GHSA 2010 Distraction

7/29/2019 GHSA 2010 Distraction

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a ng our n e oaEating or Drinking

ThinkingPutting on MakeupTending to Children

Talking on a CB RadioTalking to a Passenger

Talking on a PhoneUsing a Navigation SystemListening to Books on TapeManipulating a DVD Player

Texting a FriendManaging Emotions

Looking for SomethingWatching an Event

Fidgeting with ControlsTaking Your Eyes Off the RoadSinging Along to Music

Reading a MapTaking Your Mind Off the Road

Eating or DrinkingThinking

Putting on MakeupTending to Children





Fidgeting with ControlsTaking Your Eyes Off the Road

Singing Along to MusicReading a Map

Taking Your Mind Off the RoadEating or Drinking



Talking on a Phone

Using a Navigation SystemListening to Books on TapeManipulating a DVD Player






ThinkingPutting on Makeup

Tending to ChildrenTalking on a CB RadioTalking to a Passenger












Fidgeting with Controls

Taking Your Eyes Off the RoadSinging Along to Music

CurbingDiStraCteDDriving2010 Sy of SSfy Poms


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The research and writing of this publication was done byezh vm, Principal, the Vermette Group, June 2010.

Designed by Tony Frye.

th goos Hhwy Sfy assoco (gHSa) is a nonprot association representing

the highway safety ofces of states, territories, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. GHSA

provides leadership and representation for the states and territories to improve trafc safety, inuence

national policy and enhance program management. Its members are appointed by their Governors to

administer federal and state highway safety funds and implement state highway safety plans.

For more information, please visit www.ghsa.org or call (202) 789-0942.

2 C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S
http:///reader/full/www.ghsa.orghttp:///reader/full/www.ghsa.org


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CntentS

5-6 intrDuCtin

8-9 Suar ke reSultS

10-11 tHe Prble

14-17 SeCtin 1

DiStraCteD Driving

aS a Pririt in tHe StateS

18-21 SeCtin 2

Data ClleCtinertS

22-31 SeCtin 3

reaCHing ut t

nviCe DriverS

32-37 SeCtin 4

eDuCatin ertS

aCrSS tHe Cuntr

38-47 SeCtin 5

PubliC/Private CllabratinS

48-50 SeCtin 6

State laS

51-52 SeCtin 7

enrCeent

54 aPPenDix 1

nHtSa SaPle texting bill

55 aPPenDix 2

2003 aaa Surve State

Driver liCenSe anualS

56-57 aaa Del DriverSliCenSe anual SeCtin

n DiStraCteD Driving

C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g 3


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aCrn liSt

References to State Highway Safety Ofces refer to ofces in the United States,the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S territories.

CHP Children s Hospital of Philadelphia

Dt Department of Transportation

arS Fatality Analysis Reporting System

gHSa Governors Highway Safety Association

gtSC Governor s Trafc Safety Committee

uCC Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria

nCSl National Conference of State LegislatorsnetS Network of Employers for Trafc Safety

nHtSa National Highway Trafc Safety Administration

nSba National School Board Association

nSC National Safety Council

HS Ofce of Highway Safety

tS Ofce of Trafc Safety

PaCe Prevent All Crashes Everyday

SHS State Highway Safety Ofce

SHSP Strategic Highway Safety Plan

C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S4


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d o dop

ffc sfy ch dos o codod wh dscdmch w h dowh d d.Vernon F. Betkey, Jr.GHSA ChairmanDirector, Maryland Highway Safety Ofce

Driver ElectronicDevice Use in 2008,

NHTSA, Sept. 2009.

intrDuCtin

In 2000, the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration (NHTSA)held a workshop on distracted driving research. In the ten years thatfollowed, electronic devices that have the potential for distraction havechanged dramatically. Cell phone usage has increased exponentially.Texting has become a standard practice, particularly among youngpersons. MP3 players have been replaced by iPhones and similardevices. Blackberries and PDAs have become commonplace tools forthe workplace. Laptops and electronic notebooks are ubiquitous. GlobalPositioning Systems and other navigational devices have become moreaffordable, and their use is widespread. More recently, a whole spateof in-car entertainment devices have been introduced in automobiles,and many are now standard features. In short, h my mo-c d omdc dcs h h w ys o, andthe eld is developing so rapidly that it is hard to keep up.

As a result, there is more use of electronic devices while driving thanthere was ten years ago. According to NHTSA data1, ds shd hd c phos y mom hs csd

fom 4% 2002 o 6% 2008. Drivers visibly manipulatingelectronic devices (such as for texting) at any given moment has morethan doubled from .04% to 1%.

C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S 5

1


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iinnttrrDDuuCCttii

As the use of electro

nn

nic devices has changed, and as the public hasbecome more aware of the dangers associated with distracted driving,

the issue has emerged as a priority for state highway safety ofces(SHSO). Since distracted driving is an emergent issue, SHSOs haveimplemented countermeasures only relatively recently.

Distracted driving is more than just using technology when driving. Itrepresents a range of activities that impact a drivers visual, auditory,physical or cognitive abilities when driving. There have been concernsabout distracted driving since windshield wipers were introducedin cars in the early 1900s. Opponents believed that the rhythmic

movement might hypnotize the driver. The furor over distracted drivingas we know it came about with the availability and widespread use ofcell phones in America. Ten years ago, if you were behind someoneon the road who had trouble staying in their lane or swerving, youassumed they were driving drunk. Today, many people assume theyare driving distracted.

In fact, a 2009 Trafc Safety Culture Survey conducted by the AAAFoundation for Trafc Safety found that 35% of ds syd

f ss sf o h od ody h hy dd ys o.Thirty-one percent of those cited distracted driving as the reason.

The publics interest in and concern about distracted driving hascaused state legislators across the country and several national safetyorganizations to focus their efforts on distracted driving. The majorfocus of these efforts has been state-by-state legislative campaignsto mitigate distracted driving, specically cell phone use. In 2009,that effort was expanded to state-by-state campaigns to prohibit

texting while driving.

The Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) advocates acomprehensive approach to distracted driving and recently conducteda survey of its members to determine what states are doing outside oflegislation to address and mitigate distracted driving. Fifty states, D.C.,American Samoa and Guam responded to the survey.

ths s h s o yss of s comphs

ffos o p d dc dscd d. Surveyresults show that states are out on front on the issue and working ina comprehensive manner to mitigate distracted driving. A summary ofthe survey results follows. Dd ds wh s-y-sfomo c fod o ps 15 - 52.



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SeCtin 5

Dcds of pc wh d d h

h s s coss como ofdco, ffc focm, commdjdcy, d coc ffos y oc, s do docs o p d h pom.

Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood


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Dscd

D

ws s

Dcoys

wod of

h y

2009.

2MMUCC are voluntary

guidelines originallydeveloped in response to

requests by statesinterested in improving

and standardizing theirstate crash data. Byproviding states with aminimum set of data

elements, MMUCC helpsstates collect reliablecrash data, effectively

guide enforcement plan-ning, and shape sound

trafc safety policy.

Suar ke reSultSStates across the country have enacted a variety of laws designed tocombat distracted driving. However, legislation is just one prong ofa comprehensive effort to address and mitigate a trafc safety issue.GHSA supports a comprehensive approach to distracted driving thatincludes the right balance of legislation, education and enforcement.

To date, the focus on distracted driving has been on state legislation.

Less known but equally as important are efforts underway in statesto educate the public about the dangers of distracted driving and theenforcement of existing distracted driving laws.

GHSA conducted a survey in 2010 to determine state efforts inthese areas. This is the rst national review of the efforts underwayon distracted driving in the states.

Although the results show distracted driving is an emerging issue for

states, many states should be given credit for being trendsetters on thisissue. Their efforts will likely serve as best practices for other states.

