1

g]kfn /fi6« a}+s cg';Gwfg ljefu

b]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s tyf ljQLo l:ylt -cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfsf] tYofÍdf cfwfl/t_

cfly{s kl/b[Zo

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] klxnf] ;ft dlxgf;Dddf pknAw cfly{s kl/;"rsx?n] g]kfnL cy{tGqsf]

;dli6ut cfly{s l:ylt ldl>t /xg] b]vfPsf 5g\ . t/fO{ If]qdf ePsf] nuftf/sf] jiff{ tyf 8'jfgsf

sf/0f jif{] wfgsf] pTkfbgdf c;/ u¥of] . lxpFb] jiff{ kof{Kt x'g] ;s]g . t;y{, s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg j[l4

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf sd /xg] cg'dfg 5 .

u}/ s[lif tkm{, phf{, lgdf{0f tyf k'g/lgdf{0f Pjd\ ko{6g If]qsf] ultljlw cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf /fd|f] x'g]

b]lvG5 . s]xL hnljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsfn] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] Ifdtf pkof]udf j[l4 eO{

;du| cfly{s ultljlw lj:tf/df ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L, g]kfndf cfpg] ko{6ssf] ;+Vof tyf

xf]6ndf ePsf] nufgL j[l4n] ;du| cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] b]lvG5 . l;d]G6 tyf hnljB't

pTkfbgsf cfof]hgfx?df k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL a9]sf] 5 . plNnlvt sf/0fsf cltl/Qm, tLg} txsf]

lgjf{rg ;DkGg eO{ ;/sf/ ;d]t u7g eO;s]sfn] lghL If]qsf] nufgLsf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f ;[hgf

ePsf] 5 . oL ljsf;qmdx?sf] kl/0ffd:j?k @)&$÷&% df ;Gtf]]ifk|b cfly{s j[l4sf] kl/b[io /xg]

b]lvG5 .

@)&$ df3 dlxgfdf jflif{s laGb''ut pkef]Qmf d''b|fkmLlt b/ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] #=# k|ltztaf6 j[l4 eO{ %=)

k|ltzt k''u]sf] 5 . xfn}sf dlxgfx?df pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt b/df a9\g] k|j[lQ b]lvP tfklg o; jif{sf]

cf};t d'b|f:kmLlt jflif{s k|If]k0feGbf Go"g g} /xg] cg'dfg 5 .

ljQLo cj:yf s]xL sl;nf] /lx/x]sf] 5 . a9\bf] rfn" vftf 3f6f;Fu} ;du| zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt C0ffTds /x]sf

sf/0f ljb]zL d'b|f ;l~rtLdf s]xL sdL cfPsf]n] ljQLo cj:yf sl;nf] ePsf] xf] . cfufdL lbgdf ;/sf/L

vr{df cfpg] j[l4n] ljBdfg ljQLo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'bF} hfg] b]lvG5 .

2

d'b|f:kmLlt / tna tyf Hofnfb/

pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt

@)&# df3 dlxgfdf jflif{s laGb'ut pkef]Qmf

d'b|f:kmLlt #=# k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)&$ df3

dlxgfdf jflif{s laGb'ut pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt

% k|ltzt sfod ePsf] 5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf

vfB j:t'x¿sf] d"Nodf ePsf] j[l4sf sf/0f

;du| d'b|f:kmLlt ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf a9L

/x]sf] xf] .

vfB d'b|f:kmLlt

;dLIff cjlwdf vfB d'b|f:kmLlt $

k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf vfB d'b|f:kmLlt )=@ k|ltztn]

C0ffTds /x]sf] lyof] . ut jif{sf]

t'ngfdf o; ;d"x cGtu{tsf] t/sf/L,

b'UwhGo kbfy{ tyf c08f, kmnkm"n, df;'

tyf df5f, £o" tyf t]n nufotsf

j:t'x¿sf] d"Nodf j[l4 ePsf] sf/0f

;du| vfB d'b|f:kmLlt a9\g uPsf] xf] .

u}/–vfB d'b|f:kmLlt

;dLIff cjlwdf u}/–vfB d'b|f:kmLlt %=* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf u}/–vfB

d'b|f:kmLlt ^=! k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . o; ;d"x cGtu{tsf] nQfsk8f tyf h'Qf, kmlg{l;ª tyf 3/fo;L

pks/0f, lzIff nufotsf j:t'x¿sf] d"No j[l4b/ ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf sd /x]sf]n] u}/–vfB d'b|f:kmLlt sd

/xg uPsf] xf] .

