....
1155-1174
His
and Normans
....
His Character ......
of Bagdad
His Investiture
147
147
149
151
153
156
156
157
159
160
161
161
162
End
of
—
with the
350
Angelus,
and
Latins
end
of
to the
gregations
which
they
assembled
in
*
had been
17).
may consult
tam
grandes,
been
rigorously
followed.
been
the
Paulicians
arc
defined
Bogomils;
see
Appendix
i)
be
devised
the
same
district
of
Pontus
which
had
and
festival,
which
was
Pontus had
they
should
be
who
of
the
penal
statutes,
nor
will
the prize must
doubtless be adjudged
dora,
who
Oriental
of
the
lesser
measure
of
some, who were driven
an
of fear
humanity;
Trebi-
and
help
nearly due
flicted
chief Saracen
Te0pt(c^x
indci)cndence
survived
in
the
mountains;
the
Pauhcians
eighth century,
p.
450,
of the Manichaeans;
and Epirus;
and many
empire
Paulicians
were
dangerous
trans-
is
alleged
by
Ducange
in
an
excellent
1.x.
p.
8i-
152)
and
Mosheim
them in
a
farce
(Ducange,
Gloss.
Latinitat.
founders
of
the
inquisition
Gnostic
theology.
the most impartial and
not calumniate
may be
from
the
pleasantry; but,
and Documents
eii^hl
:
the stupendous
grace, and pre-
solid
and
im-
portant
these
Myriads of
stored
life.
were
stripped
of
were
the
AWois
fii)
TTotetTe.
without revenue
or jurisdiction.
His decrees
were conse-
crated by
church;
their
argu-
accepted, beyond their wishes,
^^
^^
narrow allowance of the
times.
In
the
authority of the primate.
tribunal
The
exceptions
more
scepticism.
The
passages
(Hist,
—
Egypt, and Africa,
my undertaking,
in their
public
and survived
part
of
these
Barbarians
memorial
continues,
and
may
long
continue,
of
Constantine.
a
similar
raw materials.
of
There
is
still
a
vil-
lage
called
experience
ad-
vice;
separated
;
two
Epirus'
Rerum
Ital.
tom.
v.
p.
186,
187)
their
native,
language.
ecclesiastical jurisdiction
between the
(Baronius,
Lychnidus, or Achrida,
are clearly e.xpressed
has produced some
perplexity in the
of
the
of
researches are useful to elucidate the antiquities of
Bohemia
and
"kindred
Bulgarian
Kingdom
There
was
a
strong
Walachian
and has been
books,
suggests); the guttural does not belong to the word, but
was
(2/cX(£/3os,
Sclavus,
similarly
formed,
Schafarik
shows
convincingly
that
the
shores,
constructed
war.
They
"
were rich in
modern languages,
(see the
originally one name,
cfTeclually
an-
cestors
they
reigned
; but
the
Augustus
and
Constantine.
success
was probably
of
treaty,
his
to
John
Sagorninus
(p.
94-102),
collected by Strittcr
Danube,
and
extent
of
the
victory.
more than
Pagan
Turks;
but
arms
than
children,
an artificial and well-forti-
philosophical, historical),
monk Chrabr
Cyrillic alphabet (cp.
893,
have
followed
the river-god
Isthmus.
This
Bulgarians
submitted,
imperial.
If
than
study
of
the
thousand
captives
rustic
songs
usual
stations
along
the
was
improved
or
were
associated
to
the
standard
of
their
ancient
vassals;
introduced
language
of
battle.
The
larger prospect
of the
and
Europe.
Siberia,'^
though
thinly,
scattered
from
freedom
have
indeed
striking,
but
the
Bayer
it
essentially
differs
is
p.
31,
&c.).
(Fischer,
Dissert,
i.
p.
race
are
is chiefly drawn
instruments
mines Leo to
they
shared the
p.
6,
p.
896
[18,
1016).
If
a
a
p.
231,
232).
which
a
the flocks
and herds
were secure
overspread the
country exposed
been occupied
some experience
the helmet
breast-plate of his
or pursuit,
was
maintained
in
open camp
has
been
justly
subject
to
the
of
slaughtering
the
ten years. I have
southern
Christians
was conspicu-
ous in
people,
(a
their country.
the
; and ten
bushels of
the
numbers
side
situation formed
they had imposed
of
the
Caesars."
The
remote
resources
of
(Annali
ever
from a
"My
"main-
tain
your
ranks,
second
discharge
by
castle
of
Merseburg
who,
in
an
age
KTa/j.4vr]s 4\d(poio
quibus
Flanders. But
princes were made
each
other,
their
of
mians, closed
the rear
with
Christian
hero
girded
on
his
and
but it was
fought at Riada
of
the
Unstrut
and
The Italian
Liutprand who
Kaiserzeit,
i.
p.
831.]
his father had
extorted from the
from
in the face of
is
differently
spelt),
in
of other Teutons
of
war and assassination,
as
aliens
Varan-
adventurers
from
root
language,
and
recompense
of
disperse and
Merseburg,
observes
that
foreign service.
(Glossar.
Med.
et
Infima:
Graecitatis,
maintains
trade of
Russia is
by
the
Prussians.
Their
northern
reign
places
Ingria, between
Novgorod the Finnic circle reached
down to the Oka, south of Moskowa. The most southerly of these peoples
were the Muromians, whose town
was
Muromians, the Merians,
15).]
describes (in
Hanseatic
league,
imported from
exaggeration
was
more solid
Russians celebrated the festival of their
escape ; at a
river,
they
land,
and
the
merchant.'"
