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Well-Defined Voting Blocs
White Southerners Catholics Recent immigrants Urban working poor Most farmers
Northern whites African Americans Northern Protestants Old WASPs Most of the middle
class
Democrats Republicans
Presidency as a Symbolic Office
Party bosses ruled Presidents should avoid offending any
factions within their own party The President just doled out federal jobs
In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant
A. transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote
B. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves
C. gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites
D. demonstrated his political skillE. All of these
New York’s notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of
A.New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas NastB.federal income tax evasion chargesC.the RICO racketeering actD.new York City’s ethics lawsE.testimony by Tweed’s partners in crime
The Credit Mobilier scandal involved
A.public utility company bribesB.Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffsC.railroad construction kickbacksD.evasion of excise taxes on distilled liquorE.manipulating the Wall Street stock market
During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans
A.had few significant policy differencesB.agreed on currency policy but not the tariffC.disagreed primarily over the power of the federal governmentD.held similar views on all economic issues except for civil-service reformE.were divided over silver vs. gold currency
During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and Republican parties was
A.the Grand Army of the RepublicB.the Roman Catholic ChurchC.ideological commitmentD.big-city political machinesE.political patronage
Rutherford B. Hayes
Ended Reconstruction Use of Federal troops to put down RR
strike Civil Service Reform Southern Democrats appointed to
cabinet
Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Act The “Magna Carta” of
civil service reform 1883 – 14,000 out of
117,000 federal government jobs became civil service exam positions
1900 – 100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal government jobs
Republican “Mugwumps”
Reformers who wouldn’t re-nominate Arthur
Reform to them – create a disinterested, impartial government run by an educated elite like themselves
Social Darwinists Laissez faire government to them:
Favoritism and the spoils system seen as government intervention in society
Their target was political corruption, not social or economic reform!
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
A.a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the SouthB.the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the SouthC.The election of a Democrat to the presidencyD.Republican support for an inflationary sliver-money policyE.a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad
Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was
A.Rutherford HayesB.William McKinleyC.Chester ArthurD.Benjamin HarrisonE.James Garfield
The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to
A.take a competitive examinationB.present a written recommendation from a congressman or senatorC.agree to make financial contributions to their political partyD.submit a resume listing their experience and providing referencesE.have a college degree
With the passage of the Pendleton Act, prohibiting political contributions from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from
A.new immigrantsB.contractors doing business with the federal governmentC.factory workers and farmersD.foreign contributorsE.big corporations
Cleveland’s First Term
The “Veto Governor” from New York First Democrat elected since 1856 A public office is a public trust! His laissez-faire presidency:
Opposed bills to assist the poor as well as the rich
Vetoed over 200 special pension bills for Civil War veterans!
The Tariff Issue
After the Civil War, Congress raised tariffs to protect new United States industries
Big business wanted to continue this; consumers did not
1885 – tariffs earned the US $100 million in surplus
President Cleveland’s views on tariffs??? Tariffs became a major issue in the 1888
presidential election
Cleveland Loses Support Fast!
The only President to serve two non-consecutive terms
Blamed for the 1893 Panic Defended the gold standard Used federal troops in the 1894 Pullman
strike Refused to sign the Wilson-Gorman Tariff
in 1894 Repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
The sequence of presidential terms of the “forgettable presidents” of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland’s two nonconsecutive terms) was
A.Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, GarfieldB.Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, ClevelandC.Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, ClevelandD.Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, ClevelandE.Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland
Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four?
A.Ulysses S. GrantB.Rutherford HayesC.Grover ClevelandD.Benjamin HarrisonE.Chester Arthur
Besides advocating a lower tariff, Grover Cleveland stirred political opposition by
A.supporting free and unlimited coinage of silverB.advocating federal aid to farmersC.vetoing many veterans’ pension billsD.spending the federal budget surplus on public worksE.bringing his mistress and illegitimate child to live in the White House
The Billion-Dollar Congress quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by
A.providing subsidies to wheat, corn, & cotton farmersB.building an expensive new steel navyC.expanding pensions for Civil War veteransD.cutting tariffs and other taxesE.increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects