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GIT 335 Lecture 7 1
Arizona State University
Department of Technology Management
GIT 335Computer Systems Technology
Lecture 7
Personal Technology
Dr. Thomas Schildgen, Professor
GIT 335 Lecture 7 2
Lecture 7
Introduction to Information Technology
Content taken from the McGraw Hill Textbook Chapter 7
GIT 335 Lecture 7 4
Convergence
Digital Convergence Describes the combining of several industries –
computers, communications, consumer electronics, entertainment, and mass media – through various devices that exchange data in digital form
Pros: Multiple use machines such as Xbox that can play games,
display DVD movies, and play music CDs Cellphones with enhancing features such as address
books and digital cameras that also shoot videos Cons:
Multiple features that compromise the primary feature, such as an internet refrigerator
GIT 335 Lecture 7 5
Portability
Portability Pros
Devices that enable phone and email access from anywhere, portable digital music, and convenient cheap digital photos allow people to remain connected even while on the move
Cons Your boss may expect you to answer e-mail and
voicemail evenings and weekends People whom you never meet in person may
misrepresent themselves, and/or misunderstand you, since they don’t see your body language
GIT 335 Lecture 7 6
Personalization
Personalization Tree-and-branch telecommunications model
A centralized information provider sends out messages through many channels to thousands of consumers
Used by AM/FM radio and by TV broadcasters Hard to personalize
Switched-network communications model A common carrier provides circuit switching that creates
a temporary two-way connection between one public user and another
In a telephone network, the connection is made by dialing Personalized by default
GIT 335 Lecture 7 7
Convergence, Portability, & Personalization
Choice Overload Described by Barry Schwartz, author of The Paradox of
Choice: Why More is Less People are unhappy when they have too many choices
Regret: People are more likely to regret their decisions Inaction: People can’t decide now because they might
later regret their decisions Excessive Expectations: Reality has a hard time
meeting the expectations when there are so many choices
Self-blame: People blame themselves for making the wrong decision
GIT 335 Lecture 7 8
Convergence, Portability, & Personalization
Popular personal technologies MP3 audio players Satellite, high-definition, and internet radios Digital cameras Personal digital assistants and tablet PCs The new television Smartphones Videogame systems
GIT 335 Lecture 7 9
MP3 Players
MP3 is a format that allows audio files to be compressed so they are small enough to be sent over the internet or stored as digital files
MP3 players are portable devices that play MP3 files
Vendors include Apple iPod (market leader) Archos, Creative, Dell, Sony Storage methods Hard drive storage (holds more, costs more) Flash storage (holds less, costs less)
GIT 335 Lecture 7 10
MP3 Players
Technology Considerations Storage capacity Sampling rate Transferring files Battery life Color screens and photo viewing Other features such as
FM radio reception Music recording using extra microphone Car stereo adapter to connect player to your car’s
speakers
GIT 335 Lecture 7 11
MP3 Players
Societal Effects One in five American adults owns an MP3 player Offer convenience and portability to music listeners Warning! Over 85 decibels can cause hearing loss! 85 decibels is as loud as a vacuum cleaner or a crowded
restaurant – not that loud! For more information, see http://www.lhh.org/noise/ lhh stands for the “League for the Hard of Hearing” So turn them DOWN!
GIT 335 Lecture 7 12
High-Tech Radio
Satellite radio Digital radio signals are sent from satellites in orbit
around the earth to subscribers that have special radios CD-quality sound is better than normal radio More channels than regular radio SDARS providers are
Sirius satellite radio (merged with XM satellite radio in 2008)
Commercial-free
GIT 335 Lecture 7 13
High-Tech Radio
High-Definition Radio Provides CD-quality sound Standard allows two digital and one analog
station on the same radio frequency Analog main channel plus two digital sidebands Broadcasting’s answer to competition from
satellite radio Requires an HD-compatible radio L.A. and Chicago now have several high-
definition stations each
GIT 335 Lecture 7 14
High-Tech Radio
Internet Radio Internet users can listen to radio from their PCs There are some services such as Yahoo’s
Musicmath that require users to subscribe Other internet radio may be free, such as WMNR,
a Fine Arts radio station that also broadcasts from Monroe CT at 88.1 FM www.wmnr.org
To see a list of free internet radio stations, visit www.live365.com
GIT 335 Lecture 7 15
High-Tech Radio
Podcasting Involves the recording of internet radio or
similar internet programs Requires no studio or broadcast tower and is not
regulated by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
Allows amateur deejays and hobbyists to create their own radio shows
GIT 335 Lecture 7 16
Digital Cameras
Cameras that take photographs but do not require film Very competitive field with many new product releases Types to consider
Point-and-shoot digital camera Automatically adjusts settings such as exposure and
focus Easy to use, but manual controls can allow you to
tweak the settings to get better photos (under $500)
Single-lens reflex (SLR) digital camera Uses a reflecting mirror to reflect the
incoming light so the viewfinder shows what the lens is framing ($450 on up)
GIT 335 Lecture 7 17
Digital Cameras
Resolution Measured in megapixels, or millions of picture elements Measure the maximum resolution of an image taken by the camera Important if you plan to enlarge your photos – more is better
Lenses Digital zoom
Means the image is cropped in the camera Can produce a grainy photo
Optical zoom Enlarges the subject without you needing to move closer Lens extends to focus on distant objects
Storage Uses flash memory cards 128 megabyte card holds 80 images from a 3 megapixel camera, while 1
gigabyte holds about 600 still images
GIT 335 Lecture 7 18
Digital Cameras
Selecting which photos to take and keep Optical viewfinders let you see the image to be
photographed before you snap the picture LCD screens let you review the photos you take
Start-up time Digital cameras require time to start up Look for one that has a short start-up time Also, the shutter can lag and delay the time between when
you press the button and the shutter clicks Look for a camera that allows “burst” or “continuous “
mode
GIT 335 Lecture 7 19
Digital Cameras
Battery life The camera requires a battery to function Some rechargeable batteries are available with
many models Some recharge in the camera, while others
require a separate charging stand
Video clips Most digital cameras can shoot movies, too 1-gigabyte memory cards can shoot as many as
44 minutes of video at 30 frames per second
GIT 335 Lecture 7 20
Digital Cameras
Principle methods for transferring images Use a direct connection between your camera and your
PC. Requires you to install software on the PC Insert the memory card into your PC’s USB port Put your camera into a cradle attached to the PC Use a photo printer with a built-in card slot Use a portable CD burner Use an MP3 player Use a photo-printing kiosk Use a photo lab Bring along your own card reader and use others’
computers
GIT 335 Lecture 7 21
PDAs
Have touch-sensitive screens so you can enter data with a stylus by tapping or writing on screen
Store data in RAM that stays on even when the unit is off by using the PDA’s battery
Can be augmented by flash memory Commonly use lithium ion batteries Transfer files to your PC in one of three ways
Pull out the PDAs flash card and insert it into the PC’s card reader using a USB port
Put your PDA into a special cradle plugged into a USB port
Transfer data wirelessly
GIT 335 Lecture 7 22
PDAs
Many cellphones are usurping features from PDAs
To compete, PDAs must develop new features
Examples of possible PDA evolution Display television and photos Handheld weather meters GPS locators
GIT 335 Lecture 7 23
Tablet PCs
A special notebook computer with a digitizer tablet and a stylus so the user can handwrite input from the screen
Recently only about 3% of laptops being sold Used in niche markets such as schools
GIT 335 Lecture 7 24
The New Television
New equipment available for TV Interactive TV Internet TV Smart TV Mobile TV
GIT 335 Lecture 7 25
The New Television
Three kinds of TV Digital television
FCC has mandated that all TV stations be capable of digital broadcasting by 2009
Currently most digital systems convert analog broadcast signals into digital with some loss of detail
High-Definition television (HDTV) Works with digital broadcasting signals Has broader screen and 10 times the pixels as standard TV Has 16 to 9 aspect ratio (width to height) and 1,080 lines on a
screen; crisper details than SDTV Standard-Definition television (SDTV)
Has aspect ratio of 4 to 3 and 480 vertical lines on a screen Requires less bandwidth to transmit than HDTV
GIT 335 Lecture 7 26
The New Television
Societal Effects Video on Demand
Technologies allow viewers to select videos or programs from a central server to watch when they wish
TiVo PC-like system that allows users to record and play back
TV programs later Users can program recording based on TV program title or
subject matter without knowing specific stations or times TiVos are plugged in to phone lines when they are
installed so they can automatically update their software TiVos also gather information on subscribers’ viewing
habits that are used to rate popularity of TV shows
GIT 335 Lecture 7 27
Smartphones
Basic elements of a mobile phone Storage
Data is stored in ROM Data does not disappear when phone is turned off
Input Have a keypad for storing numbers Microphone for picking up your voice May have a touch-sensitive screen that uses a stylus
Output Speaker to hear voice calls Display ranging from LCD to full-color high-resolution
plasma May also use Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
GIT 335 Lecture 7 28
Smartphones
Cellular telephones with microprocessor, memory, display screen, and built-in modem
Offer the following services Text messaging Downloaded ringtones Email Internet access Photography Games Radio & Music TV & Video
GIT 335 Lecture 7 29
Smartphones
Services continued Text messaging
Can send text to other phones and to email accounts Creating messages is slower than traditional Morse
Code used by Ham Radio operators as demonstrated on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno on May 13, 2005
http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2005/05/16/3/ Downloaded ringtones
Ringtone: the audible sound a phone makes to announce an incoming call
May be free or cost $1.25 to $4.00 per tune
GIT 335 Lecture 7 30
Videogame Systems
These may be the “ultimate convergence machine”
People buy them to play games, but they do a lot more Xbox 360 Sony PlayStation 3 Nintendo’s Wii
GIT 335 Lecture 7 31
Videogame Systems
Different childhoods for generations in the US G.I. Generation (World War II)
No computers, no TVs. Saw newsreels in the movies Baby Boomers (post-World War II)
No computers, black and white TVs, TV news Generation X (post-hippies, born post-1965)
Some computers, color TVs Generation Y (born in late 1970s to 1990s)
Home computers, color TVs Always On Generation
Computers everywhere, video games everywhere, always connected, internet news