A summary of the key results of the survey follows.

zDscd d hs md s poy fo S

Hhwy Sfy fcs (SHSs). Twenty-seven states,D.C. and Guam indicated that distracted driving is included intheir strategic highway safety plans (SHSPs). Seven states

indicated theyve held summits or had special task forces ondistracted driving.

zSs h mpod d coco ffos. Forty-three states and D.C. indicated that they collect data onwhether distraction was a factor in crashes on police reports.Forty-four states, D.C. and American Samoa reported theycollect information about distraction generally on the crashreports. How, oy 34 ss coc spccfomo o c pho s wh d h m

od mm ufom Csh C (uCC).2 Inseven years, the number of states collecting information aboutdistraction as a factor in crashes has more than doubled from 17in 2003 to 43 in 2010.



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Suar ke reSultS

zth s focs o ffos o dc oc ds.

Twenty-three states have created special materials on distractionfor teen drivers. Information on distracted driving is a requiredcomponent of driver education in 18 states and D.C., and it is aquestion on the drivers license test in 17 states and D.C. Thirty-two states and D.C. have distinct sections on distracted driving intheir driver license manuals. In 2003 only, ve states (Michigan,

Minnesota, New Jersey, Virginia and Wisconsin) had similarsections in their license manuals.

zth s mphss o dco ffos. Thirty-sevenstates and D.C. indicated they have public information/educationcampaigns on distracted driving. Eight states (California, Idaho,North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texasand Washington) indicated efforts to provide training or technicalassistance to the judiciary on distracted driving.

zSs s w chooy o dc mooss.

Fifteen states and D.C. reported using social networking sites likeTwitter and Facebook to promote anti-distracted driving messages.

zSs h cy pss ws o ddss

dscd d fo ys. Seven states, D.C. and theU.S. Virgin Islands have hand-held cell phone bans. Schoolbus drivers are prohibited from talking on the phone while

driving in 18 states and D.C. Novice drivers are prohibitedfrom talking and driving in 28 states and D.C. Text messagingwhile driving is banned in 28 states, D.C. and Guam, and novicedrivers are banned from texting and driving in another ninestates. School bus drivers are also banned from texting anddriving in Oklahama and Texas. Distracted driving bills havebeen introduced in 42 states this year. Please visit the GHSAwebsite at www.hs.o for up-to-date state law information.

zPc/P Pshps cs. Thirty-vestates indicated they have worked with other state agencies andprivate employers to address distracted driving. Sixteen statesand D.C. indicated they have worked with other state agenciesor private companies to develop distracted driving policies.

http:///reader/full/www.ghsa.orghttp:///reader/full/www.ghsa.org


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3Trafc Safety Facts.

An Examination of Driver Distraction as Recorded

in NHTSA Databases, September 2008.

tHe

PrbleDs h dsc cs h

c pos sos d ddy s o yo o

h od. nHtSa sms h 2008, h mos

c y fo whch d s , 5,870 pop

os h s d oh 515,000 w jd

poc pod cshs whch o fom of

dsco ws od o h csh po.3 thsms ps 16% of o moo hc

fs d 21% of jy cshs 2008.

Distracted driving crash estimates vary widely. While thesestatistics are signicant, NHTSA believes that they maybe just the tip of the iceberg and do not represent thetrue scope of the problem. Measuring driver distractionis difcult and imprecise because of the self-reporting

nature and timing of the data collection. Identication ofdistraction and determination of its role in a crash can bedifcult for police, especially if there arent any witnesses.

As t 1 shows, the proportion of fatalities associatedwith distraction increased from 12% in 2004 to 16% in2008, and fatal crashes with driver distraction increasedfrom 11% to 16% during the same time period. t 1also shows that the percentage of drivers distracted at the

time of a fatal crash has increased from 8% in 2004 to11% in 2008.

A NHTSA analysis of Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS) data shows that, in 2008, 16% of all drivers under 20in fatal crashes were reported as being distracted. This is thehighest proportion of drivers in fatal crashes. The age groupwith the next highest proportion was drivers aged 20 to 29. 1 shows fatal crash data by age of driver in 2008.


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tHe Prble

t 1 oo vhc Cshs 2004-2008Soc National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NHTSA

OVERALL CRASHES

Year Crashes Drivers Fatalities

2004 38,444 58,395 42,836

2005 39,252 59,220 43,510

2006 38,648 57,846 42,708

2007 37,435 56,019 41,259

2008 34,017 50,186 37,261

DSTRACTO RELATED CRASHES DUR SAE EROD

Year Crashes Drivers Fatalities

2004 4,409(11% of 38,444)

4,672(8% of 58,395)

4,978(12% of 42,836)

2005 4,117(10% of 39,252)

4,309(7% of 59,220)

4,572(11% of 43,510)

2006 5,323(14% of 38,648)

5,536(10% of 57,846)

5,917(11% of 42,708)

2007

5,398(14% of 37,435)

5,623(10% of 56,019)

5,988(15% of 41,259)

2008 5,331(16% of 34,017)

5,501(11% of 50,186)

5,870(16% of 37,261)

1 Pc of Dscd Ds iod Cshs y a, 2008Soc National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NHTSA

181614121086420

Under 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70 and Over

16%

12%

10% 10%9%

10%11%

pERCEnTAgE



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ow ffc sfycoc, spcy mos ... bo o h sjc h Sc Hhwy

Sfy P ows fo coo ppocho dfy sooso com h pomso w c p fh

js d dhs o hodwys s s ofdscd d.

Joe FarrowCommissioner of the California Highway atrol


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4SAFETEA-LU is

an authorization billthat governs United

States federal surfacetransportation spending.

It was signed into law

by President GeorgeW. Bush on August 10,2005 and expired as ofSeptember 30, 2009.

An extension of the lawwas passed in May by

President Obamaand runs until

December 31, 2010.

SeCtin 1

DiStraCteD DrivingaS a Pririt intHe StateS

a Sc Hhwy Sfy P (SHSP), a federalrequirement under the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, EfcientTransportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users4 (Public Law109-59; SAFETEA-LU), is a statewide-coordinated safety planthat provides a comprehensive framework for reducing highwayfatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. The SHSPestablishes statewide goals, objectives, and key emphasis areasdeveloped in consultation with federal, state, local, and privatesector safety stakeholders.

Highway safety representatives in 27 states, D.C. and Guamindicated that distracting driving has been added as a priority area

in their respective state SHSPs. See the map in 2. Themajority of states indicated that distracted driving was added as apriority in the last ve years. Three states - New York, Pennsylvaniaand Oregon - indicated that it has been a priority for more thanve years. These numbers are signicant and indicate a concertedeffort by many states to focus on distracted driving as a trafcsafety issue without formal federal guidance.

California recently added distracted driving as a new area to

its SHSP. A distracted driving committee has been set up withmembers from the Ofce of Trafc Safety (OTS), the CaliforniaHighway Patrol, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and Caltrans(the California Department of Transportation), as well as thefederal government, research, teen safety, and public awarenessorganizations. The committee will work together to dene theproblem in California and establish strategies and tactics tocombat distracted driving in the coming years.

The following eight states indicated that the legislature orGovernor has convened a task force or summit on distracteddriving: Alabama, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,Minnesota, Mississippi and Ohio.



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SeCtin 1 DiStraCteD Driving aS a Pririt in tHe StateS

2 Ss wh Dscd D h Sc Hhwy Sfy P (SHSP) l

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Guam

ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoD.C.GeorgiaGuamIdahoIndianaKentuckyLouisiana*Specic to teen drivers

MaineMarylandMichiganMinnesotaMissouri

Montana*

NevadaNew JerseyNew York

Ohio

OregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontWashington



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Alabama

Alaska

American Samoa

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

D.C.

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Guam

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Has distracteddriving been

included inthe states SHSP? If so, when?

Has yourlegislature orgovernor conveneda distracted driving

task forceand/or summit? If so, when?

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

2007

2010

2009

2007

Developed in 2009and documented inthe 2010 strategy.

2010

2010

2008

2010

At least 2008

2008

2008

2006

2009

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

December 2009

2008

The LouisianaDepartment ofTransportation (DOT)Secretary addresseddistracted driving ata statewide TrafcSafety Summit inMarch 2010.

A working group oflegislative membershas been assembledand will meetJanuary 11, 2010.



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Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Has distracteddriving beenincluded inthe states SHSP? If so, when?

Has yourlegislature orgovernor conveneda distracted drivingtask forceand/or summit? If so, when?

