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Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and the Turning Point of the WarBy James, Nicholas, Jamie, and Ryan.
In 1863, no one was winning
• The south was being defensive.
• They wanted the war to end.
• The North wasn’t getting tired of fighting.
• The war was being fought on Southern soil.
Winfield ScottUnion General
Winfield Scott
• Born in Virginia, but loyal to the Union.
• Felt the war was wrong, and wanted as little bloodshed as possible.
• Came up with “The Anaconda Plan”
The Anaconda Plan
The Anaconda Plan
• Military strategy thought of by Gen. Scott.
• The plan aimed to cause economic stress in the South.
• Thought to be the safest way to end the war.
• Controlled shipment and trade in the South.
• To control shipment and trade, they had to control the Mississippi.
Battle of Vicksburg
Vicksburg• Vicksburg was a fortress city.
• It was well fortified.
• Vicksburg was an important Confederate Base.
• Many confederate troops were at Vicksburg.
• Vicksburg dominated the last Confederate controlled part of the Mississippi river.
• Union invaded for “The Anaconda Plan”
Ulysses S. GrantMajor General in the Union Army
Battle of Vicksburg
• If General Grant could capture Vicksburg, the Union would control the Mississippi.
• General Grant took 35,000 union troops to besiege Vicksburg.
John C. PembertonLt. General, CSA
Battle of Vicksburg
• More than three quarters of Pemberton’s army at Vicksburg had been lost in other battles.
• He expected General Joseph E. Johnston to rescue Vicksburg, but Johnston didn’t.
Battle of Vicksburg
• Pemberton had only 18,500 soldiers, competing against Grant’s 35,000.
• Pemberton’s army had the advantage of the terrain and fortifications around Vicksburg.
First Battle, May 19th, 1863
• General Grant attacked Vicksburg.
• Pemberton’s army was ready and used their fortifications well.
• Union moral was low. They had nearly 1000 casualties, 157 of which were deaths.
• Only 8 Confederates died.
Second Battle, May 22nd, 1863
• Grant attacked again on May 22nd.
• He didn’t want a long siege.
• This time, he got reinforcements.
• The Union army had over 3,000 casualties, while the Confederates had under 500.
Siege of Vicksburg
• Instead of another battle, Grant decided to besiege Vicksburg instead.
• Union troops built trenches around the confederate territory.
• The confederates were trapped.
• A month later, on July 3rd, 1863, Pemberton surrendered.
The South took a big hit
• The South took a big hit from the loss of Vicksburg.
• The North wasn’t being hurt at all. In fact, the Union now controlled the Mississippi.
• The only way to win, was to convince the North that they were losing more than they were gaining from fighting.
General Robert E. LeeGeneral-in-Chief of all Confederate Armies
Robert E. Lee wanted to attack the North• He knew that he couldn’t keep the north away
from the south forever.
• He wanted to invade the North.
• Lee wanted to win a big battle on Union soil.
• If the north hurt, they would want to stop the war, and leave the South alone.
• Union attention away from Vicksburg
• His plan was to attack at Gettysburg.
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Gettysburg
• Gettysburg is a town in Pennsylvania.
• Pennsylvania is a northern state.
• Robert E. Lee hoped to turn the tides by winning Gettysburg.
• Second major battle fought on Union soil.
• Robert E. Lee attacks Gettysburg to try and get attention away from Vicksburg.
General George Meade
George Meade
● George Meade was a General officer of the Union Army.
● He led the United States Army in the Battle of Gettysburg.
● Gen. Meade led the Army of the Potomac in Pennsylvania
● Meade’s Inspirational leadership led the Union to win at Gettysburg.
Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
• Gettysburg was a huge battle, ending with over 51,000 either dead, wounded, or missing.
• Second major battle fought on Union soil.
• Turning point in the war.
• Union victory.
• It was the bloodiest battle in the war
What happened after Gettysburg
• A cemetery was built on the battlefield as a final resting place for Union soldiers.
• Confederate soldiers were shipped off to different areas of the South to be buried.
• A large ceremony was put in order to consecrate the battlefield.
• Poets, speakers, and President Lincoln were called in to speak for a ceremony.
Confederacy is Losing• The Confederates was completely ensnared
by the Anaconda Plan.
• No control over the Mississippi river, making shipment along it impossible.
• Huge confederate casualties.
• Embarrassing for the Confederates, making it impossible for other help from other countries.
• Confederacy lost its way into the Union.
The Turning Point of the War, 1863
• The confederacy was split along the Mississippi river.
• They couldn’t ship supplies and goods.
• The north had repelled Lee’s invasion.
• The south had no way to win.