Getting Started Using Adams Car Driveline MDR3

1Getting Started Using Adams/Driveline

Adams/Car - Driveline ModuleGetting Started Using Adams/DrivelineThis chapter includes the following sections:

• Configuring Adams/Driveline

• Starting Adams/Driveline Standard Interface

• Starting Adams/Driveline Template Builder

Getting Started Using Adams/Driveline

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Configuring Adams/Driveline If you want to simulate assemblies with a comparably high number of degrees of freedom or modeling elements, before you start Adams/Driveline, you may have to enable Adams/Driveline to run larger models.

If the available memory is not sufficient during a session, Adams/Solver, the analysis Driveline, prompts you to increase a certain array size. To do so, you must first exit the session after saving your assembly, including the subsystems.

To set the memory size on Windows: 1. From the Start menu, point to Programs, point to MSC.Software, point to MD Adams R3, and

then select Adams - Settings. 2. From the treeview on the left side, double-click AView.3. Select Preferences.4. Click the memSize row and set the option menu to huge.5. Select Apply.6. From the treeview on the left, double-click ASolver to expand it, and then select Preferences.7. Click the memSize row, and then set the pull-down menu to huge. 8. Select OK.

To set the memory size on UNIX: 1. At the command prompt, enter the command to start the Adams Toolbar, and then press Enter.

The standard command is adamsmdx, where x is the version number, for example adamsmdr3.The Adams Toolbar appears.

2. From the Adams Toolbar, right-click the Solver tool , and then select Change Adams/Solver Settings.

3. Click the memSize row and set the option menu to huge. 4. Select OK. 5. From the Adams Toolbar, right-click the View tool , and then select Change Adams/View

Settings. 6. Click the memSize row and set the option menu to huge. 7. Select OK.


Starting Adams/Driveline Standard Interface

In the UNIX environment, you start Adams/Car from the Adams Toolbar. In the Windows environment, you start Adams/Car from the Start button. For more information, see the online help for Running and Configuring Adams (from the online help window, use the navigation list on the left to select Running and Configuring).

To start in the Windows environment:1. From the Start menu, point to Programs, point to MSC.Software, point to MD Adams R3,

point to ADriveline, and then select Adams - Driveline.The Welcome dialog box appears on top of the Adams/Driveline main window.

2. Do one of the following: • If the Welcome dialog box contains the options Standard Interface and Template Builder,

select Standard Interface, and then select OK.• If the Welcome dialog box does not contain any options, then Adams/Driveline is already

configured to run in standard-interface mode. Select OK.The Adams/Driveline Standard Interface appears.

The Adams/Driveline Standard Interface window appears as shown in Figure 1. Familiarize yourself with the Adams/Driveline window and read the tips in Familiarizing Yourself with Adams/Driveline.

Figure 1 Adams/Driveline Standard Interface

Note: Before you start Adams/Driveline, set the Adams/View and Adams/Solver memory to huge, as explained in Configuring Adams/Driveline.


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To start in the UNIX environment:1. At the command prompt, enter the command to start the Adams Toolbar, and then press Enter.

The standard command that MSC.Software provides is adamsmdx, where x is the version number, for example adamsmdr3.The Adams Toolbar appears.

2. Select the Adams/Driveline tool .The Welcome dialog box appears on top of the Adams/Driveline main window.

3. Do one of the following:

Menu bar

Status bar

View triad

Main shortcut menu


• If the Welcome dialog box contains the options Standard Interface and Template Builder, select Standard Interface, and then select OK.

• If the Welcome dialog box does not contain any options, then Adams/Driveline is already configured to run in standard-interface mode. Select OK.The Adams/Driveline Standard Interface appears.

The Adams/Driveline Standard Interface window appears as shown above. Familiarize yourself with the Adams/Driveline window and read the tips in Familiarizing Yourself with Adams/Driveline.