No

Yes

Yes (teens)

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

No

2009

Only to the extentthat it is considered

as a possiblecausation of runningoff the road.

2009 and 2010

Since 2000.

2007

1999

2005

2007

2007

2010

2006

2007

2009

2010

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

The summit was heldby the Ohio DOT.



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5

In 2011, Florida willhave new crash reportforms with a specic boxfor distracted driving and

eight codes for identifyingthe specic distraction.

SeCtin 2

Data ClleCtinertS

In 2003, according to AAA, 17 states had laws requiring thecollection of information on crashes in which distraction wasa factor. Today, highway safety representatives in 43 statesand D.C. indicated that data on distracted driving is collectedon police crash reports. In seven years, the number of states

collecting information about distraction as a factor in crashes hasmore than doubled. These increases are signicant and indicatestates growing emphasis on distracted driving.

However, only 34 collect data as a separate data elementconsistent with the distraction element outlined in MMUCC. Ofthe remaining states, a number are currently updating their crashreport forms to be consistent with the MMUCC distraction dataelement. rcy poposd fd so wod

q ss o coc hs d od o qfy fo

c fd fd. updd fomo o s

ws d o dscd d c fod www.

hs.o/hm/sfo/ws.

States collect a variety of data on distracted driving on thecrash reports, and the collection efforts are not uniform. Someefforts are extensive and include a range of distraction activities;others are not. For example, in Washington, the police accident

report includes 12 data elements related to driver distraction.In Florida, police may indicate whether distraction was acontributing factor but must explain in narrative.5

emps of dscd d d ms cocd

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19C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S


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SeCtin 2 Data ClleCtin ertS

Does your state collectinformation about thenumber of crashes in which

distraction (of any kind) is afactor in a crash?

How long have youcollected the data?

Does your state collectdata of any kind on

distracted driving crasheson the crash reports?

Alabama Yes June 2009 Yes

Alaska Yes Yes

American Samoa No Yes

Arizona No No

Arkansas Yes January 2007 Yes

California Yes More than ve years Yes

Colorado Yes July 2006 Yes

Connecticut No No

D.C. Yes 2004 Yes

Delaware Yes For a couple of years Yes

Florida Yes 2002 Yes

Georgia No Yes

Guam No No

Hawaii Yes 2008 Yes

Idaho Yes At least 13 years Yes

Illinois Yes 2002 Yes

Indiana Yes 2003 Yes

Iowa No No

Kansas Yes 2003 Yes

Kentucky Yes 2000 Yes

Louisiana Yes 2005 Yes

Maine Yes 2010 Yes

Maryland Yes 2004 Yes

Massachusetts No No

Michigan Yes 2001 Yes

Minnesota Yes 30 or 40 years Yes

Mississippi Yes Yes

Missouri Yes Yes

Montana Yes Inattention in 1995 and cellphones 2002

Yes

Nebraska Yes 2002 Yes

Nevada Yes 2004 Yes

New Hampshire No Yes

New Jersey Yes 2001 and separate eld forcell phones in 2006.

Yes



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SeCtin 2 Data ClleCtin ertS

Does your state collectinformation about thenumber of crashes in which

distraction (of any kind) is afactor in a crash?

New Mexico Yes

New York Yes 2000 Yes

North Carolina No No

North Dakota Yes Distraction as a broadcategory has been collectedfor many years. However,effective June 1, 2009,additional data elements

of distraction includingcommunication devices(cell phone, pager) andelectronic device (navigationdevice, palm pilot) wereadded to the crash report.

Yes

Ohio Yes Driver inattention has beencollected since at least 1997.

Yes

Oklahoma Yes 2007 Yes

Oregon Yes 2007 Yes

Pennsylvania Yes Prior to 1987 Yes

Rhode Island Yes 2007 Yes

South Carolina Yes For at least 20 years Yes

South Dakota Yes 2008 Yes

Tennessee Yes 2003 Yes

Texas Yes Yes

Utah Yes Since 2002. In 2006, driverdistraction was added asits own data element and

completed for every driver.

Yes

Vermont Yes Since mid-2002 Yes

Virginia Yes 2005 Yes

Washington Yes 2006 Yes

West Virginia Yes Since 1997. The informationwas separated into its owneld and greatly enhancedin 2007.

Yes

Wisconsin Yes No

Wyoming Yes The catch-all factorInattentive Driving isone of a number of driver-related possible contributingcircumstances from whichofcers can choose whencompleting the uniform trafccrash report. The reportform was last revised in the1980s.

Yes

How long have youcollected the data?

1995

Does your state collectdata of any kind on

distracted driving crasheson the crash reports?

Yes



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62009 CHOP National

Young Driver Survey.

SeCtin 3

reaCHing utt nviCe DriverS

As 3 shows, 23 states are focusing distracted driving materialson teen drivers. Why the focus on novice drivers? First, motor vehiclecrashes are the leading cause of death for teenagers in the UnitedStates. Teen drivers (between 16 and 19) are involved in fatal crashesat four times the rate of adult drivers (25 to 69), per mile driven. A

2009 NHTSA analysis of FARS data shows that 16% of all driversunder 20 in fatal crashes were reported distracted. A recent NHTSAobservational study found that the number of teen drivers using cellphones appeared to be more than all other age groups combined.

Second, there is a well-accepted body of research that demonstratesthat immaturity and inexperience behind the wheel makes teen driversmore susceptible to distractions than other drivers.

Third, a recent survey of teen drivers found that teens themselves have someserious misperceptions about the dangers of distracted driving. In 2008,the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in partnership with StateFarm Insurance Companies conducted a national survey 6of teen driversto get their viewpoints on driving. The survey identied several interestingobservations teen drivers made about driver distractions, including:

zOnly 10% correctly believe that having other teen passengersin the car makes a lot of difference to safety. Sixty-four

percent indicated they witnessed their friends driving withteen passengers always or often.

zOnly 28% correctly believe that talking on a cell phone whiledriving makes a difference to driving safety. Fifty-sevenpercent indicated that they witness their friends talking on thephone always or often.

z79% percent recognize that text messaging, playing a video

game or using some other hand held device when driving isa dangerous behavior, and only 19% witness friends textingwhen driving.

zLess than a quarter of those surveyed correctly recognizedstrong emotions like being happy or excited make a lot ofdifference to safety. Less than 50% recognized that being



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SeCtin 3 reaCHing ut t nviCe DriverS

3 Ss wh Dscd D s tt Ds d/o th Ps l

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Guam

Alaska Maryland OregonArkansas Massachusetts PennsylvaniaCalifornia Minnesota Rhode IslandColorado Missouri South CarolinaConnecticut Nevada TexasIndiana New Jersey UtahKentucky New York VirginiaMaine North Dakota

CC uu rr bb ii nn gg DD ii ss tt rr aa CC tt ee DD DD rr ii vv ii nn gg SS UU RR VV EE YY OO FF TT HH EE SS TT AA TT EE SS 23


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upset, angry or sad make a difference to safety, and 26% and20% witnessed friends acting that way when driving.

Researchers also found that parents play a key role in raisingsafe drivers and need to lead by example. If parents talk onthe phone, read a map when driving or text message, theirchildren are likely to do the same.

To address these issues, SHSOs have developed a variety of educationalmaterials and programs aimed at teen drivers, including brochures,posters, fact sheets, talking points, pledge cards, public serviceannouncements, commercials, websites, social networking sites, and

prom materials and programs. The list below includes links to severalstate websites dedicated to teens and driving distractions.

Alaskawww.youtube.com/watch?v=0sVi8UgHjz8

Arkansaswww.archildrens.org/injury_prevention/current_programs /motor-vehicle-safety/teen-safety.asp

Californiahttp://impactteendrivers.org

Coloradowww.coloradodot.info/programs/colorado-teen-drivers

Floridawww.takethewheel.net/distracted.htm

Illinoishttp://teensafedrivingillinois.org

Indianawww.in.gov/cji/3387.htm

Mainewww.maineteendrivers.org

New Jerseywww.njteendriving.com

North Dakotawww.ndteendrivers.com

Texashttp://t-driver.com

Utahhttp://dont-drive-stupid.com

Vermontwww.TurnOffTexting.com

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sVi8UgHjz8http://www.archildrens.org/injury_prevention/current_programshttp:///reader/full/http://impactteendrivers.orghttp://www.coloradodot.info/programs/colorado-teen-drivershttp://www.takethewheel.net/distracted.htmhttp:///reader/full/http://teensafedrivingillinois.orghttp://www.in.gov/cji/3387.htmhttp:///reader/full/www.maineteendrivers.orghttp:///reader/full/www.njteendriving.comhttp:///reader/full/www.ndteendrivers.comhttp:///reader/full/http://t-driver.comhttp:///reader/full/http://dont-drive-stupid.comhttp:///reader/full/www.TurnOffTexting.comhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sVi8UgHjz8http://www.archildrens.org/injury_prevention/current_programshttp:///reader/full/http://impactteendrivers.orghttp://www.coloradodot.info/programs/colorado-teen-drivershttp://www.takethewheel.net/distracted.htmhttp:///reader/full/http://teensafedrivingillinois.orghttp://www.in.gov/cji/3387.htmhttp:///reader/full/www.maineteendrivers.orghttp:///reader/full/www.njteendriving.comhttp:///reader/full/www.ndteendrivers.comhttp:///reader/full/http://t-driver.comhttp:///reader/full/http://dont-drive-stupid.comhttp:///reader/full/www.TurnOffTexting.com


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SHSOs across the country are working with a variety of organizationsand companies (automobile manufactures, cell phone manufacturers

and insurance companies) to educate teen drivers and their parentsabout the dangers of distracted driving. For example:

zThe Ford Fund and GHSA jointly developed the FordDriving Skills for Life Program in 2003. Since that time,this innovative teen driving program has traveled aroundthe country teaching teens the skills they need to be safedrivers. The program gives particular attention to driverdistraction. SHSOs in at least 30 states have partneredwith Ford and GHSA on this program. More information is

available at www.drivingskillsforlife.com .

zSince the rst edition of AT&Ts Be Sensible teen driverprogram was introduced in 2002, the comprehensiveeducational resource has been provided at no charge tothousands of teachers nationwide, who have used the materialsto educate nearly 12.5 million students about managing driverdistractions. In fact, 95 percent of the teachers who have usedthe program say they plan to use it again. The Minnesota OTS

is partnering to distribute the materials.

zThe Allstate Foundation launched a comprehensive teen safedriving program in 2005 that seeks to develop innovative,teen-informed approaches to raise awareness of the issueand, ultimately, to help save lives and reduce injuries. Theprogram includes Keep the Drive, a national teen-ledsmart driving movement that educates teens about the issue,impacts the way they think and act in the car, and empowers

them to become smart driving activists in their schools andcommunities. The Illinois SHSO has partnered with Allstatein the states very successful Operation Teen Safe Drivingprogram. For more information, visit www.KeeptheDrive.com.

zThe Cellular Telephone Industry Association and the NationalSafety Council (NSC) developed a teen-focused drivereducation program in 2009 to educate teens about thedangers of distraction. These advertisements are airing inseveral states with support from SHSOs. See http://info.

howcast.com/onroadoffphone for more information.

SHSOs also support teen efforts to promote safe driving like thoseof state Students Against Destructive Decisions chapters, NationalOrganizations for Youth Safety and others.

http:///reader/full/www.drivingskillsforlife.comhttp:///reader/full/www.KeeptheDrive.comhttp://info/http:///reader/full/www.drivingskillsforlife.comhttp:///reader/full/www.KeeptheDrive.comhttp://info/


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fo (26%) amcs of d sy hyh d wh d, dhf (48%) of s s

12 o 17 sy hy pss wh d hsd hd h wh.

Teens and Distracted Driving: ajor Findingsew Center 2009

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Virginia Tech Transportation nstitute



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S D edco Poms

Although driver education programs have been availablein the United States for 80 years, state requirements varywidely. Some states have mandatory driver educationprograms; others do not. Some states have privately runprograms; other states have publicly run programs. Today,little consensus exists on the benets of driver educationand training, what it should entail and how it should bedelivered. However, parents and teens still consider drivereducation as one of the rst steps in learning to drive, and

at least 36 states make driver education a requirement fora learners permit and/or a provisional license.

As 4 shows, information on distracted driving is arequired component of driver education in at least 18 statesand D.C. A question on distracted driving is on the driverslicense test in 17 states and D.C.

upd D lcs s

In 2003, as part of their Stay Focused, Keep Your Mind onthe Road campaign, AAA conducted a survey of state driverlicensing manuals. The survey found that ve state manualshad sections on distracted driving. Twenty state manualsmentioned using cell phones while driving, and 32 statesmentioned managing emotions when driving. Fewer than10 state manuals mentioned eating and drinking, reading

or adjusting vehicle controls when driving. As a result, AAAdeveloped a model section on driver distraction for statelicensing manuals. A copy of the model section and AAAs2003 survey can be found inappd 2, page 55.

Today, 32 states and D.C. have distinct sections in theirlicense manuals ( 5) on distraction, and another21 states discuss the dangers of at least one type ofdistraction (cell phones, texting, eating and drinking, adjusting

controls, emotions, reading maps, etc).



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4 Ss h Dscd D s rqd Compo of D edco lSs wh Dscd D s icddo h Ss D lcs ts lboh l

Guam

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Alaska l Massachusetts l Rhode Island lArkansas l Montana l Tennessee lCalifornia l Nebraska l Texas lConnecticut l New Mexico l Virginia lD.C. l New Yorkl Washington lIdaho l North Carolina l West Virginia lIllinois l Ohio l Wisconsin lMaine l Oregon lMaryland l Pennsylvania l



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Guam

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Alaska Illinois OklahomaArizona Indiana OregonArkansas Louisiana PennsylvaniaCalifornia Maryland Rhode IslandColorado Massachusetts TennesseeConnecticut Minnesota TexasD.C. Nebraska UtahDelaware New Jersey VirginiaFlorida New Mexico Washington

Hawaii New York West VirginiaIdaho North Carolina Wisconsin

C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S

5 Ss h ifomo o Dscd D

s icdd h D lcs l

29


30/60




31/60


Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Has your ofce orstate developed Is information on Is a question

distracted driving Is distracted driving distracted driving on distracted drivingmaterials targeting a required component included in included on yourteen drivers and/or of driver education your states states drivertheir parents? in your state? driver manual? license test?

Yes No No No

No Yes No No

No No Yes Yes

Yes No No No

No No No No

Yes No Yes No

No No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No No No

No Yes No No

No No Yes No

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No No No

No No No No

No No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes No

Yes No Yes No

No No No No

Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No NA No NA



32/60

uh HSs

Soc

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o 2,000

foows.

th tw

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7Creating and

Connecting.Research andGuidelines onOnline Social

and EducationalNetworking.

NSBA 2007.

SeCtin 4

eDuCatin ertSaCrSS tHe CuntrIn the 2009 Trafc Safety Culture Survey sponsored by the AAAFoundation, 40% of drivers younger than 35 (and about one inve of all drivers of all ages) admitted to texting while drivingduring the previous month. Yet, when asked specically aboutthreats to their personal safety, 87% rated drivers texting or

emailing as a very serious threat, 79% rated drivers not payingattention as a very serious threat, and 58% rated drivers talkingon cell phones as a very serious threat. People seem to beconcerned about the effect of distraction on others and may notunderstand the impact it has on their own driving.

As 6 shows, 41 states and D.C. indicated they are workingto address that issue and have conducted or are conducting publiceducation/information efforts on distracted driving.

6 also shows the 16 states and D.C. that reportedusing social networking sites to promote anti-distracted drivingmessages. Social networking sites like Facebook and Twitterallow SHSO ofces to increase support for highway safetyissues. Pennsylvania also allows visitors to link from the DriveSafe PA website to their own social networking pages.

In a 2007 survey,7the National School Board Association(NSBA) found that 96% of students with access to the Internetbuilt social networks and that 60% indicated they discussededucation related topics. Social networking sites encouragediscussion on highway safety issues and allow people to provideinput on state trafc safety programs. Social networking sitesare also extremely popular with teenagers, a target audience forSHSOs. Links to several pages can be found on page 34.



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SeCtin 4 eDuCatin ertS aCrSS tHe Cuntr

6 Ss edc h Pc ao h Dsof Dscd D us tdo hods lSs us boh nw d/Soc nwod tdo hods o edc ooss o

Dscd D l

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Guam

Alaska l(YouTube)Arizona lArkansas lCalifornia lColorado l (Twitter)D.C. lDelaware l (Twitter)Florida lGeorgia lHawaii lIdaho lIllinois lIndiana lKansas lKentucky l (Facebook and Twitter)Louisiana l

Maine lMaryland lMassachusetts l (YouTube and

Facebook)

Michigan lMinnesota l (Facebook and Twitter)Missouri l (Facebook, Twitter

and eblog)

Montana l Developing website ondistracted driving.

Nebraskal

Nevada lNew Hampshire lNew Jersey l (Facebook)New YorklNorth Carolina lNorth Dakota l (Facebook and

Twitter)

Ohio lOregon lPennsylvania l (Digg, Del.icio.us,

Stumbleupon, Furl,Facebook,Technoratiand Reddit.)

Rhode Island l (Facebook andTwitter)

South Carolina lSouth Dakota lTennessee

l(Facebook)

Texas lUtah l (Facebook and Twitter)Vermont lVirginia lWisconsin l

http:///reader/full/Del.icio.ushttp:///reader/full/Del.icio.us


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ls o SHS Soc nwo Ss

Alaska

www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdSQpK4ss

Californiawww.facebook.com/CaliforniaOTS www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=19010738932Coloradohttp://twitter.com/cdotmedia

Delawarehttp://twitter.com/DEHighwaySafe

Georgiawww.facebook.com/pages/Atlanta-A/eorgia-OHS/111346754821

Kentuckywww.facebook.com/search/?ref=search&q=cell%20 phones&init=quick#!/pages/Frankfort-KY/Kentucky-Ofce-of-Highway-Safety/66969880860?ref=search&sid=1318284403.1074961694..1Minnesotawww.facebook.com/pages/Saint-aul-/nDS_OTS-Trafc-

Safety/157662572967

Missouriwww.facebook.com/pages/Jefferson-City-O/issouri-Department-of-Transportation/34153815856www.modot.mo.gov/Twitter/index.htm

North Dakotawww.facebook.com/pages/Bismarck-D/orth-Dakota-Department-of-Transportation/88374649460?sid=b28860e438a10ce83fbce0edaef8f775&ref=search

Utahwww.facebook.com/zerofatalitieswww.facebook.com/dontdrivestupidhttp://twitter.com/zerofatalities

Eight states (California, Idaho, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, SouthDakota, Tennessee, Texas and Washington) indicated efforts toprovide training or technical assistance to the judiciary on distracted

driving. Training efforts include simply providing information onnew laws to the judiciary, presenting on new laws at legislativeconferences, and specialized training sessions for judges. Specicinformation by state can be found in the table on page 33.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmdgSQpK4sshttp://www.facebook.com/CaliforniaOTShttp://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=19010738932http://twitter.com/cdotmediahttp://twitter.com/DEHighwaySafehttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Atlanta-gA/georgia-gOHS/111346754821http://www.facebook.com/search/?ref=search&q=cell%20http://www.facebook.com/pages/Saint-paul-mn/mnDpS_OTS-Traffichttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Jefferson-City-mO/missouri-Departmenthttp://www.modot.mo.gov/Twitter/index.htmhttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Bismarck-nD/north-Dakota-Departmenthttp://www.facebook.com/zerofatalitieshttp://www.facebook.com/dontdrivestupidhttp://twitter.com/zerofatalitieshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmdgSQpK4sshttp://www.facebook.com/CaliforniaOTShttp://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=19010738932http://twitter.com/cdotmediahttp://twitter.com/DEHighwaySafehttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Atlanta-gA/georgia-gOHS/111346754821http://www.facebook.com/search/?ref=search&q=cell%20http://www.facebook.com/pages/Saint-paul-mn/mnDpS_OTS-Traffichttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Jefferson-City-mO/missouri-Departmenthttp://www.modot.mo.gov/Twitter/index.htmhttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Bismarck-nD/north-Dakota-Departmenthttp://www.facebook.com/zerofatalitieshttp://www.facebook.com/dontdrivestupidhttp://twitter.com/zerofatalities


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Alabama

Alaska

American Samoa

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

D.C.

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Guam

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Has your state takensteps to educate

the public aboutthe dangers ofdistracted driving?

Is your state usingnew media/socialnetworking sites to

educate motoristsabout distracteddriving?

Has your stateprovided training

or other assistanceto the judiciary ondistracted driving? Describe

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes (YouTube)

No

No

No

Yes

Yes (Twitter)

No

Yes

Yes (Twitter)

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes (Facebookand Twitter)

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

A member of the CaliforniaHighway Patrol serves onthe Advisory committee ofthe Judicial Council. Thisgroup provides training fornew bench ofcers.

The Honolulu PoliceDepartment provided

information to educatethe Judiciary andProsecutors Ofcebefore the law took effect.



36/60


Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania







Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N/A

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes (YouTubeand Facebook)

No


N/A

Yes (Facebook,Twitter and eblog)

No

No

No

No

Yes (Facebook)

No

No

No


No

No

No

Yes (Digg,Del.icio.us,Stumbleupon,

Furl, Facebook,Technorati,and Reddit.)

No

No

No

No

N/A

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

Yes

Training on all trafc safetylaws, including distracteddriving is provided tothe Judiciary.

Pennsylvanias network ofgrantee Community TrafcSafety Projects perform

District Justice outreachas part of the requiredactivities in their grants.Distracted driving is oneof the various trafc safetyissues touched uponduring these meetings.



37/60


Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming







Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes(Facebookand Twitter)

No

No

Yes (Facebook)

No

Yes(Facebook

and Twitter)

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

No formal training buteducational informationis provided to both

law enforcement andprosecutors.

Training is provided tomunicipal court judgewith materials developedthrough a trafc safetygrant with the NSC.

In Virginia, currentlegislation and trafcsafety laws are discussedat the Annual JudicialConference.



38/60


gHSa cs

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comps d

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SeCtin 5

PubliC/PrivateCllabratinS

GHSA encourages its members to work with other public and privateorganizations in their respective states to address highway safetyissues. Highway safety representatives in 35 states indicated theyhave worked with other state agencies or private organizations toaddress distracted driving.

SHSOs have collaborated with public and private organizations onlegislation related to distracted driving, distracted driving educationcampaigns, employer policies on distracted driving, work place videosand enforcement programs.

In Minnesota, the OTS recently announced a partnership with AT&Ton an anti-texting while driving campaign. The It Can Waitcampaignfeatures true stories and the text messages that were sent or received

before a life altering or ending crash. The campaign ads are powerfuland highlight how inconsequential text messaging can be by focusingon the last messages ever sent, such as, LOL and Where r u. TheMinnesota OTS is working with AT&T to distribute the advertisementsand produce and distribute educational materials, such as posters.

Several states have established corporate outreach programs inan effort to disseminate trafc safety material and messages toemployers. Delaware and Kentucky have added distracted driving

components to their corporate outreach programs, and those effortsare highlighted below.

In 2006, Delaware launched a unique corporate outreach program toaddress the growing need of businesses to educate their employeesabout the importance of trafc safety both on and off the clock. Theprogram has grown in size and scope over the last four years andincludes 45 partners (corporate, nonprot and state-run agencies). TheDelaware Ofce of Highway Safety (OHS) plans to include information

on distracted driving in their program later this year. DelawaresCorporate Outreach program includes:

zA monthly trafc safety e-newsletter that reaches about10,000 people every month.

zPromotional trafc safety materials that are mailed on aregular basis.


39/60

39C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S

empoys h pc ofhs pzz. bcs yo c

ch so my pop hohh mpoy d mpoysh sch sd s h hh d wf of hmpoys. ay wy hy cd mpoym pocyfo h wos s oy o

o sh o ffos pomo h hh ssssod dscd d.

Vernon F. Betkey, Jr.GHSA ChairmanDirector, Maryland Highway Safety Ofce


40/60

SeCtin 5 PubliC/Private CllabratinS

zCorporate Partners and Fleet Managers Meetings scheduledon a regular basis. The corporate partners meetings bring

safety managers together with highway safety advocatesin a roundtable format to discuss effective ways to bringthe safety message to diverse groups of employees. Twopartners meetings are held every year in the months of Marchand September. Once a year, Corporate Outreach gatherstogether the partners that administer large eets of vehiclesand drivers. Fleet administrators from both the public andprivate sector meet to discuss the unique challenges ofmaintaining the safety of large eets of vehicles and drivers.

zAn award program that recognizes outstanding efforts. At theSeptember corporate partners meeting, Corporate Outreachawards companies that have done an outstanding job workingwith OHS in outreach to their employees.

Kentuckys corporate outreach program provides materials to employersacross the state and makes speakers available on a variety of trafcsafety issues including distracted driving. The OHS provides posters and

other educational materials to employers about the dangers of drivingdistracted, provides a list of contacts available to speak to employeesabout managing distractions when driving and offers a distracted drivingsimulator that employers can use to demonstrate rst-hand the dangersof driving distracted.

The D2 Simulator has been a very popular piece of equipment ever sincethe OHS unveiled it at the 2009 Kentucky State Fair. OHS has lentthe D2 simulator to several schools and companies across the state as

a result of the demonstration at the Fair. Requests for the D2 Simulatorhave become so numerous that OHS recently ordered another one.

OHS sets the D2 Simulator up in a program called risky driving, whichputs the simulator driver in situations where their attention and reactiontime are put to the test. OHS also has the simulator driver use cellphones and text and drive to make them aware of the dangers causedby this behavior. The drivers are able to see - in a safe setting - whathappens when they talk and drive or text and drive via a replay of their

session. Typically, the vehicle crosses over the center line, runs on to theroad shoulder, and/or there is a noticeable variation in speed.

GHSA has partnered with Oprah Winfrey and Harpo Productions ona year-long effort to raise awareness about distracted driving. SHSOscontributed in multiple ways to raise visibility and encouraged the



41/60


8 Ss o wh empoys oDop Dscd D Pocs l

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Guam

Alaska Maryland OregonCalifornia Minnesota TexasD.C. Nebraska UtahDelaware Nevada VermontIdaho New Jersey VirginiaIowa North Carolina



42/60



8NETS Survey of Member

Cell Phone Policies.February 2010.

9NSC Membership

Survey Report.September 2009.

public to take Oprahs No Phone Zone pledge on April 30, 2010.For more information, visit Oprahs website at www.oph.com/

pphozo.

As 8 on page 41 shows, 16 states and D.C. indicated theyveworked with employers in their respective states to develop distracteddriving policies. New Jerseys sample employer policy is highlighted onpage 43 .

Cell phone use when driving, texting while driving and distracteddriving in general may create liability for employers under the legal

doctrine of respondeat superior. Under this doctrine, employersmay be held vicariously liable for acts their employees commitduring the course of employment.

A 2010 survey8 of 24 leading companies that operate vehicleeets, conducted by the Network of Employers for Trafc Safety(NETS), shows that 74% (16 of the 24 companies surveyed) eitherhave policies in place or are planning to implement policies that banthe use of all mobile devices while driving company vehicles. The

rules apply to both handheld and handsfree devices. Although all ofthe companies surveyed ban hand-held mobile devices, which wouldprohibit texting, most companies also have specic language in theirpolicies regarding text messaging. In many cases, the policies applywhether the driver is operating a company-owned vehicle or is usinga personal vehicle for company business.

In a 2009 survey9 of its members, the National Safety Council(NSC) found that 58% (1,163 out of 2,004 respondents) had a cell

phone policy of some kind. Of those, 469 members noted that theycompletely banned cell phone use while driving. Employee safety andpublic safety were the top two reasons given by 99% of companies.

The survey found that although most policies are enforcedthrough an honor system, 43% of companies conduct parkinglot observations and 40% use driver records and trafc citations.Almost 10% conduct in-vehicle monitoring.

Experiences with other trafc safety issues like child passenger safetyand teen driving have shown the many benets of public/privatepartnerships to solve trafc safety problems. Public/private partnershipsincrease resources dedicated to the issue, expand the reach to thetargeted audiences and ultimately the success of the project.
http:///reader/full/www.oprah.comhttp:///reader/full/www.oprah.com


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SaPle Cell PHne uSe

PliC r buSineSSeSne JerSe DiviSin HigHa traiC Saet

While operating a company-ownedvehicle and/or while in the performanceof company business and operating anyvehicle, employees shall not operate a

cell phone, electronic communicationdevice or any other electronicequipment, including hands-freedevices. This shall apply to company-owned/issued devices or ones ownedby the employee.

Employees are directed not toinitiate and/or receive calls or usethat equipment while driving exceptwhen absolutely necessary during anemergency as provided by law. f anemployee must initiate or receive a call,text message or other communication;they shall drive to a safe location and

stop the vehicle prior to activatingthe device, remaining there until thecommunication is completed.

(ote: The Department of Law andublic Safety, Division of HighwayTrafc Safety, does not endorse thisspecic policy. t is provided strictly as amodel for employers.)



44/60


Working with Has your ofce workedemployers in the with other state agenciesstate to develop or private companies todistracted policies? address distracted driving? Details

Alabama No No

Alaska Yes No

American Samoa No No

Arizona No Yes

Arkansas No Yes

The SHSO works with the ArkansasChildrens Hospital Injury Prevention Center,the University of Arkansas for MedicalSciences, the Arkansas Strategic HighwaySafety Planning Committee and others toeducate the public about the dangers ofdistracted driving.

California Yes Yes

The SHSO works in conjunction with DMV,trucking companies, trucking associations,the Department of Education and localtransportation commissions to educate thepublic. The SHSO also provides guestlectures at the Trucking, Utilities, and MotorCarrier Association Meetings.

Colorado No Yes

The SHSO has worked with the ColoradoState Patrol, high schools and state safetycoalitions. CDOT partnered with the TeenMotor Vehicle Leadership Alliance to developprint ads, radio spots and videos on thedangers of distracted driving. The winnerswere recognized by the Governor and themedia. The winning materials were distributedstate wide to media outlets on website.

D.C. Yes No

Delaware Yes Yes

Florida No Yes

Georgia No No

Guam No No

Connecticuts Governor Rell assembled aTask Force on Teen Driving issues. This

Connecticut No Yes group works with both state agencies and

private organizations. Distracted driving is oneof the major issues.

Working with AAA MidAtlantic as wellas legislators on both cell phone andcomprehensive distracted driving bills.

The DOT Safety Ofce developed a policyprohibiting texting and emailing while driving aDOT vehicle. Management determined that allstate agencies should have such a consistent

policy and that is being promoted to all stateagency heads for adoption.



45/60



Hawaii No Yes

Worked with the Honolulu Police Departmentto promote the Honolulu cell phone ordinance.Based state cell phone law on the Honoluluordinance and sought local input.

Idaho Yes Yes

Illinois No Yes

The Division of Trafc Safety at IDOT isworking with the Illinois Secretary of Stateto develop a comprehensive program on

distracted driving issues.

Indiana No Yes

Iowa Yes Yes

Kansas No Yes

Kentucky No Yes

The Governor of Kentucky signed anExecutive Order banning texting and multi-media use while state employees are drivingstate-owner vehicles.

Louisiana No No

Maine No YesThe SHSO works with AAA, NSC and otherstate agencies to educate the public aboutthe dangers of distracted driving.

Maryland Yes Yes

Michigan No Yes

Minnesota Yes Yes

The SHSO partnered with AAA on theTeen No Texting PSA contest. The OTS ispartnering with AT&T on an aggressive publicsafety campaign around the dangers of textingwhile driving including websites, billboardsand TV. Partnered with the MinnesotaDepartment of Health and the MinnesotaDepartment of Transportation to addressesthe culture of trafc safety.

Idahos SHSP Distracted Driving EmphasisArea team is working with various entities toaddress distracted driving.

