Specialty Chemical Manufacturing Expertise

Since 1928

GFS ChemicalsWatermark Karl FischerReagents & OrganicHalogen Reagent

2006-2007 PRODUCT CATALOG

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TSPlease take a few minutes toreview our comprehensiveKarl Fischer product line,including pyridine-freereagents and water standards.

We’ve got the formulation tomeet your needs:• Two-Component Volumetric

Systems• Patented Non-hygroscopic

Titrants• Single Solution Volumetric

Reagents• CFC-free Coulometric

Reagents• Chloroform-free Reagents• Diaphragmless Cell

Reagents• Specialized Reagents and

Solvents as needed

Our products are made inAmerica. We make it, stock itand ship it from Columbus,Ohio. Most orders ship within24 hours of being placed. Bypurchasing directly from GFS,you save time and money.

The WATERMARK®

reagent line encompasses allKarl Fischer methodologies:

VolumetricSingle Reagents Two-Component Reagents

CoulometricVessel (anode) and Generator(cathode) reagent solutionsfor:• General Applications• Water determination in alde-hydes/ketonesDiaphragmless Vessel Solution

Experience+Innovation=GFSPyridine-Free reagentsdesigned to meet all yourneeds.

Volumetric Reagents SingleSolution MethodHigh volume users find thatthis product fits their needsperfectly. Like other singlesolutions on the market, thisoption in the WATERMARK®

Watermark®

Karl Fischer Reagents

line works with methanol andother solvents and mixturesof the customer’s choice. Weoffer you two titer strengths:5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. Justpick the one that fits yourapplications.

Two-Component ReagentProductsAre you re-calibrating yourtiter frequently? We’ve gotyour answer – a patentedpyridine-free system that usesnon-hygroscopic reagents!This system, for use in volu-metric titration, has two com-ponents:Titrant: WATERMARK® StableTitrant in 0.50 mg/ml, 1.00mg/ml, 2.00 mg/ml, and 5.00mg/ml.Solvents (Working Medium):WATERMARK® Karl FischerSolvent (methanol-based)item # 1610 andWATERMARK® Karl FischerSolvent (methanol-free) item # 1608 or #1609.

We offer the titrant with thelowest titer strength on theKarl Fischer market: 0.5 mg/ml, for samples of very

low water content – perfectfor labs that don’t have acoulometric titrator. Ourproducts maintain a titerstrength to +/- 0.05 mg/ml,thus making them the mostadvanced and stable KarlFischer reagents availabletoday!

The Big SwitchA technical advantage of oursingle solution reagent is whatwe refer to as “The BigSwitch.” WATERMARK® singlesolution reagents are typicallyused with methanol, but areformulated to work with inertand non-reactive solvents toquickly and accurately meas-ure moisture in aldehydes andketones.

Just exchange the vessel sol-vent with hexane, for exam-ple, and you’re ready to checkfor moisture in ketones. When complete, just switchback to methanol and you’reready to do your economical,routine analysis again. Thiscan be a real time and moneysaver when analysis of mois-ture in aldehydes and ketonesbecomes an issue.

Aldehyde and Ketone WorkingMedium (methanol-free) item#2994. This chloroethanol andchloroform solvent systemallows fast and very repro-ducible titrations for youraldehyde and ketone analysis.It also dissolves non-polarsamples such as oils andwaxes.

The Big Switch II (Too)“The Big Switch” can also bedone using the GFS Two-Component system. If ketoneand/or aldehyde testing is notcommonplace in your lab, itmay be more cost effective touse WATERMARK® solvent#1610 for your daily opera-tion. However, the technicaladvantage of the two-compo-nent system is to simplyexchange the solvent #1610with the WATERMARK®

methanol-free KF Solvent#1608 or #1609.

There is no need to changethe titrant because of the spe-cial formulations. It is simple,fast and unbelievably accu-rate! Why waste valuable labtime if you don’t have to?

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WATERMARK® SINGLE SOLUTION

CONVENTIONAL PYRIDINE KFR

MINUTES

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2 4 6 8

10

20

30

If you do frequent ketoneanalysis, just use our WATERMARK® KF solvent,items #1608 or #1609, whichworks for all of your samples,with or without ketones.

Coulometric ReagentsWATERMARK® Karl FischerReagents are designed for usewith most Coulometric sys-tems on the market, includingBrinkman, PhotoVolt, Mettler,Mitsubishi, KEM, CSC, Orionand Fisher. They are speciallyformulated to provide the ulti-mate in analytical performance.

The WATERMARK® KarlFischer system was the firstCoulometric reagent on themarket with a Vessel (Anode)reagent solution that also per-formed as a Generator(Cathode) reagent solution. A special Generator solution(Item #1613) is available forPhotoVolt analyzers but can be utilized in most of theinstruments available on themarket today. An alternative“universal” generator solution(Item #2321) is also available.

We also offer coulometricreagents for the analysis ofketones and aldehydes.

WATERMARK® Coulometricreagents also have anextremely high water capacity.This capacity is in excess of1000 mg of water/100 mlcharge. To our knowledge,this is the highest watercapacity available.

A Better Buffer SolutionWhy mix your own buffersolution if you don’t have to!WATERMARK® Buffer solutionis more than a buffer solution.It is a complete Karl Fischersolvent that contains sulfurdioxide along with the buffer-ing agents so it can be useddirectly in the titration vessel.You won’t need to go throughthe hassle of mixing the bufferwith a solvent in order to useit. This is a great time-saverthat also increases the consis-tency of your analysis, and itcan be used with either theSingle Solution or the Two-Component systems.

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Water Standards inAmpoulesVolumetric and CoulometricWater Standards are availablein standard 5 ml ampoules. Inorder to maintain a very sta-ble water content over time,our standards are packagedunder ultra high purity Argongas. Each standard packagecontains 10 ampoules.Current concentrations forthe WATERMARK® WaterStandard line are:

All standards come with a cer-tificate of analysis containingactual analytical results attime of packaging. We alsocustom-manufacture stan-dards for applications requir-ing other water content.

Bottle AdapterFor those labs that are using aEuropean-based instrument,but have American smallmouth bottles, GFS offers abottle adapter for its pyridine-free Karl Fischer product line.This adapter allows the tech-nician to “convert” a small-mouth American-style one-liter bottle into a 45mmmouth European-style bottle.

Adapters similar to this prod-uct are available from some ofthe European instrument man-ufacturers (Mettler andBrinkman); however, many ofthese adapters are made ofplastic that is not compatiblewith the WATERMARK®

Product line. The GFS adapteris made from virgin high-den-sity polyethylene and, while itmay discolor over time, it willnot decompose like manyother plastics when exposedto the WATERMARK® solventmatrix. The adapter comeswith a set of stock #78551 gas-ket rings (Item #1625) toassure a tight fit from bottleto bottle.

Pyridine-Based Karl FischerReagentsWe also manufacture a line ofPyridine-based reagents forcustomers who prefer theclassic Karl Fischer formula-tions.

All of these items make theWATERMARK® product lineone of themost com-prehensiveon the market.

New Product DevelopmentGFS Chemicals, Inc. continuesto keep an eye toward futuredevelopment work. Over theyears, GFS has introducedsuch products as reagents foruse in Diaphragmless Cellsand environmentally responsi-ble reagents without chloro-form or CFC’s.

GFS provides you with thenewest and most advancedKarl Fischer formulations foryour water determinationapplications. Our develop-ment of new products forboth volumetric and coulo-metric Karl Fischer titrationsis ongoing. Among our neweritems you will find:• A new Vessel solution for

use in crude oil applica-tions, GFS Item # 5202

• A wider selection of solvents, each one designedfor a specific application; for example:

> KF Solvent for Oils (two-component system), GFS Item # 2991

• KF Volumetric Solvent forOils (one-component system), GFS Item # 2978

• A CFC-free coulometric vessel solution

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0.05 mg/g 1.0 mg/g 0.1 mg/ml0.1 mg/g 5.0 mg/g 1.0 mg/ml0.5 mg/g 10.0 mg/g 5.0 mg/ml

PackagingAll GFS Karl Fischer productsthat were previously availablein a one-liter size are alsoavailable in the one-liter45mm European Bottle. Thisbottle readily adapts toMettler and Brinkman KarlFischer titrator instruments.These instruments are pro-duced in Europe and, as such,are designed to allow the cus-tomer to attach the bottledirectly to the instrument.This means the customer nolonger has to “transfer” thereagent from the small-mouthAmerican bottle into the larg-er-mouth European counter-part. This saves the techni-cian time and helps maintainproduct integrity by minimiz-ing the product exposure toair and moisture, which canaffect reagent performance.Please Note: The BottleAdapter described previouslycan also meet this need.

Karl Fischer BookGFS Chemicals, Inc. offers abooklet on Karl Fischer mois-ture measurement. Dr. AlfredSchilt, retired Professor ofAnalytical Chemistry,Northern Illinois University,prepared the first edition ofthis concise monograph. Thenewly released second editionhas been expanded to

address new methodologyand recent references, andcovers the following points ofinterest:• Fundamentals of Karl

Fischer methodologies• Karl Fischer reagent types

and preparations• Standardization• Stability and Storage• Safety

• Titration methods andequipment

• A broad range of applications

• WATERMARK® Pyridine-freeKarl Fischer reagent options

GFS published the booklet forall levels of technicians. Manyreference materials on thissubject can be overly lengthyand profusely detailed. Ourgoal was simple: create a tech-nical manual that is easy tounderstand and use.

GFS Chemicals Volumetricand Coulometric Reagentsfor Karl Fischer TitrationFor a complete listing of theWATERMARK® product line,please refer to the accompa-nying pages. If you shouldrequire a special reagent,please don’t hesitate to callus. GFS Chemicals is constant-ly developing new products toadapt to the needs of the marketplace.

In addition, we can providecase quantities or alternativesizes for large volume users.Your feedback to our KarlFischer Product Line Manageris always welcome.

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1625 KF BOTTLE ADAPTER 3851615 KF BUFFER SOLUTION 3851612 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-FREE 3851613 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION 3852321 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, UNIVERSAL 3851611 KF COULOMETRIC REAGENT PACKAGE 3852319 KF COULOMETRIC REAGENT PACKAGE II 3861619 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, FOR KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 3861863 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, FOR KETONES AND ALDEHYDES 3861671 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, DIAPHRAGMLESS, CHLOROFORM-FREE 3861614 KF COULOMETRIC NEUTRALIZING SOLUTION 3861622 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-BASED 3861623 KF COULOMETRIC GENERATOR SOLUTION, PYRIDINE-BASED 3865202 KF COULOMETRIC VESSEL SOLUTION, for OILS 3861621 KF DILUENT 3871600 KF REAGENT, PYRIDINE-FREE SINGLE SOLUTION, 5 mg/ml 3871601 KF REAGENT, PYRIDINE-FREE SINGLE SOLUTION, 2 mg/ml 3871620 KF REAGENT, 5 mg/ml, STABILIZED, PYRIDINE-BASED 3872994 KF SOLVENT, for ALDEHYDES AND KETONES 3871608 KF SOLVENT, METHANOL-FREE 3871609 KF SOLVENT, METHANOL-FREE 3882978 KF SOLVENT FOR OILS, for ONE-COMPONENT SYSTEM 3882991 KF SOLVENT FOR OILS, for TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEM 3881610 KF SOLVENT, GENERAL PURPOSE 3883569 KF SOLVENT, METHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS 3881604 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 5 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 3881603 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 2 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 3881602 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 1 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 3891970 KF TITRANT, STABLE, 0.5 mg/ml, NON-HYGROSCOPIC 3891616 KF TITRANT, APPROXIMATELY 5 mg/ml 389501 KF TITRATION BOOK, 2nd EDITION 3892311 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.05 mg/g (50 ppm) 3892301 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.10 mg/g 3893493 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.50 mg/g 3892302 KF WATER STANDARD, 1.0 mg/g 3892304 KF WATER STANDARD, 5.0 mg/g 3892303 KF WATER STANDARD, 10.0 mg/g 3892196 KF WATER STANDARD, 0.10 mg/ml 3901618 KF WATER STANDARD, 1.0 mg/ml 3901617 KF WATER STANDARD, 5.0 mg/ml 3902385 POTASSIUM CITRATE, KF WATER STANDARD 499805 SODIUM TARTRATE, DIHYDRATE, REAGENT (ACS) 570

WATERMARK KARL FISCHER INDEXITEM # DESCRIPTION PAGE #

WE HONOR

Sodium Biphenyl,the Problem-

Solving Reagent

Statement of the ProblemQuantitative isolation oforganically bonded halide as aprerequisite for classicalpotentiometric determinationrequires extraction of thehalide from an organic medi-um into a water-soluble ionicform. The GFS OrganicHalogen Reagent (Item# 5005)does this effectively and rap-idly for samples that can bedissolved in an inert solvent,

such as toluene or ether. (seewww.gfschemicals.com for lit-erature references)

Reagent CharacteristicsGFS Organic Halogen Reagentis a viscous, dark blue solu-tion of sodium biphenyl com-plex in diethylene glycoldiethyl ether (ethyl diglyme).The product has a limitedshelf life, losing strength dur-ing storage at a rate of about3-10% per month. Packagesare marked with a projectedexpiration date, although thereagent may be used as longas it continues to give a darkblue, black, or green color

when added to the sample.Diminished strength can becompensated for by increas-ing the amount of reagentused.

