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Why does GIS Matter? • Events have a location. Almost everything that happens, happens somewhere. Keeping track of activities is important and knowing WHEN and WHERE they occur can be the most convenient basis for tracking.
• Location is an issue of many problems society must solve
• These Problems are referred to as Geographic problems e.g. determining the best location for a new rainfall station, tracking localised storms and warning communities in their path.
ANALYSIS
• Proximity
• Overlay
• Network
How many stations are within a 10km radius of Old Harbour?
Examines how linear features are connected and how easily resources can flow through them
What is the relationship between rainguage sites, hydrological basins and the stream network?
THE GEODATABASE CONCEPT
• The core geographic information model used to organize GIS data
into thematic layers and spatial representations. (i.e. a container
of GIS data with tools for accessing them)
• Contains application logic and tools for accessing and managing
GIS data.
• Accessible in client applications (e.g. ArcGIS Desktop), server
configurations (e.g. ArcGIS Server), and logic embedded custom
applications (e.g. ArcGIS Engine).
CONCEPT (cont’d)
• A GIS and DBMS standards based physical data store and is
implemented on a number of multi-user and personal DBMSs
(e.g. Oracle, SQL Server) and in XML (web language).
• Can therefore be seen as the information system for geography.
• A GIS is therefore a structured database that describes the
world in geographic terms.
RELATIONSHIP CLASS
Associates objects from a feature class or table to objects in another feature class or table. Relationship classes can optionally have user- defined fields.
FEATURE CLASS
A table with a shape field containing point, line or polygon gometries for geographic features. Each row is a feature
RULES AND BEHAVIOUR- TOPOLOGY
Integrity rules that define the behaviour of geographically integrated features
GEOMETRIC NETWORKS
Rules for managing connectivity amoung features in a set of feature classes
TABLES
RASTER DATASET
Contains rasters that represent continuous geographic phenomena
METADATA DOCUMENT
An XML document that can be associated with every dataset. Commonly used in Arc IMS and other Server applications
A collection of rows, each containing the same fields. Feature classes and tables with shape fields
FEATURE DATASETContains spatially related feature classes with the topology and network objects that bind them. Feature classes in a feature dataset have spatial reference
ENTERPRISE GEODATABASE
OracleSQL Server
IBM DB2Informix
ArcSDE
GEOPROCESSING TOOLS
A collection of data flow and work flowprocesses for performing data management, analysis and modelling
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A GEODATABASE
.
DATA ACCQUISITION
· Station Siting & QueryLocational Factors
· Mobile GIS?? In the field updating of attribute data
· Anomlaies
DATA PROCESSING
Graphical Output· Charts, Graphs,
Prediction Surfaces
Management of Resources
Better Quality Output
Research & Analysis
· Why? What? Where?
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DBASE Management and Manipulation
ArcServer/SQL§ DBASE Query
· Integrated GIS Platform
RADARMapping of Weather Systems
· OverlaysResearch
Calibration and Ground Truthing
APPLIED METEOROLOGY
Research and Analysis· Trends from
observed data
· Best Case Scenarios
Correct Observations
GIS
NMC, UAS, SMC
· Removing redundant stations
· Ensure Efficient Network
· Consultancy Services
· $$$??
· Better Quality Forecasting
Findings From Research
· A more Analytical look at Severe Weather Events
Mapping of Upper Air Soundings· Make use of data in
Research