The SHSO is working with the HighwayPatrol, AAA, At&T and others to promote atexting while driving ban. SHSO is workingwith the media to get the message out aboutthe dangers of distracted driving. SHSO staffalso give presentations at schools and othercommunity organizations on the dangers ofdistracted driving.

In 2009, the SHSO funded a project with theChesapeake Region Safety Council.

Massachusetts No Yes

The Highway Safety Division forged apartnership with the Safe Roads Allianceto address the issue of distracted driving,specically text messaging. Both the Cityof Boston and the Massachusetts BayTransportation Authority have implementedrestrictions on the use of cell phones byemployees. Private advanced driver trainingschools within the Commonwealth haveintegrated distracted driving into their hands-on and written curriculum.



46/60



Mississippi

Missouri No No

Montana Yes

Montana has an administrative rule thatdiscourages cell phone use in state cars.This rule has been adopted by the MontanaMunicipal Interlocal Authority and the MontanaAssociation of Counties.

Nebraska Yes Yes

The SHSO ofce partnered with the NSC

- Omaha Chapter to offer training andsuggestions on employer based policiesduring their member breakfast series.

Nevada Yes Yes

The SHSO conducts an annual PACE(Prevent All Crashes Everyday) teen drivingcompetition that includes a challenge tostudent groups (at various high schools) tocome up with a marketing campaign of teenstalking to teens about trafc safety. Lastyears competition produced the Dont DriveWhile Intexticated poster/message . PACEpartners include State Farm Insurance,Nevada school districts, the Las Vegas MotorSpeedway, and the Regional TransportationCommission of Southern Nevada.

New Hampshire No No

New Jersey Yes Yes

The Division of Highway Trafc Safety workswith the state Trafc Ofcers Association, theChiefs of Police, the N.J. State Police, the N.J.State Safety Council, the AAA Clubs of NewJersey, the N.J. Motor Vehicle Commission,NJDOT, OSHA and other groups to promoteits Hang Up, Just Drive message.

New Mexico No No

New York No Yes

The Governors Trafc Safety Committee(GTSC) was awarded a federal contract toparticipate on a Distracted Driving Pilot inSyracuse. The pilot will unite the SyracuseCity Police Department with the New YorkState Police and the Onondaga CountySheriffs Ofce to combat the distraction ofcell phone use while driving.

North Carolina Yes Yes DMV and AAA

North Dakota No Yes

In North Dakota, coalitions of state and localstakeholders have convened to developlegislation aimed at curbing distracted driving(i.e., limitations on the use of electronic

devices while driving). However, the bills havefailed before the Legislature.

Ohio No Yes

The SHSO is beginning to work with partnerson distracted driving. Initial efforts includebroadcast e-mails to trafc safety partners.Distracted driving video Distracted Drivingat What Cost is available for employers andother state agencies in the state.



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48/60

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10NCSL 2009 Trafc Safety

Legislation Summary. February 2010.

11IBID.

12Source:NCSL.

13GHSA does not

advocate handheldcell phone bans,

as there is noclear indication that

hands-free useis any safer

than handheld.

14In some states a

police ofcer may citea driver solely for usinga hand-held cell phone

when driving. Please visitwww.ghsa.org for more

information the specics ofeach law.

15GHSA supports

texting bansfor all drivers.

SeCtin 6

State laSIn the last 10 years, the increase in cell phone use has driveninterest in and legislation related to cell phones and other potentialdistractions in motor vehicles. The National Conference of StateLegislators (NCSL) reports that since 2000, lawmakers in everystate, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have consideredlegislation related to cell phones use in cars or distracted driving.10

In 2009, 46 states considered almost 200 bills on driver distraction:12 passed.11 According to NCSL, as of March 2010, 257 distracteddriving bills had been introduced in 42 states.

In 2000, three states had laws related to cell phones in cars.12Today, seven states (California, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey,New York, Oregon and Washington), D.C. and the U.S. Virgin Islandsprohibit all drivers from using hand-held cell phones while driving.13

No state completely bans all types of cell phone use (hand-held andhands-free) for all drivers, but many prohibit cell phone use by somedrivers. 9 highlights the 28 states and D.C. that ban allcell phone use by novice drivers and the 18 states and D.C. whereschool bus drivers are prohibited from all cell phone use whenpassengers are present. 14

As 10 shows, 28 states, D.C. and Guam ban textmessaging for all drivers.15 Nine other states prohibit textmessaging by novice drivers, and two restrict school bus driversfrom texting when driving. Washington State was the rst stateto enact a texting ban, in May 2007. GHSA worked with NHTSAand other allied safety groups to develop a sample texting whiledriving banning bill or states. A copy of the sample bill is includedinappd 1, on p 54.

Real time updates on distracted driving laws including cell phonebans can be found at www.hs.o/hm/sfo/ws/cpho_ws.hm.

Some states, such as Maine, New Hampshire and Utah treat cellphone use and texting as part of larger distracted driving legislation.Utah considers cell phone use to be an offense onlyif a driver is alsocommitting some other moving violation (other than speeding).

http:///reader/full/www.ghsa.orghttp:///reader/full/driving.10http:///reader/full/driving.10http:///reader/full/passed.11http:///reader/full/passed.11http:///reader/full/driving.13http:///reader/full/driving.13http:///reader/full/driving.13http:///reader/full/drivers.15http:///reader/full/drivers.15http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/lawshttp:///reader/full/www.ghsa.orghttp:///reader/full/driving.10http:///reader/full/passed.11http:///reader/full/driving.13http:///reader/full/drivers.15http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws


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SeCtin 6 State laS

boh l

Guam

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Alabama l Iowa l Oklahoma lArizona l Kansas l Oregon lArkansas l Kentucky l Rhode Island lCalifornia l Louisiana l Tennessee lColorado l Maine l Texas lConnecticut l Maryland l Vermont lD.C. l Massachusetts l Virginia lDelaware l Minnesota l Washington lGeorgia l Nebraska l West Virginia lIllinois l New Jersey lIndiana l North Carolina l

C u r b i n g D i s t r a C t e D D r i v i n g S U R V E Y O F T H E S T A T E S

9 Ss wh noc D C Pho bs lSs wh Schoo bs D C Pho bs l

49


50/60

SeCtin 6 State laS

10 Ss wh a D t ss bs lSs wh noc D t ss bs l

Guam

Alaska

D.C.

Hawaii

Alabama l Kansas l North Carolina lAlaska l Kentucky l Oklahoma lArkansas l Louisiana l Oregon lCalifornia l Maine l Rhode Island lColorado l Maryland l Tennessee lConnecticut l Michigan l Texas lD.C. l Minnesota l Utah lDelaware l Mississippi l Vermont lGeorgia l Missouri l Virginia lGuam l Nebraska l Washington lIllinois l New Hampshire l West Virginia lIndiana l New Jersey l Wisconsin lIowa l New Yorkl Wyoming l



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SeCtin 7

enrCeentDistracted driving is a relatively new issue. State and local

enforcement resources are primarily focused on impaired

driving and occupant protection efforts. Just a few states are

actively enforcing distracted driving laws. However, Connecticut,

ew Jersey and ew York have conducted or plan to conduct

model distracted driving enforcement programs. Detailed

information on these programs follows.

Cocc d nw o - nHtSa Po Poms

NHTSA awarded the Connecticut Department of Transportation andthe State of New Yorks Department of Motor Vehicles funding toconduct distracted driving enforcement programs. The pilot programswill take place in Syracuse, New York and Hartford, East Hartford andWest Hartford, Connecticut.

The distracted driving pilot programs are modeled after NHTSAsClick It or Ticket program and include high-visibility enforcement, paidand earned media and outreach. Specically, the distracted drivingpilot programs will include: 1) data collection before, during, andafter media and enforcement phases; 2) earned and paid publicityannouncing vigorous enforcement; 3) highly visible enforcement eachday of a one- to two-week enforcement period; and 4) a media eventannouncing program results.

The public education messages will build awareness about the manydistractions inside a motor vehicle and the dangers they pose. Thepilot programs will primarily focus on the use of mobile communicationdevices because cell phones are so prevalent in the United States,and cell phone use is one of the only distracted driving behaviorsenforceable by law. A new television and radio spot, posters and logowere created by NHTSA for the demonstration projects. NHTSAexpects that this will serve as a model program suitable for replicationby other states to decrease distracted driving behaviors.