But
the
century
(Cedren.
inserted
by
fleets
of
the
Cossacks,
which
issued
the long stem of
mast
when the
national force
but it
ten or fifteen
and
and the historian. The
have
been
stopped
and
passed with-
out opposition,
864
or
865,
certain
that
they
experienced
a
severe
defeat
after
Graec. v.
2, p.
before
and
Dir
(see
national
chronicles
as
were employed
The
engineers
repulsed
at
the rashness
a.d.
944.
secretly
inscribed
with
a
prophecy,
a
by sea;
and, as
they fought
annotation to this note) there
is only one witness.]
Danube,
and the
their
provisions
pressed by
who
was
received
war and the en-
laurel in
his hand
applaud the
the
Critica,
torn,
the
Ceremony
of
number
and harmonious
that
a
the rites
first church as a
^*"'
p.
44
sqq.
(1891).
through the streets
their prince;
with many thousands of
sanctified by
era, the
princess
evski
showed
(in
a
von
Rosen
(1883),
note
169),
of Gothia,"
which was
early
the fact that
cen-
turies.
courage
was
active
and
patient;
their
people
and an
arms
Pagans were
were saluted
gulf
of
Finland,
was
invaded
and
the
reign
of
idolatry
was
the
ledge
that
temporal
The rage
the ambition of Catholic
of the
Barbarians into
the pale
of
St.
It had been designed for
the
duke
of
Poland
own
oppressed
by
the
to
the
and rehgious
used the reverential expressions
of regnion oblatum, debitam
the independence of
produced
the
rival
were entertained
with too
sovereign
of
Rome
of Beneventum
the
or
A.D.
871,
No.
51-71)
Hist. Fr. scr.
in
Capasso's
anonymous
tian
ally.
The
successors
of
inferior
to
that
Barbarian war;
profane, as
Kaiserzeit, i.
each night
was
at
length
awakened
and
fell
into
the
the
at Capua
a
volume
891,
sentenced
to
the
and the
that, since
"And how,"
(do
Gestis
guilt
is
imputed
to
the
in Germany,
a similar
manner. His
him prisoner
c.
t,t„
tom.
ix.
was introduced
captives,
messenger,
to
Theobald, what punishment should
in arms?
"Should such,"
she answered
without hesitation,
to spare what
of
pars
i.
p.
453,
454.
may exclaim,
hard if
a
viris
certetis
arc collected in
of
spirit
nounced
Saracen
fleet
besieged
Salerno,
40
Roman
knights
a[)i)arition of
his
and in
the disguise
valour
prevailed
the
Catepan
Capua,
Beneventum,
Campania; but
a bulwark
that fertile district.
of
pilgrims
urged
by
of
—
Capua.
But,
when
the
1038,
with the principality
Count
Rainulf
of
troops were
lost in
custody
or castle
rival
every swarm of
Barbarians and freebooters :
Confugiebat, cum gratanter suscipiebant
Normandy:
(Muizz ben
Badis), and
were
restored;
and
felt the
they essentially promoted
the
greater
emperor.
But
his
though he was
Theme of
dissembled till they
dignation, and the province
hundred
foot ;
threescore
thousand
option
"
of Maniaces. From
1040.
Heinemann,
op.
cit.
The
age,
is
styled
a
lion
^^
Quos genus et
Apulian
cities,
by the
restraint of
hunting and hawking,^^
the inclemency
of
a
of
Germany
regions of the
to restrain the
violence, of his
peers. Under the
was invested
vassals of
Foederatus
the
title
of
Sebastos
or
make
service
provinces to the Persian
the chiefs
by the sense
; and an offensive
interrupted the
him
from
Apulia
to
Saxony,
from
But
the
Mantua to
;
muster
fear,
was
chilled
alternative.
Flight
they
disdained,
and,
as
many
the
the
clerical
prejudice.
the
After
a
severe
conflict,
they
returning
ranks
The
gates
and
of
Christ
of
sin
demned."
he heats
conditions which the Nor-
Eastern Emperor.
are
ably
discussed
by
p.
Romana
non
dedit
sed
1.
i.
p.
23-27
[c.
10,
11],
Latin Chronicles
Tancred
was
twelve
sons,
who
were
more glorious
successively attained
from
of
Ti5xr?s
purple;
yet
himself
to
the
empire.
si
tiene)
ad quem
has
endowed
him
with
the
heroic
his hair and
sparkled
with
In
the
wield
;
cassa nee ensis
Cassus erat, quocunque
conversant
a
cunning
Wiseacre
I
mutual
prejudice
policy con-
ferred on
ing
hour
is
a
nice
and
Muratori, and
a
Vatican
MS.
Yet
a
and
Cardinal
of the 12th century
Ital.,
3,
I.
p.
277
sqq.;
years to
deserve and
number
Duke were some-
of
barons;
the
authority;
exile
foreign
enemies,
last and most patient.
As he pressed the
captured
Otranto.]
1
ever,
and
the
invaded,
the
the sword
to beg
the
^^
established before
A.D.
1073.
Heinemann,
op.
cit.
p.
268.]
ah
the obscure
Gariopontus).
The
While
in
Theology
throughout the Middle Ages
(Recherches
de
la
France,
of the
has opened the
to
the
pendent colonies,"^ three
merchants,
age.
forty
Nauta
His
[hie]
base
practices
Catholics,
had
retrieved
open boat,
returned
of
Trani,
his
countess his
wife had
of
Musulmani
di
Sicilia,
iii.
56).
year —
1061,
May.]
triumphs. These insufficient
numbers of the
a
frequent
of the
provokes
a
windy
disposition,
quas
per
nnum
fortunes,
Guiscard was
the daughter
their five
the cloister
; and Robert
From
.
marry
another
and there are extant
through
to
fight,
in
the
pious
Italians
at
but
the
the
lransi)orls
and the
&c.
p.
3-6).
Hermolaus
Barbarus,
who
substitutes
centum
cape,
of
and
the
^*
 
Venetians,
of
their
was
poured
into
Durazzo,
provision.
That
five hundred
knights perished
a
size
door or
structure was
which
allowed
her
father
to
; and the emperor
princes,
with the
of subor-
dination were
pregnant with
surrounded
and
garrisons of Anatolia,
conqueror,
the
Danes
and their
person
and
palace
; and
be-
Hastings.
The
principal officers.
spot,
as
if
axes of the
campaigns of Africa
of eight
hundred knights,
and of
intrepid.
irpotT/ria-aix^vri^
fj.dxv^t
and
his
^'igorous
struggle,
Greeks,
six
thou-
sand :
Michael was more
only
the
contempt
bravely
strug-
and evolutions.
formidable
cavalry
and almost
incapable of
their
arrows
she
wishes
to
common nonsense,
Comnena, Alexias
the Latin princes, the allies of Alexius and enemies of
Robert, the most
or
of
the
West.
The
alliance
by
every
success in a
that the
a cross
with the names
a vase
of sardonyx,
thousand
Byzantines
against the
Henry
IV.
at
Rome
in
June,
1081
{op.
cit.
p.
396-8).
Robert, was a
:
'"^
had
After
and to
drive from
church.'"^
Gregory :
men and
VII.).
und sein Zeitalter. The
Greek schismatic,
Capitol, as
a
the
most
faithful
conquests. The
qiiihusdam
Coelio monte
prostratae urbis, nisi
viriditate
contegeret
vulnera
by
the
pope
(Anna,
(1.
iv.
p.
270).
Romani
regni
Their
the
harbour
how to remedy
Constantinople ; but,
and sea
and
effect.
But,
in
Comnena (1.
(Dandulusin
Script.
so apparent to
East opened
the conquests,
and the
an happy
and grate-
Sicily, fills four
volumes of the Italian
Reidcsel, Swin-
of war.
cast
anchor
in
commanded
the
submission
sacred
spot
Guiscard
of
Italy,
and the
Norman
more ancient than
palace,
with
compensated
by
the
and the
the Moorish
sword was broken;
reign
of
his
successor.^^^
The
(in
and
The
possession
offered
by
Charles
V.
and his
'^'
vii.
p.
270,
271)
treachery
of
admiral
Majo.
court
laws
the
disaffected
inhabitants,
who
had
yet
spread
themselves
and the venerable
approach of Normans lower town of
Corinth
was
evacuated
watered by the classic
(their
a
1. i.
1.
ii.
and the insult of
fleet delivered the royal captive;
and,
ourable entertainment
were
left
without
defence
clergy
assault of
silver,
speedy rescue, I
p.
420,
421),
the feudal
entrusted a
exploit
Western coast,
king;
but
of
three
hundred
cities
whose
German
Caesars ;
free
cities
by the
bosom of
the
alliance
that
powerful
entertained
with
due
pope
nople. They
flattered his
piety by
and
exhorted
cause
of
the beneficia, flumen aureum of the
emperor;
great
collection
chronicle of
spoke
a
more
peremptory
without
preserving
the
friendship
enmity of Venice.
persons, and confiscate the effects, of the
Venetian merchants.
This violation
and
Greece;
jus
asseruit
ndXai
diroppayfiffdv
generation. The
and Saracens,
addressed
years,
accepted
portraits of the
grandeur of the
obedience
successful
insurgents
The sceptre of
honour of
but for those
e
scrittori
sincroni
napolctani,
1845.]
:
keen ; he
of
St.
to
the
mother
continent
Roger,
had
married
the
most
and
this
against
the
powers
decease, the kingdom
out
Capua
had consulted their
have combined
the powers
^^
turbine, sublato
montanas
munitiones
occu-
pugnandum illinc
incudem
l)roslrate
Henry,
tians and
Mahometans: they
thirteenth
the
whole
kingdom:
horses
were
laden
young
king,
his
were
of life,
to
after
this
Anjou
the
listening
From
the
the
Danube:
and a
their
elei)hants
of
the
Seljukide
of
Iconium
of
the
p.
246).
reign
of
Mutawakkil,
^
century.
[Rripgs
{op.cit.
vol.
i.
p.
47)
bon refers,
latitude
27°
3',
longitude
80°
13'.
See
d'Anville
they
were
one
of
was endowed
adjacent country were
Ferishta
counsellors that the
Gentoos,
and
that
such
a
sum
might
be
dedicated
to
pearls and
some degree the
were
to
the
could dare
of
life of
your arms.
a
woman
and
a
that
have
never
*
i.
p.
53)
(p. 376).
again
wept
the
instability
of
human
greatness;
to the neighbour-
hood of cities;
less
obvious
to
increased
to
the
number
of
seasons,
and
feed
2500
note in
(1.
their
summer
first
emigration
ancient
tenth century of the
ness
Jaxartes
was
often
violated
Mahometan
faith,
plains and
The
these
wilder
natives
of Sel-
juk, who dwelt in the territory of Bochara. The sultan had
inquired
what
Mahmud,
laborious
I. vii. ix.
around,
the
temptation
rather
relaxed
by
"The king
undismayed even
inspires
the
brave,
seconded
their
The
Gaznevide
was
abandoned
by
race; and
the shepherd
of their new master. A number of arrows were successively
inscribed with the name of
a
tribe,
a
'^The of d'Herbclot
for
and
place,
events. The
eloquent
predecessors.
the
East.
been
authority
Turkmans, which
same,
tonic idioms.
and
After
the
barked
on
the
his
public
entry
on
fully dismounted,
and walked
time
in
a
modest
posture,
and
was
publicly
read,
which
declared
him
veil
was
perfumed
with
side, as the
prostrating himself
of the
In
(torn. iii.
p.
99.]
bridle
of
his
; and
were
followed
by
of liberty
and power.
On the
throne of
caliphs,
with
the
fanaticism
of
new
corda
mortalium
invaserat,
ita
scribercnt.
Elmacin,
Hist.
Saracen,
p.
342,
vers.
Erpenii.
Romans,
the
Euphrates
entered Caesarea,
the metropolis
had been attracted
away
relics
Armenia
and the spirit
the
of
de
elrj
ireTrpiJip.ivov
Dulcarnein (d'Herbelot,
in
the
before
this
important
frontier
was
the
news
hands of
were
more
strenuously
de-
fended
by
alfpeo-ii/tScylitzes, ad
were
it
children. His
Romanus Diogenes
haps
most
Eudocia
Romans,
and
to
fear.
The
Turks
Phrygia
but
with
spoil
and
emperor
seemed
Turks
nation. See the pedigree of their princes from Adam
to
Romanus led
the
command.]
Imperii. 1. ii. c.
 
(Strittcr,
Memor.
Byzant.
torn.
iii.
p.
923-948)
time beyond the
in .^nna
the
Greeks
cipal
generals,
they
refused
to
obey
advice
he
rushed
action.
Had
he
listened
enemy,
sincerity."
Alp
by
Abulpharagius says, cum centum
ntimbers.
[The
inclined to
from
the
and
declared
that,
place
were placed
in the
were
inestimable pearl: they forget to mention that,
in
this
fatal
Rome
were
sultan; he
stantine
(Ducange,
illustrious prize, was
disputed by a
and
a
been
Basilacius,
commanded
to
kiss
the
ground
He reluctantly obeyed
his
bigoted
He instantly
necks of his rivals
were
in
that
the
palace
and
a captive
Attaleiates,
p.
152
was fought
dynasty
useful inscription :
YOU
WILL
BEHOLD
IT
Turks.
^^
ture.
In
same
would
not
devotions
at
Thous,
rose
crowned with victory,"
the
minister.
"For
my
at the
words, "repair
before
he
could
peruse
the
inscription.
adorned
justice.
The
language
and
literature
Jones's
History
of
Nadir
Shah,
and
less
Pisces. The
reign of
hfe was short and
with the design
his
feeble successor
the
summoned
by
the
stowed on the
caliph Moctadi, with
should
His vacant
and,
after
a
series
candi-
dates
confirmed
a
lasting
three younger
though obscure,^^
dominion on
as
andaris
years old at
could
only
the
Roman
in
the
field,
to
seek
new
kingdoms
worthy
of
their
ambition
the
great
sultan
of
Persia
commanded
Mesopo-
tamia,
erected
the
A.D.
1157.]
and
twenty-seven
p.
170
[c.
9])
and
the affairs
of the
atabegs, for
their
hands.]
VOL.
X.
to
his
voice;
Minor, M. de
unwiUing
to
expose
Attaleiates].
of the
the
seat
hundred
miles
from
Christ
was
years
of
the
reign
of
the
caliphs,
approved
Riant
(1877
and
again
1879).
genuine
by
it are
probable. It
was composed
course, has
^
Jerusalem
of
Tyre
(1.
i.
Dei
per
Francos.
mistook the two
tine, his cruel and
ignorance and hypocrisy.
'hated
the
Jews
and
Christians,'
Mahometan
bigot,
which
to destroy the eave in the rock, which properly con-
stitutes
this
sacrilege,
;
con-
and the
Hungary opened
kingdom, relieved
and conducted
and
Ratisbon,
undertook
amounted to
they
were rescued
Italy,
but
the Carizmian, marched
and
the
other
Bagdad
advanced
original
narratives
of
of the Holy Land
translated into English,
Palestine Pilgrims' Text
Novairi.
fourteen
dollars;
and
Europe
does
spirit of native
was often disturbed
neighbouring
counts
of
Bou-
first
as
a
by
the
approba-
tion
of
the
alms
which
he
God. He
et
oculum
Albert
Aquensis,
p.
185.
Guibert,
p.
482.
Anna
his
princes
were
by
who, in the
own."
of a
incarceravit cam,
S.
Disibodi
France, Burgundy,
Swabia, and
thirty
thousand
was held
in a
plain ad-
of
his
countrymen
pope
had
illustrated
his
form
king of
race,
who,
mirificus
of ecclesiastical
Mansi,
tom.
iv.
p.
161).
romance
(Historia
de
title)
by
a
monk at
1880.
There
T. Rodd
the
praise, since he laboured
to appease some domestic
on their return,
glory of the deliverance of the Holy
Land; and,
when the
pope ascended a lofty scaffold in the market-place of Cler-
mont,
a
of
God,"
inspiration
surely
the
champions
of
by the Normans as contrary to their
privileges
'*
was
place,
to
the
council
of
Clermont
(p.
15,
16).
shoulders,
to
the
faithful,
sonal service of
of
cloth,
by
and, as it
were, the national,
colour of our
adopts,
Diaboli
unsheath
the
pure,
East and
their
arguments
by
the
the
; and the privi-
prevent,
purpose might
and remote
depopulated
Eu-
rope.
II.
Palestine
could
add
pretend to
his
Jerusalem
the
moral
God,
who
had
laid
;
and
persuaded that
some it was not
wars of the
drive
the
exercise
were
the
; they were en-
joined, as a
penance, to gratify
lands,
the
nations
im-
mortaUse
purest piety could not be insensible to the most splendid
prospect of
acquisition perhaps of
who
imperfect
the
the people
who remained
first
and
the
free
exercise
of
their
side
of
to
introduce
savages.
They
a
rumour
of
their
forerunners,
and
took
vengeance
by
his
strongly felt by
the crusaders,
of the counts
with
1500
or
15,000
preserved its
Gozelo;
but
on
his
Rhine;
from
vassals;
that
was
held
the most
of
Boulogne,
Bouillon
to
the
sometimes forgot the
and the
the three hundred
eloquent
Stephen
hun-
Toulouse, who
preserve
a
Occ.
3.
p.
883
sqq.^
totidem Trojana obsidio
p.
486.)
of
St.
Giles,
a
second
character
in
crusades,
should
shine
as
Alexiad.
1.
x.
or
first
appanage,
Bibliotheque, torn, xxxvii.
directed
the
to
Amalphi,
his
example
and
army;
he
instantly
this
veteran
general
character
(Script, tom.
has
inserted
as the
were
invested
their
jurisdiction;
and
these
other and of
as
of
the
same
honour
of
knighthood;
a
to
his
Muratori,
Script.
Ital.
the youth of
p.
281-289).
3.
This
Rinaldo
and
(Muratori, Antichita Estense,
etymologies
first, but
 
roused by
breast
was
defended
by
an
hauberk
and the
of
Carloman,
the Latin
;
Save ;
the
river
frontiers of
French
monarch.^^
But
in
this
scattered
and
sepa-
rately
accomplished
their
passage,
regardless
safety
or
dignity
: and
Assump-
tion,
by a
kings."^
In
some
shepherd,
his
grounds ;
and twenty
knights to
p.
352,
353
Dissert,
xxvii.
1254)
and
Froissard
 
227
apprehen-
name
French heroes.
were
savage
beasts,
alike
destitute
of
was
the
to
nations,
who
despised
each
other
as
slaves
and
Barbarians.
Ignorance
he
engaged
to
second
with
acquired, in
Guiscard
was
palace,
a
door
was
carelessly
was heaped
miser,
a
Greek
attendant,
soul
denied, his daring demand of the office of great domestic,
or
bowed
in
their
declared
with
an
the value and the
Ducange (sur
Joinville, diss.
of the
Bohemond,
ostensible
sea and
side
might
not
submitted
to
kiss
either his feet or his knees, an indignity which their own
writers
the emperor as he sat
motionless
on
have kissed either his feet
or
knees.
have amply supplied the
silence or ambiguity of
so
he partly suspected
audacious
baron.
All that
address their
prayers to
I
defiance."
Alexius
strength and
Annales,
soldiers
deserved
a
belief and fancy,
the
Latin
camp.
The
reader
starts;
and,
who
took
incredible
multitudes.
of
his
zeal,
it
is
only
myriads
that
labour under
she has not contrived to disfigure
with the proud ignorance, so dear and famil-
iar
to
a
polished
people.
I
mined by an etymology
devices of
might have been stationed
Syrian sun.
They consumed,
with heedless
prodigality, their
country;
the
necessity of
Saracens,
encouraged a
report, which
I
wish
that,
instead
of
listening
to
British
ocean
(p.
143),
English Norman,
Stephen, Earl
cuneos (Guibcrt,
the cms intectum, and hispida chlamys, may suit the Highlanders;
but the
uligi)iosis may rather apply to the Irish bogs. William of
Malmesbury expressly mentions the Welsh
and Scots, &c.
of
first conqueror; and,
with-
(p.
546),
historians confuse
cruelty,
and
discord.
In
industry of
Compare
hordes encamped round
observed their
division was
barous
conduct,
of
Bohemond,
Tancred,
(a.d
1098,
No.
15).
The
enemies
consisted
nostro incommodo;
brothers?
Tancred
is
styled
filius;
of
whom?
[Tancred was
suggests.
Chanson
d'
Antioch,
ii.
372
; but
homo
naturalitcr
Archbishop
Baldric
(p.
99).
still
more
pernicious
to
the
disorderly
throng.
They
climbed
with
long
and
trembling
file
almost
in
the
footsteps
of
Baldwin
at
the
motive,
and
fame
the
reward,
of
Tancred
extended his
Euphrates.^^
Count
Baldwin
(Esprit
dcs
Croisades,
torn.
i.
p.
The
capital
of
her
ancient
magnificence,
and
position,
must
gates, so
often mentioned
to the
note on
p.
i.
p.
188-
193),
Otter
Geographicus
of
Schultens
(ad
p.
367-377.]
stone the
sword and
the lance
the
ambitious Bohemond,
The
Christians
of
Antioch as the
executed by the
c.
53).
that
of
want,
was
envenomed
by
and always
disgustful; and
archdeacon of
at
penance of
warriors, the
defence
of
same fanaticism which
and
miracles
St. Ambrose had
the holy
diocese of
loose
Raymond,
whom
exj)criment was
of
entrusted
was
felt
by
the
arms,
either
issued,
or
dazzled
a
liberal
the
stances of
and
the
For
a
and
arms
'"*
holy
lance,
which
soon
vanished
kingdoms
of
the
the
regardless, of the true
twenty-eight
fraud,
are
other
.'\udite
urge them
and
the
camp
of Egypt
in
a
milder,
commander of
lay aside
the
the
answer
followers
of
Mahomet
their
of victory :
willing
to
of Egypt and
of
his
chiefs.
and
twenty
thousand
foot
easy
march
ample
of
Jerusalem.
From
Ctesarea
the crusaders
sieges.
It
was
not
till
after
might
supersede
Franks is traced,
a three
he could muster
must
a
half),"^
to
what
Jerusalem must
have exceeded
Josephus collects
himself
numerous
tract.
For
the
p.
83-223.]
dry in
which, in
time of
perennial
fountain,
an
Jerusalem],
or
Etham,
which
is
likewise
fifth day, the crusaders
the
walls
without
barrier, but
camp
the
forty
dry in
as
in
the
count
embellished the minutest details
of the world
54,
p.
345,
346.
Daimbert,
Arch-
bishop
new
pa-
triarch
the victorious pilgrims;
and both Godfrey
erty
of
Jerusalem
and
Jaffa
of
acquisi-
'^^
his election chiefly
(I.
iii.
p.
i)
describe
in Bongarsius, ii.
ii. seems
never to
and
each
knight
was
attended
thousand
country.
mischiefs
et virtuosa
esse deberent.
feudal lord,
i.
p.
441-471)
the
is never
Latin,
tom.
v.
p.
535;
and
in deliciis enutriti,
the
Temple
and
the
Hospital.
;
state
character;
the
parent
and
of the
whose
obe-
dience
they
require,
and
for
whose
idiom.
Manor
the
(c.
not
existence
of
this
original
d'Outremer,
c.
6,
were in-
of
Jerusa-
lem.
The
court, the
Caesarea, and the
lands immediately
bound to
own
feuda-
tories.
and
voluntary :
formed
of
the
island,
Tripoli
is
the
323
[c.
269,
 
by
word
and
the
Prin-
Beha ad-din
attempt
by
perjury
to
take
away
as
of Montesquieu) ;
a
defeat
lord's demesnes;
in
the
all
the
members
of
the
which he derives
no work has been
more read and criticised
1
1
;
may be
the pil-
French princes to tempt
court of
was
repre-
sented
by
his
;
and the
(a.d.
of
the
of the
who had
the
same
value
; but
Syria
Alexiad,
1.
xi.
p.
419
[c.
i].
Hellespont
de-
liverance
with
a
heavy
debt ;
^
finally
delivered
an obscure and
I.
ad
Ale.xiad,
p.
41).
form has be-
regardless
of
pre-
vented
the
and
holy sepulchre,
Ekkehard
[Among the Western sources, Odo de Deogilo (Deuil), De Profec-
tione Ludovici
important:
Migne,
see Nicetas in Isaac.
tom.
iii.
p.
ii.
p.
498-526,
edit.
Basnage).
[A.
Chroust,
of France and
the
of
Chartres,
returned
to
consummate
their
unfinished
horse
and
expected
strait or river,
the
endless
a trooj) of
from
Nice
and
the
sea-coast,
were
undertaken
cowardly
who,
without
fair market in
Frederic's
of
to
his
and
Asia,
scanty pittance of food was let down in baskets from
walls. Experience or foresight might excuse this timid
jealousy
the
hand
perated
the
crusade,
but
in
the
third
he
commanded
any
drops
of
Christian
blood.
In
their
;
is blamed by
dictions. It is
the
word
SeXXiof.
save
pestilence,
and
escaped with some squadrons
sultan, and
treacherous guides
double attack
Louis
had
scarcely
passed
Conrad divided his army.
brother.
enemy
Conrad
;
spent Christmas,
's
joint
march
was
refers. The
VH.]
Greek
fron-
tier,
he
was
be-
sieged
by
reached
the
Historia
Ludovici,
an
Abbot
Suger),
1887.]
of
Jerusalem,
he
daughter,
abolished,
with
too
must be drawn
[2
vols.
1667],
English
by
S.
J.
Eales,
1889.
disciples; and
elocjuence;
fanatics
were
desirous
of
favour, he
false prophet, the
pope;
expatiates
on
the
would be
twenty or
Epist.
p.
247
\leg.
acies,
ut
vir
but, in
lost his
who proved his
defeat
of
the command of
could avenge
conquests
soldiers
were
taught
to
p.
250-267,
vers.
Pocock.
of
spoil,
which
Some years
living
the name of
Fatimites had
their
charac-
ter
and
palace
Justus,
vafer,
magis laudabili,
is
after
their
of Damascus,
of Arabia,
a long
and painful
secret zeal and
Dirgham the
chief of
field,^**
by
his
of
God/"*
encouraged
him
to
proceed
of
sides, yielded
Noureddin
revenue of the kingdom.^"
between
the
of his women,
the pity of the sultan of Damascus. By the command
of
green livery
the
orthodox
tradition
of
evaded them.]
identify
them
soldiers
prepared the
his
pedigree,
which
flattery
deduced
from
constrained
into Egypt;
his military
Job]
the noblest; but,
descent was only on the mother's side, and that their
ancestor
was
a
The ten thousand
of
the
free
weakness of the
ad-Din],
and
of
Hamah. To these we may add, the article of Salaheddin in the Bibliotheque
Orientale, and
[Also
transl.
life
from
 
Joinville
(p.
42,
edition
to dignify infidels
Noureddin,
strike forcibly
and the
Mahometan saints; and the constant meditation of the holy
wars
appears
to
have
shed
their lives and actions.
of
his
Arabian
prophet.
he was
Renaudot,
p.
537-548.
hero,
whom
nature
and
all
was
feeble
of
to
the
xxiid
book.
strengthened
under
the
three
were
family
was,
. . . The
would
have
been
more
than
. . .
remedy and in
was perhaps one whicli
changing;
hands
of
women.
were in
were strictly
;
onset, with
the curses
of both
of
the
Christian
the
guards.*"*
to
Damascus
to
knights
of
the
p.
322)
of
Raymond;
but,
of Raymond
latter are more distinctly
of the
was
in
vain
that
save
his
tomb
and
his
inheritance
from
Chevaliers de
expiate
in
blood,
the
his
triumph
was
not
secure;
he
listened
with
and
one
for
every
child
Instead
poor;
two
or
three
his
gratuitous
clemency
:
and final
;
Bernard Thesaurarius
Quellenbeitrage zur
by
ambition
prince and champion
Jerusalem.
ratives, and even
of
by
marquis is
actually exposed
by the
in
and
liberties
were
sultan's
view,
wear)' of
Holy Land. The
98
[leg.
qq],
p.
1122).
Balianus
eminens
years, it
the
After the
the
king
of
England
Jaffa
riches; the
national historians
p.
225);
and
who justified
Jaffa,
occupying
an
as they
The
discovery
of
ing an
monarchs
might
monk
disapproved by
the zealots
Vinsauf, though
Bishop Stubbs
(who has
edited it
cease.
The
;
to
The
Orientals
describe
his
edifying
death,
three
religions,""
or
of
The noblest monument of
the Saladine
of
the
after the
the zeal
interdict of
the fifth,
vol. iii.
by
the
pride
that
they
and
of
the
true
cross.
to
the
abuse
and
Sicily of the Imperial
last
synod of
8,
p.
1084
Mainfroy,
Paris,
p.
785).
 
and
excuses
of
he
prepared
a
that were framed to
slowness of these
Turks and
Egypt,
and
and miracles of St.
enemies of the faith
of
Louis,
portrait
princes
ities.*"^
played
their
invincible
contempt
the carrier-pigeons an-
rallied the
his
subjects:
he
was
made
all who could not redeem their
lives
by
of the
who
at
a
tender
fantry
that
it
was
possible
Louis
for
equals; they had felt
They jjroduce the great
from Egypt
on the two pillars
Nubia, Arabia, and
plied from
aid
of
sixty-six
thousand
Arabs.""
Princes
by
the
same
ii.
lettre
xv.
p.
189-208.
I
much
question
yet
and
power.
See
a
new
Digeon (tom. i.
by the council
presertim
quod
fini
 
ten
St.
John
of
Acre,
of Lusignan,
war. Whatever
might be
courage was rekindled
all sides by the
the
lot
of
sixty
thousand
Christians.
The
to
suffer
on
a
could reach the isle
loss
of
Palestine.
By
fortifications
of
;
resounded
with
Sanutus,
Acre
is
the
anonymous
Father
and
Son
seemed
to
convey
a
Spirit,
who,
instead
of
a
divine
the
Father
Latins; and the
earthquake,
hail,
wild-boar,
in the
or nonsense, by
p.
362-440).
[Tech-
nically,
Peter
which he
creed
were
decorated
with
the
zeal
of
were
justified
of
every
supported
by
the
public
demning his rival
of the East.
the
proselytes
performed
an
iery, or prison,
the throne of
was
always
prepared
to
stigmatise
the
869,
is
years
867
and
879,
which
were,
however,
equally
numerous
and
noisy;
Norman
sword
petulant epistle
Constantinople
by
the
pope's
at
least
the
obedience
of
lanimous Greeks
of
national
the
the schism
; the questions
deed,
from
the
peculiar
rancour
of
the art and
foreigners.
After
the
observes (in Scriptores
Innocent. IIL
of
Manuel
Comnenus
a
was educated
Greek en-
countered the
**
of the
policy of
successor
guilt
was
severely
;
and
some
estimate
may
be
formed
perpetual
slavery
the
loudest
and
most
active
the
sea-coast
inflicted
a
as
their
peculiar
enemies
and
compensated,
by
princes,
I
have
exhibited
the
they some-
prov-
inces
and
Thrace.
and his
of their
arms and
policy of
him-
self
i)atriarch. The
c.
14;
Xenopol,
Vlachs. The
Roumanians would
gladly believe
incident recorded
by Nicetas
of his fall was
iii. a.d. 8io, No.
establishes the fact
investigated
actual,
not
about
own
account,
against
people.
But
the
her
to
nomineller Abhangig-
keit von
Byzanz, in
bis
zum
Jahre
983:
in
with
the
Eastern
Em-
commerce, and
Heyd,
understand
the xvth century
is agreeaVjly described
acquired
galleys;
and
multitude.
The
twelfth
century
life
as
one
control
the
ad-
ministration
A.D.
1738.
[H.
Simonsfeld,
Andreas
Dandolo
und
represen-
tatives,
who
should
assemble
a
number
of
ships
During the
first
exposed
by
Hopf
(Ersch
they swore
in his
presence to
of
dis-
])layed
his
banner,
and
marched
Swabia,
Innocent
doge,^^ who
Germans
of
Fulk
of
Basil.
[Gunther
was
prior
of
Paris
expedition
should
and
for
his
own
the valet
de Constantinople,
the Greek
than
understanding
glories and
the
royal
dream of pride
astonished
(his
ambas-
the hostile
considerable,
piscatorem
abundare,
9,
p.
348.
Germans
and
Lombards.
The
either
sunk
or
taken
and Venetians
and the harbour.
a
firm
ground,
Eagle, Aquiln
83,
inhabitants,
of
whom
60,000
hastily rcj)aircd ;
basis
of
the
triangle
which
runs
about
a
diffi-
cavalry
and serjeanls,
perilous
station
attack was
that
dis-
charged
while the
and
lowering
a
of the
the value
by
their
destruction,
Dandolo
relinquished
his
advantage,
recalled
his
troops,
and
hastened
of
a
general
sally ;
but
rounded
two
Venetians,
clearly
envy
that,
while
his
own
name
was
of
Marquis
Boniface
and
was
to
attack
spread
above
a
the
Propontis,
over
the
thickest
and
palaces
that
were
to disclaim,
the name
thousand
persons,
con-
supposing it
an ancient
name. Ville-
to occupy
their
country.
Regardless
of
his
painful
their
demands,
resented
his
summons
horses,
pierced
through
the
angry
Greek
unless their
borne by
(p.
359-362
[c.
3,
4])
q2,
P-
534))
cum
of
Heaven.
In
the
eyes
of
of the
of Alexius, who
At the dead of
his
and, after tasting
Sebastocrator,
and
second
cousin
of
Mont-
ferrat,
of the cross
may be
massacred, not
had been driven
probable
of
sins;
The marquis
of Montferrat
&c. (Gunther,
c. i8).
and still more
free scope
the pillage
universal
standard
not
be
pro-
cured
for
two for a
the
sorrow of
tant gaaignie
clergy,
Greeks
These
ashes
in
by
the
After
stripping
chalices
into
drinking-cups;
their
from
left hand,
drawn
Alexio, c.
place of
St. Mark
torn. xxii.
in the twelfth century
parch-
in
the
metropolis
and,
without
may drop
a tear
over the
libraries that
have perished
per-
haps
history,
whicli
somewhat late
compiler of
Voyages, was directed by the senate of Venice to rite the
history
of
the
conquest
in
a
vi.; older
re-
public,
doge
Pliotius was edited by
i).
a
monk
who
lived
P.
George Monachus.
the Pho-
Ter-Mkrtt-
schian,
who
Sikeliotcs,
Ter-Mkrttschian
—
of
Euthymius
Zigabenus
(p.
8-9).]
1896,
treatise,
preserved
upset
vii.
p.
40
sqq.
(1898),
or
(represented by
from which
attention to two
seem to
show that the Abbot used the second revision of George the
Monk,
and
The
present
state
of
was used by
9th
Muralt's text)
pendently extracted from the original work; but it was not
the original work
from the derivative
and
this
tury,
in
own
to Bulgaria,
But
denying the
hi.siorical value
Clement
of
Bulgaria
the ulti-
of
Thonrak
with
survived
suggests the
and dual-
historical
garians
and
tongues. The
the
same
his
own
tongue,
and
cases
he
gave
the
name
of
his
which
he
made by strangers.
also (above, vol.
tribes of the Utur-
revolts
against
Heraclius, towards the
this
a
common
king;
Kurt
is
Crossing the
now reduced
above,
p.
28,
note
5).
(5)
reigned only
three years,
and was
was distinguished
city of the eastern
of
the
922.
We
have
a
good
the
Kuvrat (Kurt)
had five
Kotrag,
;
Both Kurt
and Isperich
reign
intervened
as
a
son
of
Kurt,
and
to
the
Hulgarian princes
con-
(|uerors.
follows, with the
of
Dulo;
and
;
;
Ugain
numerals
«r,
Telec under the
Baian
confusion probably
were synchronous
with part
historians corresponds
come
718-19,
supposition. We
the text
Omortag; it was en-
in der Mitte
(see
above,
vol.
viii. .\[)-
pendix,
p.
345);
Crum
trans-
ported
a
is
lx)rne
out
by
the
Bavarian
countr}-
and
none
mentioned
as
regions
that
a
of the
unfair that, when
older,
the
name
of
the
original
inventor
script.
Directly
peace was concluded,
Bulgaria might
have been
the
earlv
anliciuity
arc
two:
concerning
their
Their language
Ix-
related to the
Kumans,
time dwelled in
They
migrated
e.\i)lain
first
seven
numerals
(the
original
the
V.
»'a/a-lu
the Turkish,
zur kunde der Indogerma-
Sprachen).
Theophilus,
c.
837-39,
Empire (cp.
beyond the
have
them.selves
drove again out of
by
a
combined
the Uzes ;
they crossed
the Dnieper,
they were when they lived in Atelkuzu, and
not
to
tribe
of
the
He says
6.px(^v
of Constantine
adopted
by
the
Hungarians
(ed.
2),
iii.
438
sqq.
—
called
Ibn
Dasta.
decide between various
possibilities, it seems
unnecessary to discuss
here these hypotheses
they were
neighbours of
Turks.
Hungarian
scholars
find other traces of the Magj'ar name between the Wack Sea
and
the
Caspian:
Majar
the
connect the name of
evidence, such
name with the regions
we
Magyars
Uzes)
Ugrians
indeed
identity
with
the
the
uncertain
with
;
of the Ru.ssian
minor evidence
see Prof.
Russia
and
Scandinavia,
and the
of
the
fall;
against
the
existence
of
a
code.
to rescue
done
so,
it
is
structure of
the
book
The
Assises
de