GIS AND IT’S APPLICATIONS

8/12/2019 GIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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SEMINAR ON

GIS AND ITS

APPLICATIONS

bySumanth kashyap t v


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What is GIS?

A GIS is a computer system capableof capturing, storing, analyzing, anddisplaying geographically referencedinformation that is, data identifiedaccording to location.


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GEOGRAPHICALDATA

ATTRIBUTE DATASPATIAL DATA

FUNDAMETALS OF GIS


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A map represents geographic features orother spatial phenomena by graphically

conveying information about locations andattributes.

Thus the basic objective of mapping is to

provide1.Descriptions of geographic phenomenon

2.Spatial and non spatial information

3.Map features like Point, Line, & Polygon.

Mapping Concept,Feature

and Properties


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Locational information is usually representedby points for features such as wells andtelephone pole locations, lines for features

such as streams, pipelines and contour linesand areas for features such as lakes, countiesand census tracts.

1.Line Feature

2.Point Feature3.Area Feature

Map Features


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NETWORK

DIGITIZER CD-ROM

SCANNER PRINTER

COMPUTER

How Does GIS Work?


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A GIS makes it possible to link, or integrate,information that is difficult to associate through

any other means. Thus, a GIS can use

combinations of mapped variables to build and

analyze new variables.

Projection is a fundamental component of

mapmaking. A projection is a mathematicalmeans of transferring information from the

Earth's three-dimensional, curved surface to a

two-dimensional mediumpaper or a computer

screen.

2.Data Integration

3.Projection and Registration


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DATA OUTPUT

DISPLAY AND REPORTING

PRINTER SCANNER PLOTTER MAGNETIC

MEDIUM

MAPS TABLES GRAPHS VIDEOS

4.Data Output


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APPLICATIONS OFGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SYSTEM

Over the years, new application have

been found by integrating GIS with othertechnologies. Among the examples areprecision farming,interactive mapping onthe internet, and local basedservices.Interactive mapping letsinternet users to select map layers fordisplay and make their own. Thefollowing are the some of the mainapplication of Geographic Information

System.


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GIS In Military Operations

1. Selection of Sites

for Launching

Bridges

2.Terrain Evaluation

3.Naval Operation

4.Weather information

Topographical map of study area


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5. Identification of Tactically

Important Roads

In order to provide fast and safe

movement of troops and equipment,

identification of tactically important

roads is essential. Roads and tracksthat lead up to the likely bridge are

tactically important and need to be

identified and suitably constructed

so that these may be used as the axis

of maintenance. Ideally these roads

should not pass through any

obstacles like the minefields

Thematic layer of road network


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Methodology


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ADVANCE MINERAL RESOURCESINFORMATION SYSTEM USING

REMOTE SENSING

1. MRIS is designed such a way that allbasic information related to a mineral

deposits is accessible on click of a mouse .2.It is independent of any expensive GISpackages.

3.The non-spatial and spatial data can beedited and saved with latest information andthereby provides opportunity for continuousdata updating.


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Point Data with pass ward option & Grids with zoom

tool in MRIS v 2.0


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1.It provides information on

geology, mining, production,

chemical analysis of ore and

rock sample, andenvironmental data (air,

water, land, Noise).

2.User friendly, informationavailable on point click or

through pull down menu

Information Content


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The use of GIS for theEmergency Medical Care System,

EMCS

USE OF GIS IN CASE OF

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESThe latest adaptation of the GPS mobilephone is the mobile heart phone. This

technology incorporates a central emergencycall function with an integrated ECG recordingand a positioning and search function.


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Application of Remote Sensing and GIS forthe study of Surfacial and Subsurfacial

changes

On 26th January 2001 a massive earthquake rocked

the entire state of Gujarat. According to U.S.G.S. the

intensity of the earthquake was 7.9 on the RichterScale.

The earthquake has resulted in enormous surfacial

and subsurfacial changes in the form of faults,

cracks, liquefaction, temporary water surges, lateralspreading etc. The high resolution IRS WiFS images

have shown significant changes on the surface and

along the coasts.


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Manfara Fault


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Mapping and monitoring suburbancrimes using high resolution data

1 In order to handle the suburban crimes, sample data of

unknown area covering the suburban type houses have

been used to replicate the scenario. From the orthophoto,

roads, individual houses and other relevant features have

been captured in AutoCAD.

2. It helps the police to have a regular monitoring of houses

in the given area which remains as a base camp of

criminals for discussion, exchange of illegal goods, etc.This high-resolution mapping and analysis in GIS

environment can greatly help nab the criminals before

they carry out some disastrous work.


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Figure showing the independent houses with lock duration more

than 4 hours (vulnerable under suburbs of Chennai)


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A GIS application for weather analysis and

forecasting

1.Analysis of this data, for visualization and interpretation

of weather systems over wide geographic areas become

possible with less effort and error.

2.This helps to develop an application, for plotting,

analysis, visualization, and interpretation of weather data.

The GIS used fo r the app l icat ion developm ent is the

ArcView GIS of ESRIw ith extension s o f Spatial analyst,and

Image analyst.


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Geopo tential heigh t analysis


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CONCLUSIONThe conclusion that i would like to

draw is GIS and related technology will help analyze

large datasets, allowing a better understanding

of terrestrial processes and human activities toimprove economic vitality and environmentalquality

An active GIS market has resulted in lowercosts and continual improvements in GIShardware, software, and data. Thesedevelopments will lead to a much widerapplication of the technology throughoutgovernment, business, and industry.


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Documents

GIS AND IT’S APPLICATIONS