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GIS DataUsing available grid topology data from GIS to efficiently gain new insights into the grid and achieve more accurately targeted actions
LONDON, SEPTEMBER 2018
| BKW |
Providing Network Services toOver a Million People
GIS Data
Residents supplied > 1 000 000
Private customers 391 780
Business customers 3 252
Distribution partners 153
25/09/2018 2
| BKW |
Maps
25/09/2018GIS Data 3
| BKW |
Digitalisation of Maps: Network Information System (NIS)
25/09/2018GIS Data 4
| BKW |
A Matter of Perspective
25/09/2018GIS Data 5
Map Perspective
Focus on what a user can see
If the data is right from a data perspective, it is also right from a map perspective!
1st digitalisation
2nd digitalisationData Perspective
Focus on the underlying data
| BKW |
Change of Perspective: NetIntel
25/09/2018GIS Data 6
Many small and simple applications tailored to
specific user needs
Flexible computing environment
Inter-divisional team involving experts from
various domains
| BKW |
Connection Application: Original Process
25/09/2018GIS Data 7
45 min1'800 times per year 160 work days per year
connection application
decision
network computation
| BKW |
Maximal Starting Current: Visualisation
25/09/2018GIS Data 8
• Compute maximal starting current
for all 160'000 house connections
every night
• Visualisation in map viewer
(nisXplorer)
• Immediate availability
| BKW |
Maximal Starting Current: Process
25/09/2018GIS Data 9
CIM
| BKW |
Flexible Infrastructure
25/09/2018GIS Data 10
Cloud platform offers us flexible infrastructure that we can control ourselves:
Storage Virtual Machines Data Bases Clusters
Automation(Start/Stop of VMs)
Function Apps(Web Services)
| BKW |
Maximal Starting Current: Process
25/09/2018GIS Data 11
CIM
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Modelling the Topology With CIM
House connectionHAS75006CIM: EnergyConsumer
Distribution substationSTA4902with feederABG23206CIM: Connector
JointMUF96292CIM: JunctionCable
KLE488495CIM: ACLineSegment
CableKLE496567CIM: ACLineSegment
25/09/2018GIS Data 12
| BKW |
Modelling the Topology With CIM
25/09/2018GIS Data 13
CN T <Name>ConnectivityNode Terminal ConductingEquipment
• Each electric element (ConductingEquipment) has one or more terminals
• Terminals are connected by a ConnectivityNode
• Terminals know their electric elements and ConnectivityNodes
• ConnectivityNodes and Terminals have no physical counterparts and are pure modelling elements
T1
CN
CNCN T2
T2
T
T1
<Name>
<Name>
<Name>
| BKW |
<cim:ACLineSegment rdf:ID="KLE488494">...
</cim:ACLineSegment>
<cim:Terminal rdf:ID="KLE488494_terminal_1">...<cim:Terminal.ConnectivityNode rdf:resource="#ABG23213_node"/><cim:Terminal.ConductingEquipment rdf:resource="#KLE488494"/>
</cim:Terminal>
<cim:Terminal rdf:ID="KLE488494_terminal_2">...<cim:Terminal.ConnectivityNode rdf:resource="#MUF96292_node"/><cim:Terminal.ConductingEquipment rdf:resource="#KLE488494"/>
</cim:Terminal>
<cim:ConnectivityNode rdf:ID="ABG23213_node">...
</cim:ConnectivityNode>
XML/RDF serialisation
25/09/2018GIS Data 14
T1
CN
CNCN T2
T2
T
T1
<Name>
<Name>
<Name>
| BKW |
CIMReader
25/09/2018GIS Data 15
T1
CN
CNCN T2
T2
T
T1
<Name>
<Name>
<Name>
id_seq_1 id_seq_2 id_equ clazz
ABG23213_node MUF96292_node KLE488494 ACLineSegment
CIMReader
Open Source Tool to process CIM files with Spark
(https://github.com/derrickoswald/CIMReader)
| BKW |
Modelling the Topology With CIM
Junction
ACLineSegment
Fuse
EnergyConsumer
ACLineSegment
Connector
25/09/2018GIS Data 16
T
CNT1
CN
T2T2
T
T1CN
T1
T2
CNT
| BKW |
NetIntel R-Stack: R-Packages for Data Scientists
25/09/2018GIS Data 17
• Standardisation is necessary to ensure maintainability!
• We maintain a number of R-packages with useful functionality for developers of
data applications:
• GridData: Import CIM-export into R, tracing, extraction of subgrids, ...
• GridScc: Short-circuit computation based on GridData, Maximal starting current
• azureblobs: Easy access to Azure Blob Storage from R
• BKWcolour: Official BKW colour scheme
• Data Scientists can build their applications based on these packages
| BKW |
Maximal Starting Current: Code
25/09/2018GIS Data 18
topo <- GridData::create_redges(redges_file, "CimReader.jar",
rdf_files, tmpdir = cfg$CacheDir,
spark_home = cfg$SPARK_HOME, cpus = 4)
lv_subgrids <- GridData::prepare_lv_grids(topo, verbatim = TRUE)
scc <- GridScc::compute_scc_df(lv_subgrids, verbatim = TRUE)
maxi_files <- GridScc::write_maxi_results(scc, cfg$CacheDir)
Preparation of
low-voltage
transformer
service areas
Computation of
short-circuit
current and
maximal starting
current
| BKW |
Creating a Grid Topology Graph
25/09/2018GIS Data 19
id_seq_1 id_seq_2 id_equ clazz
MUF1809_node MUF1807_node KLE12342 ACLineSegment
MUF1807_node ABG223044_node KLE12338 ACLineSegment
MUF1807_node HAS3572_node KLE12339 ACLineSegment
MUF1809_node HAS3569_node KLE12345 ACLineSegment
igraph::graph_from_data_frame()
| BKW |
Computing the Impedance
25/09/2018GIS Data 20
• The total impedance between a
house connection and a transformer
is computed as the "length" of the
shortest path weighted by the
impedance of each power line:
igraph::distances(graph, v = trafo, to = has,
weights = R0)
| BKW |
Short Circuit Current and Maximal Starting Current
25/09/2018GIS Data 21
• Once the impedance is known, short
circuit current and maximal starting
current can be computed:
𝐼𝑘 =400
3 𝑅12 + 𝑋1
2
𝜑 = arg(𝑅1 + 𝑖𝑋1)
𝐼𝑠 =Δ𝑈
𝑈
𝐼𝑘cos(𝜑 − acos 0.5 )
| BKW |
The Real Challenge: Data Quality
25/09/2018GIS Data 22
• Many secondary substations are connected to no or several primary substations
correct topology known from the control system
• Many houses are connected to no or several transformers (secondary substations)
correct topology must be checked in the field
• wrong nominal power of transformer
correct information known from schemas
• wrong information on power lines
correct information must be checked in the field
Can we really use "available topology data" if the data that we have is not good enough?
| BKW |
Why is Data Quality Challenging?
25/09/2018GIS Data 23
MapPerspective ( )Data Perspective
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It's Even Worse: Up-to-dateness
25/09/2018GIS Data 24
MapPerspective
Data Perspective ( )
| BKW |
Summary
25/09/2018GIS Data 25
• Digitalisation of Maps takes place in two steps:
• Map Perspective: use digital means to replicate the "usual
functionality" of maps
• Data Perspective: create additional value from NIS data
• Challenge: Data Perspective changes the definition of correctness
• This is achieved by means of
• small applications that serve specific user needs
• a team of experts from various domains
• flexible infrastructure that is under the team's control
Questions?