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Starting Adams/Driveline Template BuilderBefore you start Adams/Driveline Template Builder:

• Make sure that your private configuration file, .acar.cfg, shows that you can work in expert user mode. Your private configuration file is located in your home directory.

• Before you start Adams/Driveline, set the Adams/View and Adams/Solver memory to huge, as explained in Configuring Adams/Driveline.

To check the user mode:1. In a text editor, such as jot or notepad, open .acar.cfg.2. Make sure that the following line appears as shown:

ENVIRONMENT MDI_ACAR_USERMODE expert

To start Adams/Driveline Template Builder on Windows:1. From the Start menu, point to Programs, point to MSC.Software, point to MD Adams R3, point

to ADriveline, and then select Adams - Driveline.The Welcome dialog box appears on top of the Adams/Driveline main window.

2. Select Template Builder.3. Select OK.

The Adams/Driveline Template Builder window appears as shown in Figure 2. Familiarize yourself with the Adams/Driveline window and read the tips in Familiarizing Yourself with Adams/Driveline.

Figure 2 Adams/Driveline Template Builder


To start Adams/Driveline Template Builder on UNIX:1. At the command prompt, enter the command to start the Adams Toolbar, and then press Enter.

The standard command that MSC.Software provides is adamsmdx, where x is the version number, for example adamsmdr3.The Adams Toolbar appears.

2. Click the Adams/Driveline icon .The Welcome dialog box appears on top of the Adams/Driveline main window.

3. Select Template Builder.4. Select OK.

Menus grayed out because you don’t have a template yet

Window title bar

Menu bar

Status bar

View triadMain shortcut menu


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The Adams/Driveline Template Builder window appears as shown in the figure above. Familiarize yourself with the Adams/Driveline window and read the tips in Familiarizing Yourself with Adams/Driveline.


Switching Between Interface ModesOnce you have started Adams/Driveline in the Standard Interface or Template Builder modes, you can easily switch between them.

To switch between modes:• In Standard Interface: From the Tools menu, select Adams/Driveline Template Builder.• In Template Builder: From the Tools menu, select Adams/Driveline Standard Interface.


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Familiarizing Yourself with Adams/DrivelineAs you familiarize yourself with Adams/Driveline, note the following:

• You use the menu along the top of the window to execute commands and display dialog boxes. Notice that some menus are shaded in grey. This indicates that you cannot execute these commands because you do not have a subsystem open. When you open a subsystem, these menus change to black, indicating that you can execute the commands.

• You can use the main shortcut menu to execute simple commands, such as rotating views, zooming, and fitting assemblies in the main window. To display the main shortcut menu, right-click in the main window, away from any entities.

• Instead of manually entering text in boxes that require database objects, you can have Adams/Driveline automatically do this task for you. To do this, right-click the text box of interest, and then do one of the following:• Point to Hardpoint (or the entity of interest), and then select Pick. On the screen, place the

cursor on top of the hardpoint. When the color of the hardpoint changes, click the left mouse button to select that hardpoint.

• Point to Hardpoint (or the entity of interest), and then select Guesses. From the pop-up menu that appears, select the entity name you want to use.

• Point to Hardpoint (or the entity of interest), and then select Browse. Adams/Driveline displays the Database Navigator, which contains a list of entities, hardpoints in this case. Double-click the entity name you want to use.


Plotting ResultsWhen you’re ready to review the results of your analyses, you can display the post-processing tool and view the results of the simulations you performed.

To plot results:1. While in Adams/Driveline Standard Interface, from the Review menu, select Postprocessing

Window, or press F8.Adams/Driveline launches Adams/PostProcessor, a post-processing tool that lets you view the results of simulations you performed. For more information about Adams/PostProcessor, see the Adams/PostProcessor online help.

2. To return to Adams/Driveline, select the Return to Modeling Environment tool or press F8.


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11Driveline Template Tutorial

Driveline Template Tutorial


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OverviewIn this tutorial, you create a driveline template for an all-wheel-drive (AWD) transmission.

The tutorial includes the following sections:

• What You Will Create and Analyze

• Creating a Template

• Creating the Front Differential

• Creating the Limited Slip Differential

• Creating Propshaft Parts

• Creating the Rear Differential

• Creating Pinion Geometry

• Creating the Differential Housing

• Creating the Slip Yoke Part and Connections

• Creating the Driveline-Chassis Connection

• Creating the Dyno

• Saving the Template

• Enhancing the Template

• Performing Adams/Driveline Analyses

This tutorial takes about two hours to complete.


What You Will Create and AnalyzeYou create a front differential, propshafts, and a rear differential. Between the front and rear differential, you create a viscous coupling to allow torque transfer between the front and rear axle, whenever the front wheel loses traction. Both the front and rear differential will have the option of the limited slip differential to allow torque transfer between the left and right wheel.

On the front differential housing, you will apply a dyno element to deliver torque to the model.

Figure 3 shows the all-wheel-drive driveline template. Note that we turned the icon visibility off and turned the shading on.

Figure 1 AWD Driveline Template


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Creating a TemplateYou must create a template in which to build a driveline. You should assign driveline as the major role for your template. A major role defines the function the template serves for the vehicle.

To create a template:1. Start Adams/Driveline Standard Interface, just as you did in Starting Adams/Driveline Template

Builder.2. From the File menu, select New. 3. In the Template Name text box, enter AWD_transmission.4. Set Major Role to driveline.5. Select OK.

Adams/Driveline displays a gravity icon in the middle of the window. If you don’t see a gravity icon, display the main pop-up menu by right-clicking the main window, and selecting Toggle Icon Visibility. You can also toggle the icon visibility on and off by putting the cursor in the main window and typing a lowercase v.


Creating the Front DifferentialBefore you can create the front differential, you must create a single hardpoint to locate the front differential, and a construction frame with the z-axis along the differential rotating axis. You then create the front differential and reduce the size of the icons so you can better see the differential.

To create a hardpoint:1. From the Build menu, point to Hardpoint, and then select New.2. In the Hardpoint Name text box, enter front_diff_ref.3. Set Type to single.4. In the Location text box, enter 0, 0, 0.5. Select OK.

To create a construction frame:1. From the Build menu, point to Construction Frame, and then select New.2. In the Construction Frame text box, enter front_diff_ref.3. Set Type to single.4. Verify that Location Dependency is set to Delta location from coordinate.5. Right-click the Coordinate Reference text box, point to Coordinate Reference, point to

Guesses, and then select hps_front_diff_ref.6. Note the following default settings:• Location: 0, 0, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: User entered values• Orientation using: Euler Angles7. In the Euler Angles text box, enter 0, 90, 0.8. Select OK.

To create the differential:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to COMPLEX COMPONENTS, and then select

Entire Differential Unit.2. In the Differential Center Reference text box, enter cfs_front_diff_ref.3. Note the following default settings:

• Differential Name: front• Side Gear Radius: 40• Pinion Gear Radius: 30• Ring Gear Outer Radius: 120


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• Ring Gear Inner Radius: 604. For the rest of the options, set the following specifications:

• Ring Gear Offset: -50• Ring Gear Geometry: Hypoid• Mass: 10• Ixx: 1e4• Iyy: 1e4• Izz: 1e4

5. Select OK.

To reduce the size of the icons:1. From the Settings menu, select Icons.2. In the New Size text box, enter 15.3. Select OK.

To change the magnification of your assembly:1. With the cursor in the center of the main window, type a lowercase z.2. Hold down the left mouse button, and do either of the following:

• To enlarge the display of the assembly, or zoom in, move the cursor up.• To shrink the display of the assembly, or zoom out, move the cursor down.

3. To exit zoom mode, release the mouse button.


Creating the Limited Slip DifferentialYou can now create the limited slip differential on the front differential. The limited slip differential behavior is defined using a torque that senses the difference in angular velocity between the left and right wheels and transfers the torque according to a characteristic specified in a property file.

To create the limited slip differential:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Limited Slip Differential, and then select New.2. In the Limited Slip Differential Name text box, enter front_lsd.3. Right-click the text boxes and select Guesses or Browse to find the appropriate options:

• First Gear Part: gel_side_gear_front• Second Gear Part: ger_side_gear_front• Differential Case Part: ges_diff_case_front• First Coordinate Reference: cfl_side_gear_front• Second Coordinate Reference: cfr_side_gear_front

4. Verify that Type is set to Viscous.5. Right-click the Property File text box, point Search, point to

<adriveline_shared>/differentials.tbl, and then double-click viscous_coupling.dif.6. Select OK.


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Creating Propshaft PartsYou can now define hardpoints and construction frames for all other points in the driveline. You then create the propshaft parts.

After you create the front propshaft parts, you connect them with spring components to take into account their torsional elasticity. Those components allow you to specify a stiffness and damping coefficient.

Lastly, you connect the rear propshaft parts with a viscous-coupling component. This component works whenever there is a difference in angular velocity between the input and the output shaft. In this case, it transfers torque to the rear axle according to a characteristic stored in a property file.

To create hardpoints:1. Create the first hardpoint:

• Hardpoint Name: propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Type: single• Location: 120, 0, 0

2. Select Apply.3. Create the second hardpoint using the same specifications used for the first hardpoint, except for:

• Hardpoint Name: propshaft_intermediate• Location: 1200, 0, -50

4. Select Apply.5. Create the third hardpoint using the same specifications used for the second hardpoint, except for:

• Hardpoint Name: propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Location: 2400, 0, -200

6. Select OK.

To create construction frames:1. Create the first construction frame:

• Construction Frame: mid_front_propshaft• Type: single• Location Dependency: Centered between coordinates• Centered between: Two Coordinates• Coordinate Reference #1: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Coordinate Reference #2: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Orientation Dependency: Orient axis along line• Coordinate Reference #1: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Coordinate Reference #2: hps_propshaft_intermediate


2. Select Apply.3. Create the second construction frame using the same specifications used for the first construction

frame, except for:• Construction Frame: mid_rear_propshaft• Coordinate Reference #1: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear (enter the same

reference for both location and orientation)4. Select OK.

To create propshaft parts:1. From the Build menu, point to Parts, point General Part, and then select Wizard.2. Create the first propshaft:

• General Part Name: front_propshaft_1• Type: single• Geometry Type: Link• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Radius: 20• Color: blue

3. Select Apply.4. Create the second propshaft using the same specifications used for the first propshaft, except for:

• General Part Name: front_propshaft_2• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Color: red

5. Select Apply.6. Create the third propshaft using the same specifications used for the second propshaft, except for:

• General Part Name: rear_propshaft_1• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_rear_propshaft• Color: blue

7. Select Apply.8. Create the fourth propshaft using the same specifications used for the third propshaft, except for:

• General Part Name: rear_propshaft_2• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Color: red

9. Select OK.


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To define propshaft elasticity:10. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Torsion Spring, and then select New.11. Define the elasticity:

• Torsion Spring Name: front_propshaft_elasticity• I Part: ges_front_propshaft_1• J Part: ges_front_propshaft_2• Construction Frame: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• Spring Type: Linear• Damping: 1e3• Stiffness: 1e7

12. Select OK.

To create viscous coupling:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Viscous Coupling, and then select New.2. Define the viscous coupling:

• Viscous Coupling Name:rear_viscous_coupling• I Part: ges_rear_propshaft_1• J Part: ges_rear_propshaft_2• Construction Frame: cfs_mid_rear_propshaft • Property File: mdids://adriveline_shared/differentials.tbl/viscous_coupling.dif

3. Select OK.


Creating the Rear DifferentialBefore you can create the rear differential, you must create a hardpoint to locate the rear differential, and a construction frame with the z-axis along the differential rotating axis.

To create a hardpoint:1. Create a hardpoint:

• Hardpoint Name: rear_diff_ref• Type: single• Location: 2520.0, 0.0, -200.0

2. Select OK.

To create a construction frame:1. Create a construction frame:

• Construction Frame: rear_diff_ref• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: hps_rear_diff_ref• Location: 0, 0, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: User entered values• Euler Angles: 0, 90, 0

2. Select OK.

To create the differential:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to COMPLEX COMPONENTS, and then select

Entire Differential Unit.2. Create the differential:

• Differential Center Reference:cfs_rear_diff_ref• Differential Name (suffix): rear• Side Gear Radius: 40• Pinion Gear Radius: 30• Ring Gear Outer Radius: 120• Ring Gear Inner Radius: 60• Ring Gear Offset: 50• Ring Gear Geometry: Hypoid


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• Mass: 10• Ixx: 1e4• Iyy: 1e4• Izz: 1e4

3. Select OK.


Creating Pinion GeometryYou now create construction frames at the end of the front and rear propshafts. Adams/Driveline uses these construction frames to create geometry for the pinion and joints between the propshafts and the chassis.

To create the construction frames:1. Create a construction frame for the front pinion:

• Construction Frame: propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Location: 0, 0, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: Orient axis along line• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Axis: Z

2. Select Apply.3. Create a construction frame for the rear pinion using the same specifications used for the

construction frame for the front pinion, except for:• Construction Frame: propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Coordinate Reference: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_rear_propshaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear

4. Select OK.

To create geometry for the front and rear pinions:1. From the Build menu, point to Geometry, point to Frustum, and then select New.2. Create the front frustum:

• Frustum Name: front_pinion• General Part: ges_front_propshaft_1• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Method: scaled off variable• Pitch Radius PV: pvs_ring_gear_offset_front• Pitch/Top Ratio: 0.9


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• Length: 40• Color: dark gray

3. Clear the selection of Calculate Mass Properties of General Part.4. Select Apply.5. Create the rear frustum using the same specifications used for the front frustum, except for:

• Frustum Name: rear_pinion• General Part: ges_rear_propshaft_2• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Pitch Radius PV: pvs_ring_gear_offset_rear

6. Select OK.

Save your work:1. From the File menu, select Save.2. If you’ve already performed a save operation, click Yes to create a backup.


Creating the Differential Housing

Creating the Differential Housing and ConnectionsYou now create a mount part for the chassis part. During the assembly process, the chassis part replaces the mount part. If there is no chassis part, Adams/Driveline replaces the mount part with the part GROUND.

Then, you create a general part for the front- and rear-differential housing. You connect the part to the differential case with a revolute joint and to the body with rubber mounts.

Next, you create a connection, using a revolute joint, between the pinions and the differential housing.

Lastly, you create connections between:

• Front ring gear and pinion• Pinion and rear ring gear

To create a mount part:1. From the Build menu, point to Parts, point to Mount, and then select New.2. In the Mount Name text box, enter body.3. In the Coordinate Reference text box, enter hps_front_diff_ref.4. Set From Minor Role to any.5. Select OK.

To create a general part:1. From the Build menu, point to Parts, point to General Part, and then select New.2. Create the front housing:

• General Part: front_diff_housing• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_front_diff_ref• Location: 0, 0, 0 • Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_front_diff_ref• Orientation: 0, 0, 0• Mass: 1• Ixx: 1• Iyy: 1


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• Izz: 13. Select Apply.4. Create the rear housing using the same specifications used for the front housing, except for:

• General Part: rear_diff_housing• Coordinate Reference: hps_rear_diff_ref• Construction Frame: cfs_rear_diff_ref

5. Select OK.

To create the case-housing connections:1. From the Build menu, point to Attachments, point to Joint, and then select New.2. