GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX HDR launched two global indices: they
are: Gender related development index (GDI) Gender Empowerment
index (GEM) The GDI attempted to capture achievments through the
same set of basic capabilities as included in the HDI. The greater
the Gender disparity in basic human development, the lower was a
countrys GDI compared to HDI. The GEM indicated whether women are
able to actively particpate in economic and political life. There
are drawback in the above indices, so that HDR 2010, introduced a
new measure Gender inequality Index which includes three critical
dimensions for women Reproductive health, Empowerment and labour
market participation. The index shows the loss in human development
due to inequality between female and male achievements in these
dimensions.
GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX
HDR launched two global indices: they are: Gender related
development index (GDI)Gender Empowerment index (GEM)
The GDI attempted to capture achievements through the same set
of basic capabilities as included in the HDI. The greater the
Gender disparity in basic human development, the lower was a
countrys GDI compared to HDI.
The GEM indicated whether women are able to actively participate
in economic and political life.
There are drawback in the above indices, so that HDR 2010,
introduced a new measure Gender inequality Index which includes
three critical dimensions for women Reproductive health,
Empowerment and labor market participation.
The index shows the loss in human development due to inequality
between female and male achievements in these dimensions.
I t ranges from 0 which indicates that women and men fare
equally , to 1 which indicates that women fare as poorly as
possible in all measured dimensions.
HDR 2014 Presents HDI values separately for women and men for
148 countries. Worldwide the female HDI value averages about 8%
lower than the male HDI value.
Among the regions, the latest gap is in South Asia (17%). The
gap is small (3%) in the very high human development group but
about 17% in the low human development group.
Slovakia has achieved gender parity, while female HDI values are
slightly higher than male values in 15 countries.
The GII for 149 Countries reveals the extent to which national
achievements in reproductive health, empowerment and labor market
participation are eroded by gender inequality.
Unlike the HDI, a higher GII value indicates poor performance,
values of GII in 2013 range from an average of 0.317 for Europe and
Central Asia to 0.575 for Sub-Saharan Africa and from an average of
0.197 for the very high human development group to 0.586 for the
low human development group.
Slovenia out performs all other countries (0.021), while Yemen
has the highest value (0.733). India with GII value of 0.563 in
2013 ranks 127th.
For instance, Poor Reproductive health services are a major
contributor to gender inequality, especially in developing
countries.
For example, the maternal mortality ratio is 474 death per
100000 live births in Sub-Saharan Africa.
For instance, The deficits in education are wide as well, on
average, 60% of women ages 25 and older have at least some
secondary education, compared with 67% of men. This discrepancy is
large for the low human development group economies.
For instance, Women also lag behind men in labor market
participation (51 % compared with 77% ).
The situation is less promising for women in the Arab States
where 25% of women of working age participate in the labor market,
compared to 73 % of men.
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