Over the course of the projects, four waves of enforcement activitywill take place in both states. New York began its rst enforcementwave on April 8-17, 2010. The following waves will be conducted inJuly and October 2010 and April 2011. Connecticut began its rstenforcement wave on April 10-16, 2010. The subsequent waves willbe conducted in July and October 2010 and March 2011.



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SeCtin 7 enrCeent

nw Jsy - H up, Js D

New Jerseys wireless hand-held telephone and electroniccommunication device ban became effective in March of 2008. In2009, to educate the public about the dangers of driving distractedand step up enforcement efforts, the state launched an enforcementand education initiative called Hang Up, Just Drive. The programprovided grants of $4,000 each to 18 local police departments foridentifying and stopping motorists who they observed texting ortalking on a hand-held cell phone while driving. The enforcementwave occurred during a two-week period in March 2009, to coincide

with the rst anniversary of the primary law. Departments wereencouraged to schedule other waves throughout the spring andsummer months using their own resources.

Police ofcers were positioned both on the street and in policevehicles at various intersections to observe drivers who may beviolating the cell phone law. If a violation was observed, the vehiclewas pulled over and a citation was issued to the driver. During theMarch enforcement wave, 4,074 cell phone tickets were issued to

motorists in the participating communities. In addition to cell phone/texting citations, participating police departments also issued 387seat belt summonses and 185 speeding tickets, cited 27 motorists fordriving while intoxicated and made 32 drug-related arrests. Statewidein March 2009, police ofcers wrote 14,464 cell phone/textingcitations, an all-time high since the primary law went into effect.

As part of the New Jersey Division of Highway Trafc Safetysefforts to continue educating both residents and visitors to

New Jersey about the states primary cell phone law, the StateDepartment of Transportation will also have new signage in placeon major roadways, including those that serve as major entry pointsinto New Jersey, in time for the start of the summer travel season.The signs will alert motorists that its illegal to talk on a hand-heldcell phone or text and drive in New Jersey. A reminder to buckle up,every ride, will also be included.

Since March of 2008, more than 224,000 citations an average of

almost 10,000 a month have been issued to motorists violatingNew Jerseys law.



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aPPenDiCeS


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aPPenDix 1

natinal HigHa traiCSaet aDiniStratin (nHtSa)

SaPle texting bill 1 Sho

This act may be cited as the [State] Ban on Texting While Driving Law

2 Ppos

The purpose of this subchapter is to:(1) Improve roadway safety for all vehicle operators, passengers, bicyclists,

pedestrians, and other road users;(2) Prevent crashes related to the act of text messaging while driving a motor vehicle;

(3) Reduce injuries, death, property damage, health care costs, health insuranceand automobile insurance rates related to motor vehicle crashes; and

(4) Authorize law enforcement ofcers to stop vehicles and issue citations topersons texting while driving as a standard offense.

3 appco

Except as provided in Section 4, this subchapter applies to all drivers during operationof a motor vehicle on the travel portion of public streets, roads and highways[Option: States may elect to cover only motor vehicles in motion]. This subchapteramends [insert state code] to make it unlawful to manually type or enter multipleletters, numbers, symbols or other text in a wireless communication device, or sendor read data in the device, for the purpose of non-voice interpersonal communication,including texting, emailing and instant messaging.

4 empos

This subchapter does not apply to a driver who is:(1) A law enforcement, re service, or emergency medical services professional

performing ofcial duties.(2) Reporting an emergency, or criminal or suspicious activity to law

enforcement authorities.(3) Receiving messages related to the operation or navigation of a motor vehicle;

safety-related information including emergency, trafc, or weather alerts;data used primarily by the motor vehicle; or radio.(4) Using a device or system for navigation purposes.(5) Conducting wireless interpersonal communication that does not require manual

entry of multiple letters, numbers, or symbols or reading text messages, except toactivate, deactivate, or initiate a feature or function.

5 Ps

A driver violating this subchapter shall be subject to a penalty of:(1) For the 1st offense trafc infraction or violation including a minimum ne

of $75 and action against driving privileges.

(2) For a subsequent offense penalties should escalate in accordance withthe States motor vehicle and trafc laws.

(3) For any offense that results in a death or serious injury the infractionshould increase to a felony (criminal offense) with penalties consistentwith State sentencing guidelines.



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aPPenDix 2

2003 aaa Surve State Driver liCenSe anualS

Alabama

Alaska

Arkansas

Arizona

California

Colorado

Connecticut

District of Columbia

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

IowaKansas

Kentucky

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South DakotaTennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Sectio

non

Dist

racted

Divi

ng

CellP

hone

s

Emotio

ns

Eatin

g

andDrinkin

g

Reading

Radio,

vehicle

controls

,etc

Child

renothe

r

Passen

gers

or

conversatio

ns

COOETS OF DSTRACTED DRV ETOED



56/60

aaa Del DriverS

liCenSe SeCtin nDiStraCteD Driving

Being distracted from, or not giving your full attention to your driving, could result in

serious consequences. Anything that takes your attention away from driving can lead

you to make a poor choice when driving.

typs of Dscos

Some causes of inattentive driving are: eating, drinking, talking on a cell phone,

writing, reading, smoking, changing your CDs or radio station, looking at people

or objects outside your vehicle, looking for things inside your vehicle, talking to

passengers, dealing with children or pets, applying makeup, shaving, etc. Distractions

fall into three categories:

1. Physical Distractions that cause the driver to take his or her hands offthe wheel or eyes off the road. Examples are tuning a radio or dialing a cell

phone.

2. Intellectual Activities that take the drivers mind off the road. Examplesare having a conversation or thinking about a recent confrontation with a

co-worker or spouse.3. Combination Some activities take your hands, eyes and mind off the task

at hand. An example is reading a map while driving.

D wh Dscos

No matter what the distraction, drivers who are distracted exhibit the same basic

type of behavior. Distractions cause drivers to react more slowly to trafc conditions

or events, such as a car stopping to make a left turn or pulling out from a side road.

Drivers fail more often to recognize potential hazards such as pedestrians, bicycles or

debris in the road. They also decrease their margin of safety, leading them to take

risks they might not otherwise take, such as turning left in front of oncoming trafc.

Below are ways to minimize in-vehicle distractions:

z Pre-program your favorite radio stations for easy access and arrange tapesand CDs in an easy-to-reach spot.

z Keep your stereo at a volume low enough so you can hear things outside ofyour vehicle. If it is turned up too loud, you may not be able to hear a siren,

horn honking, screeching of tires or others things that would lead you to react

to an emergency or hazard in order to prevent a crash.

z Plan ahead to avoid bad weather or construction zones.z Designate a front-seat passenger to serve as a co-pilot, rather than fumble

with maps or navigation systems. If you are driving alone, map out destinationsin advance.

z If you cannot avoid eating and drinking while driving, make sure all food itemsare secure and drinks t securely in cup holders.

z Teach children the importance of good behavior while in a vehicle. Do not underestimate how distracting it can be to tend to them in the car.



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z Take a break if you nd yourself lost in thought while driving.z Remember to focus on driving and avoid being distracted by people or objects

outside your car.

z Do your personal grooming at home, not in the car.z Pets can be distracting and should be in a carrier.z Monitor trafc conditions before engaging in activities that could divert

attention away from driving.D wh emoos

Emotions can have a great affect on safe driving. You may not be able to drive well if

you are overly worried, excited, afraid, or depressed. Here are some tips to help you

deal with your emotions:

z If you are angry or excited, give yourself time to cool off. If necessary take ashort walk, but stay off the road until you have calmed down.

z If you are worried or upset about something, try to keep your mind on your driving. Some nd listening to the radio helps in these situations.

z If you are impatient, give yourself some extra time for your driving trip. Leavea few minutes early. If you have plenty of time, you are less likely to speed or

commit other trafc infractions, which may result in a ticket or a crash.

D wh C Phos

Cellular telephones are everywhere and in an emergency, they can be a lifesaver.

How

Documents

GHSA 2010 Distraction