GIS and Geologic Mapping Day 2 Tools and methods to get started using GIS geologic mapping USGS Astrogeology GIS Labs Sep 22, 2010

GIS and Geologic MappingDay 2

Tools and methods to get started using GIS geologic mapping

USGS Astrogeology GIS Labs

Sep 22, 2010

Agenda – Day 2 Query and Spatial Analysis

– Crater/Feature Tools Freie Universität Berlin (Kneissl) /USGS (Nava) Crater density walk-though

Bringing in Data and Setting Projections– Rasters– Shapefiles (interpolation)– ASCII Files (feature lists, gridded rasters)– 3D Viewers

Lunch Creating Figures (Layouts) GIS Helper Tools

– Hawths, Geodesic, USGS Image Tools ArcMap 10 – what to expect 2

Querying Spatial data

GIS empowers the user to perform spatial searches across any or all data within a project

A “query” is “a request to select features or records from a database or feature”

Very easy “question-driven” dialog boxes allow user to string together multiple queries

Queries are most easily performed using a dialog box in ArcMap

3

GIS for Planetary Mappers

Suppose in the example below that the user wants to find all units that are labeled “plains material”. The user will need to query the data as follows.

4GIS for Planetary Mappers


Selecting by feature attributes Select the layer and

field that the query will be based on

“Get Unique Values” will give all values in that field

Build the query and click “OK”


Selecting by feature location

Features can be selected based on relationships with other features

Examine the “Select by Location” window for specifics


Multiple Query for Analysis

“Attribute” and “Location” selection tools and summary tools can be used in series for robust data mining

Crater Count example: “Suppose a user wants to know the total number and summary statistics of craters that have rim diameters between 5 and 16 that reside on Amazonian age geologic units”– Select by attribute from crater database those craters that have

diameters between 5 and 16.– Select by attribute from geologic map those units that are

Amazonian in age (crater selection will be preserved).– Select by location the selected craters that intersect the selected

geologic units.– Summarize crater diameter field.


Mars crater count example

Crater database

Global geologic map


Select layer to query

Set selection type

Select field

Set parameters

Select “OK” to run10


Right-click target layer and select “Open Attribute Table” to verify selection.

Note that selected features are highlighted blue

Attribute table showing selected features

Do same for geologic unit features…

Selected craters

Selected units

Select from selected features

Note that the pattern of selected features makes sense for the requested query. Good error check. Good for figure, etc.

Right-click target features (craters) and “Show Attribute Table”

Right-click on target field (diameter) and click “Statistics”

Statistics only computed for selected features.

Summary: There 26,652 impact between 5 and 16 km rim diameter. Of those,2291 occur on Amazonian geologic units. These average 8.3 km in diameterand have a standard deviation of 2.9 km.


Calculating Spatial Statistics

A powerful tool to calculate statistics of a zone dataset (e.g., geologic units) based on values from a raster dataset (e.g., elevation)

Spatial Analyst– Cell statistics– Neighborhood statistics– Zonal statistics – covered here

Operates out of Spatial Analyst– Right click empty space on tool bar and select “Spatial

Analyst”


Zonal Statistics

A function that summarizes values in a raster within the zones of another layer

The user specifies the “zone dataset” (e.g., geologic units) the value raster dataset (e.g., slope)

Output is a Table that summarizes zone statistics For example, the user could find the range and

mean value of slope for geologic units

“The Zonal Statistics function allows the user to produce a simplified graph of the statistics. Note the check box in the dialog box.”


1. Set the Zone dataset (the feature that contains the region upon which statistics need to be created)

2. Set the Value raster (the raster dataset that will be the base of the statistics)

3. Set the statistic that is required (can be minimum, maximum, range, sum, mean, std dev, variety, majority, minority, median)

1

2

3


Crater Helper Tools(or the Crater/Feature tools)

for ArcMap

By Richard A Nava

http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/pigwad/tutorials/scripts


http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/pigwad/tutorials/scripts

Add to ArcMap

After install:– Tools menu > Customize > Toolbars tab >

Crater Helper checkbox


Crater Helper ToolsToolbar

DockableWindow

19 Modes

7Digitizing

Tools


What for? – “Modes” Digitizing craters and other features Store as many attributes as possible about

each feature with a few clicks:– Feature location – Diameter– Extents– Azimuth– Area– Morphology– Preservation Km2

Deg.

X-Min, Y-Max...

Km

Lat, Lon


Digitizing tools1. By Point

2. By Line

3. By Circle

4. By Polygon

5. By 3-Point Circle

6. By 6-Point Ellipse

7. By Multi-Point Line23


Creating/Measuring Features

Select a toolSelect a mode Create/measureon map

Lat, Lon

Km

Deg.

Km2


Mode: Create Point/Calculate Diameter

Example:

Extents enabled By 3 point circle tool

Extents Rim Diameter

Location

Set Attributes/Link FeaturesEjecta tab Link tab Flag tab

Set morphology and preservation attributes

Link feature polylines to points

Flag selected features as complete or incomplete

Using the Link Tab1. Check “Link Features” 2. Set Target and Source layers3. Set Target and Source link

fieldsDynamic link

Done automatically when creating a polyline and a point after filling link tab parametersManual linkBy selecting a polyline and point and clicking the “Link” button after filling link tab parameters 27

Dynamic link polyline and point

Example:

Points

Lines

Toolbar Remarks

Cannot use all tools with all modes– Ex: Cannot create a polyline with the single point

tool Some modes are combinations of more basic modes

– Ex: Create Polyline/Create Point/Calc. Diameter Information is always stored in fields

Because of this, several fields will be added to the point and/or polyline feature classes

The ‘Enable Extent Computations’ button can be used with most tools and works as a checkbox


Tools for Crater Statisticsby Freie University


CraterTools

CraterTools is a GIS add-on toolbar

– Download: http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/software.html

– Publication: Kneissl T., van Gasselt S., Neukum G., Map-projection-independent crater size-frequency determination in GIS environments - New software tool for ArcGIS, Planetary and Space Science, 2010.


http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/software.html

CraterTools Interface

Green Flag: Create a point and polygon layer Grid: Create a grid of a certain size within an area Diameter Circle: Create a circle using 2 points 3-point Circle: Create a circle using 3 points Flag Crater: Mark craters that are of interest Scale Tool: Determine if a crater meets the minimum size Select/Unselect Areas: Exclude/include areas Preview Graph: Allows preview of plotted data Checkered Flag: Export data into CraterStats format Diameters to Centroid: Converts polygons to points 32

CraterTools

Resulting count is output as a text file that includes the crater diameters and the area in km2. This file is formatted for CraterStats

DOES NOT matter if the craters are organized into any particular order or bins because CraterStats is smart enough to organize and bin your data

If you have already finished your crater counts and want to plot them using CraterStats, just add the area and diameters into this format.

33

CraterStats

Produces uniform plots of crater statistic and fit isochrons to deposition and resurfacing– Download: http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/software.html

Also need to download the IDL virtual machine – also at the location above

– Publication: Michael G.G., Neukum G., Planetary surface dating from crater size-frequency distribution measurements: Partial resurfacing events and statistical age uncertainty, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2010, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.041


http://hrscview.fu-berlin.de/software.html

CraterStats Interface

Insert Text File

Add Titles

Scale Plot

Functions

Plot Types

CraterStats Interface

36


break

37

Standard projections

Standard projections in planetary– Simple Cylindrical (Equidistance Cylindrical, Equirectangular)

rectangular global (decimal degrees or meters), simple “database” projection.

– Sinusoidal Used for global and many tiled data releases, equal area

projection.– Mercator

Conformal, only use for equatorial areas, used in the Mars 1:5M series.

– Transverse Mercator Good for local areas “large” scale maps. A Small scale map

shows more land area, but with smaller representations and, therefore, lesser detail.

GIS for Planetary Mappers38

Standard projections – cont’d

Standard projections in planetary– Polar Stereographic

Good for polar, error increases away from central latitude (usually 90 or -90). Scale should be based on polar radius, can use polar radius.

– Lambert Conformal Good for mid latitudes. Error increases away from both

standard parallels. – Orthographic

Globe view, not good for mapping as the limb falls away, makes for pretty figures but you need 3 globes to portray an entire planet. ISIS uses a spherical equation

– Mollweide Coming of age projection, global


Standard projections – cont’d

Other projections in planetary– Lambert Azimuthal

Good for mid latitude and polar, equal area, VICAR/HRSC team uses it for polar areas.

– Robinson Good for figures (similar to Mollweide)


Geographic – Geocentric Issues

Planetographic vs Planetocentric - issues– Mars is basically the only problem – Most commercial commonly don’t use ocentric -

ArcMap can.– Work around … use sphere definition for Mars.– For commercial applications, don’t use elliptical

definitions and ocentric latitudes. Using elliptical and ographic is okay.


East-West Longitude

Positive East vs. Positive West– Not much to say because commercial GIS/RS

systems use positive East. You should always save your files using positive East.

– To use West, you either fake out the system (by using your own code) or you switch software. It is just a shift, so no errors are incurred.

– Luckily, if you are working in meters there is no East/West system, only Cartesian (X,Y).


Setting Projections in Arc

Setting planetary bodies in ArcMap– Example for decimal degree

(lat/lon)– Okay to set ”Mars 2000.prj”

ellipse. (find under “Coordinate Systems\Geographic Coordinate Systems\Solar System\Mars 2000.prj”) (semi-major radius 3396190 m)



– Example for the ArcMap dataframe or for MOLA and most raster datasets on the data DVD.

– To define a new projection click on New, “Projected”

GIS for Planetary Mappers 44

Mars Polar projection– Note the

“D_Mars_2000_Sphere_Polar” definition (semi-minor radius 3376200.0 m )



Projecting datasets using toolbox

Projecting vector

Projecting raster datasets



Hands-on (lon/lat display and data frame projections)



Simple Image RegistrationUsing a GIS Worldfile

48

Worldfile

Most simple image registration

5.0 (size of pixel in x direction) – A

0.0 (rotation term for row) - D

0.0 (rotation term for column) - B

-5.0 (size of pixel in y direction) - E

492169.690 (x coordinate of center of upper left pixel in map units) - C

54523.3180 (y coordinate of center of upper left pixel in map units) - F

*


Worldfile Algebraic Form (six parameter affine transformation) x’ = Ax + By + C y’ = Dx + Ey + F

where

x’ = calculated x-coordinate of the pixel on the map y’ = calculated y-coordinate of the pixel on the map x = column number of a pixel in the image y = row number of a pixel in the image A = x-scale; dimension of a pixel in map units in x direction B,D = rotation terms (assumed to be zero) C,F = translation terms; x,y map coordinates of the center of the upper-left pixel E = negative of y-scale; dimension of a pixel in map units in y direction


Hands-on (Lambert Albedo – Exercise 05)

Name: TES Albedo

Filename: TES_Lambert_Albedo.png (Simple 8bit PNG format)

Resolution: 8ppd

Scale: 7.5kmpp

Projection: Simple cylindrical, -180E to 180E, 90N to -90N, 'ocentric

Layout: Single file

Total Size: 2880x1440 pixels

Details: Surface albedo. MGS/TES. 8 ppd/7.5km.

Citation: Christensen et al., The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23,823-23,871, 2001.

from: http://www.mars.asu.edu/data/tes_albedo/


http://www.mars.asu.edu/data/tes_albedo/

Worldfile for Lambert Albedo - file name = "TES_Lambert_Albedo.pgw"

This PNG image is 2880 samples by 1440 lines

and is from -180 to 180 longitude and -90 to 90 latitude (global)

worldfile "TES_Lambert_Albedo.pgw" with descriptions:

0.125 // Xcellsize in degrees, 360 / num samples = 360 / 2880

0.0 // almost always 0

0.0 // almost always 0

-0.125 // Ycellsize usually = -X for square pixels

-179.9375 // Upper left pixel (center) in X; -180 + (cellsize / 2)

89.9375 // Upper left pixel (center) in Y; 90 - (cellsize / 2)


Defining a GIS Worldfile

0.125 0.00.0-0.125-179.937589.9375

Final worldfilelooks like

PDS Worldfile

PDS uses same – but X,Y are in “pixel” space

Worldfile (MOLA 4ppd megt90n000cb.lbl)OBJECT = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION ^DATA_SET_MAP_PROJECTION = "DSMAP.CAT" MAP_PROJECTION_TYPE = "SIMPLE CYLINDRICAL" A_AXIS_RADIUS = 3396.0 <KM> B_AXIS_RADIUS = 3396.0 <KM> C_AXIS_RADIUS = 3396.0 <KM> FIRST_STANDARD_PARALLEL = "N/A" SECOND_STANDARD_PARALLEL = "N/A" POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST" CENTER_LATITUDE = 0.0 <DEGREE> CENTER_LONGITUDE = 180.0 <DEGREE> REFERENCE_LATITUDE = "N/A" REFERENCE_LONGITUDE = "N/A" LINE_FIRST_PIXEL = 1 LINE_LAST_PIXEL = 720 SAMPLE_FIRST_PIXEL = 1 SAMPLE_LAST_PIXEL = 1440 MAP_PROJECTION_ROTATION = 0.0 MAP_RESOLUTION = 4.0 <PIXEL/DEGREE> MAP_SCALE = 14.818 <KM/PIXEL> MAXIMUM_LATITUDE = 90.0 <DEGREE> MINIMUM_LATITUDE = -90.0 <DEGREE> WESTERNMOST_LONGITUDE = 0.0 <DEGREE> EASTERNMOST_LONGITUDE = 360.0 <DEGREE> LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET = 360.5 SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET = 720.5 COORDINATE_SYSTEM_TYPE = "BODY-FIXED ROTATING" COORDINATE_SYSTEM_NAME = "PLANETOCENTRIC"END_OBJECT = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION

14818.0 (meters)0.00.0-14818.0-10676369.0 X = SAMPLE_PROJ_OFFSET * MAP_SCALE * -1

5341889.0 Y = LINE_PROJ_OFFSET * MAP_SCALE

http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/mgs/megdr.html


http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/geo/mgs-m-mola-5-megdr-l3-v1/mgsl_300x/meg004/megt90n000cb.lbl

Loading PDS and ISIS2/3 Images


Low-level PDS images (e.g. EDRs) are basically “raw” – no map projection – you should not bring it into a GIS

– How do you map project EDR PDS images

ISIS - Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers Suse Linux, Solaris UNIX, Mac OSX -- (Linux Virtual Machine)

http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/ (2011 – new ISIS3 map projection web service)

VICAR - Video Image Communication And Retrieval http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/ HRSC version maintained at DLR

How to use low-level PDS


http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/

http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/

GDAL for Map Projected PDS, ISIS2, ISIS3

GDAL (binaries available using FWtools and OSGeo4W):

> gdal_translate –of GTIFF isis_ver3.cub isis_ver3.tif

Convert from 32, 16 to 8bit in GDAL

>gdalinfo -stats input.cub

next min/max output for scale parameters for gdal_translate>gdal_translate -of GTIFF -ot Byte -a_nodata 0 -scale 0.21 0.89 1 255 input.cub output.jp2

GDAL Tips:https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,2172.0.html


https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,2172.0.html

GDAL for ArcMap 9.x GeoTiffs

GDAL created GeoTiffs are not very compatible with ArcMap 9.x. As a workaround until you upgrade to ArcMap 10:

> gdal_translate –of vrt gdal_geo.tif gdal_geo.vrt

This creates a GDAL “virtual” format which points back to the geoTiff but overrides it’s internal label. Load the *.vrt into ArcMap which will load in the geoTiff with correct projection parameters.

GDAL Tips:https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,2172.0.html



PDS PERL script to add GIS header: > pds2world.pl -e -prj pdsimage.imgOutputs ERDAS raw header. The “-prj” flag supports creation of a Projection file.

for image with detached PDS labels> pds2world.pl -e -prj pdsimage.lblOutputs ERDAS raw header. The “-prj” flag supports creation of a Projection file.

http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/pigwad/tutorials/scripts/perl.htm

ISIS2 helpers: https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,357.0.html

Helper Scripts for High-level fileshttps://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,357.0.html





ISIS3 can convert images to GIS compatible formatIsis2std – creates JPEG, PNG, TIFF (8bit only), Jpeg2000 with automatic worldfile

Example:

Converting to an 8bit Tiff with GIS worldfile: > Isis2std format=PNG from=myinput.lev2.cub to=myoutput.png

You will end up with two files - the png image, and a png worldfile.

How to use high-level ISIS3

The worldfile does not specify the projection. The projection, as defined in the original ISIS file should be defined in ArcCatalog. Using isis3world.pl you can help to create a projection file from the cube.




Batch conversion Tips: Unix/Linux code:

foreach> perl dform.pl -t -gis=yes $i foreach> end

code: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------foreach i (*.cub) foreach> perl isis2gisworld.pl -e $i foreach> end

Unix/Linux code: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------foreach i (*.cub) foreach> perl isis2world.pl -e $i foreach> end

In MsDOS command window loop (for Windows machines) code: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------for %i in (*.cub) do isis2world -e %i

Batch Command Line Tip

60

USGS Image Toolbox 1.5

Set Null Data Values – critical for 16, 32bit Batch project Batch define More…

http://resources.esri.com/geoprocessing/index.cfm?fa=codeGalleryDetails&scriptID=15759 61GIS for Planetary Mappers

http://resources.esri.com/geoprocessing/index.cfm?fa=codeGalleryDetails&scriptID=15759

Hands-on (HiRISE – Exercise 01)

Note: most HiRISE Jp2 images have embedded geospatial labels. However, they contain a Equirectangular parameter flaw when using GDAL. To fix, remap this parameter for ArcMap

Fire up Fwtools (portable) and run:

> Arcmap9_fixjp2 PSP_004365_1745_COLOR.LBL

By setting the data frame to the projection of the HiRISE image you can now further nudge the HiRISE registration using ArcMap’s Georegistration Toolbar.

Related:https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,2339.0.html

https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,1815.msg9742.html#msg9742



https://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisSupport/index.php/topic,1815.msg9742.html#msg9742

Cell Statistics

“A function that calculates a statistic for each cell of an output raster that is based on the values of each cell in the same location of multiple input rasters.” - paraphrased from ESRI’s online GIS dictionary

For example, the user could find the range and maximum value of albedo from multiple overlapping images acquired in different seasons

“Spatial Analyst tools such as cell statistics provide critical analytical components for the interpretation of raster and vector data. Statistics can help improve the quality of geologic maps.”


1. Add and/or Remove the raster layers that are required for the statistics


3. Type in the output raster name, either as a temporary file (default - will be erased the next time the project is closed) or as a TIFF, IMG, or Arc GRID.

1

2

3


Neighborhood Statistics

A function that calculates a statistic on a raster using a user-specified “neighborhood”, which implies an extent from individual cells. The extent can be a annulus, circle, rectangle, or wedge.

The user specifies statistics type, neighborhood extent (e.g., circle with a radius of 4 km), and out output cell size (default-input cell size)

For example, the user could find the range and maximum value of albedo from multiple overlapping images acquired in different seasons

“Using Neighborhood Statistics, a user could create a range of filter types. For example, a median high pass filter can be produced by using a median neighborhood statistic and then subtracting the raster value.”


1. Determine the input dataset and field that will be the basis of the stats 2. Set the statistic (minimum, maximum, range, sum, mean, std dev,

variety, majority, minority, median) and the neighborhood (annulus, circle, rectangle, wedge)

3. Set the neighborhood size Set the output cell size, raster name, and location

1

2

3

4


Zonal Statistics

A function that summarizes values in a raster within the zones of another layer

The user specifies the “zone dataset” (e.g., geologic units) the value raster dataset (e.g., slope)

Output is a Table that summarizes zone statistics For example, the user could find the range and

mean value of slope for geologic units

“The Zonal Statistics function allows the user to produce a simplified graph of the statistics. Note the check box in the dialog box.”


1. Set the Zone dataset (the feature that contains the region upon which statistics need to be created)

2. Set the Value raster (the raster dataset that will be the base of the statistics)


1

2

3


Adding Nomenclature

Adding the nomenclature to your map area is now easier than ever. The shapefiles are updated daily so update often

http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/GIS_Downloads

This site also supports a live Nomenclature layer – called a WFS (Web Feature Service). WFSs are not recommended for ArcMap 9.3 (hopefully ArcMap 10). They nomenclature layers can also be shown as a raster WMS layer.

Hands-on (load nomenclature, add hyperlink – Exercise 02)

http://astrodocs.wr.usgs.gov/index.php/Webservices


http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/GIS_Downloads

http://astrodocs.wr.usgs.gov/index.php/Webservices

Adding Nomenclature• Add layer, right click on layer name, properties, display tab, set URL

Note labels are also turned on using field CLEAN_FEAT under the label tab


Loading in LOLA (courtesy PDS ODE)Hands-on (load LOLA topography, interpolate surface – Exercise 03)

http://ode.rsl.wustl.edu/moon/indextools.aspx

There are several interpolation methods in ArcMap. The LOLA team uses a spline.

Here we will try a Natural Neighbor (under 3D Analyst)


http://ode.rsl.wustl.edu/moon/indextools.aspx


Display Lon, Lat ASCII Table

Create comma delimited text file (MSL.csv)

Name, Lat, LonEberswalde, -23.86, 326.73Holden, -26.37, 325.10Gale, -4.49, 137.42Mawrth, 24.65, 340.09Nili Fossae, 21.01, 74.45

72

Load Table

1.

2.


4.

Display X,Y Data (lat,lon)

Right click table

1.

2.

3.