GFS schedules the productionof OHR (Organic HalogenReagent) according to antici-pated customer use; we makespecial effort to provide sin-gle-lot shipments of largerorders whenever possible.The reagent should be storedin a cool place but not refrig-erated. Cold storage, whichmay include shipping duringwinter months, can result inpartial crystallization of thereagent that can then adhereto the surface of the plasticbottles in which it is pack-aged. Usually this conditioncan be detected by carefulobservation and solid materi-als often can be re-dissolvedby carefully shaking the bottlethat has been warmed toroom temperature or slightlyabove. Instruction on the useand disposal of the reagentaccompanies each packageshipped.

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Typical ProcedureMeasure sample into a clean,dry separatory funnel.Dissolve solid or small sam-ples in a halogen-free, anhy-drous inert solvent such astoluene, ethyl diglyme, orTHF. Empty one vial of OHRinto the funnel, stopper, andmix. Retention of the dark blue, black or green colorindicates sufficient activereagent is present. If the color quickly fades, addadditional OHR. After twominutes, extract with water ordilute nitric acid. The extract-ed halides, completely con-verted to ionic forms, can be determined by convention-al analytical methods.

AdvantagesRapid – analysis can usuallybe made in 30 minutes or less.Safe/Convenient – Avoids haz-ard and bother of preparingsodium biphenyl in the labo-ratory. No need for combus-tion apparatus or pressurevessels.Versatile – applicable to awide range of organic materi-als: pesticides, hydrocarbons,polymers, medicinals, sol-vents, naphtha and petrol,etc. Works with solids, liquids,and gases. Low Blanks – engineered forthe production of low-halogencontent OHR.Economical – saves time andeliminates the need for extra-neous equipment.Wide-range – accommodatesall halides, including fluoride,microgram traces or macroquantities.

Packaging and ShippingThe proper DOT shippingname: Combustible liquid,n.o.s.; normal shipment is viacommon carrier ground, airshipments possible uponrequest. Package units consistof 20 x 15ml plastic vials perbox. Teflon liners are not tobe used in the storage orpackaging of OHR. The entirecontents of a vial should beused in any analytical proce-dure in order to minimizedeterioration of the productby exposure to air and moisture.

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Item# SKU Description Package Unit Comment5005 54101 OHR (Sodium Biphenyl Solution) 20 x 15 ml Multi-case discounts available2347 74991 Toluene (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1 L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L2348 72961 Tetrahydrofuran (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1 L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L2346 33781 Ethyl Diglyme (halogen 0.1 ppm max) 1 L Also available:6x1L, 4L, 4x4L2349 29991 Colorimetric Chloride reagent set

consists of:Ferric Nitrate Sol’n 20% Fe(NO3)3 500 mlMercuric Thiocyanate in CH3OH Hg(SCN)2 500 ml Save 10% when you buy the set!Chloride Standard, 1000 ppm Chloride 100 ml

GFS Reagents for OHR Analysis

Prices and TermsTerms of sale are net 30 dayswith established credit, FOBour plant in Columbus, Ohio.Unless otherwise instructed,freight charges will be eitherprepaid and invoiced to thecustomer or COD at the dis-cretion of the Company. Wereserve the right to makeprice changes without formalnotice. GFS is proud to offerthe following credit cardoptions for your convenience:Visa, Mastercard, AmericanExpress.

Conditions GFS products are sold formanufacturing or laboratoryuse only and are not intendedor certified for direct use infood, drug or cosmetic appli-cations. GFS Chemicalsassumes no responsibilityconnected with the use of ourproducts or the informationprinted in our publications. Inno case is the purchase of ourproducts to be taken as alicense to violate or infringeupon any patent.

GFS Chemicals Terms of Service

GFS WarrantyGFS products are warrantedto conform, on the date ofshipment, to the GFS specifi-cations in effect at the time ofproduct manufacture. TheGFS warranty obligation islimited to either replacementof non-conforming product orthe refund of the purchaseprice. GFS products are notcertified for or intended fordirect use in food, drug, orcosmetic applications. Anyother warranties, express orimplied, that assume mer-chantability or fitness for aparticular purpose are dis-claimed. Under no circum-stances shall GFS Chemicals,Inc. be liable for indirect, sec-ondary, or consequential dam-ages of any nature, includingwithout limitation loss of prof-its or business interruption.

Limitation on GFS Product Use, Warranties and LiabilityUnless otherwise specificallycertified in writing by GFSChemicals, Inc. (GFS), GFSproducts are not intended,approved or authorized forhuman or animal consump-tion nor for use in any food,drug or cosmetic applications.GFS products are warrantedto meet our specifications asset forth in the GFS LotAnalysis or other Company lit-erature specifically relatingthereto only. By acceptingGFS's products, Customeragrees to the limitations setforth herein, assumes allresponsibility for the properuse of such products in accor-dance with these limitations,and agrees to indemnify,defend and hold harmless GFSfrom and against any and allclaims, suits and/or liability inthe event such products areused in a manner contrary tothese limitations. GFS HERE-BY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALLWARRANTIES, LIABILITYAND/OR RESPONSIBILITY INCONNECTION WITH ANY USEOR APPLICATION OF ITSPRODUCTS IN A MANNERCONTRARY TO THE LIMITA-TIONS SET FORTH HEREIN.

ANY USE OR APPLICATION OFGFS PRODUCTS IN A MANNERCONTRARY TO THESE LIMI-TATIONS SHALL BE AT THEUSER'S SOLE RISK, ANDSHALL RELIEVE GFS OF ALLWARRANTIES, LIABILITY ANDRESPONSIBILITY WITHRESPECT THERETO. These limitations may not bemodified, affected or super-seded by Customer, nor byany language, term or provi-sion contained in Customer'spurchase order, confirmationor other correspondence orcommunication.

Full Warranty andLimitations Statement atwww.gfschemicals.com/Terms.asp

TSCA Compliance GFS makes a concerted effortto foster customer awarenessof the limitations placed, byregulation, on the use ofresearch chemicals. GFS prod-ucts that are not listed on theToxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) are to be used only forR&D purposes, by qualifiedtechnicians capable of under-standing and communicatingtheir respective hazards.

International Orders Unless otherwise agreed to inwriting by GFS, all internation-al orders are shipped FOBColumbus, Ohio USA - GFSplant basis INCOTERMS 2000.Payment terms are set uponacceptance of order. Letter ofCredit method is acceptablefor orders in the amount of$5,000 and above with GFSinstructions. The freight for-warder and bank utilized forLC shipments will be that ofGFS Chemicals. All pricesshown are in U.S. dollars.Payment in U.S. funds, by wiretransfer or check drawn on aU.S. bank.

Safety: Material Safety Data Sheets We offer MSDS information onall of the products that wesell. An MSDS accompanies allshipments when leaving ourfacility. If for any reason youshould need a second copy,we will be happy to fax one toyou or you can retrieve onefrom our website atwww.GFSChemicals.com

Transportation and ShippingFor your information and easeof ordering, we have includedDOT hazard information onour entire line of chemicals.All products in this catalogmay be shipped by commer-cial freight. Limitations onpackage size and quantitymay be restricted by the carri-er and hazard fees may apply.Some products (Hazard Class6.1) can be shipped by somecarriers only when containedin a special poison pack.There will be an extra chargefor this service.

Return Goods No return shipments will beaccepted without our priorpermission and instructionsbeing obtained. If an error ismade in placing or filling yourorder, please advise uspromptly so that we may takeproper action. No returngoods or claims will beallowed beyond 60 days.Orders for items not listed inthis catalog or that have spec-ifications not printed in thiscatalog are considered spe-cial/custom orders and shallbe processed by GFS on take-or-pay terms. A 25% restockcharge may apply to non-custom orders.

Ordering InformationCustomer Service Representatives andTechnical Support are available Mondaythrough Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.Eastern Time. Orders may be placed by mail,phone, fax, e-mail or on our web site. Everyorder receives an order confirmation sent via fax or e-mail that includes items ordered,pricing, shipping method, and estimated shipping date.

By Mail: GFS CHEMICALS, INC.Sales & AdministrationPO Box 245Powell, OH 43065

By Phone: 800-858-9682 (U.S. and Canada)(740) 881-5501 (International)

By Fax: (740) 881-5989

By E-mail: sales@gfschemicals.com

On the Web: www.gfschemicals.comwww.gfsinternational.com

Opening an accountGFS Customer Service Representatives will be glad to help you open an account. For details call: 1-800-858-9682.

(740) 881-5501 (International)Additional Terms and conditions on page 112

Notice: GFS products are not certified orintended for direct use in food, drug, or cos-metic applications; they are warranted to meetour specifications as given in GFS Lot Analysisor other Company literature. Determination ofmaterial suitability and/or merchantability forpurposes beyond these specifications is theresponsibility of the end user. WE HONOR