If]qut pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt

If]qut cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;dLIff cjlwdf pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt t/fO{df %=^ k|ltzt, lxdfndf %=$

k|ltzt, kxf8df %=! k|ltzt / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf $ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf

d"No j[l4b/ t/fO{df # k|ltzt, lxdfndf #=@ k|ltzt, kxf8df %=( k|ltzt / sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf !=!

k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

aS; !M jflif{s laGb'ut vfB d'b|f:kmLlt -;ft dlxgf_

ljj/0f d'b|f:kmLlt -k|ltzt_

@)&#÷&$ @)&$÷&%

vfB d'b|f:kmLlt -)=@_ $=)

!= t/sf/L -%=*_ @%=%

@= b'UwhGo kbfy{ tyf c08f $=^ &=&

#= kmnkm"n )=& #=*

$= df;' tyf df5f -@=$_ @=^

%= £o" tyf t]n -*=$_ !=(

;|f]t M /fli6«o pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rsfÍ, df3 @)&$

3

g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt cGt/

@)&$ df3 dlxgfdf g]kfnsf] jflif{s laGb'ut pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt % k|ltzt / ef/tsf] $=$ k|ltzt

/x]sfn] oL b'O{ d'n's aLrsf] pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt cGt/ )=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf g]kfn tyf ef/tdf o:tf] d'b|f:kmLlt qmdzM #=# k|ltzt / #=& k|ltzt /x]sf]n] b'O{ d'n'saLrsf]

pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt cGt/ )=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

yf]s d'b|f:kmLlt

;dLIff cjlwdf jflif{s laGb'ut yf]s d'b|f:kmLltb/ @=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf

o:tf] d'b|f:kmLlt !=& k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf yf]s d"No cGtu{t s[lifhGo j:t'x¿sf] d"No

;"rsfÍ )=! k|ltztn] C0ffTds /x]sf] 5 eg] :jb]zdf pTkflbt j:t'x¿sf] d"No ;"rsfÍ ^ k|ltzt tyf

cfoftLt j:t'x¿sf] d"No ;"rsfÍ $=% k|ltztn]] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3NNff] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf s[lifhGo

j:t'x¿sf] d"No ;"rsfÍ )=* k|ltzt, :jb]zdf pTkflbt j:t'x¿sf] d"No ;"rsfÍ $=& k|ltzt / cfoftLt

j:t'x¿sf] d"No ;"rsfÍ !=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .

/fli6«o tna tyf Hofnfb/ ;"rsfÍ

;dLIff cjlwdf jflif{s laGb'ut /fli6«o tna tyf Hofnfb/ ;"rsfÍ ^=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf]

jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pQm ;"rsfÍ !$=@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf tna ;"rsfÍdf

(=$ k|ltzt / Hofnfb/ ;"rsfÍdf %=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . tna cGtu{t lghL k|lti7fg, lzIff /

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf pk–;d"xx¿sf] tna ;"rsfÍ qmdzM #^=# k|ltzt, %=* k|ltzt / !=# k|ltztn]

j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L, Hofnfb/ cGtu{t s[lif dhb"/, cf}Bf]lus dhb"/ / lgdf{0f dhb"/sf] Hofnfb/

;"rsfÍ qmdzM %=^ k|ltzt, ^=^ k|ltzt / $=( k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

afXo If]q

j}b]lzs Jofkf/

cfly{s aif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgf;Dddf

s'n j:t' lgof{t !@=( k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=

$& ca{ ^@ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]

;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] lgof{t !%=@ k|ltztn]

j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf ef/ttkm{

!@=$ k|ltzt, rLgtkm{ &@=# k|ltzt / cGo

d'n'stkm{ !) k|ltztn] lgof{t a9]sf] 5 .

j:t'ut cfwf/df kz'cfxf/, h'6sf ;fdfg,

jg:ktL £o", wfuf], tof/L kf]zfs nufotsf

j:t'sf] lgof{t a9]sf] 5 eg] h';, cnF}rL,

lh=cfO{ kfO{k, pgL un}Frf, tfdfsf tf/ nufotsf j:t'x¿sf] lgof{t 36]sf] 5 .

4

;dLIff cjlwdf s'n j:t' cfoft !*=( k|ltztn] a9]/ ?= ^^! ca{ @# s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]

;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] cfoft ^)=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf ef/taf6 ePsf] cfoft !*=&

k|ltzt, rLgaf6 ePsf] cfoft !(=& k|ltzt / cGo d'n'saf6 ePsf] cfoft !*=( k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

j:t'ut cfwf/df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, d]lzg/L tyf kf6{k'hf{, oftfoftsf ;fwg, ;'g, kf]lnlyg u|]lgo'N;

nufotsf j:t'sf] cfoft a9]sf] 5 eg] s[lif cf}hf/, xjfO{hxfhsf kf6{k'hf{, ;]lg6/Lj]o;{, lhÍ O{guf]6

nufotsf j:t'x¿sf] cfoft 36]sf] 5 .

eG;f/ gfsfsf cfwf/df jL/u+h eG;f/ sfof{no / s[i0fgu/ eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ePsf] lgof{tdf sdL

cfPsf] ePtfklg cGo eG;f/ gfsfx¿af6 ePsf] lgof{tdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L, cfofttkm{ ;dLIff

cjlwdf ;'Vvf aGb/ufx eG;f/ sfof{no / s~rgk'/ eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ePsf] cfoftdf sdL cfPsf] 5

eg] cGo gfsfaf6 ePsf] cfoftdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf s'n j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6f !(=$ k|ltztn] a9L ?= ^!# ca{ ^) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]

jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] Jofkf/ 3f6f ^^=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf]] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf lgof{t–cfoft

cg'kft &=@ k|ltzt /x]sf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] cg'kft &=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

lgof{t cfoft d"No ;"rsfÍ

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfdf eG;f/ tYofÍdf cfwfl/t lgof{tsf] PsfO d"No ;"rsfÍ (Unit

Value Index) jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df !=@ k|ltztn] 36]sf] / cfoft d"No ;"rsfÍdf !=( k|ltztn] j[l4

ePsf]n] Jofkf/sf] ;t{ (Terms of Trade) df #=! k|ltztn] x|f; cfPsf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL

dlxgfdf o:tf] ;t{ $=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . sfk]{6, klZdgf, cn}rL, £o", d';'/f]sf] bfnsf] lgof{t d"Nodf

x|f; cfPsf sf/0f lgof{t d"No ;"rsfÍdf sdL ePsf] xf] eg] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, ;jf/L ;fwg, 6fo/,

/]lk|mlh/]6/, Nofk6ksf] d"Nodf j[l4 ePsf sf/0f cfoft d"No ;"rsfÍdf j[l4 ePsf]] xf] .

;]jf

;dLIff cjlwdf s'n ;]jf cfodf (=^ k|ltzt / s'n ;]jf vr{ !(=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] sf/0f v'b ;]jf cfo

?= @ ca{ *@ s/f]8n] 3f6fdf uPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf v'b ;]jf cfo ?= $ ca{ %(

s/f]8n] artdf /x]sf] lyof] . ;]jf vftf cGt{ut ko{6g cfo ;dLIff cjlwdf @^=% k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=

#& ca{ &* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] aif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] cfo #)=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] .

ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx

;dLIff cjlwdf ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx !=& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= $)! ca{ #% s/f]8 k'u]sf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]

;f]xL cjlwdf ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx %=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . v'b 6«fG;km/ cfodf eg] #=) k|ltztn] sdL

cfO{ ?= $^) ca{ *% s/f]8df ;Lldt ePsf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] cfo *=# k|ltztn]

a9]sf] lyof] .

5

aS; @M afXo If]qsf] cj:yf -cd]l/sL 8n/_* -cd]l/sL 8n/ s/f]8df_

ljj/0f 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75 ;ft dlxgfsf] k|ltzt

kl/jt{g

;ft dlxgf aflif{s ;ft dlxgf aflif{s ;ft dlxgf 2073/74 2074/75

j:t' lgof{t -Pkm cf] lj_ 36.62 70.39 43.80 77.37 52.23 19.6 19.2 j:t' cfoft -Pkm cf] lj_ 321.21 709.25 509.04 921.93 631.21 58.5 24.0 Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng -–3f6f_ -284.59 -638.86 -465.24 -844.56 -578.99 63.5 24.4 e|d0f cfo 21.74 39.27 27.74 55.23 36.63 27.6 32.0 ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx 355.38 625.34 366.43 655.63 389.86 3.1 6.4 rfn" vftf art -–3f6f_ 147.13 133.88 -9.76 -9.35 -137.34 - - zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt -–art_ -145.86 -177.94 -34.34 -77.66 17.87 - - * zf]wgfGt/ tflnsf cg';f/ .

cd]l/sL 8n/sf cfwf/df cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfdf s'n j:t' lgof{t !(=@ k|ltzt / s'n j:t' cfoft @$ k|ltztn]

a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf j:t' lgof{t !(=^ k|ltzt / j:t' cfoft %*=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf e|d0f cfo #@ k|ltzt / ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx ^=$ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf e|d0f cfo @&=^

k|ltzt / ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx #=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] .

cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ;ft dlxgfdf cd]l/sL 8n/ ( s/f]8 &^ nfvn] 3f6fdf /x]sf] rfn" vftf ;dLIff cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ !

ca{ #& s/f]8n] 3f6fdf uPsf] 5 . To;}u/L, zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt cl3Nnf] jif{sf] klxnf] ;ft dlxgfdf cd]l/sL 8n/ #$ s/f]8 #$

nfvn] artdf /x]sf]df ;dLIff cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ !& s/f]8 *& nfvn] 3f6fdf /x]sf] 5 .

>d :jLs[ltsf cfwf/df j}b]lzs

/f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof -

k'gM >d :jLs[lt afx]s_ ;dLIff

cjlwdf $=( k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf klg

o:tf] ;+Vof ^=& k|ltztn] 36]]sf]

lyof] .

rfn" vftf Pjd\ zf]wgfGt/

l:ylt

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;ft dlxgfdf ?= !)

ca{ ^^ s/f]8n] 3f6fdf /x]sf] rfn"

vftf ;dLIff cjlwdf ?= !$! ca{

^ s/f]8n] 3f6fdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dLIff

cjlwdf cfoft tyf ljb]zL

nufgLsf] nfefz+ e'QmfgLdf ePsf]

pRr j[l4sf sf/0f rfn" vftf

pNn]Vo 3f6fdf /x]sf] xf] . To;}u/L,

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;ft dlxgfdf ?= #^ ca{ (% s/f]8n] artdf /x]sf] ;du| zf]wgfGt/ ;dLIff cjlwdf ?=

!* ca{ @* s/f]8n] 3f6fdf /x]sf] 5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf k'FhLut 6«fG;km/ ?= !) ca{ ^$ s/f]8 / k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL cfk|jfx

?= !$ ca{ #$ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf k'FhLut 6«fG;km/ ?= ( ca{ @% s/f]8 /

k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL ?= & ca{ ^) s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] .

aS; !M j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿sf] ;+Vof

-;ft dlxgf;Dd_

s_ ;+:yfut tyf JolQmut -gofF / j}Bflgs/0f_

sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof k|ltzt lx:;f

b]z 2073/74 2074/75 2073/74 2074/75

dn]l;of 48674 68070 21.3 31.4 stf/ 76429 59282 33.5 27.3 ;+o'Qm c/a O{ld/]6\; 32671 35813 14.3 16.5 ;fpbL c/j 49882 26592 21.9 12.3 s'j]t 7209 8796 3.2 4.1 ax/fOg 2292 2923 1.0 1.3 blIf0f sf]l/of 918 2785 0.4 1.3 cf]dfg 1813 1689 0.8 0.8 ckmuflg:tfg 703 901 0.3 0.4 hfkfg 1777 437 0.8 0.2 Oh/fon 79 77 0.0 0.0 n]jgfg 103 10 0.0 0.0 cGo 5579 9650 2.4 4.4 s'n 228129 217025 100.0 100.0

k|ltzt kl/jt{g -6.7 -4.9 - - v_ k'gM >d :jLs[lt

k'gM >d :jLs[lt 150882 148504 - -

k|ltzt kl/jt{g 13.2 -1.6 - -

;|f]tM j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu . >d :jLs[ltdf cfwfl/t .

6

ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt

@)&$ c;f/ d;fGtsf] ?= !)&( ca{ $#

s/f]8 /x]sf] s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt

@)&$ df3 d;fGtdf @=* k|ltztn] sdL

cfO{ ?= !)$( ca{ @) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . s'n

ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltdWo] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf

/x]sf] ;l~rlt @)&$ c;f/ d;fGtsf] ?= (@&

ca{ @& s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf @)&$ df3

d;fGtdf ! k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= (#^ ca{

@! s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿

-g]kfn /fi6« a}+s afx]s_ ;Fu /x]sf] ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt @)&$ c;f/ d;fGtdf ?= !%@ ca{ !& s/f]8

/x]sf]df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf @%=& k|ltztn] sdL cfO{ ?= !!@ ca{ (( s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . @)&$ df3

d;fGtsf] s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltdf ef/tLo d'b|fsf] c+z @$=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

;l~rlt kof{Kttf ;"rsx¿

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfsf] cfoftnfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf a}lsË If]q;Fu /x]sf] ljb]zL ljlgdo

;l~rltn] !!=# dlxgfsf] j:t' cfoft / (=* dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jf cfoft wfGg kof{Kt /xg]

b]lvG5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg, s'n cfoft / lj:t[t

d'b|fk|bfo;Fusf cg'kftx¿ qmdzM $)=$ k|ltzt, *!=( k|ltzt / #&=^ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . @)&$ c;f/

d;fGtdf o:tf cg'kftx¿ qmdzM $!=% k|ltzt, (%=@ k|ltzt / $!=^ k|ltzt /x]sf lyP .

sRrf k]6«f]lnod Pjd\ ;'gsf] d"No

cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df sRrf k]6«f]lnod (Crude Oil Brent) sf] d"No @)&# df3 d;fGtdf k|lt Aof/n

cd]l/sL 8n/ %%=@) /x]sf]df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf !@=& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ k|lt Aof/n cd]l/sL 8n/

^@=@) sfod ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L, ;'gsf] d"No @)&# df3 d;fGtdf k|lt cfpG; cd]l/sL 8n/ !@@*=#)

/x]sf]df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf &=& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ k|lt cfpG; cd]l/sL 8n/ !#@@=#) k'u]sf] 5 .

ljlgdo b/

@)&$ c;f/ d;fGtsf] t'ngfdf @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf g]kfnL ¿k}ofF cd]l/sL 8n/;Fu )=! k|ltztn]

clwd"Nog ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] b/ )=! k|ltztn] g} clwd"Nog ePsf] lyof] .

@)&$ df3 d;fGtdf cd]l/sL 8n/ Pssf] vl/b ljlgdo b/ ?= !)@=&$ k'u]sf] 5 . @)&$ c;f/

d;fGtdf pQm ljlgdo b/ ?= !)@=*^ /x]sf] lyof] .

7

;/sf/L ljQ l:ylt

ah]6 3f6f÷art

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfdf

gub k|jfxdf cfwfl/t g]kfn ;/sf/sf]

ah]6 ?= @^ ca{ $& s/f]8n] 3f6fdf /x]sf]

5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf

;/sf/sf] ah]6 ?= !& ca{ (% s/f]8n]

artdf /x]sf] lyof] .

;/sf/L vr{

;dLIff cjlwdf gub k|jfxdf cfwfl/t s'n ;/sf/L vr{ ?= $@* ca{ ** s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]

jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] vr{ ?= #!# ca{ #) s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf rfn" vr{ ?= #$( ca{ &% s/f]8 k'u]sf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] vr{ ?=

@#& ca{ %$ s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf k'FhLut vr{ @* k|ltztn] a9]/ ?= ^) ca{ * s/f]8

ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ o:tf] vr{ ?= $^ ca{ ($ s/f]8 ePsf] lyof] .

;/sf/L /fh:j

;dLIff cjlwdf g]kfn

;/sf/sf] s'n /fh:j ;Íng

!(=% k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=

#*! ca{ #$ s/f]8 k'u]sf]]

5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf o:tf] /fh:j ^%

k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= #!( ca{

!% s/f]8 k'u]sf] lyof] . g]kfn

;/sf/sf] /fh:j ;Íng pRr eG;f/ z'Ns ;DalGwt cfoft;Fu ;Dj]bgzLn /xb}+ cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf ! j6f sfof{nox¿, ;/sf/L sf/f]af/ ug]{ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf *) zfvfx¿, g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf %@ j6f zfvfx¿, PgcfO{;L

Pl;of a}+s lnld6]8sf #$ zfvfx¿, s[lif ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8sf @& j6f zfvfx¿, Pe/]i6 a}+s lnld6]8sf !@ zfvfx¿, g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}+s

lnld6]8sf !) zfvfx¿, Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}+s lnld6]8sf ( j6f zfvfx¿, PgPdaL a}+s lnld6]8sf] & zfvfx¿, a}s ckm sf7df8f} lnld6]8sf # j6f

zfvfx¿, k|e' a}+s lnld6]8 / g]kfn a+unfb]z a}+s lnld6]8sf] @÷@ zfvfx¿ / k|fOd sd{l;on a}+s lnld6]8, ;]Gr'/L sd{l;on a}+s lnld6]8, ;flgdf

a}+s lnld6]8 / l;len a}+s lnld6]8sf] !÷! zfvf / lhNnfl:yt *! j6} sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{nox¿ / e'QmfgL s]Gb|x¿af6 k|fKt ljj/0fsf]

cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] .

jS; #M cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ah]6sf] k|ult

-?= s/f]8df_

zLif{s ah]6

cg'dfg

;ft dlxgfsf]

k|ult* ah]6 cg'dfgsf]

-k|ltztdf_

s'n vr{ 127899.5 42888.4 33.53 rfn" vr{ 80353.1 34975.4 43.53 k'FhLut vr{ 33517.6 6008.4 17.93 ljQLo Joj:yf vr{ 14028.7 4761.7 13.58

/fh:j 73005.6 38134.3 52.23 * gub k|jfxdf cfwfl/t

8

;/sf/sf] gub df}Hbft

@)&$ df3 d;fGt;Dddf ;/sf/L 9's'6Ldf -:yfgLo txsf] vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd ?= *$ ca{ #%

s/f]8 ;d]t_ ?= #)! ca{ ^$ s/f]8 gub df}Hbft sfod /x]sf] 5 .

df}lb|s l:ylt

d'b|fk|bfo

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgfdf

lj:t[t d'b|fk|bfo &=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pQm d'b|fk|bfo

(=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . jflif{s laGb'ut

cfwf/df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf lj:t[t

d'b|fk|bfo !#=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf v'b j}b]lzs ;DklQ -ljb]zL

ljlgdo d"NofÍg gfkmf÷gf]S;fg ;dfof]lht_

?= !* ca{ @* s/f]8 -!=* k|ltzt_ n]] 36]sf]

5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pQm ;DklQ

?= #^ ca{ (% s/f]8 -#=( k|ltzt_ n] a9]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf ;l~rt d'b|f %=@ k|ltztn] 36]sf]] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] d'b|f $=#

k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf ;l~rt d'b|f (=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf]

5 .

s'n cfGtl/s shf{

;dLIff cjlwdf s'n cfGtl/s shf{ (=@

k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf pQm shf{ (=# k|ltztn] a9]sf]

lyof] . jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df @)&$ df3

d;fGtdf o:tf] shf{ @)=% k|ltztn] a9]sf]

5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf df}lb|s If]qsf] lghL

If]qdflysf] bfjL !$=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] bfjL !%=$

k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df df}lb|s If]qsf] lghL If]qdflysf] bfjL @)&$ df3

d;fGtdf !^=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

9

lgIf]k ;+sng

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df /x]sf] lgIf]k ^=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf o:tf] lgIf]k *=( k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf a}+s tyf

ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lgIf]k !!=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

@)&$ df3df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] s'n lgIf]kdf rlNt, art / d'2tLsf] c+z qmdzM *=@ k|ltzt,

#^=^ k|ltzt / $#=( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{{sf] ;f]xL dlxgfdf o:tf] c+z qmdzM *=! k|ltzt,

#*=& k|ltzt / #%=! k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

@)&$ k';df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] s'n lgIf]kdf ;+:yfut lgIf]ksf] c+z $$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL dlxgfdf o:tf] lgIf]ksf] c+z $*=% k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

shf{ k|jfx

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 lghL If]qdf k|jflxt shf{ !#=% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] shf{ !%=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . lghL If]qtk{m k|jflxt shf{dWo]

;dLIff cjlwdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] shf{ k|jfx !#=@ k|ltzt, ljsf; a}+sx¿sf] !*=* k|ltzt / ljQ

sDkgLx¿sf] $=* k|ltztn] a9]]sf] 5 . jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf a}+s tyf ljQLo

;+:yfx¿af6 lghL If]qtk{m k|jflxt shf{ !^=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] nufgLdf /lx/x]sf] shf{dWo] ^!=% k|ltzt shf{ 3/ hUufsf]

lwtf]df / !$=^ k|ltzt shf{ rfn" ;DklQ -s[lif tyf u}/–s[lifhGo j:t'_ sf] lwtf]df k|jfx ePsf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] lwtf]df k|jflxt shf{sf] cg'kft qmdzM ^)=@ k|ltzt / !$=$ k|ltzt

/x]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 k|jflxt 6«i6 l/l;6 -cfoft_ shf{ ^!=* k|ltzt -?=#( ca{

*^ s/f]8_ n] j[l4 eO{ ?= !)$ ca{ #( s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] shf{ !$=#

k|ltztn] a9]]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 k|jflxt xfo/ kr]{h shf{ *=$ k|ltztn] tyf cf]e/8«fˆ6

shf{ !)=( k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, ;dLIff cjlwdf l/on :6]6 shf{ -JolStut cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{

;d]t_ !)=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .

t/ntf Joj:yfkg

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgf;Dddf v'nfahf/ sf/f]af/sf ljleGg pks/0fx¿dfk{mt\ k6s–k6s

u/L ?= !#) ca{ @% s/f]8 t/ntf k|zf]rg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cg';f/ lgIf]k ;+sng af]nsaf]ndfkm{t\

?= $@ ca{ #% s/f]8, Aofhb/ sl/8f]/ cGtu{tsf] rf}w lbg] lgIf]k ;+sng af]nsaf]ndfk{mt\ ?= # ca{ !%

s/f]8, / l/e;{ l/kf]dfk{mt\ ?= *$ ca{ &% s/f]8sf] t/ntf k|zf]rg ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL

cjlwdf ?= !)! ca{ !) s/f]8 t/ntf k|zf]rg ePsf] lyof] .

10

;dLIff cjlwdf o; a}+sn] Aofhb/ sl/8f]/ cGtu{tsf] !$ lbg] l/kf] af]nsaf]ndfkm{t\ ?= %$ ca{ % s/f]8

/ ;f]em} vl/b af]nsaf]ndfkm{t\ ?= #^ ca{ #% s/f]8 u/L s'n ?= () ca{ $) s/f]8 t/ntf k|jfx u/]sf]

5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ?= $@ ca{ #* s/f]8 t/ntf k|jfx ePsf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ?= @$ ca{ * s/f]8 a/fa/sf] :yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf pkof]u

u/]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ?= %$ ca{ *# s/f]8 a/fa/sf] To:tf]

;'ljwf pkof]u u/]sf lyP .

;dLIff cjlwdf o; a}+sn] ljb]zL ljlgdo ahf/ -jfl0fHo a}+sx¿_ af6 cd]l/sL 8n/ @ ca{ #! s/f]8 v'b

vl/b u/L ?= @#* ca{ #* s/f]8 v'b t/ntf k|jfx u/]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ljb]zL

ljlgdo ahf/af6 cd]l/sL 8n/ @ ca{ ## s/f]8 v'b vl/b u/L ?= @%! ca{ !@ s/f]8 v'b t/ntf k|jfx

u/]sf] lyof] .

;dLIff cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ @ ca{ &@ s/f]8 / o'/f] $ s/f]8 laqmL u/L ?= @*$ ca{ &( s/f]8

a/fa/sf] ef=?= vl/b ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ @ ca{ #^ s/f]8 / o'/f] (

s/f]8 %) nfv laqmL u/L ?= @^% ca{ %# s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ef=?= vl/b ePsf] lyof] .

k'g/shf{

pTkfbgzLn If]qtk{m nufgL tyf lgof{t lj:tf/df ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] o; a}+saf6 ;x'lnot

b/df k|bfg ul/g] k'g/shf{sf] pkof]u ;dLIff cjlwdf a9]sf] 5 . @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf ?= !! ca{ *$

s/f]8 o; a}+sn] k|bfg u/]sf] k'g/shf{ nufgLdf /x]sf] 5 .

e"sDk kLl8tx¿nfO{ a9Ldf @ k|ltzt;Ddsf] Aofhb/df cfjf;Lo 3/ lgdf{0f shf{ k|bfg ug{ o; a}+saf6

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ z"Go Aofhb/df k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:Yff cGtu{t @)&$

df3 d;fGt;Dddf ?= ! ca{ @& s/f]8 (! nfv k'g/shf{ pkof]udf /x]sf] 5 .

@)&$ df3 d;fGt;Dddf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 % k|ltzt Aofh cg'bfgdf k|jfx ul/g] s[lif tyf kz'k +IfL

Joj;fo shf{ ^@)# hgfn] pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . o; cGtu{t ?= ^ ca{ (! s/f]8 shf{ aSof}tf /x]sf] 5

eg] ?= ## s/f]8 &# nfv Aofh cg'bfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/–a}+s sf/f]af/

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] ;ft dlxgf;Dddf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] ?= ^($ ca{ !^ s/f]8 / cGo ljQLo

;+:yfx¿ -jfl0fHo a}+sx¿aLr afx]s_ n] ?= !$ ca{ #* s/f]8sf] cGt/–a}+s sf/f]af/ u/]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf]

jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ / cGo ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] qmdzM ?= ^(( ca{ @ s/f]8 / ?= @#( ca{

** s/f]8sf] o:tf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf lyP .

Aofhb/

@)&# df3df (!–lbg] 6«]h/L ljnsf] efl/t cf};t Aofhb/ @=^$ k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)&$ df3df #=(#

k|ltzt sfod ePsf] 5 . jfl0fHo a}+sx¿aLrsf] cGt/–a}+s sf/f]af/sf] efl/t cf};t Aofhb/ eg] @)&#