Save to Permanent

Right click points


Let’s testcreating landing site error “ellipse”

Open ToolboxAdd Data if needed


3D Viewers


Please see: http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/pigwad/tutorials/15min_planetary_3D_overview.pdf

http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/pigwad/tutorials/15min_planetary_3D_overview.pdf

GIS Tools


79

Customizing ArcMap

4 Methods for adding functionality Add built in buttons to menus Install downloaded programs

DLL librariesTools (python)

Calculator scriptsCreate buttons/macros for custom tools


Add built in buttons to menusCommands TabDrag icon to toolbar


81

Install downloaded programs

Many add-ons available for ArcMap (e.g. X-Tools, Hawth Tools, ArcHydro, etc.)

These install like other programs (admin)

After the program is installed,

Tools -> Customize – Toolbars Tab.


also calculate• geodesic angles• geodesic centroids• convert to/from ocentric <->

ographic• clip datasets that cross over the

bounding meridian (e.g. 180 or 360).

Geodesic Tools

Calculate accurate lengths and areas no matter what projection.

(vector lines and polygons)


Graphic and Shapes

Build polygons (show later) Eventual house geodesic tools Much more…


Hawths Tools

Built for animal corridor tools but many more useful tools


USGS Image Toolbox 1.5

Set Null Data Values Batch project Batch define More…


Add Toolbox

Right click on top

ArcToolbox folder

Browse to file


87

ArcScripts

Download files from the ESRI website: (http://support.esri.com/index.cfm?fa=downloads.gateway)

Search ArcScripts for the tool of interest Be sure that the tool is built for your version

of ArcGIS Download the zip file to your computer


http://support.esri.com/index.cfm?fa=downloads.gateway

88

Use the Easy Calculate Scripts

Easy Calculate is a set of expressions (currently 110) for the ArcGIS Field Calculator.

Calculate some spatial characteristics of the features, edit the shapes, add records to a target layer, draw graphics etc.

Tip: to calculate geometry field in ArcMap9.3 (select field, type: Ctrl, Shift, F)

http://www.ian-ko.com/free/free_arcgis.htm


http://www.ian-ko.com/free/free_arcgis.htm

LayoutsMaking and printing maps using ArcMap


90

Layout View Explore and analyze data in the “Data View” Prepare maps for presentation using “Layout

View”– Allows user to quickly create a new map– Templates can contain data, custom design, and

predefined layout arrangements (north arrows, scale bars, institutional logos, etc.)

Can be selected using View menu (selected Layout View) or the empty page icon



Layout Toolbar

When viewing the layout, a Layout Toolbar appears to assist with navigation

ZoomIn/Out

FixedZoomIn/Out

Zoom to100%

ZoomControl

FocusData

Frame

Pan ZoomWholePage

Go toNext/

PreviousExtent

ToggleDraftMode

ChangeLayout 92


Creating Maps Page size and print specifications can be adjusted by clicking on white

space in layout Note that there is a difference between page and data frame

adjustments, depending on where you click

White space = page size and print specs Within frame = data frame properties


Creating Maps Data Frame Properties

Creating MapsChanging Appearance of Frame

In this example, we will take the general appearance of the frame to add depth and character to the map

Select the “Frame” tab in Data Frame Properties dialog box

Under “Border”, select preferred from drop down

Under “Background”, select preferred from drop down

Under “Drop Shadow”, select preferred from drop down

Click “Apply” or “OK”– NOTE: “OK” applies the

change and closes the Data Frame dialog box … the only difference

In this example, Border = Triple Line, Background = Yellow, and Drop Shadow = Gray; NOTE: These elements can be varied using parameters given above.

95

Enlargement shows new border, background color, and drop shadow.

96

Creating MapsAdding Title

Click “Insert” in Layout View

Can choose to add multiple elements

Add title, choose font size, and move as necessary

98

Creating MapsAdding North Arrow



Add arrow, enlarge and position as necessary

100

Creating MapsAdding Scale Bar



Add scale bare, enlarge and position as necessary

Creating MapsAdding Scale Bar

Double click scale bar once it is added to Layout to change properties, such as number of divisions, units, and format


103

Creating MapsAdding Legend



Select the layers that should be represented on the layout

Click “Next”

Legend “Wizard”Select relevant layers. Change specifics of legend.

Add border, color, and shadow. Change size of symbol patch. Change part spacing.

106

Creating MapsPrinting/Exporting

107


Questions?

108

Documents

GIS and Geologic Mapping Day 2 Tools and methods to get started using GIS geologic mapping USGS Astrogeology GIS Labs Sep 22, 2010