnaflnsfx¿sf] hGdbtf{nfO{ clgjfo{ u/L k|f/lDes afnljsf; k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . -@_

^= cfˆgf] wf/0ff agfpg ;Ifd afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ cfk"m;Fu ;Da4 ;a} ljifox¿df cfˆgf] ljrf/ cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] cj;/ lbO{ ljleGg txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afn ;xeflutf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . -@_

&= afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnLcg'¿k ;a} :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . -@_

*= afn;+/If0f ;ldlt / afnSna ;~rfng / kl/rfngdf :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;xof]u k'¥ofOg]5 . -@_

(= ;dfhdf k|rngdf /x]sf ljleGg xflgsf/s cEof;sf ;fy} afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Ldfly x'g] lx+;fnfO{ /f]syfd ug{ sf/0f klxrfg u/L cfjZos lg/f]wfTds pkfosf] cjnDag ul/g]5 . -#_

!)= lx+;faf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf] pko'Qm ;+/If0fsf ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ sfg"gL ;xfotf tyf cfjZos pkrf/fTds ;]jf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -#_

!!= a]rlavg, afn>dnufot cGo lx+;fdf k/]sf afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf nflu /fxt, k'g:yf{{kgf, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng / sfg"gL tyf dgf]j}1flgs k/fdz{ ;]jfsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 . -#_

!@= afnljjfx, rfF8f] x'g] ljjfx / ha/h:tL ljjfx lj¿4 ;fdflhs hfu/0f Nofpg ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d'bfo:t/;Dd lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . -#_

!#= sfg"gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg Pjd\ pgLx¿sf] lzIffbLIff nufot hLjgpkof]uL / Jofj;flos ;Lk;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -#_

!$= 36gf Joj:yfkgnufot afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|jfx ul/g] ;]jf afnd}qL, l56f], 5l/tf] agfpg ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;fy} ;f]sf] cg'udg / ;dGjo ug]{ lgsfosf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g]5 . -#_

!%= ;a} k|sf/sf afn>dnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ o;nfO{ lgif]w ul/g]5 . -$_

!^= afnaflnsfnfO{ cg'zf;gsf gfddf lbOg] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;hfonfO{ kl/jf/, ;d'bfo, ljBfnoaf6 lg¿T;fxg ug{ ;sf/fTds cg'zf;g k2ltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 . -$_

!&= afnaflnsfnfO{ k|nf]eg lbO{ jf ha/h:tL u/L ;8s afnaflnsf agfpg] sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . -%_


!*= ;8s afnaflnsfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;8sdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;]jfsf ;fy} kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng Pjd\ plrt Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . -%_

!(= afnaflnsf / lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] nfngkfng, lzIff tyf g}lts ljsf;sf] lglDt pko'Qm jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ kl/jf/nfO{ pTk|]l/t ul/g]5 . -%_

afnaflnsf;DaGwL 5'§} sfo{of]hgf to ug]{ qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] afnaflnsf;DaGwL k|yd sfo{of]hgfsf] ¿kdf ;g\ !(() sf] bzssf] nflu afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf / bf];|f] sfo{of]hgfsf] ¿kdf ;g\ @))$–@)!$ sf] nflu bzjif]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/;s]sf] 5 . t];|f] sfo{of]hgf tof/L qmddf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, ;z:q åGå k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf tyf k'g{PsLs/0f, /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf, lszf]/–lszf/L ;DaGwL /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf, dfgj cf];f/k;f/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfnufotsf sfo{of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf 5g\ .

!=^=@ /fli6«o gLlt

afnaflnsf ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, @)^( df ;du| afnclwsf/nfO{ ;d]6\b} k|To]s afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug{'nfO{ afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o gLltsf] k|d'v p4]Zosf ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . gLltsf cGo p4]Zox¿ b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M

• ;a} k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s lx+;f, Iflt jf b'Jo{jxf/, kl/Tofu, pk]Iff, zf]if0f jf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,

• afnaflnsf hGdg'cl3 / hGd]kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ cfjZos :ofxf/, kf]if0f ;xof]u / lzIff k|bfg u/L afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / z}lIfs ljsf; ug]{,

• cfˆgf] wf/0ff agfpg ;Ifd afnaflnsfnfO{ lghx¿;Fu ;Da4 ;a} ljifox¿df cfˆgf] ljrf/ cleJoQm ug{ kfpg] cj;/ lbO{ afn;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{,

• afnaflnsfk|ltsf] lje]b cGTo ug]{, cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

!=^=# cly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL k|d'v sfo{qmdx¿

ljleGg dGqfnox¿af6 cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df ;~rfng ul/Psf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿df dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnoaf6 afnsNof0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t cfktsfnLg afn p4f/ sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf cfktdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u, l;+xb/jf/ leq lbjf lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb| ;~rfng, sfg"gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{


eQmk'/, df]/ª / sf:sLdf afn ;'wf/ u[xdf k'gM:yfkgf, cgfy, c;xfo afnaflnsfsf] nflu afnsNof0f u[xx¿ -df]/ª, ;Kt/L, k;f{ / ¿kGb]xL_ ;~rfng lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff dGqfnoaf6 afnaflnsfsf] lzIff kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu k|f/lDes afn ljsf;, cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIff, dfWolds txsf] lzIffdf k|To]s jif{ yk hf]8 lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿df ljleGg lsl;dsf 5fqj[lQ, lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f, ljBfno vfhf tyf cGo lzIff ;DaGwL ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . :jf:Yo dGqfnoaf6 afn :jf:Yo cGtu{t uef{j:yf, gjhft lzz', lzz' tyf afnaflnsfsf nflu ljleGg vf]k, ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg sfo{qmd / lglZrt :jf:Yo ;]jf / cf}ifwLx¿ tf]lsPsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿ tyf c:ktfnx¿df lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 afnaflnsfsf] nflu kf]if0f cg'bfg tyf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf sfo{qmd, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g clej[l4 ug]{ h:tf :yfgLo:t/;Dd g} nfu" x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnocGtu{t åGb k|efljt afnaflnsfsf nflu 5fqa[lQ k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ ul/]Psf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf afnclwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg"gdf ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ ug]{ ljifodf k}/jL tyf ;dGjo sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . ;8s afnaflnsf p4f/, ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg dfu{bz{g sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf ;ldltn] sf7df08f} pkTosfnfO{ ;8s afnaflnsfd'Qm pkTosf agfpg] cleofg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f;DaGwL Jofks r]tgf hfu/0f ug]{, ;Da4 dGqfnox¿;“u afnclwsf/sf ljifodf ;dGjo tyf ;xhLs/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg ;ldltn] lg/Gt/ cl3 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . cfkt tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ tyf pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u, afnu[x cg'udg, afnaflnsf;DaGwL 36gf Joj:yfkg, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] Ifdtf clea[l4, afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb| lgMz'Ns kmf]g g+= !)$ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgh:tf sfo{nfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . afnx]NknfOg g+= !)(* g]kfn ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;xof]u / ;'b[9Ls/0f, wfld{s ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] tYofÍ ;+sng tyf cg'udg, afnljjfx /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, afnaflnsf a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, s0ff{nL c~rnnufot lk5l8Psf If]qdf afnclwsf/ ;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] /fli6«o afnclwsf/ ;"rgf ;|f]t s]Gb| ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 / lhNnflhNnfdf klg afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;"rgf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 afnaflnsf ;+/If0f tyf afnclwsf/ ;Dj4{gsf nflu 3f]if0ff ul/Psf /fli6«o cleofgx¿nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ #! lhNnfdf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltnufot ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;“usf] ;dGjodf afnljjfx /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, afnaflnsf a]rljvg tyf


cf];f/ k;f/ /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, ljBfno zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff, zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s b08 ;hfo /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f h:tf ljifodf k|efjsf/L cGt/lqmofsf ;fy} ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]udf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdf Pshgf afnclwsf/ clws[tsf] Joj:yf u/L lhNnf:t/df afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{ ;Dkfbg Jofks ¿kdf ug]{ p4]Zon] @)^! ;fnaf6 z'? u/]sf] afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g sfo{qmd @)^( ;fndf krxQ/} lhNnfdf k'u]sf] lyof] . t/ tL ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]un] lg/Gt/tf kfpFg g;s]sf]n] @)&! ;fnb]lv g} afnclwsf/ clws[tsf] ;+Vofdf s6f}tL x'Fb} @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd cfOk'Ubf o;;DaGwL ;xof]u clt Go"g x'g k'Uof] . kmn:j¿k s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] @)&# ;fn ;fpgb]lv lhNnf tyf k|b]zx¿df afnclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ ljifout lgsfo tyf sfof{nox¿df /0fgLlts ¿kaf6 ;xhLs/0f ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f]xLadf]lhd ;ft k|b]zdf !@ hgf afnclwsf/ ;|f]tJolQmsf] Joj:yf u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff tyf :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ;d'bfo;Dd kx'Fr x'g] u/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{no tyf lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no cGtu{tsf ;+/rgfx¿ lqmoflzn b]lvPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ufFp÷gu/ tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;+Vof of] jif{ klg s]xL a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L afn;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf k|bfg ug{ lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt cGtu{t ufpF afn;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ;ldltx¿ lqmoflzn /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

o; cltl/Qm @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] zlgaf/sf] lbg !!M%^ ah] uf]/vfsf] af/kfs s]Gb|laGb' ePsf] &=* DoflUgRo"8sf] e"sDk / ;f] kZrftsf lg/Gt/ k/fsDkgaf6 k|efljt vf;u/L !$ lhNnfx¿sf $$ xhf/ ! ;o #! hgf sl7g÷hf]lvd cj:yfsf afnaflnsfsf] ;"rgf Joj:yfkg u/L !# xhf/ $ ;o %( hgfnfO{ cfkt\sfnLg lzIff tyf kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L b]zsf ljleGg @) lhNnfsf åGå k|efljt afnaflnsf !^ xhf/ ( ;o ^ hgfdWo] lzIff, :jf:Yo, dgf];fdflhs, sfg"gL / j}slNks :ofxf/nufot lghsf kl/jf/nfO{ hLljsf]kfh{g Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u u/L # xhf/ % ;o %& hgfnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u ;d]t k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

afnclwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn ;Daf]wg u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{ tyf afnaflnsfsf] cfkt\sfnLg p4f/, /fxt, k/fdz{ / ;+/If0fsf nflu ;~rflnt afnx]NknfOg lgMz'Ns kmf]g !)(* -bz gf} cf7_ ;lxtsf] PsLs[t ;]jf s"n !! lhNnfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .


afnx]NknfOg ;~rfngaf6 jif{el/df s"n # xhf/ & ;o !! afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ u/L cfjZos cGo ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ df klg lhNnf:t/df afnljjfx /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, afnaflnsf a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ /f]syfd tyf Go"gLs/0f, afn b'Jo{jxf/ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f / kfl/jfl/s ;r]tgf h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ ;DalGwt lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt / lhNnfdf /x]sf dfgj a]rljvglj¿4 nufotsf ljleGg ljifout sfo{bn, n}ª\lus tyf afnclwsf/ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;dGjo ;ldlt, 3/]n' lx+;f kLl8tsf nflu c:ktfndf cfwfl/t Psåf/ ;+s6 Joj:yfkg s]Gb|h:tf ;+/rgfaf6 afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsf, lhNnfl:yt ljifout sfof{nox¿ -lhNnf lzIff sfo{fno, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no cflb_, afnSna, cfdf ;d"x, ;fd'bflos jg ;d"x, pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;d"xx¿_, ;d"bfodf cfwfl/t cGo ;+:yfnufot u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿ cl3Nnf jif{x¿ eGbf o; jif{ a9L lqmoflzn /x]sf] kfOof] eg] cfpFbf jif{x¿df afnaflnsfsf] ljifodf cf–cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/ jdf]lhd cema9L k|efjsf/L sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{5g\ eGg] ck]Iff ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df u/]sf k|sfzgx¿ b]xfofg';f/ 5g\ M

qm=;+= k|sfzg1 g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&@2 :yfgLo lgsfo / ;d'bfo:t/df afn;xeflutf k|j4{g tyf afn;+/If0fsf] nflu ;xof]uL k'l:tsf3 afnd}qLpGd"v lrq] uflj; M ;kmntfsf syfx¿ 36gf cWoogsf] ;+ufnf]4 afnu[xsf] l:ylt k|ltj]bg5 ;8s afnaflnsf p4f/, ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg dfu{bz{g @)&@6 afn;+/If0f gS;fÍg ;f/f+z k|ltj]bg7 cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f;DaGwL k|aGw8 ljkb / afnaflnsfM tgfa sd u/fpg] lqmofsnfk9 sf7df08f} pkTosfsf ;8s afnaflnsf / ;f] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿sf] gS;fÍg k|ltj]bg10 afnclwsf/df cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof ;xof]uL k'l:tsf11 afn;+/If0f;DaGwL ;xof]uL k'l:tsf efu ! b]lv * ;Dd12 36gf Joj:yfkg k|lqmof13 $( lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf afnaflnsf;DaGwL l:ylt k|ltj]bg k|sfzg


!=& s]xL dGqfnox¿sf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL ah]6 l:ylt

@)&# h]7 !% ut] ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf nflu !) va{ $* ca{ (@ s/f]8 !# nfv %$ xhf/sf] jh]6 Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k]z u/]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{df s"n ah]6 * va{ !( ca{ $^ s/f]8 ah]6 lalgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ah]6dWo] afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf a9L /sd ljlgof]hg ug]{ rf/j6f dGqfnosf] ah]6df afnaflnsf;DaGwL vr{sf] ljZn]if0f o'/f]lkog o'lgog / ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] cfly{s ;xof]u afnaflnsf zflGt If]q /fli6«o cleofg / sG;f]l6{odn] @)&@ ;fndf ljZn]if0f u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]cg';f/ ljut kfFr cfly{s jif{sf] rf/j6f dGqfnosf] s"n aflif{s ah]6df afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] k|ltzt / cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ df ;f] dGqfno÷If]qsf] nflu ljlgof]lht /sd tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf !M rf/j6f dGqfnosf] kfFr cfly{s jif{df afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] ah]6 k|ltzt

cf=a=2073/74+

s"n ah]62072/73

%2071/72

%2070/71

%2069/70

%2068/69

%

af;+a* % –daf;sd+ 2420655 29 9 7 5 10

af;+a % –lzd+ 116360649 45 81 83 81 83

af;+a % –:jfd+ 40563027 41 40 40 43 42

af;+a % –;+df:yfljd+ 116737908 25 25 11 10 15* afnaflnsf;DaGwL ah]6+ aflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd, @)&#÷)&$

;|f]t M afnaflnsf zflGt If]q /fli6«o cleofg, @)&@

k|:t't Tfflnsfdf ;a} lzIff dGqfnoafx]s cGo tLg dGqfnosf] s"n aflif{s ah]6af6 afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfo{qmddf vr{ ul/g] ah]6sf] k|ltzt k|To]s jif{ a9\bf] qmddf b]lvPsf] 5 . lzIff dGqfnosf] xsdf zfob rfn' / k'FhLut lzif{ssf] kl/dfh{gsf] sf/0f cf=a= @)&@÷&# df afnaflnsf;DaGwL lzIff ah]6 sd b]lvg uPsf] x'g ;S5 . lzIff dGqfnosf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ k|f/lDes afnljsf;b]lv sIff !@ ;Ddsf] lzIff;DaGwL sfo{qmddf lzIffsf] s"n ah]6sf] sl/a &@ k|ltzt ah]6 ljlgof]hg÷vr{ x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .


!=* ljsf; nIox¿ / afnaflnsf

!=*=! ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo / afnaflnsf

;g\ @)!% ;Dd xfl;n ug'{kg]{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿ cGtu{t afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rs tyf kl/nIox¿sf ;Gbe{df k|fylds txdf v'b egf{b/ (^=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 eg] k|fylds / dfWolds:t/sf] lzIffdf 5fqf / 5fqsf] cg'kftdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ cfPsfn] n}ª\lus ;dfgtf sfod eO{ ;g\ @)!% sf nflu lgwf{l/t uGtJo xfl;n eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ !% b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] ;fIf/tfb/ **=^ k|ltzt / k|fylds txdf l6sfpb/ *^=* k|ltzt k'u] klg to ul/Psf] nIo xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . lzIff If]qdf nufgL pNNf]vgLo ¿Kfdf j[l4 x'g', ljBfno txsf] lzIffdf ljsf; ;fem]bf/;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf ljifo If]qut sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g', 5fqj[lQ, lbjf vfhf sfo{qmd, 5fqfx¿sf nflu k[ys zf}rfno cflb sfo{qmdsf] sf/0f egf{b/sf] nIo xfl;n x'g;s]sf] b]lvG5 .

o;}u/L, afn :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;x;|fJbL ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx¿ ;g\ @)!% eGbf cuf8L g} xfl;n u/]sf]df g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o k'/:sf/ klg kfPsf] 5 . kfFr jif{d'gLsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ #*, lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ ##, gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ @# ;Dd pNn]vgLo ¿kdf 36]sf] 5 eg] bfb'/fla?4sf] vf]k kfpg]sf] k|ltzt (@ k'uL nIo xfl;n e};s]sf] 5 . ;du|df, ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n;DaGwL k|ult pT;fxhgs /x]sf] 5 .

!=*=@ bLuf] ljsf; nIo / afnaflnsf;g\ @)!% ;Ddsf] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] ;dofjlw nuQ} ljZjdf bLuf] ljsf; nIo -;g\ @)!^ – @)#)_ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . h; cGtu{t to ul/Psf !& j6f nIox¿dWo] afnaflnsf;DaGwL d'Vo ;"rs, l:ylt / kl/nIonfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . tflnsf @M afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt;"rs, l:ylt / kl/nIo -;g\df_

nIo @M bLuf] s[lifsf] k|j4{g, kf]if0fdf ;'wf/, vfB ;'/Iff / ef]sd/Lsf] cGTok|d'v ;"rs / kl/nIo 2014 2020 2025 2030

)–%( dlxgfsf afnaflnsfdf s'kf]0fsf] l:ylt -k|ltzt_ 41.0 26.0 13.5 1 kfFrjif{d'gLsf s'kf]lift afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ 30.1 19.2 10.1 1 kfFrjif{d'gLsf k'8\sf afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ – pd]/ cg';f/ prfO{ gk'u]sf 37.4 23.7 12.4 1


kfFrjif{d'gLsf Vofp6] afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ – prfOcg';f/ tf}n gk'u]sf 11.3 7.4 4.2 1 nIo #M :j:Yo hLjggjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ – ;+Vof 23 14 8 1kfFr jif{d'gLsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ – ;+Vof 23 23 14 1tflnd k|fKt :jf:YosdL{af6 k|;'tL ul/Psf] k|ltzt 55.6 68.5 79.3 90nIo $M u'0f:t/Lo lzIffk|fylds lzIffdf v'b egf{b/ -k|ltzt_ 95.3 100 100 100sIff ! df egf{ e} sIff * ;Dd k'Ug] ljBfyL{ -k|ltzt_ 95.3 82.2 88.6 95nIo %M n}lËs ;dfgtfk|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtf cg'kft 1.02 1 1 1dfWolds lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtf cg'kft 1.02 1 1 1!* jif{eGbf sd pd]/df ljjfx ePsf dlxnf -k|ltzt_ 29 18 9 0zf/Ll/s ;hfo kfpg] 5fqf -k|ltzt_ 21.0 13.1 6.6 0

;|f]tM /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, @)&@

!=( cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sfzdf cfPsf afnlx+;f;DaGwL 36gf@)&@ ;fn a}zfvb]lv r}t;Ddsf /fli6«o:t/sf !& j6f b}lgs / cgnfOg Go"h kf]6{ndf k|sflzt afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;dfrf/df o; cljwdf afnaflnsf cf];f/kf];f/, anfTsf/nufotsf b'Jo{jxf/, afnljjfx, ckx/0f / xTof Pjd\ ljBfnodf ;hfosf ¿kdf zf/Ll/s oftgf lbOPsf 36gfx¿ phfu/ eP . oBlk o; cjlwdf afnaflnsflj?4 ePsf 36gf oltdfq} x'g\ eGg] lgisif{ eg] lgsfNg ldNb}g, jif{e/L k|sflzt ;dfrf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0fn] klg g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] lrq0f ub{5 . sfg"gL k|lqmofdf /x]sf sltko 36gf k|sfzdf cfpFb}gg\, ;fj{hlgs ePsf 36gfdfq ;d]l6Psf x'G5g\ . s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] ;~rf/ cg'udgdf /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfx¿ – sflGtk'/, g]kfn ;dfrf/kq, gful/s, cGgk"0f{ kf]:6, sf/f]af/, gofF klqsf, b lxdfnog 6fO{D;, b sf7df08f} kf]i6 Pjd\ cgnfOg Go"h kf]6{nx¿M ;]tf]kf6L, /ftf]kf6L, cgnfO{g va/, O{–sflGtk'/, pHofnf], gful/s cgnfOg, gofF k]h, lala;L g]kfnL ;]jf / lxdfn va/ klqsf cgnfOg ;+:s/0fnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt cfd;~rf/ dfWodx¿df afnaflnsfsf] lxtlj?4sf 36gfsf ;DaGwdf hDdf $ ;o @! j6f ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf lyP . @)&@ ;fndf ljleGg /fli6«o b}lgs kqklqsf / cgnfOg va/x¿df k|sflzt afnaflnsf lj?4sf 36gfx¿df ;a}eGbf w]/} cf];f/k;f/ &!


k|ltzt, anfTsf/ !! k|ltzt, afnljjfx & k|ltzt, ckx/0f tyf xTof ^ k|ltzt / zf/Ll/s b08 ;hfo % k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 .

u|fkm ! M cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt afnlx+;fsf] 36gf, @)&@÷&# -k|ltztdf_

;|f]t M s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, @)&#

@)&@ ;fndf b]zsf k|ltlglw cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;dfrf/nfO{ b]xfojdf]lhd pkzLif{sdf ;d]6\g ;lsG5 . aemfª

s= afnaflnsf cf];f/k;f/@)&@ a}zfvb]lv r}t dlxgf;Dd # ;o * hgf afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ ul/Psf] 36gfdf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, g]kfn k|x/L, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt, afnx]NknfOg !)(*, afnaflnsf vf]htnf; s]Gb| !)$, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ nufot ljleGg lgsfox¿af6 p4f/ ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . dlxgfsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ jif{el/df cf];f/k;f/ ul/Psf s"n afnaflnsfdWo] @ ;o &) hgf cyf{t ** k|ltztnfO{ e"sDknuQ}sf rf/ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf cf];f/k;f/ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . afFsL * dlxgfdf #* hgf !@ k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ ePsf]] b]lvG5 . cf];f/k;f/ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] 36gfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ e'sDknfO{ axfgf agfO{ () k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] cGo sf/0fn] !) k|ltzt afnaflnsfnfO{ cf];f/k;f/ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cf];f/k;f/ ePsf # ;o * hgf afnaflnsf dWo] @ ;o && hgf cyf{t () k|ltzt cfGtl/s / #! Hfgf cyf{t !) k|ltzt ;Ldfkf/ cf];f/k;f/sf] lzsf/ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . cf];f/k;f/sf] lzsf/ x'g] afnaflnsf $ jif{b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf /x]sf 5g\ eg] aflnsfsf] t'ngfdf afns !@ k|ltzt a9L /x]sf 5g\ .


v= afnof}g b'Jo{jxf/ / anfTsf/@)&@ ;fn a};fvb]lv r}t dlxgf;Dd hDdf $$ hgf afnaflnsf anfTsf/af6 kLl8t ePsf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 phfu/ ePsf 36gfnfO{ s]nfpFbf ;a}eGbf a9L kmfu'g dlxgfdf !@ j6f 36gfx¿ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . anfTsf/sf 36gf ePsf cGo dlxgfx¿df qmdzM, r}tdf % j6f , a}zfv, ;fpg, d+l;/ / df3 k|To]s dlxgfdf $ j6f, c;f/df # j6f, ebf}, c;f]h / k'; k|To]s dlxgf @ j6f tyf h]7 / sflt{s k|To]s dlxgf Pp6f 36gf ePsf 5g\ . afnaflnsfdfly anfTsf/sf 36gf @# lhNnfx¿df ePsf]df ;a}eGbf a9L sfe]| lhNnfdf * j6f 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . b]zsf] /fhwfgL sf7df08f}df ^ j6f anfTsf/sf 36gf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . o;} u/L l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf %, /f}tx6df #, eQmk'/, wgs'6f / nlntk'/ k|To]sdf @÷@, tfKn]h'ª, ?s'd, /fd]5fk, bfª, wg'iff, ;Kt/L, k;f{, afFs], l;/xf, afUn'ª, :ofªhf, l;Gw'nL, sf:sL, s}nfnL, ;'v]{t, ;'g;/L k|To]s lhNnfdf !÷! j6f 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿dWo] @) k|ltzt cyf{t gf} hgfdfly ;fd'lxs anfTsf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . h;dWo] Ps ;':tdgl:ylt ePsL aflnsf;d]t u/L tLg aflnsf lyP . ;':tdgl:yltsL aflnsfsf] sf7df08f}df / sfe]|sf] kgf}tLdf b'O{ lszf]/L k|x/Laf6 anfTsf/ ePsf lyP . cGo tLg aflnsf afnsx¿af6} anfTs[t x'g k'u]sf lyP . To;}u/L tLghgf aflnsf 5'§f5'§} 36gfdf ckl/lrt JolQmaf6 ;fd'lxs ¿kdf anfTs[t ePsf lyP . hDdf k|sflzt 36gfx¿dWo] $* k|ltzt ckl/lrt JolQmaf6, lrghfgsf JolQmaf6 $! k|ltzt tyf xf8gftfsf JolStaf6 !! k|ltzt aflnsf anfTs[t ePsf] b]lvG5 . xf8gftfsf JolStaf6 anfTs[t x'g]x¿dWo] tLghgf aflnsf cfˆg} a'afaf6, Pshgf xh'/a'afaf6 / Pshgf sfsfaf6 anfTs[t ePsf lyP . ;a}eGbf sd pd]/sL tLg jif{sL Pshgf aflnsf, ;a}eGbf a9L ;+Vofdf !! b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/sf !( hgf -$# k|ltzt_ aflnsf anfTs[t ePsf 36gf k|sfzgdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

u= afnljjfxsfg"gL jGb]h tyf ljleGg ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf sf/0f g]kfnL ;dfhdf jfnljjfx k|rng qmdzM sd ePsf] cfd;~rf/ dfWodsf] cGtj{:t' ljZn]if0faf6 klg b]lvG5 . t/ kxf8b]lv t/fO{dw];;Dd} s]xL If]q jf ;d"bfodf gfafns cj:yfd} ljjfx ul/lbg] rng /x]sf] b]lvG5 . sltko cj:yfdf afnaflnsfsf 36gf phfu/ x'Fb}gg\ . t/ klg ;dfrf/ dfWodn] o:tf 36gfx¿nfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . o; jif{ @( j6f afnljjfxsf 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L df3df & j6f, kmfu'gdf ^ j6f, c;f/, d+l;/ / r}tdf rf/÷rf/ j6f, ;fpg, c;f]h,


sflt{s / k'; dlxgfdf Pp6f÷Pp6f afnljjfx ePsf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . k|sflzt 36gfx¿df cleefjssf sf/0fn] ;a}eGbf a9L &! k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] afNofj:yfd} ljjfx u/]sf] kfOof] eg] @( k|ltzt afnaflnsfn] cfkm"v'zL ljjfx u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|sflzt afnljjfxsf 36gfx¿dWo] %) k|ltzt 36gfdf afns / aflnsf b'j}sf] pd]/ gk'Ub} ljjfx ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] %) k|ltzt ljjfxsf] 36gfx¿df aflnsf / pd]/ k'u]sf jo:s k'?if aLr ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

3= ckx/0f tyf xTof@)&@ ;fne/L !@ j6f afnaflnsfsf] ckx/0f tyf !^ j6f xTofsf 36gf ;dfrf/ dfWoddf k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . ckx/0f ul/Psf !@ afnaflnsfdWo] ;fthgfsf] ckx/0fkl5 xTof ul/Psf] 5 . cGo rf/hgfnfO{ ckx/0fkZrft lkmtf{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] Ps hgfsf] cj:yf 1ft x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . xTof ul/Psf !^ hgf afnaflnsfdWo] ;fthgfsf] ckx/0f u/L xTof ul/Psf] a'lemPsf] 5 . cGwljZjf;df k/]/ gjnk/f;L / /f}tx6df u/L @)&@ ;fndf tLg hgf afnaflnsfsf] xTof ul/Psf 36gfsf ;DaGwd klg ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ;fy} kfFrhgf afnaflnsfsf] cfˆg} a'afcfdfaf6 xTof ePsf] 5 . pd]/ ;d"xsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] !$ dlxgfsf] aflnsfsf] xTof ul/Psf] 5 . !& hgf afnaflnsf !) jif{d'gLsf /x]sf lyP eg] !! jif{ b]lv !$ jif{sf rf/ hgf /x]sf lyP . ckx/0f tyf xTof ePsf afnaflnsf dWo] %% k|ltzt afns tyf $% k|ltzt aflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . pQm 36gfx¿ dWo] dxf]Q/L / d'u'df rf/–rf/ hgfsf] xTof ePsf] 5 eg] s}nfnLdf Ps afnssf] xTof / csf]{ Ps hgfsf] ckx/0f ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L Pp6f—Pp6f 36gf ePsf cGo lhNnfx¿df sf7df08f}, /f}tx6, gjnk/f;L, ¿kGb]lx, wg'iff, afFs], df]/ª, k;f{, nlntk'/, af/f / ;nf{lx /x]sf 5g\ . @! j6f ckx/0f tyf xTofsf 36gfx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L d+l;/ dlxgfdf 5 j6f 36gf ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . s/La ^ dlxgf;Dd rn]sf] dw]z cfGbf]ngsf qmddf dfly pNn]lvt !^ j6f xTof ePsf 36gfdWo] #@ k|ltzt afnaflnsfn] pQm cfGbf]ngsf qmddf Hofg u'dfPsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .

ª= zf/Ll/s ;hfovf;u/L lghL ljBfno tyf pRr dfWolds ljBfnox¿df afnaflnsfsf] z}lIfs Pjd\ g}lts kIf ;'wfg{ cg'zf;g sfod ug'{ kb{5 eGg] gfddf l8;LlKng O{Grfh{ lgo'St ug]{ k|rng a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ To:tf l8;LlKng O{Grfh{ afnclwsf/sf] ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn gePsf] cj:yfdf afnaflnsf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;hfoaf6 kLl8t x'g k'u]sf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf


cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltko lzIfsaf6 afnaflnsf kLl8t eO{/x]sf ;dfrf/ klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . jif{e/L ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWoddf !( j6f o:tf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . h;dWo] ljBfnodf ;fdfGo s'6fO{ tyf ;hfo kfPsf !@ k|ltzt, uDeL/ k|sf/sf] s'6fO vfPsf ** k|ltzt afnaflnsf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . uDeL/ ;hfo kfPsf dWo] Pshgf aflnsfsf] cfvfFsf] Hof]lt u'd]sf] 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . b'O{hgf afnssf] sfgsf] hfnL km'6]sf] tyf cGo !% hgfnfO{ lzIfsn] z/L/df lgn8fd x'g]u/L lk6]sf] / Pshgf afnsnfO{ ljBfnoaf6 lgisf;g ul/Psf] 36gf klg ;dfrf/sf ¿kdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .

pNn]lvt 36gfx¿sf] cWoog ubf{ ljBfnodf lbOg] zf/Ll/s b08–;hfosf s"n 36gfdWo] #) k|ltzt ;fd'bflos tyf &) k|ltzt lghL ljBfnodf x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ljBfnodf afnaflnsfnfO{ lbOg] zf/Ll/s ;hfo (% k|ltzt k'?if lzIfsaf6 / kfFr k|ltzt dlxnf lzIfsaf6 x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

cfd;~rf/ dfWodn] afnaflnsfsf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ :yfg lb+Fb} cfPsf 5g\ / afnaflnsfdfly x'g] sltko ck/fwx¿ phf/u/ klg ub}{ cfPsf 5g . cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf afn ;+j]bgzLntfsf] cem clej[l4sf nflu @)&@ df3df s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] kxndf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfn, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf ljefun] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf afn;Dj]bgzLn kqsfl/tf lgb]{lzsf @)&@ th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . pQm afn ;Dj]bgzLn kqsfl/tf lgb]{lzsf k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnn] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3;Fusf] k/fdz{df hf/L u/]sf] afn ;+j]bgzLn kqsfl/tf lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sf] cËsf ¿kdf /xg] ePsf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr !_ .


afnarfj6

@=! kl/ro

o; kl/R5]bdf afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwdf afnarfj6;Fu ;DalGwt bL3{ hLjg / ljsf; -wf/f ^_, :jf:Yo;DaGwL clwsf/ -wf/f @$_ cGtu{t d"ntM ue{ / hGdsf] cj:yf, afNosfndf x'g] /f]usf hf]lvd / vf]k, lzz' tyf afn d[To'b/, afn kf]if0f, PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;+qmldt tyf k|efljt afnaflnsfh:tf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .

@=@ ue{ / hGdsf] cj:yf

;'/lIft ue{ktg;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, @)^) / ;'/lIft ue{ktg ;]jf k|lqmof, @)^) cg';f/ cjfl~5t jf ue{jtL dlxnfsf] :jf:Yodf vt/f pTkGg x'g ;Sg] cj:yfdf ue{ktg u/fpg hfoh 7xl/G5 . To;}n] !@ xKtf;Ddsf] s'g}klg ue{, ha/h:tL s/0fL jf xf8gftf s/0fLaf6 /xg uPsf] !* xKtf;Ddsf] ue{ / ue{kft gu/fPdf ue{jtL dlxnfsf] Hofgdf vt/f k'Ug ;Sb5 jf ue{jtL dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn] v/fa x'g ;Sb5 jf ljsnfË aRrf hGdg ;S5 eGg] clwsf/ k|fKt lrlsT;ssf] /fo ePdf jf e|"0f ljsnfË / afFRg ;Sg] gb]lvPdf ue{jtL dlxnfn] rfx]sf] v08df ue{ktg u/fpg kfpg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . t/ d'n'sL P]gsf] P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg @)%( df Hofg;DaGwLsf] dxn @* gDa/df ue{df /x]sf] e|"0fsf] lnË klxrfg u/L ul/g] ue{ktgnfO{ u}/sfg"gL sfo{ dflgPsf] 5 . of] Joj:yfn] g]kfndf JofKt /x]sf] 5f]/f k|ltsf] df]x / 5f]/L k|ltsf] k"jf{u|x tyf e]befjsf sf/0f x'g] :qL hfltsf] e|'0fsf] xTofsf] kl/kf6LnfO{ /f]Sg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . of] k|fjwfg ljkl/t cEof; ug]{ lrlsT;snfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{ sf/jfxL;d]t x'g]

@kl/R5]b


Joj:yf 5 . ue{ktg u/fpg] p4]Zon] e|"0fsf] lnË klxrfg ug]{u/fpg]nfO{ # b]lv ^ dlxgf;Dd / lnË klxrfg u/L ue{ktg u/fpg]nfO{ ^ dlxgfb]lv @ jif{;Dd s}b x'g;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ hGdg'cl3 / hGd]kl5 cfjZos :ofxf/, kf]if0f ;xof]u / lzIff k|bfg u/L afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / z}lIfs ljsf; ug]{ p4]Zosf ;fy :jf:Yo / lzIff;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5g\ . ;fy} afnaflnsfnfO{ nlIft ub}{ kf]if0f / ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbgh:tf afn:ofxf/sf sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf 5g\ .

ue{jtL dlxnf / aRrfsf] :jf:Yosf] nflu cfO/g, SoflN;odnufotsf cf}iflwx¿ c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo rf}sLaf6 lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fOg] Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/L c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo rf}sLdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] dlxnfnfO{ lgMz'Ns ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ oftfoft vr{;d]t k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . k"j{ k|;''tL / k|;''tLkZrft k|bfg ul/g'kg]{ :jf:Yo ;]jf klg ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] kl5Nnf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg -)&!÷)&@_ cg';f/ bIf k|;'tLstf{sf] ;xof]udf ;'Ts]/L ePsf] k|ltzt %%=^ k'u]sf] 5 . cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&@÷)&# cg';f/ @$;} 306f cTofjZos k|;'tL ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf lhNnfx¿ o; cfly{s jif{ sf] k|yd * dlxgfdf ^& k'u]sf] 5 hasL of] ;+Vof )^(÷)&) df @^ lhNnfdfq} /x]sf] lyof] .

@=# afNosfndf x'g] /f]usf hf]lvd / vf]k

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] kl5Nnf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ b]ze/df ̂ s]Gb|Lo c:ktfn, # If]qLo c:ktfn, # pk–If]qLo c:ktfn, !) c~rn c:ktfn, &% lhNnf hg:jf:Yo c:ktfn, @ ;o @ k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf s]Gb|, # xhf/ * ;o % :jf:Yo rf}sL, !@ xhf/ ( ;o * k|fylds :jf:Yo cfp6l/r lSnlgs tyf !^ xhf/ * ;o $) lj:tfl/t vf]k s]Gb|x¿ ;~rflnt 5g\ . dlxnf ;fd'bfoLs :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfsf] ;+Vof %! xhf/ $ ;o &) /x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;'/lIft hGd, vf]k nufot dft[ lzz' :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt cj:yfdf ;'wf/ tyf afnaflnsfsf] d[To'b/ Go"gLs/0f ug{df :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsfsf] e"ldsf cxd\ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

@)&# h]7 !% ut] Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k|:t't ul/Psf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6sf] a'Fbf g+= @$% df cfufdL cfly{s jif{ ;ft nfv afnaflnsfnfO{ !! k|sf/sf /f]ulj?4sf] vf]k lgz'Ns ¿kdf nufOg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .

@=$ lzz' tyf afn d[To'b/ / vf]k

afn :jf:Yo;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljutb]lv lbPsf] k|fyldstfsf] sf/0f lzz' / afn :jf:Yodf cfPsf] ;'wf/ ;DalGwt ;"rsx¿n] k|i6\ofPsf] 5 . afn :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;x;|fJbL ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx¿ ;g\ @)!% eGbf cuf8L g} xfl;n u/]sf]df g]kfnn] cGt/


f{li6«o k'/:sf/ klg kfPsf] 5 . g]kfn hg;f+lVos :jf:Yo ;e]{If0f / cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&@÷&# cg';f/ kfFr jif{d'gLsf] afn d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ #*, lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ ##, gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/df_ @# / s"n k|hgg b/ @=# /x]sf] 5 .

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] aflif{s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ df )–@* lbg;Ddsf #@ xhf/ ! ;o ( gjhft lzz'x¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . o;}u/L !$ nfv !# xhf/ ! ;o !! emf8fkvfnfsf] 36gf btf{ ePsf lyP eg] emf8fkvfnfsf] gofF btf{sf] 36gf qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . :jf;k|Zjf; ;d:ofsf @@ nfv * xhf/ @ ;o @! 36gf btf{ x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 . uDeL/ :jf;k|:jf; ;+qmd0fdf kfFr jif{d'lgsf gofF la/fdL afnaflnsfsf k|lt xhf/df & ;o ^% hgf e]l6Psf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df To:tf :jf;k|:jf; ;DaGwL gofF la/fdL afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ( ;o %! hgf /x]sf] lyof] . lzz'sf] zf/Ll/s a[4L cg'udgdf btf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt (& k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfdWo] klxnf] k6s emf8fkvfnfaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ df k|lt xhf/df % ;o @ hgf e]l6Psf 5g\ eg] cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df of] ;+Vof ^ ;o @( /x]sf] lyof] .

afnaflnsfsf nflu lbOg] vf]k sfo{qmd /fli6«o:t/df pRr k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] 5 . vf]ksf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfng ug]{ b]zx¿df g]kfn klg Ps xf] . s"n hg;+Vofdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lje]blagf (& k|ltzt hg;+Vofsf] vf]kdf kx'Fr k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . o; cfly{s jif{;Dddf k"0f{ vf]ksf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lhNnfsf] ;+Vof ^ k'u]sf] 5 eg] ;g\ @)!& ;Dddf b]zsf ;a} lhNnfx¿ k"0f{ vf]k kfPsf] lhNnf 3f]if0f ug]{ k|lta4tf ;/sf/n] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ @)!$ sf] dfr{ @& tfl/vsf lbg ljZjdf kf]lnof]/lxt d'n'ssf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! / @)&!÷&@ df vf]k kfPsf afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf #M vf]k kfpg] afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt -cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! / @)&!÷&@_

qm=;+= vf]k @)&)÷&! @)&!÷&@lal;hL -! jif{d'gLsf_ 99 94l8lk6L–x]kB–lxk# -! jif{d'gLsf_ 92 91cf]lkeL# -! jif{d'gLsf_ 92 90bfb'/f÷?a]nf -! jif{d'gLsf_ 88 85hfkflgh OG;]ˆnfOl6;\ -!@–@# dlxgf_ 43 53/fli6«o vf]k sfo{qmddf to ul/Psf lbgx¿df k"0f{ vf]k kfPsf -! jif{d'gLsf_ - 73

;|f]tM :jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, aflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&!÷&@


dflysf] tflnsfaf6 vf]k kfpg] afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt lsg 36\g uof] eGg]tkm{ gLlt lgdf{tf / sfo{qmd ;~rfnsx¿sf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f x'g clth?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

afn :jf:Yo ;'wf/sf nflu sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sfo{qmdx¿dWo] ;fd'bfodf cfwfl/t gjhft lzz' / afn :jf:Yosf] Plss[t Joj:yfkg, gjhft lzz' :ofxf/, ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg, le6fldg …PÚ, ljleGg vf]k, dft[lzz', kf]if0fh:tf sfo{qmx¿ k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ . !% jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfnfO{ d'6';DaGwL /f]udf ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy lgMz'Ns pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6 jStJosf] j'Fbf g+=@$# df dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft k|;'tL ;]jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg ;3g cfsl:ds k|;'tL ;]jf / gjhft lzz' ;]jfnfO{ &% lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .

@=% kf]if0f

afnaflnsf / dlxnfsf] kf]if0f l:ylt ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/ / ljsf;sf ;xsdL{x¿ ljut rf/ bzseGbf a9L ;dob]lv k|of;/t /x]sf 5g\ . s'kf]if0f Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ul/Psf] ;do tyf cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] nufgL :j¿k kf]if0f l:yltdf s]xL ;'wf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] ljleGg cWoogaf6 hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . kf]if0f l:ylt ;'wf/ ug'{ /fli6«o ;/fsf]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 / o; cg';f/ ljleGg sfo{of]hgf, gLlt tyf /0fgLlt, sfo{qmd / kl/of]hgfx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . ljut w]/} ;dob]lv /fli6«o le6fldg …PÚ, afnaflnsfsf] a[l4 cg'udg tyf k/fdz{, cfO/gsf] sdLaf6 x'g] Plgldof lgoGq0f / /f]syfd, cfof]l8gsf] sldsf] /f]syfd, h'sf lgoGq0f, kf]if0fo'Qm vfg]s'/f ljt/0f h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ Jofks ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 eg] ljBfno :jf:Yo / kf]if0f sfo{qmd la:tf/ x'Fb}5 . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 kf]if0f k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb|÷;]jf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 eg] ljkb cj:yfdf kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;d]t ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . kf]if0fdf k|efj kfg]{ d"n kIfx¿df cfof]l8gsf] sdL, le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdL / cfof]l8gsf] sdLaf6 x'g] s'kf]if0fdf lg/Gt/ / pT;fxhgs ¿kdf ;'wf/ eO/x]sf] 5 eg] k|f]l6gsf] sdLn] x'g] s'kf]if0fdf lgs} sd ¿kdf ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ sf] :jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ pd]/cg';f/ prfO gk'u]sf÷k'8\sf]kgf ePsf kfFrjif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf #&=$ k|ltzt /x]sf], pd]/cg';f/ tf}n gk'u]sf kfFrjif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf #) k|ltzt /x]sf] / Vofp6]kgf -prfO{ cg';f/ tf}n gk'u]sf_ ePsf kfFrjif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf !! k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))! df of] b/ qmdzM %& k|ltzt, $# k|ltzt / !! k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . pknAw tYofÍsf cfwf/df sl/a 8]9 bzssf] cjlwdf


klg kf]if0fsf] If]qdf pNn]Vo k|ult x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . vf;u/L cfdfsf] s'kf]if0f, hGdbfsf] sd tf}n, ;fdfGo cj:yf / lj/fdL ePsf] a]nf lzz' :ofxf/ / vfgkfgsf] cJoj:yf, kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] ckof{Kttf, ;/;kmfO{, vfB ;d:of, clws ;Gtfg ;+Vof, cfxf/Jojxf/h:tf sf/0fn] afnaflnsfsf] kf]if0f l:yltdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ cfpg g;s]sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf xfn} ul/Psf] sf7df08f} pkTosfsf @% j6f afnu[xdf /x]sf !$ jif{;Ddsf ^ ;o @^ hgf afnaflnsfsf] kf]if0f l:ylt;DaGwL cWoogsf] k|f/lDes glthf cg';f/ afnu[xdf ;Gt'lnt vfgf;DaGwL 1fg / cEof;df sdL /x]sf], lbgdf # k6sdfq vfgf lbOPsf], vfhfsf ¿kdf w]/}h;f] rfprfp, la:s'6 / bfndf]7h:tf tof/L vfhf lbg] ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . clwsf+z afnu[xdf jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo l:ylt ;fdfGo /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg] ;a} k|sf/sf vf]k / h'sfsf] cf}ifwL pknJw ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cWoog ul/Psf afnaflnsfdWo] ^% k|ltztdf pd]/ cg';f/sf] tf}n a9L ePsf], @) k|ltztdf kf]if0f l:ylt ;fdfGo /x]sf], !# k|ltztdf ;fdfGo s'kf]if0f / @ k|ltztdf uDeL/ s'kf]if0f ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;Gt'lnt vfgfsf] ckof{Kt l:ylt / tof/L vfgf -h+s km'8_ sf] cToflws k|of]uaf6 kf]if0fsf] o:tf] l:ylt kf]if0fsf] /xg uPsf] x'g ;Sb5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6 jStJosf] j'Fbf g+=@$# df cfdf / lzz'sf] kf]if0f ;'lglZrt ug{ ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbg sfo{qmdnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfOg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .

@=^ PrcfO{eL÷P8\; k|efljt tyf ;+qmldt afnaflnsf

g]kfndf ;/sf/L lgsfo / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df PrcfO{eL÷P8\;;DaGwL hgr]tgf hfu/0f / pkrf/sf] sfo{qmd z'? ePb]lv g} afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx¿ klg ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;+qmldt afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo / kf]if0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p4]Zon] gub x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 k|efljt / ;+qmldt afnaflnsfsf nflu ljz]if Wofg lbO pgLx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gtkm{ pGd'v x'g] qmddf PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 k|efljt / ;+qmldt afnaflnsfsf nflu gub x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&) th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog / cg'udg k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo:t/df :jf:Yo dGqfnosf] of]hgf tyf a}b]lzs ;xfotf dxfzfvfsf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;/sf/L / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L !! hgfsf] ;ldlt / lhNnfdf lhNnf hg:jf:Yo k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;/sf/L sfof{no / PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 k|efljt / ;+qmldt JolQmx¿ ;+nUg ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+hfnsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]


u/L u7g ul/g] ;ft ;b:oLo lhNnf:t/Lo ;ldlt ;lqmo ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ . oL b'j} ;ldltn] lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt afnaflnsfsf] k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ tyf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePgePsf] / gub ;xof]usf] pkof]lutfsf] cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ cg';f/ ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd g]kfndf PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;+qmldtsf] ;+Vof #( xhf/ @ ;o $( /x]sf] lyof] h;dWo] % k|ltzt cyf{t ! xhf/ ( ;o ^* -afns %!=$^ k|ltzt / aflnsf $*=%$ k|ltzt_ !$ jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\ . afFsL (% k|ltzt ;+qmldt !% jif{ pd]/eGbf dflysf 5g\ . t/ ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldt !% jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsfsf] ;ª\Vof ! xhf/ % ;o *( -afnsM * ;o !% / aflnsf & ;o &$_ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

/fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|sf] @)!% l8;]Da/;Ddsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ PrcfO{eL ;+qmldt !$ jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] btf{ ePsf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ ( /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] ! xhf/ @ ;o $ hgf afns -^) k|ltzt_ / * ;o % hgf aflnsf -$) k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ .

/fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|n] @)&@ ;fndf sf7df08f} pkTosfsf tLgj6f lhNnfsf !) jif{ b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf ljif]iftM ;8sdf cfl>t afnaflnsf tyf o'jfdf u/]sf] ;j]{If0f cg';f/ )=*^ k|ltztdf PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0f b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm ;j]{If0fdf # ;o %) hgf afnaflnsf tyf o'jfnfO{ ;xeflu u/fOPsf] lyof] . h;dWo] @ ;o ** hgf -*@=# k|ltzt_ k'?if / ^@ hgf -!&=& k|ltzt_ dlxnf /x]sf lyP .

cfdfaf6 gjhft lzz'df PrcfO{eL÷P8\; ;+qmd0f lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu ;+qmd0f /f]syfd cyf{t lk|e]G;g ckm db/ 6' rfON8 6«fG;ld;g -kL=Pd=6L=;L=6L=_ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt afnaflnsfdWo] $@ lhNnfdf sl/a !#%) hgfsf] kxrfg e} k|df0fLs/0f ePsf !##( hgfnfO{ k|lt dlxgf ?= !))) sf b/n] ;xof]u eO/x]sf] 5 . $@ j6} lhNnfsf PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt afnaflnsf /x]sf] ;d'bfodf ;d'bfo :ofxf/ s]Gb| / 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/sf] Joj:yf÷sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . o; s]Gb|n] pQm afnaflnsfsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;dGjo tyf lhNnf:t/df hfgsf/L lbg] / yk ;xof]u cfjZostf ePsf afnaflnsf klxrfg u/L :jf:Yo, kf]if0f / cf}ifwLpkrf/sf] ;xof]usf nflu ;dGjo ug]{ ub{5 eg] cfjZostfg';f/ cf}ifwLpkrf/ z'? ul/Psf afnaflnsf / lghsf] cleefjsnfO{ pQm s]Gb|df ;fdfGotM !% lbg;Ddsf] cfjf;Lo ;]jf;d]t k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf afnaflnsfsf] nflu h6Ln pkrf/ / yk kf]if0fsf] ;xof]u k|bfg ul/G5 . pknAw


hfgsf/L cg';f/ sf7df08f}df $, nlntk'/df # / kf]v/fdf ! u/L hDdf * j6f afnu[xx¿df PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt ̂ & afns / $( aflnsf u/L hDdf ! ;o !^ hgf afnalnsfnfO{ cfjf;;lxt lzIff, :jf:Yonufotsf cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ub}{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt afnaflnsflj?4sf] nfG5gf / e]befj Go"gLs/0f ug'{ / lghx¿sf] cfjf; b]ze/L ;a{q 5l/Psfn] 3/3/df ;]jf k'¥ofpg' tyf o;sf] cg'udg ug'{ clt r'gf}tLk"0f{ /xsf] 5 . nfG5gf / e]befjsf] sf/0f o:tf afnaflnsfsf] hLjg si7s/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

;du|df, afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L nlIft of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ̂ * lhNnfdf ljsf;sf ;xsdL{;F+usf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ lszf]/lszf]/Ld}qL agfpg] qmddf /fli6«o of}g tyf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo sfo{qmdnfO{ yk hf]8 lbO/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;af6 afn:jf:Yodf k|efjsf/L k|of; ePsf] b]lvG5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL :jf:Yosf] If]qdf ePsf pNn]vgLo k|of;sf glthf ;sf/fTds b]lvPsf 5g\ . tyfkL PrcfO{eL÷P8\;af6 ;+qmldt afnaflnsfsf nflu ul/Psf] at{dfg c:yfO{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;fna;fnL sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ / o; ljifodf /fli6«o cWoog ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .


afn;+/If0f

#=! kl/ro

o; kl/R5]bdf afn;+/If0fcGtu{t afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, ;fdflhs, g}lts tyf af}l4s ljsf;df uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf sfo{ jf Jojxf/af6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{, afnaflnsfdfly cfOkg]{ s'g} klg hf]lvd tyf xflg, Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg]h:tf ljifonfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw ;g\ !(*( df ePsf afn;+/If0f ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ h:t}, afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f -Wff/f $_, cfdfafa'af6 :ofxf/ -wf/f %_, hGdbtf{, gfd / /fli6«otf jf klxrfg -Wff/f & / *_, cleefjsaf6 cnUofpg gx'g] -Wff/f (_, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng -wf/f !)_, uf]kgLotfsf] xssf] ;+/If0f -Wff/f !^_, ;a} k|sf/sf] lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f -wf/f !(_, kfl/jfl/s :ofxf/sf] jftfj/0f gePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if jf a}slNks :ofxf/ -wf/f @)_, wd{ ;Gtfg -wf/f @!_, z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf -Wff/f @@_, afn>d -wf/f #@_, nfu" cf}ifw b"Jo{;g -wf/f ##_, of}g zf]if0f -wf/f #$_, ckx/0f / a]rlavg -wf/f #%_, y'gf / ;hfo -wf/f #&_, o'4 / ;z:q åGå -wf/f #*_, kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf -wf/f #(_, afnGofo -wf/f $)_ nufotsf ljifox¿df pknAw ePsf tYo–tYofÍ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

#=@ afn>d

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f afn>d d'Qm ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu ljleGg P]g sfg"gsf] Joj:yfsf ;fy} cg'udg tyf lgodgdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]g @)%^ n] afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg

#kl/R5]b


lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . t/ !$ b]lv !^ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ egL pNn]v ul/Psf afx]ssf vf;vf; If]qdf xNsf / ljz]if ;'ljwf tyf lgu/fgLsf cfwf/df sfddf nufpg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . !$ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ eg] s'g} klg :j¿kdf >ldssf ¿kdf sfddf nufpg gx'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . t/ pd]/ 9fF6]/ afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf ;d]t ;+nUg u/fOPsf 36gfx¿ klg k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ .

o;cl3 th"{df ul/Psf] afn>d ;DaGwL /fli6«o u'?of]hgf -@))$–@)!$_ sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog eg] x'g ;s]g . bf];|f] /fli6«o u'?of]hgf -@)!^–@)@^_ sf] d:of}bf clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds Pjd\ ;+j]ufTds nufot ;du| afnljsf;df c;/ k'¥ofpg] vfnsf >dhGo sfo{df nufpg' afn>d xf] . o:tf sfo{n] afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff / :jf:Yosf] kx'Fraf6 6f9f /fV5 / pgLx¿sf] :jefljs afnfkgdf cj/f]w l;h{gfdfq geO{ l;+uf] eljio g} cFWof/f] agfpF5 . lzIff / l;h{gfTds lqmofsnfkdf nfUg'kg]{ slnnf afnaflnsfnfO{ s'g} klg lgx'Fdf s8f >d ug{ afWo u/fOg' :jLsfo{ x'g ;Sb}g . tyfkL afn>dsf lgs[i6 :j¿kx¿ ljZje/L g} Pp6f 7"nf] ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 / g]kfn klg o;sf] ckjfb aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ljleGg pBf]u, Joj;fo, snsf/vfgf, /]i6'/]G6, oftfoft If]q, lgdf{0f If]q, s[lif cflb ;a}h;f] Jo;flos If]qdf dfq xf]Og 3/–3/df klg afnaflnsfnfO{ >ddf nufOg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf clwsf+z >d If]qx¿df afn>d /x]sf 5g\\ . oBkL cf}krfl/s Pjd\ ;+ul7t If]q eGbf cgf}krfl/s If]qx¿df afn>lds a9L dfqfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\\ .

cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g cGtu{t /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(&# -g+= !#*_, / lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !((( -g+= !*@_ nfO{ qmdzM ;g\ @))# / @))$ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(&# -g+= !#*_ n] /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/ !% jif{ -ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf !$ jif{_ tf]s]sf] 5, h'g pd]/ clgjfo{ lzIff k|fKt ug]{ pd]/ a/fa/ x'g'kb{5 . lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !((( -g+ !*@_ n] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;a} k|sf/sf] bf;Tj jf ;f] ;/xsf] Joj;fo h:t} afnaflnsfsf] a]rljvg, C0f aw'Fjf, afnhˆtLk"0f{ jf clgjfo{ ¿kn] afWotfdf u/fOg] >d jf afnaflnsfnfO{ a]Zofj[lQsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOFb}g eg]sf] 5 . ank"j{ssf] >d pGd"ng ;DaGwL dxf;lGw @))! -g+= !@(_, cGt/f{li6«o >d:t/ sfof{Gjog clej[l4 ug{ lqkIfLo ;xdlt ;DaGwL dxf;lGw @))! -g+= !$$_ df klg g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 .


afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)%^ cg';f/ g]kfndf !$ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufpg kfOFb}g, o; ljk/Lt s;}n] sfddf nufPdf # dlxgf;Dd s}b jf !) xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 . !$–!^ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfnfO{ xNsf vfnsf sfddf nufpFbf cfdfafa' jf cleefjssf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{, To;sf] hfgsf/L >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg'kg]{, lbgsf] ^ 306feGbf a9L tyf /fltdf sfddf nufpg gx'g] nufotsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 t/ !^ jif{eGbf d'lgsfnfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ >ddf eg] nufpg gx'g] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; ljk/Lt s;}n] hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufPdf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf %) xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

rf}wf}+ of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$–@)&%÷&^_ sf] cfwf/kqdf afn >d;DaGwL gLlt, sfg"g / sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 / lgs[i6 afn>d lgjf/0f / afn>d Go"gLs/0fsf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L afn >ldsx¿sf] p4f/ / k'gM:yfkgf ul/g]5 eGg] pNn]v x'g'n] afn>d /fli6«o k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] kfOG5 .

g]kfnsf] /fli6«o hg;+Vof, @)^* sf cg';f/ ! nfv $ xhf/ & ;o !$ hgf afnaflnsf -afnsM %^ xhf/ @ ;o ̂ & / aflnsf $* xhf/ $ ;o $&_ sfdsfhdf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ax'If]qLo sN:6/ ;j]{If0f -MICS_ @)!$ sf cg';f/ % b]lv !& jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf #&=$ k|ltzt afnaflnsf afn>ddf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . % b]lv !! jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf slDtdf ! 306f sfdsfhdf ;+nUg @&=( k|ltzt -afnsM @(=( / aflnsfM @^=%_ afnaflnsf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . !@ b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf sfdsfhdf ;+nUg !$ 306feGbf sd $$=@ k|ltzt -afnsM $#=$ / aflnsfM $$=*_ !$ 306feGbf a9L !%=@ k|ltzt -afnsM !@=# / aflnsfM !&=^_ afnaflnsf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . !% b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf sfdsfhdf ;+nUg $# 306feGbf sd ^!=# k|ltzt -afnsM %*=% / aflnsfM ^$=$_, $# 306feGbf a9L @=^ k|ltzt -afnsM @=! / aflnsfM #=!_ afnaflnsf /x]sf] 5 . cfO{Pnf] k|ltj]bg, @)!@ sf cg';f/ !# xhf/ & ;o !% hgf -!*=@ k|ltzt hDdf &% xhf/ ! ;o ^( >ldsdWo]_ afnaflnsf pkTosfleq afn>ldssf] ¿kdf sfo{/t /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

afn>d k|of]u x'g] If]qx¿dWo] O{§f pBf]u klg Ps xf], hxfF afnaflnsf hf]lvdk"0f{ >d ul//x]sf 5g\\ . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] /fli6«o k|ltj]bg @)!#–@)!% cg';f/ O{§f pBf]udf pkTosfdf !# xhf/ & ;o !% / pkTosf aflx/ !$ xhf/ ^ ;o !* hgf afn>lds /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . O{§f pBf]unfO{ afn>d d'Qm agfpg] s]xL k|of;x¿ klg xF'b} cfPsf / s]xL ;sf/fTds kl/0ffdx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\\ . lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt eQmk'/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ljleGg


lgsfo, ;+3;+:yfsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf eQmk'/ lhNnfnfO{ afn>d d'Qm lhNnf agfpg] p4]Zosf ;fy hf/L ul/Psf] kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlt–kq sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] 5 .

3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf tyf cleefjssf] C0fsf sf/0f afnaflnsf >lds Pjd\ sltko cj:yfdf awF'jf ;/xsf] ¿kdf ;d]t k|of]u ePsf 5g\\ . jo:ssf] t'ngfdf afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufpg ;xh x'g] / yf]/} tnadf nfdf] ;do;Dd klg >ddf nufpg ;lsg]nufotsf sf/0f afn>dsf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf sf/0f >dzlQmsf] cefj ePsf a]nf gfOs] jf 7]s]bf/x¿n] ljleGg cfly{s k|nf]eg b]vfO{ afnaflnsfnfO{ ljsNksf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf afn>d al9/x]sf] / >dsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;d]t afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . g]kfndf afn>dsf af/]df ljleGg ljifout If]qx¿df n3' cWoog ePsf] b]lvP klg lj:t[t cWoogsf] vfFrf] dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

#=# ;8s afnaflnsf

g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf o; jif{ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ;8s afnaflnsf d'Qm cleofg sfo{qmd ;~rfng kZrft\ ;8sdf cfl>t /xg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ;8s afnaflnsf /xg] ljleGg @) k|d'v If]qdf # ;o $@ ;Ddsf] ;+Vofdf ;8s afnaflnsf /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

sf7df08f} pkTosfsf cltl/Qm g]kfnsf cGo s]xL zx/L If]qx¿df klg ;8s afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ . lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt, sf:sLsf cg';f/ cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df kf]v/fdf ! ;o !! hgf ;8s afnaflnsf /x]sf lyP . lj/f6gu/, O6x/L, w/fg, gf/fo0fu9, a'6jnnufotsf zx/x¿df ;8s afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ eg] sltko If]qdf zx/Ls/0fsf] ljsf; ;Fu;Fu} ;8sdf ljleGg :j¿kdf afnaflnsf cfl>t x'g yfn]sf] o; jif{ klg b]lvPsf] 5 .

;8s afnaflnsf ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg dfu{bz{g, @)&@ cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg ;Dks{ u[x / ;fdflhsLs/0f s]Gb|x¿dfkm{t\ ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, ;+/If0f dgf]ljdz{ ;]jf, ;fdflhsLs/0f, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng, k'gM:yfkgf tyf k'gP{sLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿ k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u sfo{qmdnfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ :yfgLo txdf g} afnclwsf/;DaGwL ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~Rffng ug]{ tyf ;8s afnaflnsfsf] Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfh;+usf] ;dGjo, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df ;~rfng


x'g ;s]sf]n] g} pkTosfdf ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd b]vf k/]sf] xf] . oBkL, ;8s afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf sfo{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

sf7df08f} pkTosfnfO{ ;8s afnaflnsf d'Qm agfpg] cleofg sfo{qmd cGtu{t @)&@ df3 !* ut] /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfx¿df ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;Dks{ u[x, ;fdflhsLs/0f s]Gb| / nfu' cf}ifw k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb|sf] ;~rfngsf nflu s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] k|:tfj cfXjfg u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5sf lbgdf ;8s afnaflnsfsf] Joj:yfkg / cg'udg;DaGwL lg/Gt/ k|of;s} kmn:j¿k @)&# a}zfv @& ut]b]lv cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;8saf6 afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ sfo{ k|f/De eO;s]sf] 5 . To;otf afnaflnsfsf] cfjf;Lo ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg sfo{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;~rfng 5 .

o; cleofgdf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, dxfgu/Lo k|x/L sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{fno sf7df08f}, afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb| !)$, sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsf, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt sf7df08f} / nlntk'/, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no sf7df08f+}, afnx]NknfOg !)(* nufotsf lgsfox¿sf] / ;DalGwt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿aLrsf] ;dGjo pNn]vgLo 5 .

afnaflnsf ;8s a:g' kb}{g, ;8s a:g x'Fb}g eGg] pb\3f]ifsf ;fy ;8sdf /x]sf afnaflnsf ;d]tnfO{ k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmddf k"j{;"lrt ul/Pkl5 sf7df08f} pkTosfsf vf;u/L sn+sL, 7d]n, e"uf]nkfs{, l;+xb/jf/, eQmk'/, sf]6]Zj/, dxf+sfn, v'nfd~r, af}4, uf}zfnf, nf]sGynL, kz'klt If]q, k'Nrf]s, e08f/vfn, k'/fgf] a;kfs{, /Tgkfs{, :joDe', hfjnfv]n, nugv]n, Ujfsf]{h:tf :yfgx¿af6 ;8s afnaflnsf p4f/ ul/Psf 5g\\ . pNn]lvt :yfgx¿af6 xfn;Dd @ ;o &$ afns / %@ aflnsf u/L hDdf # ;o @^ hgf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 / ;Dks{ u[xx¿sf] kxndf &( hgf afns u/L s"n $ ;o % hgf ;8s afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 / of] qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

p4f/ ul/Psf ;8s afnaflnsfdWo] xfn *& afns / @@ aflnsf u/L hDdf ! ;o ( hgf afnaflnsfn] ;+:yfdf g} a;]/ ljBfno lzIff lnO/x]sf 5g\\ eg] * afns / ! aflnsf u/L hDdf ( hgf afnaflnsf ljleGg lsl;dsf l;kd"ns tflnddf ;xefuL 5g\\ . To;}u/L ! ;o @) afns / ! aflnsf u/L hDdf ! ;o @! hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/df k'gM:yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 eg] xfn ljleGg ;Dks{ u[x / ;fdflhsLs/0f s]Gb|x¿df ! ;o #* afns / @* hgf aflnsfx¿ u/L hDdf ! ;o ̂ ^ hgf afnaflnsf ;fdflhsLs/0fsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf 5g\\ . p4f/ u/L ;fdflhsLs/0fsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf afnaflnsfdWo] @@ hgf aflnsf / * hgf afns u/L


hDdf #) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ sf7df08f} l:yt nfu'cf}ifw k'gM:yfkgf s]Gb|df /flvPsf] 5 .

xfn;Dd p4f/ ul/Psf ;8s afnaflnsfdWo] a|fXd0f If]qL #$ k|ltzt, cflbaf;L hghflt $^ k|ltzt, blnt !& k|ltzt / dw]zL # k|ltzt /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf $M ;8saf6 p4f/ ul/Psf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof

p4f/ ul/Psf] afnaflnsf afns aflnsf hDdf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltdfkm{t 274 52 326;Dks{ u[xaf6 79 0 79p4f/ ul/Psf] afnaflnsf 353 52 405kl/jf/df k'gM:yfkgf ul/Psf 120 1 121;+:yfdf g} a;]/ ljBfno lzIff lnO/x]sf 87 22 109ljleGg lsl;dsf ;Lkd"ns tflnddf ;xefuL 8 1 9;fdflhsLs/0fsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf 138 28 166


o;}u/L lg/If/ @$ k|ltzt / ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{;Sg] &^ k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8sdf cfPsf afnaflnsf dWo] %# k|ltztsf afa'cfdf b'j} hLljt /x]sf], ## k|ltztsf] afa'cfdfdWo] Ps hLljt /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] afa'cfdf b'j} gePsf & k|ltzt / afa'cfdfsf] cj:yfaf/] yfxf gePsf] & k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8sdf cfPsf afnaflnsfdWo] sf7df08f}, sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfaf6 t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9L b]lvG5 eg] cGo lhNnfnufot ef/taf6 ;d]t klg afnaflnsf sf7df08f}sf] ;8sdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;8sdf /xg] aflnsfx¿ yf]/} ePtf klg pgLx¿ clws hf]lvddf /xg] u/]sf 5g\ . p4f/sf qmddf sfv] 5f]/L ;lxtsL Ps aflnsf / b'O{ ue{jtL aflnsfx¿ klg e]l6Psf 5g\ .

#=$ afnljjfx

afnljjfx pRr /x]sf d'n'sx¿dWo] g]kfn cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf] 5 . blIf0f Plzofdf g]kfn a+unfb]z / ef/tkl5 t]>f] :yfgdf kb{5 . g]kfndf ljjfxsf nflu sfg"gL ¿kdf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd pd]/ gk'Ub} ljjfx ug]{ k|rng afnclwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] ;Gbe{df uDeL/ r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . d'n'sL P]g -P3f/f+} ;+zf]wg @)%*_ @)@) n] ljjfx ubf{ dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] pd]/ ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L eP c7f/ jif{ / ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L geP aL; jif{ gk'uL ljjfxjf/L ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf u/]sf]df xfn ;f]df ;d]t ;'wf/ u/L ;+/Ifssf] d~h'/L ePklg gePklg ljjfx ug]{ Go"gtd pd]/ "s]xL g]kfn


sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@" cg';f/ @) jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 .

afnaflnsfpk/ x'g] lx+;flj?4sf] blIf0f PlzofnL kxnn] g]kfnnufot ;fs{ d'n'sx¿df afnljjfx cGTosf nflu If]qLo sfo{of]hgf -@)!%–@)!*_ ;d]t tof/ u/]sf]] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿sf] sfo{;"rL -@)!^–#)_ df afnljjfx cGTo ug]{ ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf]] kk'n];g df]gf]u|fkm, ;g\ @)!$, efu @ -;fdflhs hg;f+lVosL_ cg';f/ !) b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfdWo] @^=# k|ltztsf] ljjfx ePsf] b]lvG5 .

tflnsf %M pd]/ ;d"xcg';f/ afnljjfxsf] l:ylt, @)^* -k|ltztdf_

!)–!$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"x !%–!^ jif{ pd]/ ;d"x !&–!* jif{ pd]/ ;d"x !)–!* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xafns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf0=5 1=1 0=8 2=4 8=8 5=6 9=0 30=5 19=9 11=9 40=4 26=3

;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, kk'n];g df]gf]u|fkm, efu @, ;g\ @)!$

dflysf] tflnsfsf] cfwf/df !) b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfdWo] !& / !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx s"n afnljjfxsf] &%=^^ k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . !) b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xdf x'g] ljjfx k|foM guGo cj:yfdf k'Ug'nfO{ eg] ;sf/fTds lbzftkm{ pGd'v ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

afnljjfxsf] cGTo ug]{ k|of;sf qmddf @)&@ kmfu'g @* ut] g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnoåf/f to ul/Psf] afnljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@ kfl/t ul/;s]sf] 5 . afnljjfxlj?4sf gLltut ljifox¿ ljutsf /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfx¿b]lv g} ;dfj]z x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\\ .

afnljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o gLlt th'{df ug]{ ;Gbe{df dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / o'lg;]kmsf] ;+o'Qm kxndf ;g\ @)!$ df afnljjfx a9L x'g] b}n]v, aemfª, a}t8L, slknj:t', /f}tx6 / ;Kt/Lnufotsf ̂ j6f lhNnfdf !@ ;o 3/w'/Ldf ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fsf] ;f/f+z k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ ^% k|ltzt aflnsfsf] !* jif{ gk'Ub} ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] / !* k|ltzt aflnsfsf] !% jif{ leq} ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L pQm pd]/ ;d"xleq ljjfx x'g] aflnsfx¿df $* k|ltzt blnt / %@ k|ltzt u}/blnt /x]sf 5g\\ . pQm lhNnfx¿dWo] !* jif{ gk'Ub} ljjfx x'g]df ;Kt/Ldf ;a}eGbf a9L *@ k|ltzt 5 eg] aemfªdf ;a}eGbf sd %( k|ltzt aflnsfsf]] ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] 5 . !% jif{leq ljjfx x'g] a9L / sd lhNnfx¿df klg


;Kt/L / aemfª lhNnfx¿ kb{5g\\ . afnljjfx s;/L x'g] u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;Gbe{df ^! k|ltztsf] cleefjsåf/f ljjfx u/fOPsf] kfOG5 eg] ## k|ltzt cfkm'v'zL ljjfx ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ^ k|ltzt aflnsfsf] ha/h:tL ljjfx ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfkm'v'zL ljjfx ug]{x¿sf] cWoog cg';f/ blnt ;d'bfodf #@ k|ltzt / u}/ blnt ;d'bfodf @( k|ltzt afnljjfx x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

;g\ @)#) ;Dddf afnljjfxsf] cGTo ug{ to ul/Psf] /fli6«o /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnonufot g]kfn ;/sf/sf !! dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] k|efjsf/L e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o /0fgLltdf aflnsf / lszf]/Lsf] ;zQmLs/0f zLif{s cGtu{t /fli6«ob]lv :yfgLo:t/;Ddsf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qaLr ;dGjo u/L ljjflxt / cljjflxt afnaflnsf ljz]if u/L ljBfno aflx/ /x]sf aflnsf / pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg cfjZos ;|f]t / cj;/x¿sf] klxrfg u/L pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . /0fgLltn] afnljjfxd'Qm :yfgLo lgsfosf] cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . o; /0fgLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu o;sf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0fflwg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn k|x/Lsf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ ut cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df g]kfn k|x/Ldf hDdf @# j6fdfq afnljjfxsf] ph'/L k/]sf] lyof] eg] o; cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df ax'ljjfxsf $ ;o ^# j6f 36gfdWo] !* jif{d'gLsf kfFrhgf -!=! k|ltzt_ aflnsf ax'ljjfxaf6 kLl8t ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] !! b]lv !^ jif{ pd]/sf tLg hgf aflnsf / !& b]lv !* jif{sf b'O{ hgf aflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ . afnljjfxsf 36gfsf ;DaGwdf k|x/Ldf Hofb} sd kl/df0fdf ph'/L btf{ x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . afnljjfxsf] /f]syfdsf lbzfdf ph'/L gx'g] ;d:of klg k|d'v r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ph'/L g} Hofb} sd kg]{ ePsf]n] o; ck/fwsf ;Gbe{df sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmof klg pNn]vgLo ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] kfOFb}g .


g]kfnsf] /fli6«o hg;f+lVosL tyf :jf:Yo ;e{] -@)!!_ cg';f/ ;g\ @))! Dff !% b]lv !( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xdf cljjflxt dlxnf ^) k|ltzt /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!! Dff &! k|ltzt k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . o; cfwf/df sd pd]/df ljjfx ug]{ qmd qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . o;}u/L g]kfndf @) b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf $! k|ltzt dlxnfx¿sf] ljjfx !* jif{ k'Ug' cufj} x'g] u/]sf] tYo k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . /fi6«;+3Lo hg;+Vof sf]ifsfcg';f/ u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ dWo] $# k|ltzt / zx/df a:g] @& k|ltzt dlxnfn] !* jif{ gk'Ub} ljjfx u5{g\ . k|j]lzsf jf ;f] eGbf w]/} k9]sf dlxnfx¿sf] ljjfx ug]{ ;/b/ pd]/ @@ jif{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ljBfno guPsf dlxnfx¿sf] ljjfx ug]{ ;/b/ pd]/ !& jif{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ax'If]qLo Sn:6/ ;j]{If0f, @)!$ sf cg';f/ !% jif{d'gL !%=% k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] !* jif{d'gL $*=% k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L !% b]lv !( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf @$=% afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . afnljjfxaf6 afnssf t'ngfdf aflnsf a9L kLl8t x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . @) b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf $! k|ltzt dlxnfx¿sf] ljjfx !* jif{ k'Ug' cufj} ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] o;sf] t'ngfdf oxL pd]/ ;d"xsf !! k|ltztdfq k'?ifx¿sf] ljjfx !* jif{eGbf sd pd]/df ePsf] kfOG5 . afnljjfxlj?4sf r]tgf hfu/0f cleofg s]Gb|b]lv ;d'bfo:t/;Dd ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . tyfkL ;DalGwt k|efljt If]qdf ;d'bfon] a'‰g] u/L afnljjfxsf gsf/fTds kIfx¿nfO{ :ki6 u/fpb} hfg' cfjZos 5 .

g]kfndf afnljjfxlj?4 ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]q / afnSnadfkm{t\ :jod\ afnaflnsf ;d]t lqmoflzn x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k ;d'bfodf sltko x'g nfu]sf afnljjfx /f]Sg'sf ;fy} afnljjfx ePsf] cj:yfdf ef]h alxisf/ ;d]t u/]sf] hfgsf/L kfOPsf] 5 .

o'lg;]kmsf] :6]6 ckm b jN8{;\ lrN8«]g @)!% sG6«L :6fl6l:6sn OGkmd{];g @)!% df ;d]l6Psf] ;g\ @))% b]lv @)!# ;Ddsf] tYofÍn] g]kfndf s"n ljjflxtx¿dWo] !)=! k|ltzt !% jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;f]xL k|ltj]bgcg';f/ g]kfndf !* jif{d'gLsf ljjflxtx¿ $)=& k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\\ .


;]e b lrN8]«g, Knfg g]kfn / jN8{ lehgn] @)!@ df u/]sf] g]kfn afnljjfx ;j]{If0fsf cg';f/ ̂ & k|ltzt aflnsfsf] cleefjssf] bafjdf ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L !$ k|ltzt afnssf] ljjfx 3/sf] sfdsfhdf ;3fp k'uf];\ eGg] p4]Zon] ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . t/ afnljjfx ug]{ afnaflnsfdWo] #@ k|ltzt afnaflnsfn] k|]d ;DaGwsf sf/0f ljjfx ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . oL ljljw tYofÍn] g]kfndf afnljjfx Ps uxg ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . pknAw tYofÍx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ afnljjfx cleefjssf] bafjsf sf/0fdfq} geO{ sl/a Ps ltxfO afnljjfx cfkm'v';L ;d]t x'g]u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ctM afnljjfxn] k'¥ofpg] ;du| xflgsf af/]df ljz]iftM aflnsfnfO{ g} ;r]t u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

jL/u~hsL !% jifL{of l/+s" 7fs'/n] afnljjfxlj?4 aflnsf :jod\ hfu?s ePsf] cj:yfdf s'k|yfsf] /f]syfd ;Dej x'g ;Sg] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sL l5g\ . l/+s"n] jfnljjfxsf lj?4df csf6\o ts{ k|:t't ubf{ klg cleefjssf] lg0f{odf kl/jt{g gx'g] b]v]kl5 3/kl/jf/af6 cnu x'g] ljsNk c+uflng\ . To;kl5sf lbgdf pgL ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ;+/If0fdf /xL cfˆgf] cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sL 5g\ . . cfˆgf] ljjfx u/fpg] tof/Lsf] k|lt/f]w ub}{ pgn] cleefjs / ;dfhnfO{ ultnf] kf7 l;sfPsL l5g\ .

Ps gfjflnusf] o:tf] ;fxl;s lg0f{osf] ;Ddfg ub}{ @)&@ ;fndf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf g} pgsf] clegGbg u/]sf] lyof] .

#=% afnclwsf/lj?4sf 36gf, kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, zf/Ll/s / dgf]a}1flgs ;'wf/ Pjd\ kfl/jfl/s k'gM:yfkgf tyf k'gP{sLs/0f

#=%=! hLjgsf] clwsf/

afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f ^ df afnaflnsfsf] hLjgsf] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 . h;df elgPsf] 5, afFRg kfpg] k|To]s afnssf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] egL kIf /fi6«x¿ :jLsf/ u5{g\ . g]kfndf @)&@ ;fpg ! ut]b]lv )&# c;f/ #) ;Ddsf] cjlwdf afnaflnsfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf s]xL 36gf klg k|sfzdf cfP .

@)&# c;f/ !& ut] nlntk'/sf] 6f}v]nl:yt k'ikf~hnL dfWolds ljBfnosf] kvf{n elTsP/ sIff sf]7fdf 7f]lSsFbf b'O{ hgf ljBfyL{sf] Hofg uof] eg] @$ hgf ljBfyL{ 3fOt] eP . jiff{


eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf elTsPsf] kvf{nn] sIff # / * df Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . 9n]sf] kvf{nn] nfu]/ Hofg u'dfpg] ( jifL{of s[kf /fO{ / !) jifL{of c~hgf k'g du/ sIff # sf ljBfyL{ lyP . 36gfsf ;dodf b'j} sIff sf]7fdf cWoog ul//x]sf lyP . c:ktfn k'Ubfgk'Ub} b'j}sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

@)&@ ;fpg % ut] gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] s'l8of uf=lj=;= j8f g+=$ dr{xjf lgjf;L ;f]g' elgg] !) jifL{o hLjg sf]xf/nfO{ ;f]xL 7fpF lgjf;L %) jifL{o sf]bO xl/hg, &) jifL{o u+uf rdf/, #% jifL{o ;"o{dfg xl/hg, $) jifL{o ?bn xl/hgn] 3fF6L /]6]/ xTof u/] . sf]bOsf 5f]/f !* jifL{o ljho xl/hg lj/fdL ePkl5 pgnfO{ lgsf] agfpg] gfddf sf]bOsf] 3/df anL r9fpg] eGb} afnssf] 3fF6L /]l6Psf] lyof] . kLl8t afnssf] nf; @)&@ ;fpg * ut] 3/eGbf s]xL 6f9f emf8Ldf km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . cf/f]lkt sf]bOsL kTgL #$ jifL{of ljho, csf]{ 5f]/f !$ jifL{o nIdL, ?bnsL kTgL $% jifL{of j'w', 5f]/f !( jifL{o lbggfy, #% jifL{o ;"o{dfg / pgsL kTgL #) jifL{of ;'lgtf xl/hg / ;f]vfF u+uf rdf/nfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u¥of] . To;}u/L dw]; cfGbf]ngsf qmddf klg & hgf afnaflnsfsf] hLjgsf] clwsf/sf] x/0f eof] -lj:t[t ljj/0fM #=!#=# dw]; cfGbf]ng / afnclwsf/sf] ;jfn_ .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] clen]v cg';f/ afnaflnsfn] klg cfTdxTof u/]sf] 36gfx¿ kfOPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfn] clzIff, ul/aL, k9fO{df c;kmntf, dfgl;s tgfj, lg/fzf, cfj]z jf cfs|f]z cflb ljljw sf/0fx¿n] cfTdxTof u/]sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df l;/xf, k;f{, emfkf, tfKn]h'ª, ?s'd / uf]/vf u/L ^ lhNnfdf hDdf @( aflnsf / gf} afns u/L s"n #* hgf afnaflnsfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] !! b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf & aflnsf / # afns u/L bzhgfn], !% b]lv !^ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf !! aflnsf / Ps afns u/L !@ hgfn] / !& b]lv !* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf !! aflnsf / % afns u/L hDdf !^ hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ . o;af6 3/, kl/jf/ jf ;dfhdf cfOkg]{ ;d:ofaf6 afnaflnsfdf uDeL/ c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 .


#=%=@ b'Jo{jxf/ nufotsf afnclwsf/ xgg\\sf 36gf

b'Jo{jxf/ nufot afnclwsf/ xgg\sf ljljw 36gfaf6 afnaflnsf k|efljt eO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn k|x/Ldf btf{ ePsf of}g zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿nfO{ s]nfpFbf s"n 36gfdWo] cfwfeGbf a9L g} afnaflnsf kLl8t ePsf] b]lvg cfFp5 . afnaflnsflj?4 x'g] of}g zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿nfO{ d"VotofM ha/h:tL s/0fL -anfTsf/_ / ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] pBf]u -anfTsf/sf] k|of;_ sf ¿kdf d'2f btf{ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df k|x/Ldf btf{ ePsf ! xhf/ () j6f ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] 36gfdf ^@=% k|ltzt kLl8t -^ ;o *! hgf_ !* jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]udf $ ;o %@ 36gfdf !* jif{d'gLsf %*=* k|ltzt -@ ;o ^^ hgf_ afnaflnsf kLl8t /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

tflnsf ^M aflnsflj?4 of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿pd]/ ;d"x ha/h:tL s/0fL ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u

) b]lv !) 213 57!! b]lv !^ 350 165!& b]lv !* 118 44hDdf 681 266

;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfno, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, @)&#

ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t afnaflnsf -pd]/ ;d"xsf cfwf/df_ sf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf &M ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t aflnsf -If]qut tyf pd]/ ;d"xsf cfwf/df_ sf] ljj/0f

If]q !) jif{ d'lg !!–!^ jif{;Dd !&–!* jif{;Dd hDdf d'2f ;+Vof aflnsf hDdf ;+Vofk"jf{~rn 58 89 33 295 180

dWodf~rn 42 86 39 249 167klZrdf~rn 38 54 13 182 105

dWo]klZrdf~rn 35 40 15 152 90;'b"/ klZrd 12 20 4 75 36pkTosf 28 61 14 137 103hDdf 213 350 118 1090 681


Ps cfly{s jif{df hDdf ^ ;o *! hgf aflnsf ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;dWo] ;aeGbf a9L ! ;o *) k"jf{~rndf -@^=$# k|ltzt_ / ;aeGbf sd ;'b"/kl~rdf~rndf


-%=@( k|ltzt_ b]lvG5 . of] l:ylt afnlx+;fsf] qm'/tfsf] ;Í]t xf] . o:tf] l:ylt ;'wf/df yk Wofg lbg' clt h?/L 5 .

ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8tafx]s afnaflnsf ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] k|of;af6 ;d]t kLl8t x'g'k/]sf] l:ylt 5 .

tflnsf *M ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] k|of;af6 kLl8t aflnsfsf] ljj/0f

If]q !) jif{d"lg !!–!^ jif{;Dd !&–!* jif{;Dd hDdf d'2f ;+Vof afnaflnsfsf] hDdf ;+Vofk"jf{~rn 17 44 11 124 72

dWodf~rn 14 45 10 109 69klZrdf~rn 16 26 6 77 48

dWoklZrdf~rn 3 25 7 68 35;'b"/ klZrd 0 4 4 24 8pkTosf 7 21 6 50 34hDdf 57 165 44 452 266


ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] k|of;af6 kLl8tdWo] ;aeGbf a9L k"jf{~rndf / ;aeGbf sd ;'b"/ klZrdf~rndf b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] 3[l0ft cj:yfsf] af/]df ;d'bfo:t/;Dd Jofks r]tgf hfu/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts @)!^ cg';f/ @)&! k'if !& b]lv @)&@ k'if !^ ut] cyf{t ;g\ @)!% sf] cjlwdf s"n * ;o #* afnclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf 36gfdf %% hgf afns tyf & ;o *# hgf aflnsf kLl8t ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

tflnsf (M ;g\ @)!% df afnclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf 36gfdf kLl8t ;+Vof

36gfsf] k|sf/ aflnsf afns hDdfafn>d 24 22 46afnaflnsf a]rljvg 34 2 36afnljjfx 23 1 24anfTsf/ 492 - 492gjhft lzz'sf] xTof 4 8 12ljBfnodf zf/Ll/s ;hfo 7 21 28of}g b'Jo{jxf/ 199 1 200hDdf 783 55 838

;|f]tM dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts, ;g\ @)!^


;g\ @)!% df $ ;o (@ aflnsf anfTs[t eP eg] @ ;ohgf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t eP . ;g\ @)!$ df !& jif{;Ddsf % ;o @% hgf afnaflnsf anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ ePsf] clen]v ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!$ df afnclwsf/ pNn+3g tyf Hofbltsf s"n ( ;o $) 36gfdf &^ hgf afns tyf * ;o ^$ hgf aflnsf kLl8t ePsf lyP .

#=^ x/fPsf÷km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsf / p4f/ tyf k'gM:yfkgf

#=^=! x/fPsf, km]nf k/]sf / j]jfl/; afnaflnsf -afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb| !)$_

afnaflnsf ckx/0f / x/fpg] h:tf afnck/fwsf 36gfsf] cGTo ug{ / afnaflnsfdfly x'g] ;a}k|sf/sf ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ lgsfo tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df Ps bzscl3 :yflkt afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb|n] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df klg k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\, g]kfn k|x/L, gful/s ;dfh Pjd\ /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] kxndf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] s]Gb|df z'Ns gnfUg] kmf]g gDa/ !)$ dfkm{t\ x/fPsf afnaflnsf nufotsf ;"rgf lbg ;lsG5 . pQm kmf]g ;]jf g]kfn ;/sf/ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, g]kfn k|x/L, ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, g]kfn 6]lnsd, Pg;]nnufot ljleGg lgsfo Pjd\ ;+3;+:yfsf] kxndf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb| ;~rfngsf nflu k|x/L pk/LIfssf] g]t[Tjdf !! hgf g]kfn k|x/Lsf / ( hgf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf sd{rf/Lx¿ /x]sf 5g\\ .

tflnsf ( df b]vfOPcg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df x/fPsf s"n ! xhf/ % ;o @ afnaflnsfdWo] $ ;o * afnaflnsf km]nf kl/;s]sf 5g\\ eg] ! xhf/ ! ;o $ hgf afnaflnsfsf] vf]hL sfo{ hf/L 5 . vf]htnf; hf/L /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof pkTosf aflx/af6 km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f k|fKt gePsf]n] pRr b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ pkTosf l:yt s]Gb|df x/fPsf] lgj]bg k/]sf @ ;o $) hgf afnaflnsfdWo] ! ;o (% hgf km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . $% afnaflnsfsf] vf]htnf; hf/L 5 eg] Pshgf afns d[t cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf lyP .


tflnsf !)M afnaflnsf x/fPsf, km]nf k/]sf / vf]htnf; hf/L /x]sf] cj:yf, @)&@÷)&#

ljsf; If]qx/fPsf x/fPsf dWo] km]nf k/]sf vf]htnf; hf/L

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdfk"jf{~rn !## @*% $!* @! $% ^^ !!@ @$) @%@

dWodf~rnpkTosf !^& &# @$) !## ^@ !(% #$ !! $%p k T os f afx]s

*^ !&& @^# !& ## %) ^( !$$ @!#

klZrdf~rn (& @)& #)$ !& #) $& *) !&& @%&

dWo klZrdf~rn *$ !!^ @)) ^ @^ #@ &* () !^*

;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ## $$ && ( ( !* @$ $% ^(

hDdf ^)) ()@ !%)@ @)# @)% $)* #(& &)& !!)$

;|f]t M afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb|, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, @)&#

kfFr ljsf; If]qx¿aLr t'ngf ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf] dWodf~rndf ;a}eGbf a9L % ;o # afnaflnsf x/fPsf] b]lvG5 eg] ;a}eGbf sd hg;+Vof ePsf] ;"b'/ klZrdf~rndf ;a}eGbf sd && hgf afnaflnsf x/fPsf] b]lvG5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf] c;f/ d;fGt;Dd x/fPsf ! xhf/ % ;o @ afnaflnsfdWo] vf]htnf;kl5 $ ;o * hgf km]nf k/] . @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sf7df08f} pkTosfl:yt s]Gb|df ! ;o ^& afns / &# aflnsf ;lxt @ ;o $) hgf x/fPsf] lgj]bg btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . tLdWo] ! ;o ## afns / ^@ aflnsf u/L ! ;o (% afnaflnsf vf]htnf;kl5 km]nf k/] . To;}u/L pkTosfafx]s kfFr ljsf; If]qaf6 @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd $ ;o ## afns / * ;o @( hgf aflnsf u/L hDdf ! xhf/ @ ;o ^@ afnaflnsf x/fPsf ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . tLdWo] &) afns / ! ;o $# aflnsf u/L hDdf @ ;o !# hgf afnaflnsf km]nf k/]sf 5g\ .

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# sf] c;f/ d;fGt;Dd s]Gb|sf] tYofÍdf clelnlvt # ;o $* j]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsfdWo] @ ;o $) hgfnfO{ cleefjssf] lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof] . afFsL ! ;o * hgf ;+/If0f u[xdf k7fOPsf 5g\\ .

pkTosf l:yt vf]htnf; s]Gb|df ! ;o &) afns / ^( aflnsf u/L hDdf @ ;o #( afnaflnsf j]jfl/; jf cnkq cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf lyP . km]nf k/]nuQ}b]lv s]Gb|sf] ;+/If0fdf /xg yfn]sf dWo] ! ;o !* afns / ## aflnsf u/L ! ;o %@ afnaflnsfnfO{


cleefjssf] lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof] . tLdWo] $% hgf afns / @* aflnsf u/L hDdf &# afnaflnsf ljleGg ;+/If0f u[xdf /xL cfPsf 5g\\ . t/ ^ afns / * aflnsf u/L !$ hgf ljleGg afnsNof0f u[xaf6 cfkm'v'zL efu]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

pkTosf afx]s kfFr ljsf; If]qaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ && afns / #@ aflnsf u/L ! ;o ( hgf j]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsfdWo] ^# hgf afns / @% hgf aflnsf u/L hDdf ** hgfnfO{ cleefjssf] lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof] . tLdWo] !$ hgf afns / ^ hgf aflnsf u/L @) afnaflnsf ljleGg ;+/If0f u[xdf cf>o lnO/x]sf 5g\\\ .

tflnsf !!M a]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f

hDdf a]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf

hDdf kl/jf/df k'gM:yfkgf ul/Psf

xfn af‘sL ;+/If0f u[xdf /x]sf ;+/If0f u[xaf6 efu]sf

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf@$& !)! #$* !*@ %* @$) %( #% ($ ^ * !$

;|f]t M afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb|, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, @)&#

#=^=@ p4f/ tyf kfl/jfl/s k'gM:yfkgf

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] p4f/, /fxt, dgf]ljdz{, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng, k'gMPsLs/0f tyf k'gM:yfkgf nufotsf sfo{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltåf/f afns & / aflnsf !$ u/L hDdf @! hgf >lds afnaflnsfnfO{ p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 .

afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^( df afnx]NknfOgsf af/]df :ki6 ¿kdf æ;+/If0f tyf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf nflu tTsfn ;xfotf pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu x]NknfOg÷x6nfOgh:tf ;]jfsf] k|j4{g ul/g]5 . lgMz'Ns afnx]NknfOg kmf]g g+= !)(* nfO{ ;a} lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug'{sf ;fy} o;nfO{ ;fs{ If]qsf /fi6«x¿sf ;femf lgMz'Ns afnx]NknfOgdf kl/0ft ug]{;d]t k|of; ul/g]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] ;+of]hgdf ljleGg kfFrj6f ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df sf7df08f}, df]/ª, dsjfgk'/, afFs], sf:sL, s}nfnL, lrtjg, ndh'ª, pbok'/, ¿kGb]xL / ;'v]{t u/L b]zsf !! lhNnfdf afnx]NknfOg cyf{t lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g gDa/ bz gf} cf7 k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . ljutdfem}+ of] jif{ klg afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Daw{gsf nflu x]NknfOg k|efjsf/L ;fljt ePsf] 5 .


afnclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf] cj:yfdf l56f]–5l/tf] / afnd}qL 9Ën] afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f, p4f/ / cfjZos cfkTsfnLg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] k|efjsf/L ;+/rgf afnx]NknfOg xf] . afnx]NknfOg ljZjsf ! ;o #$ eGbf a9L b]zx¿df ;~rfng eO{ afn;+/If0f k|0ffnLsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ cª\usf ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnoaf6 afnx]NknfOg ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)^$ hf/L eO{ ;/sf/åf/f afnx]NknfOgnfO{ k};f gnfUg] kmf]g gDa/ !)(* pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] ;+of]hsTjdf afnx]NknfOg !)(* sf] s]Gb|Lo lgb]{zg ;ldltsf] u7g eO{ ;f]sf] ;lrjfno s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltdf /x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsf;d]tsf nflu ;Demg ;lhnf] xf];\ eGgsf nflu kmf]g gDa/ !)(* sf] pRrf/0f æbz gf} cf7Æ egL ul/G5 h'g blIf0f Pl;ofsf b]zx¿sf] afnx]NknfOgsf] ;femf gDa/sf ¿kdf qmdzM :yflkt x'Fb}5 .

g]kfndf klxnf] k6s u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 k|f/De ePsf] afnaflnsfsf] cfkt\sfnLg p4f/ ;xof]u tyf k/fdz{sf nflu ;g\ !(*( df :yflkt l;ljg x]NknfOgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ afnx]NknfOgdf kl/0ft u/L ;g\ @))& af6 /fHosf] ;+/rgf leq cfPsf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf kfFrj6f ;+:yfx¿n] b]xfosf !! lhNnfdf of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ .

tflnsf !@M afnx]NknfOg ;~rfngdf /x]sf lhNnfx¿

qm=;+= ;+:yfsf] gfd afnx]NknfOg ;~rfng lhNnfg]kfn afndhb'/ ;/f]sf/ s]Gb| -l;ljg g]kfn_, sf7df08f}

sf7df08f}, dsjfgk'/, afFs], df]/ª, sf:sL / s}nfnL

lbofnf] kl/jf/, lrtjg lrtjgcfjfh, ;'v]{t ;'v]{tnIdLgf/fo0f ;fd'bflos k':tsfno, ndh'ª ndh'ªg]kfn ;fdflhs ljsf; tyf hg ;zQmLs/0f s]Gb|, pbok'/

pbok'/

t/fO{ ljsf; d~r, ¿kGb]xL ¿kGb]xL

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df afnx]NknfOgdfkm{t\ s"n # xhf/ & ;o !! afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkt\sfnLg p4f/, /fxt, dgf]ljdz{, pkrf/÷cfjlws ;+/If0fnufot kfl/jfl/s k'gM:yfkgfh:tf sfo{df Joj:yfkg ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ cyf{t\ @)&@ c;f/ d;fGt;Dd o; x]NknfOgdfkm{t\ hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf @ xhf/ ! ;o *$ afns / ! xhf/ * ;o *% aflnsf u/L hDdf $ xhf/ ^( afnaflnsfsf] cfktsfnLg p4f/ ul/Psf] lyof] .


tflnsf !#M afnx]NknfOgfdfkm{t cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df ul/Psf] ;xof]u

qm=;= lhNnf;+Vof

afns aflnsf hDdf1 sf7df08f} 753 848 16012 lrtjg 334 265 5993 ;'v]{t 15 53 684 afFs] 103 21 1245 df]/ª 87 110 1976 s}nfnL 151 155 3067 dsjfgk'/ 214 235 4498 sf:sL 90 135 2259 ¿kGb]xL 54 65 11910 ndh'ª 4 2 611 pbok'/ 14 3 17

hDdf 1819 1892 3711

;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, @)&#

dflysf] tflnsfg';f/ s"n # xhf/ & ;o !! afnaflnsfnfO{ afnx]NknfOgaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] ;]jfdf sl/a %! k|ltzt aflnsf nfeflGjt ePsf] b]lvG5 .

sf7df08f}, sf:sL, afFs], s}nfnL, dsjfgk'/ / df]/ª lhNnfsf x]NknfOgaf6 k|fKt tYofÍcg';f/ oL ^ lhNnfdf hDdf &* xhf/ # ;o !! 6]lnkmf]g sn x]NknfOg !)(* df cfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;n] afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of / hfgsf/L ;"rgfsf nflu x]NknfOg pkof]uL /xg uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . pNn]lvt ^ lhNnfx¿df x]NknfOgdf btf{ x'g cfPsf 36gfsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf ! ;o (, afn>dsf ! ;o #&, zf/Ll/s dfgl;s oftgfsf *!, cg'zf;gsf gfddf lbOPsf] ;hfosf #@, dgf];fdflhs ;d:ofsf @&, afa'cfdf ljxLg !!, a]jf:tf ul/Psf @ ;o $*, afnd[To'sf $*, afnljjfxsf *&, af}l4s ckfËtf;DaGwL (, dfgl;s /f]uL %, zf/Ll/s ckfËtf;DaGwL !!, cfly{s tyf z}lIfs ;d:ofsf ! xhf/ **, cgnfO{g÷OG6/g]6 dfWodaf6 b'Jo{jxf/sf % nufot u/L hDdf @ xhf/ ( ;o @ 36gfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .


afnaflnsflj?4sf ck/fwhGo 36gfx¿df afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] lglDt ;~rflnt x]NknfOgnfO{ k|x/L k|zf;g, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, sfg"gL ;xof]u ug]{ ;:yfx¿, afnaflnsf tyf dfgjclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3–;+:yfx¿, c:ktfn, ;~rf/dfWod, :yfgLo lgsfo jf ;d'bfo, afnaflnsfsf ;d"x tyf JolQmx¿sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 . afnx]NknfOg ;]jfn] afnaflnsflj?4sf ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{ tyf afnclwsf/ xgg\\af/] /fHonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . o;y{ cfufdL lbgx¿df afnclwsf/ k|j4{g ug{ tyf afn;+/If0fsf nflu o; ;]jfnfO{ ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

afnx]NknfOgcGtu{t lgMz'Ns x6nfOg 6]lnkmf]g, k|ToIf tyf 6]lnkmf]gdfkm{t dgf];fdflhs dgf]ljdz{, p4f/ ;jf/L ;fwg÷PDa'n]G;, cfkt\sfnLg p4f/, /fxt tyf ;+/If0f / k|fylds :jf:yf]krf/ nufotsf ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . cf}ifwL pkrf/, x/fPsf afnaflnsfsf] vf]hL sfo{, kfl/jfl/s k'gP{sLs/0f, k'gM:yfkgf tyf cGo ;]jfsf nflu ;+:yfx¿df :yfgfGt/0f / sfg"gL ;xof]u tyf dWo:ytf;DaGwL ;]jf klg afnx]NknfOgcGtu{t pknAw u/fOFb} cfPsf] 5 .

#=& e"sDkaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf

g]kfndf b'ef{Uok"0f{ ¿kdf uPsf] -@)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] zlgaf/sf] lbg !!M%^ ah] uf]/vfsf] af/kfs s]Gb|laGb' ePsf] &=* DoflUgRo"8sf]_ e"sDk / ;f]kZrftsf lg/Gt/ k/fsDkgaf6 g]kfndf w]/} wghgsf] Iflt k'u]sf] lyof] . o;af6 sl/a %^ nfv dflg;nfO{ k|efj k/]sf], @* nfv dflg; lj:yflkt ePsf], * xhf/ ^ ;o !& hgf dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] / $ nfv &# xhf/eGbf a9L 3/ eTs]sf] tyf Iflt k'u]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

o;}u/L !! nfv @! xhf/eGbf a9L afnaflnsf e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . e"sDkkZrft\ afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGg ;+s6 jf ;d:ofaf6 /fxt k|bfg ug{ / ;Defljt ljleGg lsl;dsf zf]if0f tyf lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f ug{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] s]xL gLltut lg0f{osf ;fy} cfjZos lgb]{lzsfx¿ hf/L u/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, dlxnf afnaflnsf sfof{no tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdf kl/kq u/]sf] lyof] . ljkb\kl5sf] cj:yfdf afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/af6 cnUofpFbf cfOkg{ ;Sg] yk hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ hf]lvd kl/l:yltsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ e"sDkkZrft\ tTsfn} c:yfO{ af;:yfgx¿df afn;+/If0fsf ;Gbe{df cfO{kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdx¿sf af/]df ;a}nfO{ ;r]t ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|jfx ul/Psf] lyof] .


;fy}, s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] tTsfn ;+/If0f sfo{ ;~rfngsf nflu lbUbz{g, @)&@ lgdf{0f u¥of] . o; lbUbz{gn] s;}n] afa'cfdf, cljefjs jf ;+/Ifsaf6 la5f]l8Psf jf cleefjs ljxLg ePsf afnaflnsf km]nf kf/]df jf To:tf afnaflnsfsf af/]df st}af6 ;"rgf kfPdf r/0fj4 ¿kdf ug{'kg]{ sfo{x¿ pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] .

e"sDkn] a9L k|efj kf/]sf !$ lhNnfx¿af6 @)&# ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;+slnt tYofÍ cg';f/ hDdf $$ xhf/ ! ;o #! hgf hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsf klxrfg ePsf 5g\\ . h;df a'af / cfdf b'j} gePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ @ ;o @$ /x]sf] 5 eg] ;f]dWo] e"sDks} sf/0f afa'cfdf b'j} u'dfPsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! ;o @) /x]sf] 5 . ;+slnt tYofÍ cg';f/ !$ lhNnfdf cfdf jf afa' s'g} Ps hgf gePsf afnaflnsf @) xhf/ ^ ;o @* hgf /x]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] e"sDks} sf/0f a'af jf cfdf s'g} Ps hgf u'dfPsf afnaflnsf ! xhf/ @ ;o ^@ hgf klxrfg ePsf 5g\\ . ;+slnt tYofÍdWo] cfdfafa' b'j} jf s'g} Ps gePsf hDdf afnaflnsf @! xhf/ * ;o %@ hgf ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 h;dWo] e"sDksf] sf/0fn] cfdfafa' b'j} jf s'g} Ps u'dfpg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ # ;o *@ /x]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . cGo sf/0fn] hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof @@ xhf/ @ ;o &( b]lvPsf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr @ s, v / u_ .

@)&# ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Dd afa'cfdf b'j} u'dfPsf, afa' jf cfdfdWo] s'g} Ps u'dfPsf, kl/af/af6 cnlUuPsf, s'g} klg jo:ssf] ;+/If0fdf gePsf / hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] Psd'i6 tYofÍ b]xfofg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf !$M e"sDk k|efljt / hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof

qm;+ lhNnf afns aflnsf hDdfl;Gw'kfNrf]s 2367 2438 4805bf]nvf 897 872 1769sfe|]knf~rf]s 1507 1464 2971/;'jf 493 477 970g'jfsf]6 1621 1778 3399wflbª 1211 1151 2362uf]/vf 2040 2228 4268dsjfgk'/ 1600 1782 3382/fd]5fk 833 839 1672cf]vn9'Ëf 1858 1944 3802


l;Gw'nL 2235 2395 4630eQmk'/ 986 1156 2142nlntk'/ 1360 1220 2580sf7df08f} 2527 2852 5379hDdf 21535 22596 44131


@)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf !$ lhNnfsf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdfkm{t\ s"n !# xhf/ $ ;o %( / lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf ;f]xL tYofÍsf] cfwf/df lhNnfdf sfo{/t cGo ;fem]bf/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 * xhf/ @ ;o @@ afnaflnsf u/L hDdf @! xhf/ ^ ;o *! afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkt\sfnLg z}lIfs tyf kfl/jfl/s cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;+Vof c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;Íng ul/Psf] e"sDk k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] s"n ;+Vofsf] $(=!# k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

tflnsf !%M @)&# ;fn c;f/ d;fGt;Dd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;xof]u

qm;+ lhNnflh=af=s=;= dfkm{t ;xof]u cGo u}/;/sf/L

dfkm{t ;xof]uafns aflnsf hDdf1 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 706 687 1393 18372 bf]nvf 526 569 1095 2603 sfe|]knf~rf]s 545 575 1120 2004 /;'jf 286 324 610 6245 g'jfsf]6 399 521 920 24766 wflbª 594 591 1185 1607 uf]/vf 460 510 970 7458 dsjfgk'/ 409 492 901 2029 /fd]5fk 467 494 961 200

10 cf]vn9'ª\uf 430 450 880 20011 l;Gw'nL 442 515 957 20012 eQmk'/ 228 254 482 28313 nlntk'/ 577 448 1025 30514 sf7df08f} 440 520 960 530

hDdf 6509 6950 13459 8222



u[x dGqfno, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ e"sDkn] k|efj kf/]sf @% lhNnfdf dfq !^ jif{;Ddsf afns ! xhf/ # ;o ^% / aflnsf ! xhf/ % ;o % u/L hDdf @ xhf/ * ;o &) hgf afnaflnsfn] hLjg u'dfPsf 5g\\ . o;dWo] kfFrjif{;Ddsf ! xhf/ $ ;o () -sl/a %@ k|ltzt_ / ;f]eGbfdfly !^ jif{;Ddsf ! xhf/ # ;o *) hgf /x]sf 5g\\ -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr ! 3_ . xfn;Dd kfFr jif{;Ddsf afns # hgf / aflnsf ! hgf u/L hDdf $ hgf / kfFr jif{dfly !^ jif{;Ddsf * afns / ^ aflnsf u/L hDdf !$ hgf -s"n !*_ afnaflnsf km]nf gk/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . e"sDkaf6 afnaflnsf lgs} k|efljt ePsf] tYonfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ ljkb\af6 afnaflnsfdf kg{;Sg] Iflt tyf c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu g]kfndf w]/} sfd ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .

#=* ;z:q åGå k|efljt afnaflnsf

Psbzs nfdf] -@)%@—@)^@_ ;z:q åGå ePsf] klg w]/} ;do lalt ;s]sf] 5 . tyfkL, o; qmddf ePsf] w]/} wghgsf] Ifltsf sf/0f afnaflnsfdfly k/]sf] k|efjsf] c;/ cem} klg /x]sf] 5 . o;qmddf w]/} afnaflnsfn] Hofg u'dfP eg] sltko ckfË eP . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pj+ k'gMPsLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^& k'; !$ ut] kfl/t u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw @)&) ;d]t :jLs[t u/]sf] lyof] . o;} sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogfy{ s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfaf/] @) lhNnfx¿af6 tYofÍ ;Íng u/]sf] 5 . k|fKt tYofÍ cg';f/ pNn]lvt @) lhNnfx¿df ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf dWo] afns $ ;o $* / aflnsf # ;o $@ u/L & ;o () hgfn] b'j} afa'cfdf u'dfPsf 5g\\ . ;du|df aL; lhNnfdf hDdf !^ xhf/ ( ;o ^ hgf afnaflnsf ;z:q åGåaf6 s'g} g s'g]} ¿kaf6 k|efljt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfsf] lzIffsf nflu 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} åGå k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] plrt :ofxf/sf] nflu ;d]t zxLb k|lti7fgnfO{ cg'bfg pknJw u/fpg] u/]sf] 5 . h;cGtu{t kfFr} ljsf;If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/]/ k"jf{~rnsf] ;'g;/Ldf, dWodf~rnsf] bf]nvfdf, klZrdf~rnsf] sf:sLdf, dWoklZrdf~rnsf] bfªdf / ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf] 8f]6Ldf u/L kfFr j6f cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿ ;~rflnt 5g\\ . zxLb k|lti7fgcGtu{tsf cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof tflnsf !$ df b]vfOPsf] 5 . ut cf=a= )&!÷ )&@ ;Dddf b]zel/sf kfFr j6f cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿df * ;o %% afns / % ;o ( aflnsf u/L hDdf ! xhf/ # ;o ^$ hgf afnaflnsf /x]sf lyP eg] of] cfly{s jif{ )&@÷)&# ;Dddf * ;o ** afns / % ;o $& aflnsf u/L hDdf ! xhf/ $ ;o #% hgf afnaflnsf cfl>t /x]sf 5g\\ .


tflnsf !^M zxLb k|lti7fgcGtu{tsf cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof

qm;+ lhNnf)&!÷)&@ )&@÷)&#

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf1 >L zxLb :d[lt cfjf;Lo df=lj= ;'g;/L 171 125 296 204 133 337

2 >L zxLb :d[lt cfjf;Lo df=lj=bf]nvf 117 63 180 122 72 194

3 >L zxLb :d[lt cfjf;Lo df=lj=sf:sL 129 103 232 159 99 258

4 >L zxLb :d[lt cfjf;Lo df=lj=bfª 277 139 416 252 171 423

5 >L zxLb :d[lt cfjf;Lo df=lj=8f]6L 161 79 240 151 72 223

hDdf 855 509 1364 888 547 1435

;|f]tM zxLb k|lti7fg g]kfn, @)&#

zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnon] cf=a= @)&@÷ )&# df 6'x'/f afnaflnsf k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmddfkm{t cfdfafa' b'j} u'dfPsf afnaflnsfnfO{ !* jif{ pd]/ gk'Ubf;Dd ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dfkm{t #$ lhNnfsf hDdf ^ ;o @) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|lt afnaflnsf jflif{s ^) xhf/ ¿k}+of cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfdfafa' u'dfPsf afnaflnsf k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw @)^* nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf nflu zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnon] lzIff dGqfnodfkm{t jflif{s ¿kdf sIffcg';f/ !) xhf/b]lv !^ xhf/ ¿k}+of ;Ddsf] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/ lbOPsf] 5 .

;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pj+ k'gMPsLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^& sfof{Gjogsf nflu s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfaf/] @) lhNnfx¿af6 u/]sf] tYofÍ ;+sngsf] cfwf/df tL @) lhNnfx¿df zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno, g]kfn zflGt sf]if ;lrjfnosf] ;xof]udf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pj+ k'gMPsLs/0f kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . h'g kl/of]hgfn] ;z:q åGåsf sf/0fn] cToflws hf]lvddf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] k'gMk'i6Ls/0f u/L z}lIfs, :jf:Yo pkrf/, sfg"gL pkrf/, lhljsf]kfh{g, a}slNks :ofxf/, dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{nufotsf ;]jf k|jfx ul//x]sf] 5 .

xfn;Dd ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pjd\ k'gMPsLs/0f kl/of]hgfdfkm{t\ @) lhNnfdf # xhf/ % ;o %& afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ;]jf k|jfx ul/;s]sf] 5 . h;cGtu{t # xhf/ @% afnaflnsfnfO{ z}lIfs ;xof]u, ! ;o ^^ hgf


afnaflnsfnfO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;xof]u, ! ;o && hgfnfO{ dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ ;xof]u, ! ;o %) hgf afnaflnsfsf kl/jf/nfO{ hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u, !@ hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ sfg"gL pkrf/ ;xof]u / @& hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ a}slNks :ofxf/ ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd ;xof]u kfpg] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfdWo] *%=)$ k|ltztn] lzIffsf nflu ;xof]u kfPsf 5g\ -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr #_ .

u|fkm @M ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfsf] k'gM:yfkgf Pj+ k'gMPsLs/0f kl/of]hgfdfkm{t neflGjt afnaflnsf


cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df klxrfg ePsf hDdf !^ xhf/ ( ;o ^ hgf ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfdWo] !$ xhf/ * ;o %* afnaflnsfsf] k'gk{'i6Ls/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5 . ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu ! ;o @& j6f k|fylds ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ;]jf gS;f+sg u/L ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg] k|of; ePsf] 5 . o;} kl/of]hgfcGtu{t @) lhNnfsf &^ j6f ljBfnox¿df ljBfno zflGt If]q;DaGwL cled"vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 eg] ljleGg /fhg}lts bnx¿sf] x:tfIf/;lxt alb{of / /f]Nkf lhNnfsf !) j6f ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 .

#=( a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsf

g]kfn k|x/Lsf] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df dfgj a]rlavgsf @ ;o !@ j6f 36gfaf6 # ;o %@ hgf kLl8t /x]sf]df !* jif{d'gLsf ! ;o ( hgf aflnsf -#! k|ltzt_ a]rlavgdf k/]]sf b]lvG5 . h;dWo] !) jif{d'gLsf ! hgf aflnsf, !! b]lv !^ jif{ pd]/sf ^@ hgf aflnsf / !& b]lv !* jif{sf $^ hgf aflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ .


tflnsf !&M a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f

If]q !) jif{ d'lg

!!–!^ jif{;Dd

!&–!* jif{;Dd

afnaflnsfhDdf ;+Vof

hDdf d'2f ;+Vof

k'jf{~rn 1 8 4 13 62dWodf~rn 0 7 10 17 48klZrdf~rn 0 23 15 38 78

dWoklZrdf~rn 0 7 9 16 32;'b"/ klZrd 0 8 0 8 37pkTosf 0 9 8 17 95hDdf 1 62 46 109 352


If]qut ¿kdf x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L klZrdf~rn If]qdf #* hgf aflnsf a]rlavgdf k/]sf lyP eg] cGo If]qx¿df pkTosf / dWodf~rn If]qdf !&÷!& hgf, dWoklZrdf~rndf !^ hgf, k"jf{~rn If]qdf !# hgf / ;a}eGbf sd ;'b'/klZrd If]qdf ;a}eGbf sd * hgf aflnsf a]rlavgdf k/]sf lyP . To;}u/L dfgj a]rlavgsf 36gfdf ;+nUg $ ;o $& hgf cleo'QmdWo] @ hgf afnaflnsf -! hgf afns / ! hgf aflnsf_ /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

#=!) cNk;+Vos / cflbaf;L afnaflnsf

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf]] df}lns xs / st{JocGtu{t wf/f !* df ;dfgtfsf] xs leq pkwf/f @ df ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hftL, lnË, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, efiff jf If]q, a}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g eGg] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L pkwf/f # df ;fdflhs jf ;f:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf?, d'l:nd, pTkLl8t ju{, lk58fju{, cNk;+Vos, l;dfGts[t, ls;fg, >lds, o'jf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s, n}lËs tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, uef{j:yfsf JolQm, czQm jf c;xfo, lk5l8Psf] If]q / cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg v; cfo{nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljif]z Joj:yfsf] k|fjwfg /x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf]] 5 .

Wff/f $@ sf] pkwf/f ! df ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf?, d'l:nd, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, l;dfGts[t lk58f ju{, n}lËs tyf of}lgs


cNk;+Vos, o'jf, ls;fg, >lds, plTkl8t jf lk5l8Psf If]qsf gful/s tyf cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg v; cfo{nfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutf ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . Wff/f %! df /fHosf gLltcGtu{t pkwf/f sf] ` -*_ df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfg ;lxt ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ ;"lglZrt ug{ cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ub}{ o; ;d'bfo;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] lg0fo{x¿df ;xeflu u/fpg] tyf cflbjf;L hghflt / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg ;Lk ;+:s[tL, ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / cg'ejnfO{ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug]{ k|fjwfg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;af6 cNk;+Vos afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f x'g] cj:yf 5 . o;/L b]zsf] ;+ljwfgn] df}lns xs / st{Jo, /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿ cGtu{t cNk;+Vos, cflbjf;L tyf lk58fnufot ;Dk"0f{sf] ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . h; cGtu{t afnaflnsfsf] ;d]t ;+/If0f ;dfj]z x'G5 .

lzIffsf] If]qdf blnt / hghflt afnaflnsfsf] kx'Frsf] b[li6n] @)&@ ;fndf k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df hDdf ( nfv && xhf/ # ;o ^% afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf]df !&=( k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf -afns !&=@ k|ltzt / aflnsf !*=^ k|ltzt_ / #*=* k|ltzt hghflt afnaflnsf -afns #*=& k|ltzt / #(=) k|ltzt aflnsf_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfdWo] aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf s"n afnaflnsfdWo] blnt / hghflt afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf !*M k|f/lDes afnlasf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf blnt tyf hghflt afnaflnsf

ljBfyL{ k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsf k|ltzthDdf blnt hghflt blnt hghflt

aflnsf 4,70,520 87,522 1,83,399 18.6 39.0afns 5,06,845 87,257 1,95,896 17.2 38.7

hDdf 9,77,365 1,74,779 3,79,295 17.9 38.8

;|f]tM lzIff ljefu, @)&@

@)&@ Dff b]ze/ k|fyldstxdf hDdf 42 nfv 64 xhf/ 9 ;o 42 afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf]df blnt afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 8 nfv 41 xhf/ 5 ;o 46 /x]sf] 5 . of] ;+Vof b]ze/sf] k|fyldstxdf egf{ ePsf hDdf afnaflnsfsf] 19=7 k|ltzt xf] . lgDg dfWoldstxdf !$=$ k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf lyP eg] cfwf/e"ttxdf !*=! k|ltzt blnt afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf lyP .


tflnsf !(M k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf cfwf/e"ttxdf blnt afnaflnsf

z}lIfstx 5fqf 5fq hDdfafnaflnsfsf] egf{

k|ltztk|fylds -!–%_ 4,30,263 4,11,283 8,41,546 19=7

lgDg dfWolds -^–*_ 1,38,015 1,30,878 2,68,893 14=4cfwf/e"t -!–*_ 5,68,278 5,42,161 11,10.439 18=1

;|f]tM lzIffljefu, @)!%

z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df k|fyldstxdf egf{ ePsf hDdf afnaflnsfsf] #$=$ k|ltzt afnaflnsf hghflt lyP eg] lgDg dfWoldstxdf #*=^ k|ltzt / cfwf/e"ttxdf #%=& k|ltzt afnaflnsf hghflt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

tflnsf @)M k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds tyf cfwf/e"ttxdf hghflt afnaflnsf

z}lIfstx 5fqf 5fq hDdf egf{ k|ltzt

k|fylds -!–%_ 7,43,219 7,25,638 14,68,857 34=4

lgDg dfWolds -^–*_ 3,75,348 3,43,151 7,18,499 38=6

cfwf/e"t -!–*_ 11,18,567 10,68,789 21,87,356 35=7

;|f]tM lzIffljefu, @)!%

kk'n];g df]gf]u|fkm, @)!$ sf cg';f/ s"n hg;+Vofsf] #$=(& k|ltzt cflbjf;L hghflt /x]sf] ;Gbe{df lzIffsf] cfwf/e"ttx;Dd hghflt afnaflnsfsf] pkl:ylt pNn]Vo b]lvPsf] 5 .

#=!! cleefjs;Fu} sf/fuf/df /x]sf afnaflnsf

afa'cfdf tyf cleefjs ljleGg s;'/df ;hfo kfP/ s}bLaGbLx¿sf] ¿kdf /xFbf pgLx¿df cfl>t afnaflnsf klg ;+u} sf/fuf/df /xg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . afa' jf cfdf s}bL ePsf sf/0f afnaflnsf klg sf/fuf/df g} a:g' kg]{ cj:yfn] afnaflnsfsf] dgf]efjgfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;Sb5 . sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefusf] @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] s}bLaGbLsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ ljleGg lhNnfl:yt #$ j6f sf/fuf/df s"n !! xhf/ % ;o (& s}bLaGbL -!) xhf/ $ ;o %* k'?if / ! xhf/ ! ;o #( dlxnf_ df cfl>t afnaflnsf hDdf (# hgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr $ _.

sf/fuf/df s}bLx¿;Fu cfl>t o:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ s]xL ;fdflhs ;+:yfx¿n] sf/fuf/af6 :yfgfGt/0f u/L ;+:yfut :ofxf/ pknAw u/fpFb} lzIff / ;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\\ . o; jif{


ljleGg sf/fuf/af6 aflx/ NofO{ %# hgf afnaflnsf ljleGg afn ;+/If0f u[x¿df /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . sltko o:tf afnaflnsfsf] afa'cfdf s}bd'Qm ePkl5 klg cfˆgf afnaflnsfnfO{ lng gcfO{ ;Dks{ ljlxg x'g k'u]af6 To:tf afnaflnsfsf] kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw ;Dks{ g/xL sfnfGt/df gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ nufotsf sfg"gL klxrfgsf] ;d:of /xg uPsf] s]xL 36gfx¿ ;d]t /x]sf] o; If]qdf lqmoflzn ;+3;+:yfx¿n] hgfPsf 5g\ .

#=!@ hGdbtf{

afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f & df hGdgf;fy afnaflnsfnfO{ btf{ ul/g]5 / afnaflnsfn] hGd]kl5 cfˆgf] gfd /fVg kfpg] / /fli6«otfsf] clwsf/ / ;Dej eP;Dd cfˆgf afa'cfdf yfxf kfpg] / pgLx¿af6 :ofxf/ kfpg] clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . hGd, d[To" tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## nfu" ePsf] $) jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . of] cjlwdf b]zsf ;a} ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt Pjd\ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 JolQmut 36gf btf{;DaGwL sfdx¿ x'Fb}+ cfPsf] 5 . kl/jf/ jf JolQmut 36gf ;do d} btf{ u/L j}wflgstf lbg' k|To]s gful/ssf] st{Jo xf] . hGdbtf{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljBfno egf{ ubf{ jf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdcGtu{t afn;+/If0f cg'bfgsf nflu nfeu|fxLsf] ¿kdf btf{ x'g' nufot ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu hGdbtf{ k|df0fkqnfO{ clgjfo{ u/]kl5 cfd dflg;df JolQmut 36gf btf{ u/fpg h?/L 5 eGg] r]tgf a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

s]Gb|Lo tYofË ljefusf] ax';"rs SNf:6/ ;j]{If0f -;g\ @)!)÷!!_ df afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ $@ k|ltzt b]lvPsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ @)!$ df ul/Psf] o:t} ;j]{If0faf6 of] b/ a9]/ %*=! k|ltzt -afns %(=@ / aflnsf %&=)_ k'u]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . afn;+/If0f cg'bfg sfo{qmd

@@ jif{cl3 sf7df08f}sf Ps k'?if / ef/taf6 cfPsL Ps dlxnfaLr j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ePkl5 b'O{ ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf tL bfh'efO{sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . j'jfsf] d[To' ePkl5 cfdfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]/ b'j} bfh'efO{nfO{ 5f]8]/ uOg\ / pgLx¿sf] cj:yf clt s7Lg x'g uof] . cleefjsTjsf] cefjdf tL b'j} bfh'efO{ afNosfnd} ;8sdf k'u] . sf7df08f}Fdf sfo{/t Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] a;Gtk'/af6 !& jif{cl3 b'O{ gfjfns bfh'efO{nfO{ p4f/ u/L afnu[xdf ;+/If0f lbof] . To;kl5 afnsx¿sf] hGdbtf{ / gful/stfsf] nflu ;+:yfn] klqsfdf gfd k|sflzt u¥of] . tL bfh'efO{sf cfdf hLljt} ePsf sf/0fn] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg sfg"gL hl6ntf cfOnfUof] . b'j} bfh'efO{ g]kfnd} hlGdPsf x'g\ / afj' g]kfnL xf] t/ d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ pgL g]kfnL ePsf] s'g} k|df0f 5}g . o:tf] hl6n cj:yfsf sf/0fn] b'j} bfh'efO{ xfn;Dd gful/stfaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . pgn] afnu[xd} /x]/ sIff !@ pQL0f{ ul/;s]sf 5g\ .


sfof{Gjogdf cfPkZrft\ o'lg;]kmn] u/]sf] csf]{ ;j]{If0fdf s0ff{nL c~rndf eg] kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ b/ () k|ltzt gf3]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

kl~hs/0f ljefuaf6 k|fKt kl5Nnf] tYofÍg';f/ @)&@ ;fndf @! lhNnfdf hDdf $% xhf/ # ;o *! hgfsf] hGdbtf{ ePsf] kfOof] . x/]s jif{ ;f]xL jif{ hGd]sf afnaflnsf dfq} sltsf] hGd btf{ eof] eGg] PsLs[t tYofÍ eg] pknAw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . afnaflnsfsf] klxnf] clwsf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] hGdbtf{nfO{ cleofg s} ¿kdf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr %_.

g]kfndf vf;u/L kl/ToQm ePsf, cnkq k/]sf, kfl/jfl/s ljv08g ePsf, ;8sdf /x]sf nufotsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{df sl7gfO pTkGg x'g] u/]sf]n] pgLx¿sf] sfg"gL klxrfgsf] ;d:of /xg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

#=!# wd{;Gtfg

wd{;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf s'g} afns jf aflnsfnfO{ ckgfpg] sfo{sf] d"n dd{ eg]sf] kl/jf/ljxLg afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ lbg' xf] . cfˆgf] ;Gtfg gx'g] JolQmn] jf ePsf] eP klg sfg"gadf]lhd csf{sf] ;Gtfg jf kl/jf/ljxLg afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆg} ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf ckgfOPsf ;GtfgnfO{ wd{;Gtfg egL a'‰g] ul/Psf] 5 .

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*( sf] wf/f @! df wd{k'q÷wd{k'qL lng lbg kfpg] s'/fnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} wd{k'q÷wd{k'qL;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ cem Jojl:yt ug{sfnflu cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q÷ wd{k'qL;DaGwL afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f / ;xof]u;DaGwL dxf;lGw, @( d] !((# kfl/t ePsf] 5 .

ljleGg sf/0fn] kl/jf/ljxLg x'g k'[u]sf / ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf k/]sf afnaflnsfsf nflu afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @@ df afnsNof0f clwsf/Låf/f ;+/Ifs tf]sL afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f ug{;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . d'n'sL P]gsf] Joj:yfsf] cltl/Qm afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%!, afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, @)^(, cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^(, g]kfnL afnaflnsf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{k'q, wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{lbg] ;DaGwL zt{ tyf k|lqmof, @)^% / cGt/b]zLo wd{k'qL Joj:yfkg ljsf; ;ldlt -u7g_ cfb]z, @)^& df wd{;Gtfg;DaGwL ljleGg Joj:yf ul/Psf 5g\\ .


#=!#=! ljb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{;Gtfg

kl/jf/ljxLg afnaflnsfsf nflu :jb]zdf pko'Qm kl/jf/ pknAw x'g g;lsg] cj:yfdf afnaflnsfnfO{ cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q, wd{k'qL u|x0f ug]{ kl/jf/ pknAw ePdf cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q, wd{k'qL u|x0f u/fpg k|lqmof cl3 a9fOG5 . d'n'sL P]gsf] wd{k'qsf] dxndf @)## ;fndf ul/Psf] -5}6f}+] ;+zf]wg_ n] ljb]zL gful/snfO{ g]kfnL gful/s wd{k'q u|x0f ug{ lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)^%÷@÷^ df g]kfnL afnaflnsf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{k'q, wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{ lbg] ;DaGwL ;t{ tyf k|lqmof, @)^% hf/L u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ljutdf w]/} afnaflnsfnfO{ ljb]zLx¿n] wd{;Gtfgsf ¿kdf u|x0f ug]{ u/]sf] ePtf klg ut s]xL jif{b]]lv of] ;+Vof clt Go"g x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q wd{k'qL Joj:yfkg ljsf; ;ldlt, @)&@ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷)&! Dff Eff/t, gj]{ / ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf Ps Ps hgf aflnsf u/L hDdf # hgf aflnsfdfq / @)&@ ;fn r}q d;fGt;Dddf cd]l/sfdf @ hgf aflnsf / :nf]eflgofdf Pshgf u/L tLghgf aflnsfdfq wd{;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ePsf] b]lvG5 .

#=!#=@ :jb]zL gful/snfO{ wd{;Gtfg

d'n'sL P]g, @)@) n] wd{k'q;DaGwL dxnsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ wd{k'q /fVbf cfkm" hGd]sf] Ps} eF'8Lsf ;Gtfgdf, To:tf] ;Gtfg geP ;f}t]gL cfdfkl§sf] 5f]/fsf] ;Gtfgdf, To:tf] ;Gtfg klg geP Ps afh]sf ;Gtfgdf, Ps afh]sf ;GTffg klg geP 5f]/Lx¿sf 5f]/fdf, 5f]/Lx¿sf] 5f]/f klg geP lhHo" afHo]sf ;Gtfgdf, To:tf] ;Gtfg klg geP lbbLalxgLsf 5f]/fdf, lbbL alxgLsf 5f]/f klg geP cfˆgf uf]qsf bfh' efOsf] 5f]/fdf /fVg'k5{ . To:tf gft]bf/ eP;Dd c? uf]qsf dflg; wd{k'q /fVg gx'g] k|fjwfg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]]xL g]kfn P]]g ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] P]g @)^# n] æwd{k'qsf]Æ eGg] zAbsf] ;§f æwd{k'q, wd{k'qLsf]Æ eGg] zAbx¿ /flvPsf 5g\\ . ;fy} cfˆgf] 5f]/f5f]/L ePsf JolQmafx]s cGon] lnvt u/L wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg x'g] k|fjwfg ul/Psf] 5 . t/, 5f]/f x'g]n] wd{k'q / 5f]/L x'g]n] wd{k'qL /fVg gkfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . wd{;Gtfgsf] lnvt cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] of] dfnkf]t sfof{nodf btf{ kf; u/L /flvg] ul/Psf]df g]kfn /fhkqsf] efu @ ldlt @)&@ c;f]h !$ ut]sf] cltl/QmfÍsf] !%-3_ df k|sflzt g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g @)&@ cg';f/ ;f] sfo{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ul/g] ePsf] 5 .


e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df hDdf ^@ hgf afnaflnsf g]kfnleq} wd{;Gtfgsf ¿kdf ckgfOPsf lyP . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfl:yt !# j6f dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 hDdf #) hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{;Gtfgsf ¿kdf u|x0f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

u|fkm # M :jb]zleq u|x0f ul/Psf] wd{ ;Gtfgsf] ;+Vof, cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&#

;|f]tM e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefu, @)&#

dflysf] tflnsfg';f/ jif{el/df ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 ;aeGbf a9L * hgf afnaflnsf wd{ ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf btf{ ul/Psf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] eQmk'/, snÍL, tgx"F, wgu9L, rGb|f}6f, slkna:t', e}/xjf / ndh'ª dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 Ps–Ps hgfdfq afnaflnsf wd{ ;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf btf{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6 b]zleq wd{ ;Gtfg u|x0f ug]{ qmd rln/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

#=!$ z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*( sf] wf/f @@ df /fHon] z/0ffyL{ ePsf jf z/0ffyL{ x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ kIf /fi6«n] ljz]if ;+/If0f lbg'kg]{ / z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsfsf] klg c? afnaflnsf ;/xs} clwsf/ pkef]udf ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 eGg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs tyf cGo sf/0fn] cfˆgf] b]zdf a:g g;sL csf]{ b]zdf z/0f lnO{ z/0ffyL{sf ¿kdf a:g] rng k|foM ;+;f/e/L g} 5 . o;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g klg agfOPsf] 5 . o;/L z/0ffyL{ eP/ uPsf ljb]zL gful/snfO{ ;DalGwt b]zn] ;'/Iff tyf ;+/If0f lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;df klg z/0ffyL{sf] ¿kdf a:g afWo afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .


g]kfndf e'6fgL tyf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿sf ljifodf nfdf] ;dob]lv rrf{ x'Fb} cfO/xsf] ljlbt} 5 . g]kfndf /x]sf z/0ffyL{x¿sf nflu pgLx¿sf] dfgjclwsf/ tyf ;+/If0fsf If]qdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo pRrfof]un] ;xhLs/0f / jsfnt ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ lzlj/ :yn l;ldt If]qdf /x]sf] tyf tYofÍ ljj/0f klg b'?:t /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ cGo b]zaf6 lj:yflkt eO{ g]kfndf cfl>t z/0ffyL{x¿sf] cf>o :yn tyf ljj/0f cf}krfl/s ¿kdf cBfjlws ePsf] kfO{b}g . cgf}krfl/s hfgsf/Lsf ¿kdf k|fKt ;"rgf cg';f/ e'6fgL tyf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿sf cltl/Qm g]kfndf cfl>t cGo ljleGg b]zsf z/0ffyL{x¿df afnaflnsf klg /x]sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

u[x dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt tYofÍg';f/ g]kfndf xfn a]n8fFuL, zlgZr/]l:yt e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] SofDk / ;f] aflx/ /x]sf ;d]t u/L !& jif{;Ddsf afns # xhf/ ! ;o &% / aflnsf # xhf/ !& u/L hDdf ^ xhf/ ! ;o (@ hgf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ .

tflnsf @!M e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljj/0f, @)!% l8;]Da/;Dd

lzlj/sf] gfd

)–$ %–!! !@–!& hDdfaflnsf afns hDdf aflnsf afns hDdf aflnsf afns hDdf

a]n8fFuL ^%( ^&& !##^ ($* !)@% !(&# &(^ *%$ !^%) $(%(

ZflgZr/] !(! @)^ #(& @#* @!# $%! !*$ !(* #*@ !@#)lzlj/ aflx/

) ! ! ) ! ! ! ) ! #

hDdf *%) **$ !&#$ !!*^ !@#( @$@% (*! !)%@ @)## ^!(@

;|f]tM u[x dGqfno, @)&@

g]kfndf /x]sf !& xhf/ % ;o &# hgf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{dWo] #%=@^ k|ltzt !& jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsf /x]sf 5g\\ . g]kfndf ltAatL z/0ffyL{ /x]sf] lgs} rrf{ x'g] u/] klg o;;DaGwL Plss[t tYofÍ k|fKt x'g ;s]g .

e'6fgL tyf ltAatL z/0ffyL{ afx]s kfls:tfg, Dofgdf/, ckmuflg:tfg, >Ln+sf, a+unfb]z / ;f]dflnof nufotsf ^ b]zaf6 xfn g]kfndf % ;o z/0ffyL{ /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] ! ;o *$ hgf afnaflnsf -(% aflnsf / *( afns_ /x]sf 5g\\ . pd]/sf] ;d"x cfwf/df x]bf{ % b]lv !! jif{ ;Ddsf ** hgf -#( aflnsf / $( afns_ ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf 5g\\ . To;}u/L ) b]lv $ jif{ pd]/sf %& hgf -#^ hgf aflnsf / @! hgf afns_ / !@ b]lv !& jif{ pd]/sf #( hgf -@) hgf aflnsf / !( hgf afns_ /x]sf 5g\\ . pQm ! ;o *$ hgf z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf


dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L kfls:tfgsf &( hgf -$! hgf aflnsf / #* hgf afns_ /x]sf 5g\\ eg] To;kl5 qmdzM Dofgdf/sf ^^ hgf -## hgf aflnsf / ## hgf afns_ / ckmuflg:tfgsf #! hgf -!* hgf aflnsf / !# hgf afns_ /x]sf 5g\\ .

Tfflnsf @@M g]kfndf cfl>t z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f -e'6fg afx]s_

pTkltsf] b]z)–$ jif{ %–!! jif{ !@–!& jif{

aflnsf afns hDdfafnaflnsf afnaflnsf afnaflnsf

kfls:tfg 22 38 19 41 38 79Dofgdf/ 21 32 13 33 33 66ckmuflg:tfg 14 13 4 18 13 31>Ln+sf, j+unfb]z / ;f]dflnof

0 5 3 3 5 8

hDDff 57 88 39 95 89 184


#=!% ckf·tf ePsf afnaflnsf

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefun] @)!$ df k|sfzg u/]sf] kk'n]zg df]gfu|fkm ef]n'd @ sf cg';f/ g]kfndf s'n hg;+Vofsf] )=(( k|ltzt -(@,)!@ hgf_ ) b]lv !$ jif{ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfdf s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ckfËtf b]lvPsf] 5 . h;dWo] zf/Ll/s ckfËtf #^=! k|ltzt, b[li6ljxLg !*=% k|ltzt, k"0f{ ;'Gg g;Sg] !)=$ k|ltzt, af]Ng g;Sg] !%=% k|ltzt, ax' ckfËtfdf (=% k|ltzt, ;':t dgl:ylt $=%# k|ltzt, af}l4s ckfËtf $=# k|ltzt / b[li6–>j0f ckfËtf !=^ k|ltzt /xsf] 5 . t/ o; If]qdf lqmoflzn ;+b;+:yfx¿n] ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof w]/} /x]sf] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . afnljjfxsf sf/0f sd pd]/d} aRrf hGdfpg], uef{j:yfdf plrt ;+/If0fsf] cefjnufotn] ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf hGdg] b/ a9\b} uPsf] eGg] cgf}krfl/s l6Kk0fLx¿ x'Fb} cfPtf klg o;;DaGwL Plss[t tYofÍ hfgsf/Lsf] cefj /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf;sf lglDt ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿sf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L af}l4s ckfËtf / ax'ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf lglDt clt Go"g ;]jfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . a]jfl/; cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf af}l4s tyf ax'ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f r'gf}tLk"0f{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] lglDt xfn qmlds ¿kdf ;+j]bgzLntf a9\b} uPsf] b]lVfG5 . ljBfno nufot ;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;8s k]6L lgdf{0f ;d]t ckfËd}qL agfpg]


qmd lg/Gt/ al9/x]sf] 5 . ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfnufot ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ ckfËtfsf] :t/ cg';f/ kl/rokq ljt/0f u/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|bfg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f tyf lzIffsf lgldQ cfjfzLo ¿kdfg} ljBfnox¿df ljz]if lzIff ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf klg 5g\ . lzIff ljefusf] kl5Nnf] k|ltj]bg @)&@ cg';f/ cfwf/e't txdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ckfËtf ePsf ^# xhf/ $ ;o -#) xhf/ ^ ;o *^ aflnsf_ afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 h'g hDdf egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] !=)# k|ltzt x'g cfFp5 . o;} u/L dfWoflds tx -sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd_ df ( xhf/ # ;o (% -$ xhf/ ^ ;o !& aflnsf_ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf egf{ ePsf 5g\ h'g s"n egf{sf] )=^* k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

#=!^ ;8s b'3{6gf / afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf

g]kfndf x/]s jif{ !* ;o eGbf a9L dflg;sf] ;8s b'3{6gfdf d[To' x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] !% xhf/ eGbf a9L 3fOt] x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfaf6 k|fKt tYofª\saf6 jif]{gL ;8s b'3{6gfdf Hofg u'dfpg]x¿dWo] !) k|ltzt afnaflnsf /xg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

cf=j= @)&@÷)&# df pkTosfleq % xhf/ ^ ;o ^* ;8s b'3{6gf ePsf]df d[To' ePsf ! ;o ^^ hgf dWo] &=( k|ltzt afnaflnsf -cf7 afns / kfFr aflnsf_ /x]sf 5g\\ . To;}u/L ;f]xL cjlwdf uDeL/ 3fO{t] ePsf @ ;o &% hgf dWo] (=% k|ltzt afnaflnsf -!( afns / ;ft aflnsf_ /x]sf 5g\\ eg] 3fOt] ePsf # xhf/ ( ;o ! hgf dWo] *=% k|ltzt afnaflnsf -@ ;o @^ afns / ! ;o % aflnsf_ /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

tfflnsf @#M pkTosfdf afnaflnsfsf] ;8s b'3{6gf;DaGwL ljj/0fcf=a= d[To" uDeL/ 3fOt] ;fwf/0f 3fOt]

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf@)&!÷&@ 9 4 13 10 4 14 181 96 277

@)&@÷&# 8 5 13 19 7 26 226 105 331

;|f]t M k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf, @)&#

j[xt 6«flkms hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df !! xhf/ ( ;o $^ hgf ljBfno / pRr dfljsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmddf ;+nUg u/fOPsf] lyof] .

#=!& dw]; cfGbf]ng / afnclwsf/sf] ;jfn

s'g} klg c;xhtfaf6 l;lh{t h:tf];'s} cj:yfdf klg ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] afnaflnsfsf]


clwsf/nfO{ afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*( tyf o;sf] P]lR5s ;lGwkq @))), ;z:q åGå;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o dfgjLo sfg"gsf ¿kdf /x]sf] h]g]ef dxf;lGw !($(, lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d;DaGwL cfO{Pncf]sf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@ nufotdf k|fyldstfsf ;fy pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_, afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* nufot /fli6«o–cGt/fli6«o sfg"g / 3f]if0ffx¿n] lzIffnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\\ .

o; jif{ klg afnaflnsf zflGt If]q sfod ug]{ /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] k|ltj4tfaLr ljleGg :j¿kdf ;~rflnt cfGbf]ngsf] tf/f] ljBfno / ljBfyL{ x'g] qmdM /f]lsPg . afnaflnsfsf] k7gkf7gsf] clwsf/b]lv afFRg kfpg] clwsf/;Dd xgg\ ePsf] pbfx/0f dw]; cfGbf]ngsf qmddf klg b]lvof] . t/fO{ dw]zdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ¿kGb]xL, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L / s}nfnLdf u/L & afnaflnsfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] eg] & hgf uDeL/ 3fOt] eP . cleefjssf d[To'sf sf/0f k|efljt x'g] afnaflnsfsf syf t cnUu} 5g\ .

dxf]Q/L, wg'iff, af/f, k;f{, /f}tx6, ;Kt/L, l;/fxf / ;nf{xL u/L t/fO{ dw];sf cf7 lhNnfx¿df @)&# c;f]h # ut] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePnuQ}b]lv k'if !% ut];Dd sl/a ! ;o #% lbg cfGbf]ng / gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f hghLjg cfqmfGt x'g k'u]sf] lyof] . t/fO{ dw];sf s"n # xhf/ ^ ;o &^ ljBfnodf cWoog ug]{ sl/a !# nfv %^ xhf/ * ;o %# ljBfyL{n] ;f] cjlwdf s"n *@ lbg ljBfnoaf6 jl~rt x'g' k/]sf] lyof] . t/fO{sf afnaflnsf ;f] cjlwdf cfwf/e"t vf]kaf6 ;d]t jl~rt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

@)&@ k'if !% ut];Dd ePsf] t/fO{ dw]; cfGbf]ngsf qmddf rf/ hgf afns / tLg hgf aflnsf u/L s"n ;ft hgf afnaflnsf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . tLdWo] Ps afnssf] ;fpg #) ut] gjnkf/f;Ldf a;df 9'+uf xfg]/ efUg] qmddf v'§f efFlrPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L, @)&@ ebf} & ut] s}nfnLsf] l6sfk'/ 36gfdf b'O{ afns 3fOt] ePsf lyP . @)&@ sflt{s ( ut] ;'g;/Ldf cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] ;d"xn] k]6«f]n af]s]/ ufpF cfpFb} u/]sf JolQmx¿sf] k]6«f]n lgoGq0fdf lnO gi6 ug]{ qmddf Ps ;q jifL{of / csL{ b'O{ jif{sL jflnsf uDeL/ 3fOt] ePkl5 c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . To;


36gfsf] sl/a Ps dlxgfkl5 d+l;/ $ ut], dw];L df]rf{sf sfo{stf{x¿n] df]/ªsf] s6x/Ldf la/fdL af]s]/ lj/f6gu/tkm{ cfpFb} u/]sf] PDa'n]G;df tf]8kmf]8 ubf{ cfdf;Fu leq} /x]sL 8]9 jif]{ aflnsf 3fOt] ePsL lyOg\ . To;sf] b'O{ lbgkl5, d+l;/ ^ ut] ;fFem ;Kt/Ldf k|x/Ln] cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ nlIft u/L rnfPsf] uf]nL d]g/f]8l:yt cfˆg} 3/sf] 5tdf afa';Fu al;/x]sL ;ft jifL{of aflnsfsf] lk7\o'"Fdf nfu]sf] lyof] .

t/fO{ dw]; cfGbf]ngsf qmddf 5 hgf afns / Ps aflnsf u/L s"n ;ft hgf afnaflnsfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] . h;dWo] @)&@ ebf} & ut] s}nfnLsf] l6sfk'/df 8]9 jifL{o 6s]Gb| ;fpbsf] …cfGbf]ngsf/LÚaf6 6fpsf]df uf]nL nfuL Hofg uPsf] lyof] . To; 36gfsf] nueu b'O{ ;ftfkl5, ebf} @% ut] hgsk'/df k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nfuL rf}w jifL{o lblnk ofbj / ;q jifL{o lgs's'df/ ofbjn] hLjg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . To;nuQ}, ebf} @( ut] ¿kGb]xLsf] n'lDagL–e}/xjf ;8scGtu{t ¿kGb]xL a]y/Ldf k|x/L / cfGbf]ngsf/L aLr ePsf] em8kdf rf/ jifL{o rGbg k6]nsf] k|x/Lsf] uf]nL nfuL d[To' ePsf] lyof] . @)&@ d+l;/ !! ut] ;Kt/Ldf k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf] ef/bx ! l:yt ;8sv08df dw];L df]rf{sf sfo{stf{n] rln/x]sf] ofq' a;df cfqmd0f ubf{ a; clgolGqt x'g uO{ klN6Psf] lyof] . ;f] a;df cfˆgf cleefjs;Fu} ofqf ul//x]sL t'n;Lk'/ ( sL gf} jifL{of lgh{nf a:g]tsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L @)&@ k'; % ut] /f}tx6sf] ;b/d'sfd uf}/sf] h'4 pRr dfWolds ljBfnodf sIff !) df cWoog/t t]hfkfs8 ! sf z]v ta/]h cfndsf] k|x/Ln] xfg]sf] uf]nL nfu]/ d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

@)&@ ;fpg #) ut] gjnk/f;Ldf /fqLsfnLg a;x¿df cfGbf]ng/t kIfn] 9'+uf xfGg nufPsf] k'i6L ePsf] lyof] . @)&@ c;f]h !! ut] Dfw]zjfbL df]rf{x¿sf] cfJxfgdf d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd x'nfsL /fhdfu{df dfgj ;fª\nf]df afnaflnsfnfO{ klg k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . @)&@ sflQs @# ut] ;nf{xLsf] d'Vo rf]s glhs} @) hgfsf] ;d"x agfP/ afnsx¿n] ef/tLo ahf/af6 l8hn, k]6«f]n lnP/ cfpg] ;jf/L ;fwgaf6 t]n lgsfNg Uofng / kfOk lnP/ ;8s cj?4 ub}{ gf/fafhL u/]sf lyP . @)&@ c;f]h & ut] af/fdf :sl6{ª ul/Psf] uf8Ldf 9'+uf xfGg cfGbf]ng/t kIfn] afnaflnsfnfO{ @) ¿k}ofF lbP/ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] afnaflnsfn] atfPsf] bfjL k|x/Ln] u¥of] . To;}u/L @)&@ d+l;/ * ut] sf7df08f}df g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] /fhwfgLdf ef/tLo gfsfaGbLlj?4 u/]sf] k|bz{gdf ljleGg lghL tyf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . @)&@ d+l;/ !! ut] ef/tLo gfsfaGbLsf] lj/f]wdf KofA;g, PgKofA;g, lx;fg, cleefjs ;+3 nufotn] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ rqmky / /fhwfgLsf d'Vo ;8sdf ;fª\n] h'n'zdf ;xefuL u/fP . ef]lnkN6, d+l;/ !@ ut] dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g ub}{ hgsk'/df ljBfyL{ /+ue"ld d}bfgdf


afx«la3fdf e]nf eO{ k|bz{g u/] . To;sf] s]xL lbgkl5 d+l;/ !% ut] dw]; cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g eGb} af/fdf KofA;gsf] cu'jfO{df ljBfyL{nfO{ dfgj ;fª\nf] k|bz{g ul/of] . ef]lnkN6}, d+l;/ !^ ut] l;/xfl:yt k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{df afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfyL{ kf];fsd} dfgj ;fª\nf]df ;xefuL u/fOof] . ef]lnkN6}, d+l;/ !& ut] dxf]Q/Ldf KofJ;gsf] cfJxfgdf lhNnfsf &) eGbf a9L lghL ljBfnosf ljBfyL{nfO{ dfgj ;fª\nf]df ;xefuL u/fP . To;sf] tLg lbgkl5 g}, d+l;/ @) ut] tgx"Fdf ef/tLo gfsfaGbLsf] lj/f]w ug{ bdf}nL cgzg rf}tf/fdf cfof]lht ;efdf /fli6«o emG8f af]Sb} ljBfno kf];fsd} ljBfyL{nfO{ g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ n] h'n';df ;xefuL u/fof] . d+l;/ @$ ut] dxf]Q/Ldf lhNnfsf ;Ldf gfsfdf t:s/Lsf nflu ;of}+ afnaflnsfnfO{ lbgdf @ b]lv % k6s;Dd ;dfg cf];fg{ !) b]lv %) ¿k}ofF lbO{ k|of]u ug{] u/]sf] k|sfzdf cfof] . ef]lnkN6} d+l;/ @% ut] /f}tx6df ;+o'Qm dw];L df]rf{n] ljBfyL{nfO{ dfgj ;fª\nf]df k|bz{g u/fof] .

of] ;a} 36gfqmdx¿n] /fhg}lts clei6sf nflu afnaflnsf / ljBfnonfO{ k|of]u ug]{ k|rngnfO{ cem} cGTo ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g eGg] b]vfpF5 . oBkL, /fhg}lts bnx¿n] afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g\ eGg] cjwf/0ffnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] ;/sf/n] ljBfno zflGt If]q /fli6«o 9fFrf / sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf hf/L ul/;s]sf] 5 .

#=!* ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / afnaflnsf

;fdfGotM /fHon] cltcfjZos cfwf/e"t ;xof]usf] cfjZos kg]{ gful/sx¿ / pgLx¿;Fu cfl>t JolQmx¿sf nflu k|bfg ug]{ ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff xf] . of] b]z–b]z cg';f/ km/s x'g ;S5 . g]kfndf lj=;+= !((! -;g\ !(#$÷#%_ lt/ k|yd ljZjo'4af6 kms]{sf 3fOt] g]kfnL ;}lgsx¿nfO{ aflif{s Psd'i6 /sd pknAw u/fpg] sfo{;+u} g]kfndf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|of; z'? ePsf] elgG5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ sf] wf/f $# df ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs zLif{sdf elgPsf] 5 M cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo Psn dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfk\mgf] x]/rfx cfkm}+ ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf ljifoj:t'x¿ ljleGg :j¿kdf 5fqa[lQ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿sf] lgb]{lzsf, lbjf vfhf sfo{qmd lgb]{lzsf, afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$*, afnaflnsf;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%!, afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]g @)%^, afn;+/If0f cg'bfg lgb]{lzsf @)^^ nufotdf ;d]l6Psf 5g\\ .


;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ / lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;/sf/n] afnaflnsf nlIft ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL k|ToIf / ck|ToIf Pjd\ gub tyf lhG;L x:tfGt/0f / ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ h:tf sfo{x¿ u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|ToIf ;]jf ;'ljwfcGtu{t afn kf]if0f gub cg'bfg, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwf / :jf:Yo aLdf, ljleGg afnaflnsfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ / lhG;L ;'ljwf, åGå k|efljt afnaflnsfsf nflu 5fqa[lQ, lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIff, k|fylds ljBfno vfhfh:tf sfo{qmdx¿af6 afnaflnsf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\\ .

o;}u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DalGwt x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'Ts]/L u/fPjfktsf] oftfoft vr{ ;'ljwf, vf]k sfo{qmd, lzIffsf] nflu vfBfGg sfo{qmd, cfof]l8g o'Qm g'g ljt/0f, ;a}sf] nflu lzIff sfo{qmd, !% jif{d'lgsf] afnaflnsfsf] nflu 8fonfOl;;, d'6'/f]u / SofG;/;DaGwL lgMz'Ns pkrf/sf sfo{qmdx¿ nfu' ul/Psf 5g\\ . To;}u/L k"0f{ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ dfl;s ? !))) / cf+l;s ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ dfl;s ? #)) k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . zxLbsf kl/jf/nfO{ hLjgofkg / !* jif{;Ddsf # hgf;Ddsf afnaflnsfnfO{ cWoog vr{ k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .

b'u{d If]qsf afnaflnsf, blnt afnaflnsf tyf ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff afkt kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsf ePsf cfdfnfO{ k|lt afnafnaflnsf b'O{ ;o ¿k}+of lbg] ul/Psf]] 5 . o:tf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf s0ff{nL c~rnel/sf kfFr jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] s0ff{nL c~rn afx]ssf cGo If]qdf blnt kl/jf/sf kfFr jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsfnfO{ dfq k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr ^_ . h;df afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof $ nfv ^^ xhf/ &$ hgfdfq b]lvPsf] 5 . of] ;+Vof ut cfly{s jif{ % nfv & xhf/ & ;o !* hgf /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . o;n] sfo{qmd ;~rfng jf ;"rgf Joj:yfkg dWo] Ps jf b'j}df s]xL sdhf]/L ePsf] OlÍt ub{5 .

afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d]l6Psf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff;DaGwL sfo{qmdaf6 afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo, kf]if0f, lzIff, :ofxf/;';f/ / ;du| afn;+/If0fdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kl//x]sf] hfgsf/L cWoogaf6 kfOG5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ sf] ah]6 aQmJosf] a'Fbf Gf+ @(! df ;a} If]qsf ljkGg kl/jf/sf @ hgf afnaflnsfn] qmdzM afn ;+/If0f cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L a'Fbf g+= @)& df cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] lzIffsf] ;"lglZrttf, lg/Gt/tf / l;sfO{ pknAwLdf ;'wf/ Nofpg nlIft ju{, If]q / ljkGg ;d"xsf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f]T;fxgd"ns ;'ljwfx¿ Plss[t ¿kdf


pknAw u/fpg ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . a'Fbf g+ @!@ df s0ff{nL c~rnsf ;a}, dfgj ljsf; ;"rfÍdf kl5 k/]sf / tf]lsPsf lhNnfx¿sf ljBfyL{nfO{ lbjf vfhf sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

#=!( afnGofo

afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] wf/f #& / $) sf] dd{cg'¿k g]kfnn] afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$*, o;sf] lgodfjnL, @)%! / afnGofo -sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)^# agfO{ sfg"gL ljjfbdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ Gofosf] k|lqmofdf ljz]if ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . afnGofo;DaGwL ljifosf sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ s]Gb|df ;jf]{Rj cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] cWoIftfdf afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 eg] lhNnfx¿df klg lhNnf GofofwLzsf] cWoIftfdf lhNnf afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldltx¿ u7g ePsf 5g\\ . tnsf] tflnsfdf cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df ;fwf/0f rf]/Lb]lv st{Jo Hofg / afn of}g b'/frf/;Ddsf 36gfdf ;+nUg eO afnaflnsf sfg"gsf] ljjfbdf k/]sf] b]lvG5 .

afnljHofFOdf ;+nUg afnaflnsfsf lglDt ckgfOg] afnGofo k|0ffnLsf cltl/Qm afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿df cbfnt ;+j]bgzLn x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . sfg"gn] b08gLo 7fg]sf] sfo{ u/]sf t/ sd pd]/ tyf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ckl/kSjtfsf] sf/0f jo:s ;/x sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfsf afnaflnsfsf] cfr/0f ;Rofpg pko'Qm pkrf/sf nflu /fHon] leGb} k4lt cjnDag ug]{ ub{5 . afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g @)$* sf] bkmf %% df d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L / d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf ckgfpg] o:tf] sfo{ljlw cGtu{t ;/sf/n] cfjZostfcg';f/ afn cbfnt u7g ug]{ JoJf:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjsf k|foM ;a} b]zn] afnaflnsfsf] xsdf o:tf] leGg k4lt ckgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\\ . afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f lbg], uNtL ;Rofpg] / ;dfhk|lt lhDd]jf/ agfpb} sfg"gsf] kfngf u/fpgsf nflu ;'wf/fTds pkfo ckgfpg afnGofo k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] xf] .

g]kfnsf] Gofofnodf afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] dd{cg';f/ s]xL dxTjk"0f{ km};nfx¿ ePsf 5g\ . ;g\ @))% df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltnfO{ lbOPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ To; cjlw;Dd ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] afnaflnsfsf] lxtdf tLgj6f dxTjk"0f{ km};nfx¿ u/]sf] lyof] . afnaflnsfsf] ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ afnSnj u7g ug{ kfpg] cfb]z, ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff pknAw u/fpg] cfb]z tyf ljBfno jf s'g} klg ;+:yfdf afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s ¿kdf bl08t ug{ gkfpg] cfb]z To; cjlwdf g]kfnsf Gofofnon] u/]sf afnaflnsfsf] lxt;Fu ;DalGwt P]ltxfl;s km};nfx¿ lyP .


;jf]{Rr cbfntn] @)&@ ebf} * ut] clwjQmf k'ik/fh kf08]lj?4 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no;d]tsf] d'2fdf dlxnfsf] sf]v ef8fdf lbg] sfo{ ubf{ To;/L hlGdg] afnaflnsfsf] gful/stfnufot cGo xs / dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yosf] ;d]t xsnfO{ Vofn ub}{ tTsfn ;/f]u];L ;]jf aGb ug{ cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/]sf]] 5 .

tflnsf @$M afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL d'2fsf] k|s[lt, hDdf d'2f ;+Vof / km};nfsf] ljj/0f

qm=;= d'2fsf] k|s[lthDdf d'2f

;+Vofkm};nfsf] cj:yf

km};nf ePsf] ;+Vof km};nf x'g afFsL ;+Vof!= ;fwf/0f rf]/L @& @! ^@= gsjhgL rf]/L !! ( @#= st{Ao Hofg & $ #$= Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u % # @%= ha/h:tL s/0fL #& @& !)^= ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u !@ & %&= s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw !% !@ #*= nfu"cf}ifw !^ !! %(= ;jf/L Hofg ! ! )!)= ag;DaGwL # # )!!= ha/h:tL s/0fL

-ck|fs[lts d}y'g_@ @ )

!@= afn of}g b'/frf/ ! ! )!#= cv]6f]kxf/ ! ! )

hDdf !#* !)@ #^!))Ü &#=(Ü @^=!Ü

;|f]tM afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldlt ;lrjfno, @)&#

o; cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df k|fKt ! ;o #* j6f afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL d'2fx¿ dWo] ! ;o @ cyf{t &#=( k|ltzt d'2fx¿ km};nf eO;s]sf 5g\\ eg] afFsL #^ cyf{t @^=! k|ltzt d'2fx¿ rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\\ . o; cfly{s jif{df afnaflnsfn] ug]{ laHofFO{x¿df ;aeGbf al9 ha/h:tL s/0fL;DaGwL d'2fsf] ;+Vof #& b]lvPsf] 5 . To;kl5 ;fwf/0f rf]/L;DaGwL afnlaHofFO{sf] ;+Vof @& b]lvG5 eg] nfu'cf}ifw;DaGwL d'2fx¿sf] ;+Vof !^ b]lvG5 . To:t}


afnaflnsfn] ug]{ cGo laHofFO{x¿df ;fj{hlgs ck/fw, ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u, gsjhgL rf]/L, st{Ao Hofg;DaGwL laHofFO{x¿sf] ;+Vof qmdz !%, !@, !! / & b]lvG5 . o; cfly{s jif{df of}g ;Fu;DaGwL -ha/h:tL s/0fL #&, ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u !@, ha/h:tL s/0fL -ck|fs[lts

d}y'g_ @ / afnof}g b'/frf/ !_ u/L hDdf %@ j6f 36gf cyf{t s"n ljHofO{sf] #&=^* k|ltzt x'g'n]

lsg afnaflnsf of}g ck/fwtkm{ ws]lnO{/x]sf 5g\\ eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg v8f u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{ s"n

ljHofO{sf] $*=*! k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# df cbfntdf btf{ ePsf hDdf ! ;o #* j6f afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL d'2fx¿df k|ltjfbL afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! ;o %^ b]lvG5 h;sf] lnËut ljj/0f x]bf{ ! ;o %% cyf{t ((=# k|ltzt afns /x]sf 5g\\ eg] k|ltjfbL aflnsfsf] ;+Vof ! cyf{t )=& k|ltztdfq b]lvG5 .

tflnsf @%M k|ltjfbL afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof / ln·ut ljj/0f

qm=;= d'2fsf] k|s[lthDdf d'2f

;+VofhDdf k|ltjfbL

;+Vofln·

afns aflnsf!= ;fwf/0f rf]/L @& #) #) )@= gsjhgL rf]/L !! !# !# )#= st{Ao Hofg & * * )$= Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u % % % )%= ha/h:tL s/0fL #& #* #* )^= ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u !@ !@ !@ )&= s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw !% @! @! )*= nfu"cf}ifw !^ !( !( )(= ;jf/L Hofg ! ! ! )!)= ag;DaGwL # % $ !!!= ha/h:tL s/0fL

-ck|fs[lts d}y'g_@ @ @ )

!@= afn of}gb'/frf/ ! ! ! )!#= cv]6f]kxf/ ! ! ! )

hDdf !#* !%^ !%% !!#* !)) ((=#Ü )=&Ü

;|f]tM afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldlt ;lrjfno, @)&#


afnlaHofFOdf ;+nUg ;+VofnfO{ pd]/ut ;d"xdf x]bf{ !$ jif{d'gLsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof ^^ cyf{t $@=# k|ltzt b]lvG5 eg] !$ b]lv !^ jif{aLrsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof () cyf{t %&=& k|ltzt b]lvG5 . h;dWo] !%% hgf afns / ! hgfdfq aflnsf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL hDdf km};nf d'2fx¿dWo] &* j6f cyf{t &^=% k|ltzt d'2fx¿df afnaflnsfnfO{ bf]ifL 7x/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] @# cyf{t @@=% k|ltzt d'2fx¿df afnaflnsfnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf @^M afnlaHofFO{sf d'2fx¿df km};nf;DaGwL] ljj/0f

qm=;= d'2fsf] k|s[ltkm};nf ePsf hDdf

d'2f ;+Vofkm};nf

7x/ ;kmfO{ d'2f kl/jt{g!= ;fwf/0f rf]/L @! !* # )@= gsjhgL rf]/L ( ^ # )#= st{Ao Hofg $ @ @ )$= Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u # @ ! )%= ha/h:tL s/0fL @& @@ $ !^= ha/h:tL s/0fL pBf]u & $ # )&= s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw !@ ( # )*= nfu"cf}ifw !! !) ! )(= ;jf/L Hofg ! ) ! )!)= ag;DaGwL # @ ! )!!= ha/h:tL s/0fL -ck|fs[lts d}y'g_ @ ! ! )!@= afn of}gb'/frf/ ! ! ) )!#= cv]6f]kxf/ ! ! )

hDdf !)@ &* @# !!)) &^=%Ü @@=%Ü !Ü

;|f]tM afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, @)&#

afnlaHofFO{;DaGwL bf]ifL 7x/ ePsf hDdf &* d'2fx¿dWo] #) j6f cyf{t #*=% k|ltzt d'2fdf ;hfo :yug u/L cleefjs, ljBfnosf] lhDdfdf tyf cGo tf]lsPsf] zt{x¿ kfngf ug]{ u/L 5fl8Psf] 5 eg] @( cyf{t #&=! k|ltzt d'2fdf s}b 7]lsPsf] 5 . To:t} @ cyf{t @=^ k|ltzt d'2fdf hl/dfgf / @ cyf{t @=^ k|ltzt d'2fdf s}b / hl/dfgf b'j} ;hfo ul/Psf] 5 / !% j6f d'2fdf cyf{t !(=@ k|ltzt d'2fdf ;DemfO{a'emfO{ u/L 5fl8Psf] 5 .


afnGofo sfo{ljlw lgodfjnLsf] lgod !^ cGtu{t d'2f bfo/ ePsf] !@) lbg leq km};nf ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]tfklg cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# ;fndf hDdf km};nf ePsf ! ;o @ j6f d'2fx¿sf] km};nf ug{ nfu]sf] ;dofjlw x]bf{ hDdf ^( cyf{t ^&=^ k|ltzt d'2fx¿dfq $ dlxgfleq, @^ cyf{t @%=% k|ltzt d'2fx¿ ^ dlxgfleq / afFsL & cyf{t ^=( k|ltzt d'2fx¿ ! jif{leq km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . Ps jif{leq km};nf ePsf & d'2fdf ha/h:tL s/0fLsf # nfu" cf}ifw;DaGwL @ st{JoHofg;DaGwL ! / gsjhgL rf]/L cGtu{t ! d'2f /x]sf 5g\\ .

#=@) afn;'wf/ u[x

afnGofosf] dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] afn;'wf/ u[xsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t xfn;Dd eQmk'/, df]/ª / sf:sLdf dfq afn;'wf/u[x ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\\ eg] afFs] lhNnfdf ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg e};s]sf] 5 / ;~rfngsf] tof/Ldf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'0f{ ;xof]udf oL ;'wf/ u[xx¿ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L Go"gtd ;'ljwfljlxg afnaflnsfsf nflu z}lIfs sfoqmd -o';]k_ g]kfnnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefusf] tkm{af6 lgodfg';f/sf] /fzg tyf aGbLnfO{ lbOg] ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g'sf ;fy} cfjZos ;'/IffsdL{ v6fO{Psf] 5 . ;'wf/ u[x ;~rfngsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] x/]s jif{ cg'bfg ;d]t lbb} cfPsf] 5 . oBkL oL ;'wf/ u[xx¿sf] ;~rfng p4]Zo cg'¿k k|efjsf/L ¿kdf x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . afnaflnsfsf xssf lglDt ;'wf/fTds ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ug{ yk ldx]gt ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

tflnsf @&M afn;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf afnaflnsf

d'2feQmk'/ sf:sL df]/ª

s"nkm};nf ePsf] k'k{If hDdf km};nf

ePsf] k'k{If hDdf km};nf ePsf] k'k{If hDdf

st{Jo Hofg !) # !# !) !# @# ^ @ * $$ha/h:tL s/0fL %@ @& &( !! @$ #% @@ !% #& !%!Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u ) ) ) ! ) ! @ @ $ %dfgj ckx/0f ) # # ! ) ! ) ! ! %nfu" cf}ifw @ ( !! # # ^ ) ! ! !*8fFsf ! ) ! ) ) ) ) ) ) !rf]/L # % * # ) # ) ) ) !!;fj{hlgs ck/fw ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ! ! !;jf/L Hofg÷cËeË ) ) ) ! ) ! ) ! ! @s"n hDdf ^* $& !!% #) $) &) #) @# %# @#*

;|f]t M o';]k g]kfn, @)&#


xfn ;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf dWo] ^#=$$ k|ltzt of}g;DaGwL ck/fw, @)=%* k|ltzt st{Jo Hofg / Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u, &=%^ k|ltzt nfu'cf}ifwnufotsf uDeL/ cfk/flws sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvG5 . ctM o:tf afnaflnsfsf] lglDt afn;'wf/ u[xdf ;hfo cjlw Joltt ug]{dfq geO{ plgx¿sf lglDt u[xx¿af6 ;'wf/fTds k|lqmof ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . ;fy} s] s;/L afnaflnsf o:tf ultljlwdf ;+nUg x'G5g\\ eGg] ljZn]if0f u/L /f]syfdd"ns lqmofsnfktkm{ klg Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 .

afn ;'wf/ u[xx¿df x/]s jif{ cbfntsf] lg0f{oaf6 tyf k|zf;g sfof{nox¿af6 ;d]t ;hfo tf]lsP/ jf k'k{Ifsf nflu afnlaHofO{df ;+nUg ePsf afnaflnsf afn;'wf/ u[xdf k|j]z ub{5g\\ eg] 36gf cg';f/ cflwsfl/s lgsfosf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tyf tf]lsPsf] ;hfosf] cjlwsf] ;dfKtL kZrft afnaflnsfnfO{ 5'6sf/f lbO{ ;s];Dd kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf gft]bf/;Fu k'gld{ng u/fOg] ul/G5 . ctM jif{e/L afnaflnsf cfpg] / hfg] qmd hf/L /xG5 . cf=j= @)&!÷@)&@ / @)&@÷@)&# df k|j]z u/]sf, kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ngdf uPsf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf @*M afn;'wf/ u[x k|j]z u/]sf / kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng u/]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f

afn ;'wf/ u[x k|j]z u/]sf afnaflnsf afn ;'wf/ u[xaf6 kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng u/]sf afnaflnsf

qm=;= ;'wf/ u[x cf=a= )&! ÷

)&@cf=a= )&@÷

)&#cf=a=

)&!÷)&@cf=a=

)&@÷)&#

1 eQmk'/ 100 87 82 61

2 sf:sL 41 38 42 27

3 df]/ª 45 51 47 37

;|f]t M o';]k g]kfn, @)&#

ut cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ df s"n ! ;o *^ hgf afnaflnsf afn;'wf/ u[xdf k|j]z u/]sf lyP / ! ;o &! hgf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'wf/ u[xaf6 kl/jf/df k'gld{ng u/fO{Psf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# k|j]z / k'gld{ngsf] ;+Vof qmdzM ! ;o &^ / ! ;o @% /x]sf] 5 .

#=@! afnaflnsfsf] :ofxf/

afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #$ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZostfcg';f/ b]ze/ afnsNof0f u[xsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{ jf ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf


ul/Psf] 5 / bkmf #% df j]jfl/; afnsnfO{ afnsNof0f u[xdf /fVg] Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L bkmf $# df afj', cfdf gePsf cgfy, ckfË jf ;':t dgl:yltsf afnaflnsfsf] kfngkf]if0f tyf af;:yfgsf lglDt cfjZostfcg';f/ cgfyfno tyf ;':t dgl:ylt s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{ Joj:yf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} afnu[xdf afnaflnsfsf] lxtsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^( sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .

cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^( sf] dfkb08 ^$ sf] v08 -u_ cg';f/ k|rlnt P]g lgodcg';f/ btf{ ePsf ;+:yfn] sf7df08f} pkTosfdf s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 / cGo lhNnfx¿df lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 cg'dlt lnPkl5 dfq cfjf;Lo afnu[x ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] k|fjwfg 5 . o;df cfjf;Lo afnu[xsf] ;'ljwf cfjZos ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{, afnaflnsfsf] k"0f{ kl/ro v'nfpg], cfjZos :jf:Yof]krf/sf ;fy} dgf];fdflhs x]/rfx / sfg"gL sfjf{xLsf] k|lqmof z'? ug]{, cfjf;, kf]zfs tyf ef]hgsf] Joj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g'kg]{ nufotsf ljifodf lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} afnaflnsfsf] egf{, ;]jf / ;'ljwf, bfloTj, uf]klgotf, cg'zf;g, ljbfO{ / k'g{ldng;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ / afnaflnsfsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf cGo gft]bf/ kQf nfu]sf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿nfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ tyf afnu[xdf egf{ ul/Psf afnaflnsfsf] xs nfUg] k'Vof}{nL jf cGo ;DklQsf] vf]hL / ;+/If0f ug]{nufotsf ljsf;, ;+/If0f, arfj6 / ;xeflutf;Fu ;DalGwt s"n &* j6f dfkb08x¿sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

#=@!=! afnu[x

ut cfly{s jif{ -@)&!÷&@_ df $$ lhNnfx¿df hDdf % ;o && cfjf;Lo afnu[xx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf lyP . oL afnu[xx¿df afns & xhf/ ( ;o *( / aflnsf * xhf/ $ ;o !! u/L hDdf !^ xhf/ $ ;o afnaflnsf cfl>t /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . o; cfly{s jif{ -@)&@÷&#_ df cGo yk lhNnfx¿df afnu[x ;~rfngdf cfPsf] kfOPg / pQm $$ lhNnfx¿df hDdf % ;o &@ cfjf;Lo afnu[x¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . pQm afnu[xx¿dWo] k|b]z g+= ! sf & lhNnfx¿df @( j6f, k|b]z g+= @ sf * lhNnfx¿df !% j6f, k|b]z g+= # sf !! lhNnfx¿df $ ;o @! j6f, k|b]z g+= $ sf $ lhNnfx¿df %$ j6f, k|b]z g+= % sf & lhNnfx¿df @( j6f, k|b]z g+= ^ sf $ lhNnfx¿df !@ j6f / k|b]z g+= & sf # lhNnfx¿df !@ j6f afnu[xx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . tL afnu[xdf afns * xhf/ $ ;o #% / aflnsf * xhf/ $ ;o %! u/L hDdf !^ xhf/ * ;o *^ hgf afnaflnsf cfl>t /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr &_.


pQm $$ lhNnfx¿dWo] !& j6f lhNnfx¿df k|lt lhNnf Ps–Ps j6f dfq afnu[x ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] ;a}eGbf w]/} sf7df08f} lhNnfdf @ ;o / qmdzM nlntk'/df ! ;o #@, sf:sLdf $^, lrtjgdf ## / eQmk'/df !* j6f afnu[xx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . sf7df08f} pkTosfdf dfq hDdf # ;o %) -s"n afnu[xsf] ^!=!* k|ltzt_ afnu[xx¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] afnu[x / cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] ;"rgf Jojl:yt ug]{ p4]Zon] Ps ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f u/L afnu[xsf] cfwf/e"t ;"rgfx¿ Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{sf] yfnlg u/]sf]] 5 . @)&# ;fn c;f/ ;dfGt;Dddf sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ;~rflnt ! ;o !^ / sf:sL lhNnfdf ;~rflnt %@ u/L hDDff ! ;o ^* afnu[xsf ! ;o *% hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ afnu[x / ToxfF /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f /fVg] k|of]hgsf nflu pQm ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdaf6 cfjf;Lo afnu[x / ToxfF /x]sf / ;+/If0fsf nflu egf{ x'g cfpg] afnaflnsfsf] egf{, ljbfO{ / k'g:yfkgf k|lqmof Jojl:yt ug{ / hGdbtf{ tyf gful/stf agfpg] cflb sfo{df cfpg] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ kf/bzL{ 9+un] 5nkmn ;dfwfg ug{ ;xh x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy} lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ afnu[x / afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f nufot afnu[xsf sfo{qmd, p4]Zox¿ / ;d:ofsf af/]df ;d]t ;xhLs/0f / lgodg ug{ ;xh x'g] ePsf] 5 .

cfjf;Lo afnu[x ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)^( sf] dfkb08 ^$ æuÆ n] afnu[x ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL k|of]hgsf nflu s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 afnu[x ;~rfng cg'dlt / gjLs/0fsf lgldQ cfjZos zt{ tyf k"jf{wf/;DaGwL Joj:yfkg ;"rL, @)&# lgdf{0f u/L krxQ/} lhNnfdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu kqfrf/ ul/Psf] 5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 $) / ;DalGwt lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 # ;o &$ u/L hDdf $ ;o !$ j6f afnu[xx¿sf] :ynut cg'udg u/L ;'wf/sf nflu cfjZos ;'emfj ;d]t lbOPsf] 5 . ljleGg dfWodaf6 k|fKt ;"rgf tyf :ynut cg'udgsf qmddf !) j6f afnu[xx¿ k|rlnt dfkb08 ljkl/t ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / afnaflnsf yk hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg] b]lvPsfn] ToxfFaf6 &^ afns / ^) aflnsf u/L hDdf ! ;o #^ afnaflnsfsf] p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 . tLdWo] !^ afns / @) aflnsf ;DalGwt kl/jf/df k7fOPsf], # afns, @ aflnsf cGo afnu[xdf ;+/If0fsf nflu k7fOPsf] ;fy} %& afns / #* aflnsf yk kfl/jfl/s n]vfhf]vfkZrft k'gld{ngsf nflu cfjlws u[xdf k7fOPsf] 5 .


s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] xfn} ;~rfng u/]sf] sf7df08f} pkTosfleqsf gd'gf 5gf}6 ul/Psf $( j6f afnu[xdf cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] ;fdflhs ;DaGw cWoogsf] k|f/lDes glthfaf6 clwsf+z afnu[xx¿ a}b]lzs ;xof]udf g} ;~rfngdf /x]sf] tyf sl/j PsltxfO{n] eg] wfld{s ;d"xaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ul//x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;xefuL afnu[x ;~rfnsx¿sf cg';f/ b'O{ ltxfO{eGbf a9L afnaflnsf kfl/jfl/s sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f afnu[xdf cfPsf] / ltgnfO{ cleefjs jf gft]bf/n] g} afnu[xdf NofPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm, afnaflnsf / pgLx¿sf cleefjsx¿n] dfGb} cfPsf] wd{sf] aLrdf km/s kfOPsf] 5 . afnu[xdf afnaflnsf k7fPsf cleefjsx¿n] dfg]sf] wd{sf] ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} lxGb' wd{ dfGg] / To;kl5 bf];|f]df lqmlZrog wd{ dfGg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oL b'O{ wd{ dfGg]x¿sf] t'ngfdf af}4, O:nfd, ls/fFtL tyf cGo wd{ dfGg]sf] ;+Vof Go"g kfOPsf] 5 . cWoog ul/Psf afnu[xx¿df /x]sf ;a}eGbf w]/} -ljleGg wd{x¿dWo]_ afnaflnsfn] lqmlZrog wd{ dfg]sf] t/ pgLx¿sf cleefjsx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} lxGb' wd{ dfGg]x¿ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . afnu[x ;~rfns tyf cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ bftfn] dfg]sf] jf cf:yf /fv]sf] wd{k|lt afnu[xdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] a9L e'msfj ePsf] jf ;f] dfGg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] kfOPsf]] 5 . vf;u/L, cleefjs ljxLg afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/af6 kl/ToQm afnaflnsfdf afnu[x ;~rfnssf] k|efj a9L kg{ uO{ afnu[x ;~rfnsn] cFufn]sf] wd{nfO{ To:tf afnaflnsfn] klg cFufNg;Sg] cj:yf Pj+ ;Defjgf w]/} b]lvPsf] b]lvG5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf, kl/jf/af6 pkrf/ tyf lzIffsf] /fd|f] k|aGw gkfPsf afns &* hgf aflnsf ^( u/L ! ;o $& hgfnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . o;} u/L ljif]iftM ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ afnu[xx¿df /x]sf ## afns / #& aflnsf u/L &) hgfnfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

#=@!=@ wfld{s ;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsf

&% lhNnfx¿dWo] $% lhNnfaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ cg';f/ @& j6f lhNnf -emfkf, Ko"7fg, kf“ry/, wflbª\, b}n]v, cf]vn9'Ëf, sGrgk'/, ef]hk'/, d'u', :ofª\hf, eQmk'/, Onfd, dsjfgk'/, x'Dnf, uf]/vf, ¿kGb]xL, lrtjg, afun'ª\, wg'iff, ;'g;/L, s}nfnL, ?s'd, l;/xf, alb{of, ;Kt/L, ;nf{xL / sf7df08f} lhNnf_ x¿sf wfld{s ;+:yfx¿df afnaflnsf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] cflwsfl/s ¿kdf ljleGg wfld{s ;+3;+:yfdf afnaflnsf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf g/x]sf]] lhNnfx¿ -a}t8L, t]x|y'd, vf]6fª\, c3f{vf“rL, ;+v'jf;ef, ;Nofg, bfr'{nf, hfh/sf]6, kfNkf, dgfª\,


;'v]{t, 88]Nw'/f, u'NdL, bfª\, c5fd, /;'jf, tfKn]h'ª / /f]Nkf_ !* j6f /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt @& lhNnfsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ afnaflnsf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf lxGb' wd{;“u ;DalGwt /x]sf dlGb/, wfd, u'?s"n, ljBflk7, cf>d / s]Gb|x¿sf] ;+Vof $$, af}4 wd{;“u ;DalGwt u'Daf / ljxf/x¿sf ;+Vof #!, O:nfd wd{;“u ;DalGwt db/;fx¿sf] ;+Vof ^!, / lqmlZrog wd{;“u ;DalGwt rr{x¿sf] ;+Vof !! u/L s"n !$& j6f wfld{s ;+:yfx¿df % xhf/ @ ;o #$ afns / ! xhf/ $ ;o %@ u/L ^ xhf/ ^ ;o *^ hgf afnaflnsf ljleGg @& lhNnfsf wfld{s ;+3;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . af}4 wd{;Fu ;DalGwt w]/} u'Dafx¿df afnaflnsf /xg] u/]sf] eP klg o;;DaGwL PsLs[t tYofÍ pknJw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sf7df08f}nufotsf sltko lhNnfdf jf}4 wd{;Fu ;DalGwt u'Dafx¿af6 afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljj/0f k|fKt x'g sl7gfO /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr *_ .

#=@@ uf]kgLotfsf] xssf] ;+/If0f

;+ljwfgsf] efu $ df /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTjcGtu{t wf/f %! Dff /fHosf gLltx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . tLdWo] /fhgLlts tyf zf;g Joj:yf;DaGwL Pp6f gLltdf g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ hgfOPsf] 5 . g]kfn kIf ePsf] afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !^ n] afnaflnsfsf] uf]klgotfsf] ;+/If0f u/]sf] 5 . pQm wf/fdf s'g} klg afnaflnsfsf] uf]klgotf, kl/jf/, 3/ jf n]vfk9Ldf :j]R5frf/L jf u}/ sfg"gL x:tIf]k ul/g]] 5}g, pgLx¿sf] k|lti7f tyf VoftLdf u}/ sfg"gL ¿kdf cfqmd0f ul/g]5}g eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xscGtu{t wf/f @* df uf]kgLotfsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] uf]kgLotfsf] xs ;+/If0f ug]{ qmddf ;+rf/sf] >Jo–b[io Pjd\ 5fkf dfWoddf lx+;f, zf]if0f jf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;"rgf jf ;dfrf/df jf:tljs gfd glbg] / t:jL/ glrg] u/L lbg] cEof; a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsflj?4 ePsf vf;u/L of}gzf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/nufot afnlaHofFO{sf 36gfx¿df cbfntL sf/jfxLsf qmddf lnvtx¿df afnaflnsfsf] jf:tljs gfd pNn]v gu/L ;fÍ]lts gfd pNn]v ug]{ Joj:yf ;a}lt/ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 .


afnljsf;

$=! kl/ro

o; kl/R5]bdf JolQm, kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / ;dfhsf ljleGg kIfx¿;Fusf] cGt/lqmof / ;xof]udf lge{/ x'g] afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, 1fgfTds, ;fdflhs kIfx¿sf] ljsf;sf;+u ;DalGwt afnaflnsfsf] lzIff -wf/f @* / @(_, v]n tyf dgf]/~hg -wf/f #!_ h:tf afnljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ljifox¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

$=@ k|f/lDes afnljsf;

ljZj a}+ssf] Ps cWoogcg';f/ dfgj dl:tissf] ljsf; uef{j:yfdf @% k|ltzt / hGd]b]lv % jif{sf] pd]/;Dd *) b]lv () k|ltzt eO;Sb5 . To;}n] uef{j:yfb]lv % jif{sf] pd]/nfO{ k|f/lDes afnljsf;sf] pd]/ dfgL afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds / ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{df g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_, lzIff P]g, @)@* tyf lzIff lgodfjnLnufotsf sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿df k|f/lDes afnljsf;nfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] 5 . o;}qmddf k|f/lDes afnljsf; lgb]{lzsf, @)^# tyf ;a}sf nflu lzIff /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf -;g\ @))!–@)!%_ df afnljsf;sf] ;~rfng cem Jojl:yt ug]{ k|of; pNn]v ePsf] 5 .

k|f/lDes afnljsf;nfO{ b]zJofkL agfpg] qmddf cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ sf] z}lIfs ;qdf s"n #% xhf/ ! ;o @! k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb| /x]sf lyP eg] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] z}lIfs ;qdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afnljsf; s]Gb| #) xhf/ $ ;o $* / ;+:yfut ljBfnodf

$kl/R5]b


cfwfl/t afnljsf; s]Gb| % xhf/ % ;o $# u/L hDdf #% xhf/ ( ;o (! j6f afnljsf; s]Gb| ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljut jif{x¿b]lv afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] ;+Vof qmdzM a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf @)&@ ;fnsf] k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] tYofÍ;lxt tLg jif{sf] ;+Vof lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf @(M k|f/lDes afn ljsf; s]Gb|

2069 2070 2071 2072;fd'bflos ljBfno / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t

29273 29535 30034 30,448

;+:yfut ljBfnodf cfwfl/t 4901 5087 5087 5,543

hDdf 34174 34622 35121 35,991

;|f]tM lzIff ljefu, @)&#

dflysf] tflnsfdf @)^( ;fnnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf @)&) df !=#!, @)&! df !=$$ / @)&@ ;fndf @=$* k|ltztn] afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] qmdzM a[l4 eO/x]sf] b]lvPaf6 afnljsf;df ;/sf/n] lbPsf] k|fyldstf pNn]vgLo dfGg ;lsG5 .

lzIff ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/ k|f/lDes afn ljsf;sf] egf{b/ *! k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 h'g ut jif{ &&=& k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . @)&! ;fndf #% xhf/ ! ;o @! afnljsf; s]Gb|df hDdf !) nfv !$ xhf/ # ;o #( afnaflnsf -aflnsf $ nfv ** xhf/ ^ ;o @* / afns % nfv @% xhf/ & ;o !!_ egf{ ePsf]df @)&@ ;fndf #% xhf/ ( ;o (! afnljsf; s]Gb|x¿df hDdf ( nfv && xhf/ # ;o ^% afnaflnsf -aflnsf $ nfv &) xhf/ % ;o @) hgf / afns % nfv ^ xhf/ * ;o $% hgf_ egf{ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf @)&@ ;fnsf] z}lIfs ;qdf #^ xhf/ ( ;o &$ hgf afnaflnsf 36]sf] b]lvG5 . afnljsf; s]Gb|sf] lj:tf/ / o;k|ltsf] hgrf;f] a9\bfa9\b} klg afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof 36\g hfg'n] hg;+Vofsf] a[l4sf] 36\bf] b/sf] k|efjsf] ;Í]t cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

k|f/lDes afnljsf;sf] cg'ej;lxt sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof / ! sIffsf s"n ljBfyL{dWo] k|f/lDes afnljsf;sf] cg'ej ePsfsf] k|ltzt ;aeGbf a9L t/fO{df b]lvPsf] 5 . hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] of] cj:yf :jefljs g} xf] .


tflnsf #)M k|f/lDes afnljsf;sf] cg'ej;lxt sIff ! df egf{ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f

ef}uf]lns If]qsIff ! df gofF egf{ ;+Vof

k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|af6 sIff ! df egf{ ePsf s"n ljBfyL{df o;sf] k|ltzt

aflnsf afns hDdf aflnsf -%_ afns -%_ hDdf -%_

lxdfn 21,349 21,075 42,424 55.9 58.2 57

kxf8 82,775 86,146 1,68,921 57.6 58.5 58.1

sf7df08f} pkTosf

14,904 16.061 30,965 58.6 63.5 61.1

t/fO 1,48,432 1,43,002 2,91,434 66.9 65.9 66.4

hDdf 2,67,460 2,66,284 5,33,744 62.3 62.5 62.4


k|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|af6 sIff ! df cfPsf afnaflnsf / s"n ljBfyL{df o;sf] k|ltzt eg] ut z}lIfs ;qdf %(=^ k|ltzt /x]sf]df o; z}lIfs ;qdf ^@=$ k|ltzt cyjf @=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] b]lvG5 .

lzIff ljefusf] ut z}lIfs ;q -@)&!÷&@_ cg';f/ sIff ! df egf{ ePsf s"n ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ( nfv @@ xhf/ ! ;o $& hgf /x]sf]df o;kfnLsf] z}lIfs ;qdf s"n !) nfv, %# xhf/ * ;o @$ hgf ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';'lr (_

$=# ljBfno:t/sf] lzIff

g]kfn ;/sf/ afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @* / @( cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf] lzIff l:ylt ;'wf/df k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo cg';f/ k|fylds ljBfno egf{ / n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] ;"rsdf pNn]vgLo k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] lzIffnfO{ df}lns xscGtu{t ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ul/Psf] nufgL tyf Jofks z}lIfs r]tgf hfu/0f sfo{qmdsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k k|fylds lzIffdf egf{b/ a9\b} cfPsf] 5 . lzIff ljefusf] tYofÍcg';f/ k|fylds ljBfnodf v"b egf{b/ @)&! ;fndf (^=@ k|ltzt / @)&@ ;fndf (^=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . lgDg dfWolds:t/df v"b egf{b/ &&=& k|ltzt -ut jif{ &$=^_ b]lvG5 eg] dfWolds -sIff ( / !)_ :t/df %*=^ -ut jif{ %^=!_ k|ltzt / pRr dfWolds:t/df -sIff !! / !@_ df !^=$ -ut jif{ !#=!_


k|ltzt b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;fdfGotM k|fylds:t/eGbf dfly sIff a9\b} hfFbf v"b egf{b/ eg] qmdzM sd x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 .

ljBfyL{sf] pxL sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/df klg qmlds ¿kdf ;'wf/ x'b} cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . @)&@ df sIff ! / sIff * df bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/ qmdzM !#=( k|ltzt / #=( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . z}lIfs ;q @)&! df of] b/ qmdzM !%=@ k|ltzt / $=% k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

@)&@ ;fndf b]ze/df k|fyldstxdf @! nfv ^% xhf/ # ;o *^ 5fqf / @) nfv (( xhf/ % ;o %^ 5fq u/L hDdf $@ nfv ^$ xhf/ ( ;o $@ ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] @)&! ;fndf @@ nfv ! xhf/ # ;o !# 5fqf / @! nfv #$ xhf/ $@ 5fq u/L hDdf $# nfv #% xhf/ # ;o %% ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf] lyof] . o;af6 b]zdf s"n hGdb/ qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k k|fyldstxdf ljBfyL{ egf{b/df sdL cfpg yfn]sf] ;Í]t x'g;Sg] b]lvG5 . ljBfyL{ egf{sf] cg'kft x]g]{ xf] eg] lgDg dfWolds / cfwf/e"t txdf klg 5fqfsf] ;+Vof 5fqsf] t'ngfdf pRr /x]sf] kfOG5 . tnsf] tflnsfdf cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Tfflnsf #!M z}lIfstxsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof, @)&@

z}lIfstx÷ljBfyL{ ;+Vof 5fqf 5fq hDdf aflnsf egf{ k|ltzt

k|fylds -!–%_ 21,65,386 20,99,556 42,64,942 50=8

lgDgdfWolds -^–*_ 9,44,816 9,18,057 18,62,873 50=7

cfwf/e"t -!–*_ 31,10,202 30,17,613 61,27,815 50=8

sIff ( – !) 478,168 460729 938,897 50.9

sIff !! – !@ 228350 222403 450,753 50.10

sIff ( – !@ 706,518 683,132 1,389,650 50.11

sIff ! – !@ ;Dd 3,816,720 3,700,745 7,517,465 50.12


ut z}lIfs ;qdf dfWoldstxdf -sIff ( / !)_ ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof ( nfv % ;o *%, pRr dfWoldstxdf $ nfv !^ xhf/ ( ;o (% / sIff (–!@ sf] dfWolds:t/df !# nfv !& xhf/ % ;o *) lyof] eg] of] z}lIfs ;qdf -@)&@_ dfWoldstxdf ( nfv #* xhf/ * ;o


(&, pRr dfWoldstxdf $ nfv %) xhf/ & ;o %# / dfWolds:t/ -sIff (–!@_ df !# nfv *( xhf/ ^ ;o %) /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ljBfnosf] dflyNnf] sIffx¿df ljBfyL{ egf{ ;+Vof a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&@÷&# cg';f/ z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df sIff !! / !@ df cWoog ug]{ lgoldt ljBfyL{ ;+Vof z}lIfs ;q @)&! sf] t'ngfdf sl/a @ k|ltztn] 36]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

n}lËs ;dfgtf ;"lr of] z}lIfs ;qdf k|fylds:t/df )=((, lgDg dfWolds:t/df !=)#, dfWolds:t/df )=(* / pRr dfWolds:t/df !=)# /x]sf] 5 eg] ut z}lIfs ;qdf lgDg dfWolds:t/df !=)@ /x]sf] lyof] afFsL c? ;"lr ;dfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ljBfno lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 afns / aflnsf b'j}n] sl/a ;dfg cj;/ kfPsf] b]lvG5 . txut ljBfyL{sf] s"n egf{b/ / v"b egf{b/ / n}lËs ;dtf ;"rs tnsf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf #@M txut ljBfyL{ egf{b/ -s"n / v"b egf{b/ tyf n}l·s ;dfgtf ;"rs_ ljj/0f

ljBfno txs'n egf{b/ v'b egf{b/ n}l·s ;dtf

;"rs 5fqf 5fq hDdf 5fqf 5fq hDdf

k|fylds tx -!–%_ 140.8 130.2 135.4 96.3 96.9 96.6 1.03

lgDgdfWolds tx -^–*_ 97.4 93.4 95.4 78.9 76.5 77.7 1.03

cfwf/e"t tx -!–*_ 124.1 116.3 120.1 89.6 89.2 89.4 1.03

dfWolds tx -(–!)_ 74.7 75.5 75.1 57.3 58.6 57.9 1.04

pRrdfWolds tx -!!–!@_ 37.6 37.6 37.6 16.9 16.4 16.6 0.9

dfWolds tx -!–!@_ 56.6 56.8 56.7 37.6 37.8 37.7 1.03

;|f]tM cfly{s ;j]{If0f, cy{ dGqfno, @)&@÷&#

ljBfnotxsf] -sIff !–!@_ ;du| egf{ ;+Vofdf 5fqsf] eGbf 5fqfsf] ;+Vof a9L x'g'n] 5f]/f / 5f]/LaLr ca lzIffdf lae]b ;dfKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . pRrdfWolds tx -sIff !!–!@_ df dfq n}lËs ;dtf ;"rs )=( /x]sf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr !)_ .


u|fkm $M sIffut ljBfyL{ egf{ ;+Vof

lzIff ljefusf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df k|fylds:t/df sIff ! df egf{ eO sIff % ;Dd k'Ug] afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt *&=% -afns *&=! / aflnsf *&=(_ tyf sIff * ;Dd k'Ug]sf] k|ltzt &^=^ -afns &%=( / aflnsf &&=$_ b]lvG5 . of] b/ ut z}lIfs ;qdf qmdzM *^=* / &$=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

lzIffdf kx'Frsf] a[l4 ;Gtf]ifhgs x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvPtf klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ eg] r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|sf cg';f/ sIff # df g]kfnL ljifosf] ljBfyL{ l;sfO{ pknlAw /fli6«o cf};t ;g\ @)!@ df ^# k|ltzt /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!% df %@ df em/]sf] 5 eg] ul0ftdf qmdzM ^) af6 $% df em/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L sIff % sf] g]kfnLdf l;sfO{ pknlAw ;g\ @)!@ df ^) /x]sf]df @)!% df $^, ul0ftdf qmdzM %# / $* tyf c+u|]hLdf %$ / $& x'g cfpg'n] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sFb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . ;+:yfuteGbf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf / zx/L If]qsf eGbf u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfnodf l;sfO{ pknlAw t'ngfTds ¿kdf sdL /xsf] b]lvG5 .

ljBfyL{ egf{ tyf l6sfpsf nflu ckgfOPsf /0fgLltx¿

• clgjfo{ tyf lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttf tyf z}lIfs k'g{;+/rgfsf] nflu lzIff P]g cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg u/L sfg"gL k|fjwfg NofO{Psf] .

• sIff * ;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf tyf cfwf/e"t tx;Dd cWoog/t ;Dk"0f{ 5fqfx¿sf] nflu 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

• cfjf;Lo 5fqj[lQ a9fOPsf] / kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf Ps–Ps gd"gf cfjf;Lo ljBfnosf] nflu kfFr lhNNffx¿ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] -k"jf{~rn l;/fxf, dWodf~rn /f}tx6, klZrdf~rn slknj:t', dWo]klZrdf~rn afFs] / ;'b'/ klZrdf~rn s}nfnL_ .


• d'Qm sDnx/Lx¿sf nflu lgoldt 5fqj[lQ tyf cfjf;Lo 5fqjf; ;'ljwfdf j[l4 ul/Psf], ;LdfGts[t ju{ / nlIft ;d'bfo tyf s0ff{nL c~rnsf afnaflnsfsf] nflu sIff !@ ;Dd lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':tssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

• clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)&!, ljBfno aflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] nflu /0fgLlts of]hgf @)&), ljBfno lzIffsf] nflu ;dtf /0fgLlt @)&!, u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu afnd}qL ljBfno /fli6«o k|f¿k @)^&, ljBfno zflGt If]q /fli6«o 9fFrf tyf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)^* nfu" ul/Psf] .

• lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ / ljBfno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd -;g\ @)!^–@@_ nfu" ul/Psf] .

$=$ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff

g]kfn ;/sf/n] lzIff P]g, @)@* -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg P]g, @)&#_ sf] bkmf !^ -3_ ! df lgMz'Ns lzIff 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ljBfno lzIffsf nflu ;fd'bflos ljBfnon] ljBfyL{sf] gfddf s'g} lsl;dsf] z'Ns lng gkfpg] Joj:yf u/sf] 5 eg] bkmf !^ 3 -!_ v df ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns tyf dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff k|bfg ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf]] 5 .

lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff lgb]{lzsf, @)&@, th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . @! lhNnfdf lgz'Ns clgjfo{ lzIff sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df lgMz'Ns tyf clgjfo{ cfwf/e"t lzIff nfu" ul/Psf kfFry/, sf:sL, d':tfª, wgs'6f, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, nlntk'/, eQmk'/, k;f{, ¿kGb]xL, :ofª\hf, dgfª, 8f]Nkf, x'Dnf, alb{of, ;'v]{t, hfh/sf]6, 8f]6L, a}t8L, 88]Nw'/f / s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf ! ;o #) j}slNks l;sfO{ s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ .

cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6 jQmJosf] a'Fbf g+ @)% df cfwf/e"t lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns agfOPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . a'Fbf g+ @)( df t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿df ljBfno aflx/ /x]sf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] klxrfg u/L ljBfno egf{ / lg/Gt/tfsf nflu k|f]T;fxgd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} a'Fbf g+ !&# df s0ff{nLnufot 5l/Psf] a:tL ePsf lxdfnL / pRr kxf8L If]qx¿df cfjf;Lo ljBfnox¿ lj:tf/ ul/g] sfo{qmd /x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .


$=% P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] l:ylt

@)&! ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf hDdf $ nfv % xhf/ # ;o #* hgf ljBfyL{ ;fd]n ePsf] df ! nfv (@ xhf/ @ ;o ^& hgf -$&=$# k|ltzt_ ptL0f{ ePsf lyP eg] PSh]D6]6tkm{af6 !* xhf/ & ;o &* hgf -!#=* k|ltzt_ dfq ptL0f{ ePsf lyP . ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt x'g] ljBfyL{ k|To]s jif{ sl/a Ps k|ltzt 36\b} uPsf] / ;+:yfut ljBfnodf sl/a Ps k|ltztn] a9\b} uPsf] b]lvPsf] lyof] .

@)&@ ;fnb]lv P;=Pn=;L=sf] k/LIffkmn u|]8sf cfwf/df k|sflzt ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . gofF Joj:yfcg';f/ s'g} klg ljBfyL{nfO{ cg'QL0f{ 3f]if0ff gul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&@ ;fnsf] P;= Pn= ;L= k/LIffdf hDdf $ nfv %^ xhf/ ! ;o #^ hgf ljBfyL{n] k/LIff kmf/fd e/] klg $ nfv #& xhf/ # ;o @^ hgf ljBfyL{ k/LIffdf ;fd]n ePsf lyP . of] jif{sf] k/LIffkmn u|]8 k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] ut jif{x¿ em}+ k/LIffsf] ptL0f{ glthfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg . k|sflzt k/LIffkmn b]xfofg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

u|fkm %M @)&@ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] glthf

;|f]tM k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/, @)&#

pko'{Qm u|fkmaf6 ;aeGbf a9L ! nfv $ xhf/ @ ;o &* hgf ljBfyL{ lhlkP !=^ b]lv @=) ;Ddsf] :t/df /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] :t/eGbf dfly k|To]s :t/df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof qmdzM sd x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . @)&@ ;fnsf] PSh]D6]8 k/LIffdf hDdf ! nfv %) xhf/ * ;o @^ ljBfyL{ ;xefuL ePsf]df lgoldttkm{sf] h:t} ;aeGbf a9L 75 xhf/ 3 ;o 40 hgf ljBfyL{ lhlkP !=^ b]lv @=) ;Ddsf] :t/df /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;f]eGbf dflysf] :t/df ljBfyL{ ;+Vof qmdzM sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr !! s / v_.


ljBfno:t/sf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df k|efj kfg]{ ljljw kIfx¿sf] l:ylt ljZn]if0f u/L ljBfno:t/Lo lzIffsf] clGtd k/LIffsf ¿kdf /x]sf] P;=Pn=;L=sf] glthf ;'wf/ ug]{ pkfox¿ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfu" ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

$=^ ljBfnosf] ;+Vof

lzIff dGqfnosf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ z}lIfs ;q @)&! df s"n ljBfno ;+Vof #$ xhf/ * ;o ^ /x]sf]df z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df ;f] ;+Vof #$ xhf/ * ;o #& k'u]sf] 5 . h'g ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ lxdfn, kxf8, sf7df08f} pkTosf / t/fO{df qmdzM !@=!! k|ltzt, %)=$# k|ltzt, ^=#! k|ltzt / #!=!@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df aGb ePsf jf uflePsf ljBfnox¿sf] ;+Vof hDdf ! ;o $* /x]sf] 5 . kfFr} ljsf; If]qdf /x]sf ;/sf/L, ;fd'bflos / lghL:t/df ;~rfng eO/x]sf ljBfnosf] ;+Vof tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf ##M ljleGg k|sf/sf ljBfnox¿sf] If]qut ;+Vof

ljsf; If]q ;/sf/L:t/ ;d'bfo:t/ lglh:t/

k|fylds lgdflj dflj k|fylds lgdflj dflj k|fylds lgdflj dflj

k"j{f~rn 5578 1577 795 820 850 469 1070 681 449

dWodf~rn 6743 2105 1155 951 908 566 2147 1729 1418

klZrdf~rn 5867 1589 974 463 805 478 1261 913 644

dWo]klZrdf~rn 3830 981 487 1066 872 407 585 321 200

;'b'/klZrdf~rn 2669 830 391 861 698 406 451 232 129

hDdf 24687 7082 3802 4161 4133 2326 5514 3876 2840

;|f]tM lzIff ljefu, ˆnf; ! k|ltj]bg, @)&@

ljsf; If]q cg';f/ / ;~rfngsf] lsl;d cg';f/ ljBfnosf] ;+Vof x/]s txdf dWodf~rndf ;aeGbf a9L /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;aeGbf sd ;'b"/klZrdf~rndf /x]sf 5g\ . hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] of] :jefljs b]lvG5 . b]zsf] hg;+Vofdf 36\bf] hGdb/ / @)&@ ;fndf sIff ! df Ps} jif{ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf # nfv ** xhf/ $ ;o # hgfn] sdL cfPsf] tYofÍ b]lvg'nfO{ cfpFbf jif{x¿df ljBfnosf] ;+Vof / sIff sf]7fsf] ;+Vofdf ljBfyL{sf] sdL x'g] ;Í]tsf ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 .


b]zleq ljleGg k/Dk/fut jf wfld{s ljBfnox¿ -db/;f, u'Daf÷ljxf/, cf>d÷u'?s'n_ ;d]t ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . z}lIfs ;q @)&! df of] ;+Vof * ;o &% /x]sf] lyof] . z}lIfs ;q @)&@ df o:tf ljBfnosf] ;+Vof ( ;o #) k'u]sf] 5 .

tflnsf #$M wfld{s ljBfnox¿sf] ;+Vof

wfld{s ljBfnotxut ljBfno

k|fylds lgDgdfWolds dfWolds pRr dfWolds hDdf

db/;f 764 27 14 4 765

u'Daf / laxf/ 80 8 1 0 82

cf>d / u'?s'n 68 23 8 2 83

hDdf 912 58 23 6 930

;|f]tM lzIff ljefu, ˆnf; ! k|ltj]bg, @)&@

s"n ( ;o #) ljBfnox¿dfg} ljleGg txut ljBfnox¿ ;dfj]z ePsfn] dflysf] tflnsfdf hDdf of]ukmn km/s b]lvG5 . wfld{s ljBfnox¿dWo] db/;fdf ut jif{eGbf #), u'Daf / laxf/df ^ / cf>d tyf u'?s'ndf !% u/L %! ljBfno ylkPsf 5g\ . o; jif{ wfld{s lzIffnox¿sf] ;+Vof t'ngfTds ¿kdf db/;fdf clws ¿kdf a9]sf] b]lvG5 .

@)&@ a}Zffv !@ ut]sf] e"sDkaf6 hDdf ( xhf/ # ;o %# ljBfnosf @@ xhf/ $ ;o ! sIff sf]7fdf k"0f{¿kdf Iflt k'u]sf] lyof] . To:t}, !$ xhf/ @$ sIff sf]7f cf+lzs ¿kdf / !* xhf/ ( ;o $@ j6f sIff sf]7fdf ;fdfGo ¿kdf Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP . ;fy}, # xhf/ & ;o &# ljBfnosf] zf}rfno, ! xhf/ $ ;o %( ljBfnosf kvf{n / ! xhf/ % ;o ^* ljBfnosf] vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLdf Iflt k'u]sf] lyof] . %$ hgf lzIfs / & ;o @) hgf ljBfyL{n] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . ef}lts Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'? e};s]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&@÷)&# cg';f/ e"sDkaf6 a9L k|efljt lhNnfx¿df sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog PsfO{dfkm{t # ;o @ ljBfno lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 eg] u}/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ^ ;o %@ ljBfnosf # xhf/ * ;o ^& sIffsf]7f lgdf{0fsfo{ k|f/De ePsf] 5 .

$=& afnaflnsfsf] nflu dgf]/~hg, v]n / ;fF:s[lts lqmofsnfk

g]kfne/sf ljBfnox¿df dgf]/~hg, v]n / ;fF:s[lts lqmofsnfksf sfo{qmdx¿ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ljBfyL{x¿sf] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg v]n, ;fF:s[lts tyf k|fl1s


ljifoa:t' tyf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf lqmofsnfkdf jSt[Tjsnf, lrqsnf, lxHh], xflh/Lhjfkm, gfrufg, v]ns'bh:tf ljljw k|ltof]lutf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] !( jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] km'6an / lqms]6df pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf hgfPsf] kfOG5 .

o; jif{ afnaflnsfsf] v]Ng kfpg] / dgf]/~hg lng kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} /fli6«o afnlbj;sf] cj;/df s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, sG;f]l6{od g]kfn / :kf]6{;\ Ps]8]lds ckm g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf pkTosfsf ljBfnosf sIff !) ;Dd cWoog/t ljBfyL{aLr Ps lbj;Lo lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

@)&# df3 * b]lv !) ut];Dd cGt/fli6«o lqms]6 kl/ifb -cfO{= ;L= ;L_ åf/f aËnfb]zdf cfof]lht !( jif{d'gLsf pd]/ ;d"xaLrsf] Ps lbj;Lo k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] ;d]t ;xeflutf hgfPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L elnan, km'6an, s/fFt], h'8f], kf}8Lnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfx¿df ;d]t klg !* jif{ pd]/;Ddsf g]kfnL afnaflnsfsf] pNn]vgLo ;xeflutf x'g'sf ;fy} uf}/j ug{ nfossf kbs / :yfgx¿ xfl;n ul//x]sf 5g\ .

afnaflnsfsf] dgf]/~hg ;d]tsf nflu k|foM ;a} 6]lnlehg, Pkm=Pd nufotsf ;~rf/ dfWodn] afns]lGb|t ljz]ifM sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .


afn;xeflutf

%=!= kl/ro

afnaflnsf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifo tyf ljsf; k|lqmof / ;'zf;gsf ljleGg txdf pd]/ / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df afnaflnsfn] afnd}qL 9Ëdf hfgsf/L kfpg', cfˆgf s'/f /fVg kfpg' / ;f]nfO{ plrt dfGotf lbO{ cy{k"0f{ ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/ afn;xeflutf xf] . afn;xeflutf afnaflnsfsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ xf] . ljut s]xL jif{x¿b]lv /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgf / afnaflnsf ;DalGwt /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf / ljrf/ ;dfof]hgsf ljifonfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbPsf] kfOG5 . ljBfno jf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afnSnax¿ dfkm{t afnaflnsf ljleGg ultljlwdf ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfsf o:tf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf lbg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;/sf/sf gfddf cfb]z;d]t lbO;s]sf] 5 . afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf k|fjwfgx¿dWo] afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f -wf/f $_, afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/sf] ;Ddfg -wf/f !@_, cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf -wf/f !#_, ljrf/ tyf wd{sf] :jtGqtf -wf/f !$_, ;+ul7t x'g] :jtGqtf -wf/f !%_, uf]kgLotfsf] xs -wf/f !^_, ;"rgfdf kx'Fr -wf/f !&_ cflb afn;xeflutf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

%=@ afnaflnsfsf] larf/ / cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] l:ylt

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] wf/f #(-#_ df afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfsf] xs ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm df}lns xs cGtu{tsf cGo clwsf/x¿ gful/s ;a}sf] xsdf nfu'x'g] x'Fbf ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jqGttf tyf ;+3;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtfsf xsx¿ afnaflnsfsf] nflu klg

%kl/R5]b


cfslif{t x'G5g\ . afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]bgkZrft\ g]kfndf of]hgf, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df k|lqmofdf afn;xeflutf pNn]Vo ¿kdf a[l4 eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ afn;xeflutfsf] gfddf s]xL If]qdf afnaflnsfsf] b'¿kof]u ePsf 36gfx¿ klg /x]sf 5g\ . sltko /fhg}lts :jfy{ k|]l/t tyf ljleGg ;d"xsf :jfy{l;l4sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f nufotdf hf]lvd l;h{gf x'g]u/L afnaflnsfsf] b'¿kof]u ul/Psf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu @)&@ ;fpg #) ut] h'Dnfdf cv08 s0ff{nLsf] dfu ub}{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|bz{gdf afnaflnsfnfO{ cw{gUg cj:yfdf k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .

PkmPd /]l8of] k|;f/0fsf] If]qdf g]kfnn] ljZjd} pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnosf cg';f/ g]kfndf lghL If]qaf6 b]zsf krxQ/} lhNnfdf btf{ ul/Psf PkmPd /]l8of]sf] ;+Vof em08} ( ;o k'lu;s]sf] 5 . tLdWo] xfn;Dd ;~rfngdf /x]sf PkmPd /]l8of]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg % ;o $) /x]sf]] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;xof]u s]Gb|, g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"xsf] cg'dfg cg';f/ b}lgs clwstd @$ 306f;Dd ;~rfng eO/x]sf oL PkmPdx¿sf] ;/b/ b}lgs k|;f/0f cjlw !$ 306f /x]sf] 5 . PkmPd /]l8of] :6];gx¿df k|ltlbg ;/b/ !% ldg]6 afnaflnsfsf nflu 5'§ofOg] u/]sf] cg'dfg 5 . o;/L k|ltlbg s"n & xhf/ % ;o ^) 306f k|;f/0f x'g] PkmPdx¿df *! 306f afnaflnsfnfO{ 5'§ofPsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L PkmPd /]l8of]x¿n] k|ltlbgsf] s"n k|;f/0f cjlwsf] !=)& k|ltzt ;do afnaflnsf lglDt 5'§ofPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ afnaflnsfsf lglDt 5'6\ofOPsf] ;do afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf jf pgLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf lbg] ;jfndf slt;Dd k|efjsf/L 5g\ eGg] ljifodf eg] cWoog ePsf] kfOFb}g . o;}u/L sltko 6]lnlehg k|zf/0fdf klg s]xL ;do afnaflnsf;DaGwL tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfdf sfo{qmdx¿ k|zf/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .

g]kfnsf 7"nf cfsf/sf /fli6«o b}lgs cvaf/x¿n] s]xL afns]lGb|t ;fdu|L k|sflzt ub}{ afnaflnsfsf /rgfx¿nfO{ klg :yfg lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu sflGtk'/ b}lgsn]


k|To]s cfOtaf/ sf]lknf gfds cltl/Qm k[i7 k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 eg] cGgk"0f{ kf]:6n] cfOtaf/ c+s'/, gful/s b}lgsn] zlgaf/ h'gls/L zLif{ssf] ljz]if k[i7 / uf]/vfkqn] x/]s zlgaf/sf] c+sdf afn/rgfnfO{ :yfg lbg'sf ;fy} d'gf dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm g]kfnsf rlr{t k|sfzg u[xx¿n] afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt k':tsx¿ k|sfzg ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L afnaflnsf nlIft u/L s]xL dfl;s, q}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s / jflif{s k|sfzgx¿ klg xF'b} cfPsf 5g\ .

%=# afnSna

vf;u/L ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwdf g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]kl5 / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿n] ljBfno:t/df afnSnj :yfkgf / lqmoflzn ug{ yfn]kl5 afnSnadf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf / afnclwsf/sf] ;jfndf afnaflnsf :jod\ ;r]t tyf ;lqmo x'g] qmd a9\b} cfPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;ª\ul7t x'g] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ qmddf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, gjnk/f;Ln] hfu[lt afnSna btf{ gul/lbPkl5 ;f] ;DaGwdf k/]sf] l/6df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 @)%* ;fpg @% ut] pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z hf/L u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;ª\ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbOPsf] kfOG5 . afnSna Jojl:yt ug{ s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] afn;xeflutf lgb]{lzsf, @)^@ hf/L u/]sf] 5 eg] lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltx¿n] afnSnax¿nfO{ cfa4tf lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .

pknJw hfgsf/L cg';f/ xfn;Dd &% j6} lhNnfdf @@ xhf/ ^ ;o @* afnSnax¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . afnSnax¿ ljBfno / ;d'bfo b'j}df cfwfl/t /x]sf 5g\ eg] lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt jf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf b'j}df cfa4 x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ljBfnodf ;~rfngdf /x]sf sltko afnSna lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt jf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf cfa4 gePsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . oL afnSnax¿df @ nfv ^ xhf/ $( aflnsf / @ nfv #! xhf/ & ;o !) afns u/L hDdf $ nfv #$ xhf/ % ;o $( hgf afnaflnsf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 -la:t[t ljj/0f cg';"lr !@_ . afnSnadf ;xefuL e} afnaflnsfn] afnclwsf/ / ;+/If0f nufotsf ;d;fdlos ljifox¿df l;Sg] / cfˆgf] ljrf/ cleAoQm ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ .

ufpF–ufpFdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf, ;lqmotf / g]t[Tjdf u7g ul/Psf afnSnax¿n] afnclwsf/;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{x¿ ul//x]sf 5g\ . afnSnax¿n] ;~rfng u/]sf sfo{qmddf -!_ hGdbtf{ k|rf/fTds cleofg, -@_ ljBfno egf{ cleofg, -#_ afn>d Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmd


-$_ afn;xeflutf clej[l4 sfo{qmd, -%_ afnaflnsfnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] vf]k k|rf/ sfo{qmd, -^_ lgMz'Ns lzIff k|rf/fTds / k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd, -&_ eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf lzIff kfpg] clwsf/af/] k|rf/k|;f/, -*_ jftfj/0fLo ;'wf/ sfo{qmd, -(_ cleefjs r]tgf lzIff sfo{qmd / -!)_ afnljjfx pGd"ng;DaGwL k|rf/fTds sfo{qmd k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ .

%=$ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g÷afnd}qL ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] afnd}qL uf=lj=;= :yfkgf cleofg @)^$ ;fnaf6 k|f/De u/L s]Gb|Lo txb]lv lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt / ufpF afn;+/If0f ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . afnaflnsf ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf afnd}qL ufFp ljsf; ;ldlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ;"rfÍx¿sf] ljsf; u/L sfo{ k|f/De ul/Psf] xf] .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] afnd}qL uf=lj=;=:yfkgf ug]{ cleofgdf ljleGg ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿ kf/ u/L s]xL dxTjk"0f{ k|ultx¿ xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] kl/of]hgfsf ¿kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] afnd}qL uf=lj=;=sf] cjwf/0ffn] s]xL jif{kZrft\ @)^* ;fndf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /0fgLltsf ¿kdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f eO{ Jofks ¿k lnPsf]] 5 . ;ldltaf6 afnd}qL uf=lj=;=3f]if0ff ug]{ qmd kl5Nnf] r/0fdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cg'¿k x'g]u/L ;dfof]hg ub}{ nluPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltn] sfo{ k|f/De u/]sf] df]/Ë lhNnfsf] t]tl/of uf=lj=;=afnd}qL uf=lj=;= 3f]if0ff e};s]sf] 5 . o;}u/L] dsjfgk'/, s~rgk'/, afFs] / /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] qmdzM kmfv]n, bf]wf/f, k/;k'/ / u]8xLu'7L uf=lj=;=nfO{ afnd}qL uf=lj=;=sf] ¿kdf 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu xfn;Dd tL uf=lj=;=x¿df ePsf ultljwL / k|of;x¿sf] ;dLIff ub}{ # jif{leq 3f]if0ff ug]{ /0fg}lts of]hgf ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . kj{tsf] lrq] uf=lj=;= klg 3f]if0ffsf] glhs k'u]sf] 5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoåf/f nfu" ul/Psf] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gM /fli6«o /0fgLlt / sfo{ljlw @)^* / s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] afnd}qL uf=lj=;= :yfkgf cleofg sfo{qmdsf ;"rsx¿nfO{ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] g]t[Tjdf ;ldlt u7g u/L ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonsf cg';f/ @)&# h]7sf] dWo;Dd @(* uf=lj=;=, && gu/kflnsf / $! lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cfjnDjg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L !@ uf=lj=;=, @) gu/kflnsf / !# lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] sfo{of]hgf ;d]t to ul/;s]sf 5g\ .


afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] sfof{GjogkZrft pNn]Vo dfqfdf :yfgLo txdf of]hgf th'{df b]lvg} afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf x'g] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL ;d'bfo:t/Lo ;ldltb]lv lhNnf:t/Lo ;ldlt;Dd afns / aflnsf u/L b'O hgf afnk|ltlglw /xg] gLltut Joj:yfn] /fHo lgld{t ;+/rgfx¿df afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf ;+:yfut x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o;}u/L :yfgLo zf;gsf] Ps c+usf ¿kdf /xg] j8f gful/s d~rdf klg afnaflnsfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx¿df klg afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf jflif{s kl/ifb\x¿df klg afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ :yfg lbOg] k|rng a9\b} uPsf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDjg ul/Psf :yfgLo lgsfodf of]hgf th'{df k"j{ afne]nf u/L afnaflnsfsf ljrf/ / efjgfx¿ ;+sng ug]{ / ;f]nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmd qmlds ¿kdf al9/x]sf] kfOG5 .


lgisif{

afnclwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df gLltut ;'lglZrttfsf nflu cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# cToGt dxTjk"0f{ /xg uPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug]{ u/L afnclwsf/sf cfwf/e"t kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ hf/L x'g' ;a}sf nflu uj{sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . o;}u/L afnaflnsf;DaGwL gofF P]gsf] d:of}bfdfly ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr Jofks 5nkmn hf/L /Xof] eg] afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]gsf] ;+zf]wg Pjd\ afn>d pGd"ng;DaGwL bf]>f] u'? of]hgf tof/Lsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fi6« ;+3df a'emfPsf] afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] t]>f], rf}yf] / kfFrf} ;+o'Qm k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf @)&# h]7 $ b]lv @! ut];Dd ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] afnclwsf/ ;ldltsf] axQ/f}+ ;qdf ePsf] 5nkmnkZrft ;ldltn]] ;dfkg l6Kk0fL df g]kfnsf] k|ofzsf] k|z+;fsf ;fy} s]xL dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/sf ljifox¿ cf}NofpFb} ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . afnclwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf]df gofF ;+ljwfgsf] ;ldltn] :jfut u/]sf] 5 eg] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] /fli6«o vfsf / sfof{Gjogsf] lgb]{lzsf tof/ kf/]sf]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|z+;f u/]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{, afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]gsf] d:of}bfdf afnclwsf/sf] dd{ c'g;f/ :ki6 / lj:t[t b[li6sf]0f x'g'kg]{ / afnaflnsfsf] nflu yk nufgL ub}{ hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}NofPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfdfly x'g] zf/Ll/s b08, b'Jo{jxf/ / lx+;f, afn>d Pjd\ ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] l:yltdf k|efjsf/L ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj klg lbPsf] 5 . o;}u/L afnaflnsf;DaGwL Plss[t ;"rgf

^kl/R5]b


Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{ ;fy} afnclwsf/ sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg Pjd\ ;dGjo ug]{, >f]t Pjd\ clwsf/ k|fKt ;+of]hgsf/L lgsfosf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ nufotsf ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

o; jif{df afnaflnsf ;8sdf a:g' kb}{g, ;8sdf a:g' x'Fb}g eGg] cfXjfgsf ;fy sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ;8s afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof z'Godf emfg{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf pkTosfdf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng e} ;kmntftkm{ pGd'v /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;du| afnclwsf/;DaGwL r]tgf hfu/0f, jfnljjfxlj?4sf] ;r]tgf, s7Lg kl/l:yltdf /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] p2f/, ;+/If0fnufot lzIff tyf :jf:Yo / kf]if0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ pNn]vgLo ¿kdf cufl8 a9L/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

oyfy{tfdf lzIffdf kx'Fr a9]sf] eP klg u'0f:t/ eg] cem} psf:g ;lsPsf] 5}g / ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿sf] ljBfyL{ l;sfO{ pknlAw Go"g /xg' lrGtfhgs /x]sf] 5 . afn :jf:Yodf qmlds ;'wf/ b]lvPtf klg kf]if0fsf] cj:yfdf pNn]Vo k|ult x'g cem} ;s]sf] 5}g .

afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|j4{gdf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, ;~rf/ dfWodnufot cGo ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿ lqmoflzn /xFb} cfPsf 5g\ . tyfkL, afnclwsf/ pn+3g / xgg\sf k|z:t} 36gfx¿ 3l6/x]sf 5g\ . o;k|lt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ cema9L lqmoflzn / k|efjsf/L ¿kdf nfUg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . afnljjfxsf] Jofkstf sfod} /xg', afnaflnsf kl/nlIft lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/sf 36gfx¿ eO/xg', ljz]iftM afnof}g lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ k|sfzdf cfO/xg', >ddf ;+nUg afnaflnsf b]lvO/xg' nufotaf6 afn;+/If0fsf] If]qdf w]/} ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ Pjd\ nufgL a[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} kLl8t, k|efljt afnaflnsfsf nflu tTsfn ;xof]u, ;+/If0fb]lv k'gM:yfkgf, k'gMPsLs/0f;Ddsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pjd\ cfjZos ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] :yfkgf, lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . afnaflnsfsf] lglDt cfktsflng p2f/, ;xof]u, ;+/If0f ug]{ afnx]NknfOg – !)(*, afnaflnsf vf]htnf; ;dGjo s]Gb| – !)$ h:tf ;+/rgfsf] :t/f]GglQ ug'{ k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .

afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg"g, gLlt / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf afnclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ cema9L of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug{sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] ef}lts, ;+:yfut tyf dfgjLo Ifdtf clea[l4 ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . afnclwsf/sf] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu ul/g] k|of;af6 hg;fwf/0f ;a}n] dx;'; ug]{ u/L afn;+/If0f k2tLsf] ljsf;df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;a} cema9L Jojl:yt ¿kdf nfUg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .


afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; / afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gsf k|of;x¿ cema9L k|efjsf/L agfpgsf lglDt afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt sfo{ ug]{ ;a} lgsfox¿ tyf sfof{nox¿df of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgf÷kl/of]hgfsf ;a} r/0fx¿df afnaflnsf;DaGwL] ljifosf] ;+j]bglzntf Pjd\ Ifdtf clea[l4 ug'{sf ;fy} afnaflnsfsf nflu >f]t ljlgof]hg a9fpg kg]{ b]lvG5 .

afnaflnsfsf lglDt ul/Psf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn cg'udg u/L cfjlws l:yltsf] hfgsf/L lng'lbg'sf ;fy} tYotYofÍ / ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t cu|ufdL of]hgf / sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfno tyf lgsfox¿df afns]Gb|Lt ;"rgf Joj:yfkgsf] l:ylt sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;y{, afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg ljifox¿df If]qut tyf v08Ls[t ;"rgf Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{ lgtfGt cfjZos eO/x]sf] 5 eg] oL ;a}nfO{ Plss[t ug{ /fli6«o afnclwsf/ ;"rgf >f]t s]Gb|sf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

afn;xeflutfsf] If]qdf g]kfn pbfx/0fLo aGb} cfPsf] 5 . tyfkL afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] nflu s'zntfk"j{s ;xhLs/0f ug{ tyf ;xeflutfsf gfddf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGg :jfy{ l;l4sf nflu k|of]u ul/g] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

;du|df, afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf ePsf k|ofz Pjd\ k|ult k|lt lg/fz x'g' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . tyfkL ;'wf/sf] ultnfO{ lta|tf lbg / d"ntM ;a}txdf ;r]tgf, ;]jf;'ljwfsf] k|jfx, sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, ;+/rgfx¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f Pjd\ of]hgf th'{dfb]lv >f]t ljlgof]hg;Dd afn;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ a9fpg kg]{ b]lvG5 .


;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM

cy{ dGqfno, cfly{s ;j]{If0f, cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷)&# .

cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb|, dfgjclwsf/ jif{ k':ts, sf7df08f}, ;g\ @)!^ .

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0f, ;g\ @)!! .

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, kk'n];g df]gf]u|fkm @, ;g\ @)!$ .

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^* .

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu÷cfOPncf], g]kfn afn>d k|ltj]bg, @)!@ .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, nlntk'/ @)&# .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, g]kfnsf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt k|ltj]bg, @)&@ .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, afnaflnsf;DaGwL sfg"g -/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf k|d'v Joj:yf_, @)&! .

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldlt, afnaflnsf vf]htnf; tyf ;dGjo s]Gb|jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&@÷)&# .

u[x dGqfno, sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefusf], clen]v, @)&# .

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, lg=g=($)), ebf} @)&@ .

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&@ .

g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ .

k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lgb]{zgfno, clen]v, @)&# .

afnGofo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, clen]v, @)&# .

afnaflnsf zflGt If]q /fli6«o cleofg -l;hk_, g]kfnsf] jh]6df afn ;+j]bgzLntf M Ps ljZn]if0f, @)!^ .

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, afnljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@ .

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, g]kfnsf] wd{k'q, wd{k'qL;DaGwL l:ylt k|ltj]bg, @)&@ .


dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, afnaflnsf;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, @)^( .

/fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u s]Gb|, ljleGg k|ltj]bgx¿ .

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, aflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd, @)&@÷)&# / @)&#÷)&$_ .

lzIff dGqfno, lzIff ljefu, ˆnf; l/kf]6{ – !, @)&@ .

lzIff dGqfno, z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|, ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf] ;+lIfKt t'ngfTds k|ltj]bg, @)&# .

;+3Lo, dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo k~hLs/0f ljefu, k|ltj]bg / clen]v, @)&# .

:jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, aflif{s k|ltj]bg, cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷)&@ .

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, g]kfn hg;fª\lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f, ;g\ @)!!, .

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, ;'/lIft ue{ktg;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt, @)^) .

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, aflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&!÷)&@ .Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal, Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2014Central Child Welfare Board, Publications, 2072/073.United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding Observations on the Second Periodic Report of Nepal (CRC/C/65/Add.30), 2016. ILO, Nepal Labour Market Update, 2014.UNHCR, Nepal Fact Sheet, September 2014.


cg';"lr !

afn ;Dj]bgzLn kqsfl/tf lgb]]{lzsf, @)&@afnaflnsfsf] lxtnfO{ cIf'00f /fvL pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/sf] ;d]t ;Ddfg ub}{ g]kfndf 5fkf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / cgnfOGf dfWoddf lqmoflzn kqsf/x¿ tyf k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f x'g] ;dfrf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ afnaflnsf;DaGwL ;"rgfd"ns, ;Gb]zd"ns jf cGo ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg, k|sfzg jf k|;f/0fsf ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] ljBdfg sfg"gcg';f/ ;f]x« jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfsf ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ ;jf]{k/L 7fGb} pgLx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf ljz]if Wofg lbO pgLx¿nfO{ xflg gk'uf];\ / k|sflzt jf k|;fl/t ;fdu|Ln] yk kLl8t gagfcf];\ eGg] Wo]osf ;fy pRrtd Jofj;flos cEof;sf lglDt kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ cem clek|]l/t ug{ kqsf/ cfrf/;+lxtf–@)^) -;+zf]lwt tyf kl/dflh{t–@)^$_ sf] bkmf # -!)_ sf] clwgdf /xL afn ;Dj]bglzn kqsfl/tf lgb]{lzsf @)&@ hf/L ul/Psf]5 M

!= afnaflnsfsf] kx'FrnfO{ k|fyldstfM ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxg ub}{ afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ jf efjgf cleJolStsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] ultljlwnufot afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|L pgLx¿nfO{ ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ u/L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug'{sf ;fy} cfd;+rf/ dfWodx¿df pgLx¿sf] kx'FrnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .

@= afnaflnsfnfO{ xflgaf6 ;+/If0fM afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;dfu|L k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ubf{ To:tf ;fdu|Laf6 kg{;Sg] b'ik|efjsf] cf++sng u/L pgLx¿nfO{ xflg gk'uf];\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ul/g' kb{5 . afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Ldf tYox¿sf] k'li6 jf k'gk'{li6sf nflu ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

#= afnaflnsf cg's'n ;fdu|L tyf ;dosf] k|jGwM afnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ jf efjgfnfO{ sb/ ub}{ ;~rf/ dfWoddf pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf, pgLx¿sf nflu pkof]uL ;fdu|L tyf pgLx¿sf] ;dosf] cg's'ntfnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 . vf;u/L 6]lnlehgdf afnaflnsfn] x]g]{ ;dodf k|;f/0f x'g] sfo{s|ddf afndgf]lj1fgdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ jf ;fdflhs g}ltstf k|lts"n ;fdu|L ;dfj]z ug'{ x'Fb}g . To:f}u/L, cgnfOg dfWoddf afnaflnsfnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] ;fdu|Lsf ljifodf lSns ug]{ :yfgd} k|i6 hgfp lbg' kg]{5 . o;;DaGwdf 3/leq cleefjs / ljBfnodf lzIfsx¿sf] lgu/fgL jfG5gLo x'G5 .


$= afnaflnsfsf] cfTd;Ddfgsf] sb/M ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] s'g} klg ;fdu|Laf6 afnaflnsfsf] cfTd;Ddfg / u/Ldfdf rf]6 k'¥ofpg' xF'b}g . ljz]iftM cgnfOg dfWoddf k|:t't ;fdu|Ldf afn;Dj]ngzLntf k|lts"n, ceb| / czf]egLo l6Kk0fLx¿ Ufl/Psf 5g\ eg] To:tf ;fdu|LnfO{ oyfzL3| x6fpg' kb{5 .

%= uf]kgLotfsf] ;DdfgM ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu cfjZos /x]sf] / afnaflnsfnfO{ xflg gug]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt ePsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s afnaflnsfsf] kl/ro ;fj{hlgs ug'{ x'Fb}g . afnaflnsfsf lglDt hf]lvdk"0f{ gx'g] jf pgLx¿df tTsfn / bL3{sfndf ;d]t gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] kl/ro v'nfpg ;lsg]5 . of}g lx+;f jf b'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ ePsf afnaflnsfsf] kl/ro k"0f{tM uf]Ko /flvg' kb{5 . afnaflnsf gft]bf/ ;DaGwsf JolStaf6 To:tf] lx+;f jf b'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ ePsf] cj:yfdf tL afnaflnsfsf] uf]klgotfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ cleo'Stsf] kl/ro;d]t v'nfpg' x'Fb}g\ . Gofosf ofrs jf oflrsfaLr cfTdljZjf; / ;'/Iffsf] efjgf ljsl;t ug{ pgLx¿sf] JolStut kl/ro jf cGo ;"rgf;DaGwL uf]klgotfsf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g' kb{5 . afnaflnsf b'isd{sf] lzsf/ ePsf] 36gf;daGwL ;dfrf/ jf ;dfrf/d"ns ;fdu|L gfd kl/jt{g u/]/ xf]Og ;+s]t dfq pNn]v u/]/ tof/ ul/g' kb{5 -pbfx/0fsf nflu sflndf6L s, v jf u_ .

^= afn ljHofFO{ jf ck/fwsf 36gfdf afn ;Dj]bgzLn Jojxf/ M ;~rf/ dfWodn] afnaflnsfn] ck/fw xf]Og, ljHofFO{ ug{ ;Sb5g\ jf pgLx¿ sfg"gsf] ljjfbdf kg{ ;Sb5g\ eGg] afn Gofosf] l;WbfGtnfO{ ;w}+ cfTd;ft ug'{ kb{5 afnaflnsfnfO{ ;dfrf/ jf ;dfrf/d"ns ;fdu|Ldf kl/ro v'nfP/ k|:t't ug'{ x'Fb}g\ . afnaflnsfnfO{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf ;fIfL jf cleo'Stsf ¿kdf lrgfpg' x'Fb}g . 36gfsf af/]df tof/ ul/Psf] ;fdu|Ldf klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;|f]tsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ jf pgLx¿sf] kl/ro v'nfpg x'Fb}g\ .

&= /]vflrq, t:jL/ / b[Zosf] k|of]udf ;hutfM ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jflxt ug]{ cj:yfdf jfx]s afnaflnsfsf] JolQmut kl/ro v'Ng] u/L /]vflrq, t:jL/ / >Job[iosf] k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f u/L pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] hf]lvddf kfg'{ x'Fb}g . s'g} 36gf ljz]ifsf] ;dfrf/ jf ;dfrf/d"ns ;fdu|L k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ cfjZos 7flgPsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t afnaflnsfsf lglDt xflgsf/s 5 eGg] nfu]df afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg eg] v'nfpg'' x'Fb}g . To:tf] cj:yfdf glrlgg] u/L afnaflnsfsf] /]vflrq, t:jL/ / >Job[Zo k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . km/s k|;+udf lvlrPsf afnaflnsfsf t:jL/ s'g} csf]{ k|;+udf k|of]u ubf{ ljz]if ;hutf ckgfpg' kb{5 .


*= ljeT; ;fdu|Laf6 ;+/If0fM lx+;f, xTof, cfuhgL, k|fs[lts ljkt\nufot s'g} klg 36gf jf b'3{6gf;DaGwL t:jL/ jf b[io k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ubf{ afnaflnsfdf gsf/fTds dgf]j}1flgs c;/ kg{ ;Sg] jf b'ikl/0ffd cfpg ;Sg] s'/fdf ljz]if ;hutf ckgfpg' k5{ . ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;"rgfsf nflu cTofjZos 7fg]sf] s'g} t:jL/, b[io jf ;Gb]zn] afndgf]lj1fgdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvd /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;fjwfgLsf] k|i6 hgfpm lbP/ dfq k|sf;g jf ;dodf k|;f/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

(= afnaflnsf;Fusf] cGt/jftf{df ;t{stfM afnaflnnfO{ pT;flxt t'Nofpg] jf ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jflxt ug]{ cj:yfdf cGtjftf{ lnP/ k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug'{ kb{5 . t/ afnaflnsfnfO{ xflg x'g ;Sg] cj:yfdf pgLx¿;Fu cGt/jftf{ lng' x'Fb}g\ . s'g} 36gf ljz]if of ljifodf afnaflnsfsf] cGt/jftf{ lng} kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf cleefjs, lzIfs jf ;+/Ifssf] ;d]t :jLs[lt lnP/ / ;+/Ifssf] pkl:yltdf cGt/jftf{ lnO{ pgLx¿sf] uf]klgotfsf] sb/ ub}{ :j/;d]t kl/jt{g u/L k|;f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

!)= lj1fkgdf afnaflnsfsf] k|of]udf ;hutfM afnaflnsfsf] lxt / ;'/Iffdf hf]lvd x'g] u/L lglxt /fhgLlts jf Jofkfl/s p4]Zosf;fy pgLx¿nfO{ unt ¿kdf k|of]u ub}{ tof/ ul/Psf] s'g} klg pTkfbg, ;]jf jf cleofg;Fu ;DalGwt lj1fkgnfO{ 5fkf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / cgnfOg dfWodn] :yfg lbg' x'Fb}g\ .

!!= clZnntfsf] lgif]w / k|:t'ltdf ;f}DotfM afnaflnssfnfO{ k|of]u u/L tof/ ul/Psf] clZnn ;fdu|L k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug{' xF'b}g . afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg ;fdu|LnfO{ ;g;gLk"0f{ jf clt/~hgfk"0f{ ¿kdf k|:t't ug'{ x'Fb}g .


cg';"lr @

s= e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnf afa'cfdf b'j} gePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof

qm;+ lhNnflhNnfdf klxrfg ul/Psf e"sDksf] sf/0f

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdfl;Gw'kfNrf]s 71 55 126 9 5 14

bf]nvf 42 29 71 13 13 26

sfe|]knf~rf]s 62 61 123 3 5 8

/;'jf 18 8 26 14 6 20

g'jfsf]6 41 41 82 9 3 12

wflbª 49 36 85 - 4 4

uf]/vf 63 52 115 10 2 12

dsjfgk'/ 28 30 58 - - -

/fd]5fk 21 35 56 - - -

cf]vn9'ª\uf 108 104 212 - - -

l;Gw'nL 50 35 85 - - -

eQmk'/ 24 20 44 3 - 3

nlntk'/ 10 11 21 3 - 3

sf7df08f} 56 64 120 11 7 18

hDdf 643 581 1,224 75 45 120

v= cfdfdfq gePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof

qm;+ lhNnflhNnfdf klxrfg ul/Psf e"sDksf] sf/0f

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdfl;Gw'kfNrf]s 509 571 1,080 63 62 125

bf]nvf 180 185 365 5 8 13

sfe|]knf~rf]s 279 269 548 22 18 40

/;'jf 126 106 232 62 54 116

g'jfsf]6 359 373 732 44 45 89

wflbª 214 199 413 29 38 67

uf]/vf 271 324 595 17 23 40

dsjfgk'/ 236 263 499 2 - 2

/fd]5fk 118 158 276 7 9 16

cf]vn9'ª\uf 292 295 587 9 6 15

l;Gw'nL 378 441 819 4 2 6

eQmk'/ 124 113 237 20 8 28

nlntk'/ 96 79 175 9 5 14

sf7df08f} 187 227 14 56 45 101

hDdf 3,369 3,603 6,972 349 323 672


u= afa'dfq gePsf hDdf afnaflnsf

qm=;=+ lhNnflhNnfdf klxrfg ul/Psf e"sDksf] sf/0f

afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdfl;Gw'kfNrf]s 769 679 1,448 35 37 72bf]nvf 463 430 893 22 20 42sfe|]knf~rf]s 506 512 1,018 14 15 29/;'jf 158 182 340 40 48 88g'jfsf]6 665 757 1,422 38 30 68wflbª 382 362 744 19 13 32uf]/vf 804 866 1,670 33 40 73dsjfgk'/ 461 574 1,035 5 6 11/fd]5fk 237 308 545 4 7 11cf]vn9'ª\uf 458 520 978 4 5 9l;Gw'nL 820 839 1,659 2 2 4eQmk'/ 231 239 470 8 6 14nlntk'/ 219 175 394 8 4 12sf7df08f} 490 550 1,040 56 69 125

hDdf 6,663 6,993 13,656 288 302 590

3= e"sDkaf6 d[To' ePsf afnaflnsfsf] lhNnfut ljj/0fqm=;+= lhNnf % jif{ / ;f]eGbf sd pd]/sf ^ jif{b]lv !^ jif{;Dd pd]/sf hDdf! sf7df08f} 108 182 290@ Nflntk'/ 26 32 58# eQmk'/ 29 35 64$ l;Gw'kfNrf]s 636 596 1232% g'jfsf]6 270 186 456^ wflbª 133 114 247& /;'jf 77 107 184* Uff]/vf 80 61 141( sfe]| 82 28 110!) bf]nvf 22 21 43!! /fd]5fk 2 5 7!@ Dfsjfgk'/ 12 5 17!# cf]vn9'uf+ 4 1 5!$ l;Gw'nL 1 1 2!% lrtjg 0 1 1!^ ;'g;/L 2 1 3!& ndh'ª 1 0 1!* dxf]Q/L 1 0 1!( /f}tx6 0 1 1@) u'NdL 1 0 1@! df]/ª 0 1 1@@ ef]hk'/ 0 2 2@# afUn'ª 1 0 1@$ ?s'd 1 0 1@% /f]Nkf 1 0 1hDdf 1490 1380 2870

;|f]tM u[x dGqfno, ljkb Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf, @)&#


cg';"lr #

;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsfnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf ;]jfx¿

qm;+ lhNnfz}lIfs ;xof]u

:jf:Yo pkrf/

dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{

hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u

sfg"gL ;xof]u

a}slNks :ofxf/

hDdf

1 tfKn]h'ª 64 21 11 96

2 kfFry/ 50 50

3 Onfd 26 26

4 t]x|y'd 46 46

5 ;Kt/L 139 10 149

6 /f}tx6 0

7 l;Gw'nL 118 10 128

8 wflbª 61 15 2 78

9 nDh'ª 206 13 219

10 dsjfgk'/ 47 47

11 DofUbL 207 3 3 3 3 219

12 slkna:t' 116 2 118

13 /f]Nkf 310 3 313

14 ?s'd 336 10 12 1 6 3 368

15 ;'v]{t 186 20 57 45 3 311

16 alb{of 500 21 60 46 4 9 640

17 s~rgk'/ 1 1

18 h'Dnf 55 55

19 b}n]v 451 25 30 14 520

20 aemfª 107 56 5 5 173

hDdf 3025 166 177 150 12 27 3557



cg';"lr $

@)&# ;fn c;f/d;fGt ;Ddsf] s}bLjGbL / pgLx¿sf cfl>t afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= lhNnf k'?if dlxnf hDdf cfl>t afnaflnsf! kf+ry/ 116 12 128 3@ Onfd 256 25 281 4# emfkf ७१७ ७३ 790 ३$ ;+v'jf;ef ९० १२ 102 2% t]x|y'd 74 6 80 1^ wgs'6f ५९ 6 65 1& df]/ª ६१० ६६ 676 ५* ;f]n'v'Dj' 87 7 94 1( cf]vn9'Ëf 51 5 56 1!) ;Kt/L 296 22 318 2!! /fd]5fk 220 15 235 1!@ l;Gw'nL 94 7 101 1!# dxf]Q/L 335 42 377 4!$ wflbË 175 15 190 3!% sf7df08f} -huGgfyb]jn_ 2222 328 2550 12!^ k;f{ 1057 80 1137 7!& lrtjg 534 57 591 4!* /f}tx6 123 6 129 1!( sf:sL 569 46 615 1@) :ofªhf 106 8 114 1@! gjnk/f;L 262 23 285 3@@ kfNkf 202 66 268 5@# u'NdL 58 8 66 2@$ bfª -t'n;Lk'/_ 195 21 216 2@% ?s'd 57 5 62 2@^ ;Nofg 70 16 86 2@& /f]Nkf 65 7 72 2@* afFs] 536 59 595 2@( alb{of 242 15 257 2#) ;'v]{t 149 22 171 3#! b}n]v 156 9 165 1#@ sflnsf]6 38 5 43 1## s}nfnL 383 30 413 4#$ s~rgk'/ 254 15 269 4 hDdf 10458 1139 11597 93

;|f]t M u[x dGqfno, sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefu, @)&#


cg';"lr %

lhNnfut¿kdf ePsf] hGdbtf{ ;+Vof

qm=;+= lhNnf ;+Vof! a}t8L 178

@ nlntk'/ 1,917

# pbok'/ 187

$ bf]nvf 34

% ; v'jf;ef 75

^ O{nfd 3,485

& sf7df08f} 16,041

* ¿kGb]xL 58

( 88]Nw'/f 16

!) Dff]/ª 1,895

!! l;Gw'kfNrf]s 5

!@ kfNkf 1,586

!# tfKn]h'ª 9

!$ afh'/f 39

!% emfkf 6,307

!^ s}nfnL 4,843

!& ;'g;/L 2,023

!* kfFry/ 550

!( afUn'ª 55

@) tgx"F 1,240

@! sfe]| 4,838

hDdf 45,381

;|f]t M ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, s]Gb|Lo k~hLs/0f ljefu, @)&#


cg';"lr ^

lhNnf cg';f/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|bfg ul/Psf afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof, @)&@÷&#

qm=;+= lhNnf k"0f{ ckf· cf+lzs ckf·clt c;Qm

ckf·afnaflnsf

nf]kf]Gd'v cflbjf;L÷hghflt

1 tfKn]h'Ë 139 220 0 1072 0

2 kf+ry/ 152 359 0 953 0

3 Onfd 257 60 394 860 3297

4 Emfkf 1013 146 0 3701 6574

5 ;+v'jf;ef 154 75 307 1482 0

6 t]x|y'd 125 122 0 851 0

7 ef]hk'/ 222 362 0 2026 23

8 wgs'6f 377 653 0 927 0

9 df]/Ë 1573 1198 0 9750 0

10 ;'g;/L 374 265 0 7013 0

11 ;f]n'v'Dj' 105 75 0 1544 0

12 vf]6fË 269 68 0 3775 0

13 cf]vn9'''Ëf 273 366 0 2170 0

14 pbok'/ 351 350 0 2117 36

15 ;Kt/L 644 331 0 16902 0

16 l;/fxf 461 453 0 14642 0

17 bf]nvf 131 90 0 1444 199

18 /fd]5fk 648 475 0 2363 1058

19 l;Gw'nL 547 266 0 3272 2018

20 wg'iff 219 369 0 16052 10

21 dxf]Q/L 296 768 0 10780 0

22 ;nf{xL 1354 267 0 14970 190

23 /;'jf 180 41 0 124 0

24 wflbË 606 704 0 4746 0

25 g'jfsf]6 427 65 0 2957 0

26 sf7df08f|+} 516 394 0 612 0

27 eQmk'/ 216 86 0 154 0



ckf·afnaflnsf


28 nlntk'/ 142 177 0 16 0

29 sfe|]knfGrf]s 513 539 0 1857 68

30 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 760 745 0 2838 0

31 dsjfgk'/ 276 460 0 826 76

32 /f}tx6 731 530 0 13092 8

33 jf/f 388 497 0 9664 42

34 k;f{ 351 585 0 8945 0

35 lrtjg 301 598 0 2904 0

36 uf]/vf 544 732 0 4957 7

37 dgfË 18 78 0 11 0

38 ndh'Ë 261 596 0 2608 0

39 sf:sL 387 382 0 3147 0

40 tgx"F 452 479 0 3972 0

41 :ofªhf 447 442 0 5449 0

42 u'NdL 502 742 0 7028 0

43 kfNkf 247 74 0 3490 0

44 c3f{vf+rL 734 273 0 5234 0

45 gjnk/f;L 458 1127 0 6509 247

46 ¿kGb]xL 307 327 0 2048 309

47 slknj:t' 282 674 0 6031 499

48 d':tfª 37 53 0 129 0

49 DofUbL 141 739 0 3227 0

50 jfUn'Ë 468 337 0 8323 0

51 kj{t 234 515 0 4783 0

52 ?s'd 532 446 0 8498 0

53 /f]Nkf 100 222 0 5012 3

54 Ko"7fg 195 264 0 6348 34

55 ;Nofg 367 312 0 4673 5

56 bfË 365 493 0 5320 24

57 8f]Nkf 62 183 0 5420 0



ckf·afnaflnsf


58 d'u' 117 277 0 8940 0

59 h'Dnf 267 618 0 12226 0

60 sflnsf]6 221 115 0 23810 0

61 x'Dnf 49 17 0 7987 0

62 hfh/sf]6 295 119 0 8051 0

63 b}n]v 178 56 0 13490 150

64 ;''v]{t 362 349 0 15513 1358

65 jf+s] 379 654 0 3531 24

66 jlb{of 388 540 0 4468 897

67 jfh'/f 186 250 0 6785 0

68 c5fd 78 287 0 18012 0

69 jemfË 86 238 0 7829 0

70 8f]6L 132 236 0 8217 0

71 s}nfnL 269 131 0 10613 2149

72 bfr'{nf 221 138 0 2227 18

73 j}t8L 480 185 0 9547 0

74 88]Nw'/f 195 244 0 4691 485

75 sGrgk'/ 397 322 0 6630 170

76sf7df08f} dxfgu/ 241 96 0 0 0

77 lj/f6gu/ pk d= 162 26 0 424 0

78 lj/u~h pk d= 74 24 0 188 0

79 kf]v/f pk d= 272 309 0 1277 6

80 nlntk'/ pk d= 168 117 0 27 20

81 Onfd g=kf= 17 3 0 0 56

82 bds g=kf= 79 59 0 252 10

83 d]rLgu/ g=kf= 67 104 0 92 1732

84 O6x/L g=kf= 55 1 0 348 8

85 w/fg g=kf= 135 196 0 800 1

86 nxfg g=kf= 55 44 0 1720 0



ckf·afnaflnsf


87 lqo'uf g=kf= 96 84 0 502 4

88 hgsk'/ g=kf= 33 98 0 498 0

89 sLlt{k'/ g=kf= 26 67 0 0 0

90 eQmk'/ g=kf= 83 74 0 6 0

91dWok'/ l7dL g=kf=

75 78 0 20

92 ag]kf g=kf= 14 27 0 18 0

93 x]6f}8f g=kf= 85 104 0 386 0

94 e/tk'/ g=kf= 125 105 0 1053 0

95 /Tggu/ g=kf= 39 9 0 142 0

96 Jof; g=kf= 48 38 0 415 3

97 n]vgfy g=kf= 142 52 0 682 0

98 a'6jn g=kf= 71 62 0 133 20

99 l;4fy{gu/ g=kf= 15 29 0 13 31

100 afun'ª g=kf= 45 45 0 340 0

101 3f]/fxL g=kf= 72 42 0 479 18

102 t'N;Lk'/ g=kf= 79 39 0 1677 6

103 g]kfnu~h g=kf= 142 46 75 1717 382

104 u'nl/of g=kf= 52 103 0 724 172

105 l6sfk'/ g=kf= 0 0 0 776 72

106 wgu9L g=kf= 62 51 0 817 65

107 eLdbQ g=kf= 162 81 0 1832 20

108 sfjf;f]tL g=kf= 50 98 0 385 0

109 wgs'6f g=kf= 50 67 0 133 182

110

a'9flgns07 g=kf= 73 64 0 58 0

111 cQ/Lof g=kf= 23 92 0 1518 0

112 6f]vf g=kf= 47 23 0 13 0

113

dxfd~h'>L gu/sf]6 g=kf= 48 14 0 51 0



ckf·afnaflnsf


114

n'lDagL ;f+:s[lts g=kf= 11 7 0 99 35

115

sfo{ljgfos g=kf= 45 55 0 66 0

116 tf/s]Zj/ g=kf= 43 72 0 68 0

117 uf]bfj/L g=kf= 50 28 0 65 3

118 dxfnIdL g=kf= 42 53 0 77 0

119 rGb|lu/L g=kf= 66 30 0 127 0

120 Gffufh'{g g=kf= 42 38 0 28 0

121

cgGt ln+u]Zj/ g=kf= 50 17 0 10 0

122 ltnf]Qdf g=kf= 66 42 0 221 32

123 ljtf{df]8 g=kf= 46 25 0 79 132

124 u}8fsf]6 48 84 0 260 0

125 z+v/fk'/ g=kf= 55 23 0 60 0

126

sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f g=kf= 40 60 0 180 0

127 uf]s0f]{Zj/ g=kf= 70 25 0 19 0

128 blIf0fsfnL g=kf= 65 56 0 46 0

129 rfFu'gf/fo0f g=kf= 70 27 0 39 0

130 ;'o{ljgfos g=kf= 42 31 0 63 0

131 la/]Gb|gu/ g=kf= 89 76 0 1118 93

132 rGb|k'/ g=kf= 138 144 0 679 0

133 u9LdfO{ g=kf= 56 43 0 601 4

134 sf]xnk'/ g=kf= 67 95 0 484 15

\hDdf 30814 30627 776 466074 23100

;|f]tM ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] clen]v, @)&#


cg';"lr &

afnu[xx¿sf] ;+Vof

k|b]z g+ qm=;= lhNnf afnu[x ;+Vof ;+/lIft afns ;+/lIft aflnsf hDdf! ! ;+v'jf;ef ^ @# @& %)

@ O{nfd ! # # ^# pbok'/ ! # @ %$ emfkf !) &^ ^@ !#*% df]/ª $ !)* ^) !^*^ wgs'6f ! & & !$& ;'g;/L ^ !@# (* @@!

hDDff @( j6f #$# @%( ^)@@ ! ;Kt/L ! @$ ) @$

@ k;f{ $ !#@ ) !#@# ;nf{xL % %( $^ !)%$ dxf]Q/L ! ! ! @% af/f ! !# ( @@^ /f}tx6 ! @# # @^& l;/fxf ! $ ( !#* wg'iff ! @ & (

hDDff !% j6f @%* &% #### ! sf7df08f} @)) @(*! #$*# ^$^$

@ nlntk'/ !#@ !%@@ !%)# #)@%# eQmk'/ !* #$$ @^( ^!#$ lrtjg ## %^& %(* !!^%% bf]nvf ! !! ) !!^ l;Gw'nL ! # & !)& wflbª ^ %^ ^# !!(* l;Gw'kfNrf]s % @( $% &$( dsjfgk'/ !@ !@( !^@ @(!!) sfe|] !! @!@ !$) #%@!! g'jfsf]6 @ #& !# %)

hDDff $@! j6f %*(! ^@*# !@!&$


$ ! ndh'ª ! * !) !*@ DofUbL ! $ ^ !)# tgx"F ^ %* $! (($ sf:sL $^ ^&% &(^ !$&!

hDdf %$ j6f &$% *%# !%(*% ! kfNkf ! !$ !% @(

@ slknj:t' ! !^ ) !^# afFs] !) !^# &) @##$ bfª # @&% @*) %%%% gjnk/f;L $ !!% () @)%^ ¿kGb]xL * !&( !!* @(&& alb{of @ %% #$ *(

hDDff @(j6f *!& ^)& !$@$^ ! ;'v{]t % !$@ !@( @&!

@ b}n]v ! # @ %# x'Dnf $ #^ (* !#$$ h'Dnf @ @) @(

hDDff !@ @)! @%* $%(& ! s}nfnL ^ (* *# !*!

@ c5fd ! !! * !(# s~rgk'/ % &! @% (^

hDDff !@ !*) !!^ @(^hDDff M $$ lhNnf %&@ *$#% *$%! !^**^


cg';"lr *

wfld{s ;+:yfdf cfjf;Lo ¿kdf /x]sf afnaflnsf

qm=;+= lhNnf wfld{s ;+3–;+:yfsf] ;+Vof afns aflnsf hDdf

1 emfkf 17 469 0 469

2 Ko"7fg 1 73 0 73

3 kf“ry/ 2 22 0 22

4 wflbª\ 5 27 10 37

5 b}n]v 1 2 0 2

6 sf7df08f} 24 1421 67 1488

7 cf]vn9'+uf 3 62 36 98

8 sGrgk'/ 1 8 1 9

9 ef]hk'/ 1 23 0 23

10 d'u' 1 2 0 2

11 :ofª\hf 3 67 1 68

12 eQmk'/ 2 41 0 41

13 Onfd 4 123 0 123

14 dsjfgk'/ 6 97 23 120

15 x'Dnf 3 114 108 222

16 uf]/vf 1 10 0 10

17 ¿kGb]xL 3 135 0 135

18 lrtjg 10 210 81 291

19 afun'ª 10 175 84 259

20 wg'iff 13 276 116 392

21 ;'g;/L 26 1614 896 2510

22 s}nfnL 4 84 3 87

23 ?s'd 1 2 0 2

24 l;/xf 1 85 0 85

25 alb{of 2 26 26 52

26 ;Kt/L 1 41 0 41

27 ;nf{xL 1 25 0 25

hDdf 147 5234 1452 6686



cg';"l

r (

k|f/l

Des

afn

ljs

f;s

f] cg'e

j;lx

t s

Iff !

df e

gf{ e

Psf a

fnaf

lns

fsf] l

jj/0

f, @)

&@

ef}u

f]lns

If]q

sIf

f ! d

f gof

F egf

{ ;+Vo

fk|f

/lDe

s a

fnlj

sf;

s]Gb

|af6

sIf

f ! d

f cfP

sf

afna

flns

f / s

"n lj

BfyL

{df o

;sf] k

|ltz

t

afln

sf

afns

hDd

faf

lns

f -%

_af

ns -%

_h

Ddf -

%_

lxdfn

428

03402

37830

3621

056

(49.

2)20

036

(49.

8)

410

92 (4

9.5)

kxf8

1638

9316

1246

3251

38812

16 (4

9.6)

7932

1 (4

9.2)

1605

37 (4

9.4)

sf7df08

f} pk

Tosf

24412

2676

251

174

13472

(55.

2)15

358 (5

7.4)

28830

(56.

3)

t/fO{

23450

022

830

1462

799

1636

96 (6

9.8)

1550

98 (6

7.9)

31879

4 (6

8.9

)

hDd

f465

608

456

546

9221

47

2794

40

(60.

0)26

9813

(59.

1)54

9253

(59.

6)

;|f]tM

lzIff ljef

u, @

)&@


cg';"lr !)

sIffut ljBfyL{ egf{b/ -5fq / 5fqf_ ljj/0f

5fq 5fqf hDdf

sIff ! 530176 523648 1053824

sIff @ 441675 430137 871812

sIff # 417718 399481 817199

sIff $ 392095 379661 771756

sIff % 383722 366629 750351

sIff ^ 324766 321774 646540

sIff & 308237 299326 607563

sIff * 311813 296957 608770

sIff ( 261598 250436 512034

sIff !) 216570 210293 426863

sIff !! 112955 112325 225280

sIff !@ 115395 110078 225473

hDdf 3816720 3700745 7517465

;|f]tM lzIff ljefu, @)&@


cg';"lr !!s= @)&@ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] glthf l:ylt

P;=Pn=;L=2072, /]u'n/qm=;= tx ljBfyL{ ;+Vof

hDdf ;xefuL ljBfyL{ 4373261 lhlkP 3=6 b]lv 4=0 ;Dd 164542 lhlkP 3=2 b]lv 3=6 ;Dd 415773 lhlkP 2=8 b]lv 3=2 ;Dd 486114 lhlkP 2=4 b]lv 2=8 ;Dd 631815 lhlkP 2=0 b]lv 2=4 ;Dd 947166 lhlkP 1=6 b]lv 2=0 ;Dd 1042787 lhlkP 1=2 b]lv 1=6 ;Dd 567638 lhlkP 0=8 b]lv 1=2 ;Dd 80009 lhlkP 0=0 b]lv 0=8 ;Dd 1110 sd pd]/sf ;xefuL 1611 Theory %'^]sf 173312 Practical %"^]sf 180013 pQ/k"l:tsf /@ 18814 *«kcfp^ 687815 jlx:sf/ 1;|f]tM k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/, @)&#

v= P;=Pn=;L=2072, PShfD^]*

qm=;=Tfx ljBfyL{ ;+Vof

hDdf ;xeflu ljBfyL{ 1508261 lhlkP 3=6 b]lv 4=0 ;Dd 42 lhlkP 3=2 b]lv 3=6 ;Dd 83 lhlkP 2=8 b]lv 3=2 ;Dd 944 lhlkP 2=4 b]lv 2=8 ;Dd 29435 lhlkP 2=0 b]lv 2=4 ;Dd 297806 lhlkP 1=6 b]lv 2=0 ;Dd 753407 lhlkP 1=2 b]lv 1=6 ;Dd 379398 lhlkP 0=8 b]lv 1=2 ;Dd 24529 lhlkP 0=0 b]lv 0=8 ;Dd 210 sd pd]/sf ;xefuL 2711 Theory %'^]sf 108112 Practical %"^]sf 95213 pQ/k"l:tsf /@ 19514 *«kcfp^ 867515 jlx:sf/ 2;|f]tM k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/, @)&#


cg';"lr !@

lhNnfcg';f/sf] afnSnjsf] ;+Vof

qm=;+= lhNnf afnSnasf] ;+Vof;b:o afnaflnsf

aflnsf afns hDdf1 tfKn]h'ª 33 1551 1563 31142 kfry/ 303 1490 1378 28683 Onfd 283 1587 1542 31294 emfkf 131 1281 1197 24785 ;+v'jf;ef 62 1626 2126 36426 wgs'6f 35 210 330 5407 t]x|y"d 104 858 865 17028 df]/ª 851 11699 12433 241329 ;'g;/L 485 4270 5885 1015510 ef]hk'/ 424 2574 2270 494411 ;f]n'v'Da' 354 3377 4055 743212 cf]vn9'ª\uf 144 816 905 172113 vf]6fª 23 126 113 23914 pbok'/ 458 0 0 015 l;/fxf 206 3586 5384 897016 ;Kt/L 1186 8217 9673 1779017 /fd]5fk 187 1315 1146 246118 l;Gw'nL 232 1148 1139 228719 wg"iff 117 547 656 120320 dxf]Q/L 88 1103 1448 255121 ;nf{xL 336 2856 2856 571222 bf]nvf 100 520 580 110023 lrtjg 659 3605 3985 759024 af/f 231 2961 7117 1007825 k;f{ 351 1852 2776 4628



aflnsf afns hDdf26 /f}tx6 975 4763 3116 787927 dsjfgk'/ 345 1114 1024 213828 sf7df08f} 181 2219 2594 481329 nlntk"/ 195 2611 2700 531130 eQmk"/ 91 718 918 163631 l;Gw"kfnrf]s 500 6150 6464 1257932 g"jfsf]6 170 1000 1210 221033 wflbª 237 1386 1386 277234 sfe]| 411 2469 2538 500735 /;"jf 60 734 812 144536 c3f{vfFrL 431 4692 5198 989037 slknj:t' 537 4468 6335 1080338 ¿kGb]xL 141 1352 1249 260139 gjnk/f;L 800 10219 17710 2792940 kfNkf 773 9763 11364 2112741 u"NdL 213 2958 2935 589342 sf:sL 432 6325 5321 1164643 uf]/vf 89 1159 1226 238544 ndh'ª 310 2695 2689 538445 dgfª 15 167 124 29146 :ofª\hf 268 2553 2742 529547 tgx"F 512 7219 8141 1536048 d":tfª 268 2553 0 049 DofUbL 56 400 384 48450 afUn'ª 350 770 885 165551 kj{t 152 647 822 146952 bfª 621 6000 6750 1275053 /f]Nkf 117 1415 1510 2925



aflnsf afns hDdf54 Ko"7fg 146 2561 2223 478455 ?s"d 223 981 1472 245356 ;Nofg 41 838 761 150957 ;'v]{t 326 3262 3059 632158 alb{of 246 1731 1675 340659 hfh/sf]6 163 884 1060 194460 afFs] 600 6580 5754 1233461 b}}n]v 876 6470 6665 1313562 x'Dnf 131 1126 1542 266863 sfnLsf]6 350 2245 3140 538564 d'u' 280 1274 1541 281565 8f]Nkf 76 750 846 159666 h"Dnf 134 750 1136 188667 s}nfnL 306 10525 7500 1802568 aemfª 34 373 388 76169 afh"/f 209 558 1950 250870 8f]6L 266 2844 4264 710871 c5fd 504 2688 3132 582072 bfr'{nf 48 250 283 53373 a}t8L 590 4130 4720 885074 88]Nw'/f 165 1100 1300 240075 s~rgk'/ 281 6435 7730 14165

hDdf 226,28 206,049 231,710 434,549



cg';"lr !#

g]kfndf @)^# ;fnkl5 /fli6«o afnlbj;df tof/ kfl/Psf gf/fx¿

jif{ gf/f

@)^$ / ^% ;'lglZrtafnclwsf/M gofF g]kfnsf] k"jf{wf/

@)^^ / ^& xfdL ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/M gofF ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrtafnclwsf/

@)^* / ^( xfdL ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/ M zflGt ;+ljwfg / ;'lglZrtafnclwsf/

@)&) / &! afnaflnsfsf s'/f ;'gf}+M afnb'Jo{jxf/ cGTo u/f}+

@)&@ k'glg{df0f / ;+ljwfgMafnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fxfd|f] cleofg

@)&# ;Dj4{g afnclwsf/sf] M sfof{Gjog ;+ljwfgsf]









æ;Dj4{g afnclwsf/sf]M sfof{Gjog ;+ljwfgsf]Æ

Documents

g]kfn ;/sf/ - CCWBccwb.gov.np/uploads/Resource/CCWB Publication/report/state report 2073 .pdfxiix • g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo afnclwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw, !(*( nfO{ ;g\ !(() sf] ;]K6]Da