11

aS; $ M @)&$ df3 d;fGt;Dd jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] pkl:ylt

ePsf :yfgLo tx

k|b]z :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] pkl:ylt ePsf

:yfgLo tx

k|b]z ! 137 71 k|b]z @ 136 63 k|b]z # 119 71 k|b]z $ 85 45 k|b]z % 109 66 k|b]z ^ 79 25 k|b]z & 88 33 s'n 753 374

df3sf] $=!# k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf @)&$ df3df $=#! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf]

cf};t cfwf/ Aofhb/ @)&# df3sf] &=*) k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf @)&$ df3df !)=!( k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 .

dh{/÷ k|flKt

o; a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ufEg]÷ufleg] tyf k|flKt ;DaGwL k|lqmof z'? u/fPkZrft\ @)&$ df3

d;fGt;Dd s'n !%* j6f a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ dh{/÷k|flKt k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ePsf 5g\ . o;dWo]

!!* j6f ;+:yfx¿sf] Ohfht vf/]h x'g uO{ s'n $) ;+:yf sfod ePsf 5g\ .

ljQLo kx'Fr

;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf

u7g ePsf &%# :yfgLo

txx¿dWo] @)&$ df3

d;fGt;Dd #&$ :yfgLo

txx¿df jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf]

pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . k|b]zut

?kdf jfl0fHo a}+ssf] pkl:ylt

aS; $ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k' FhL ahf/

g]K;] ;"rsfÍdf jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df ^=%

k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf

!#*)=# laGb'df k'u]sf] 5 . @)&# df3

d;fGtdf pQm ;"rsfÍ @=^ k|ltztn] j[l4

eO{ !@(^=@ laGb' k''u]sf] lyof] . @)&$ c;f/

d;fGtdf eg] g]K;] ;"rsfÍ !,%*@=& laGb''

sfod ePsf] lyof] .

lwtf]kq ahf/ k'FhLs/0f jflif{s laGb''ut cfwf/df !)=& k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf

?= !,^!$ ca{ !& s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 . ahf/ k'FhLs/0f cg'kft @)&# df3 d;fGtdf &=@ k|ltztn]

j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ sf] cg'dflgt s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fu ;dLIff cjlwsf] ahf/

k'FhLs/0fsf] cg'kft ^@=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ o:tf] cg'kft ^$=( k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . ahf/

k'FhLs/0fdf a}+s, ljQLo ;+:yf / aLdf sDkgLx¿sf] c+z *!=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] hnljB't\ If]qsf] $=&

k|ltzt, pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg If]qsf] @=& k|ltzt, xf]6nx¿sf] !=& k|ltzt, Jofkfl/s ;+:yfx¿sf] )=!

k|ltzt / cGosf] (=& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

12

@)&$ df3df s'n z]o/ sf/f]af/ /sd @^=$ k|ltztn] sdL cfO{ ?= % ca{ (@ s/f]8 x'g k'u]sf]

5 . o:tf] sf/f]af/ /sd @)&# df3df !$=# k|ltztn] sdL cfO{{ ?= * ca{ $ s/f]8 k'u]sf] lyof] .

g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh lnld6]8df ;"rLs[t sDkgLx¿sf] ;+Vof @)&$ df3 d;fGtdf !(@ /x]sf] 5 . @)&#

df3 d;fGtdf o:tf] ;+Vof @!^ /x]sf] lyof] . s]xL a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ Ps cfk;df dh{ ePsf

sf/0f ;"rLs[t sDkgLx¿sf] ;+Vof 36\g uPsf] xf] . ;"rLs[t sDkgLx¿dWo] !$% j6f a}+s tyf ljQLo

;+:yf -aLdf sDkgL ;d]t_ /x]sf 5g\ eg] !* j6f pTkfbg / k|zf]wg pBf]u, !& j6f hnljB't\ sDkgL,

$÷$ j6f xf]6n tyf Jofkfl/s ;+:yf / $ j6f cGo ;d"xsf /x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh lnld6]8df ;"rLs[t z]o/x¿sf] r'Qmf d"No jflif{s laGb'ut cfwf/df #%=% k|ltztn]

j[l4 eO{ @)&$ k'; d;fGtdf ?= ### ca{ & s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf ?= !^ ca{ ^@ s/f]8

a/fa/sf] ;fwf/0f z]o/, ?= @^ ca{ #@ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] xsk|b z]o/, ?= !) ca{ $# s/f]8 a/fa/sf] af]g;

z]o/ / ?= #% ca{ !$ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;/sf/L C0fkq u/L s'n ?= *( ca{ !@ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] yk

lwtf]kq ;"rLs[t ePsf 5 .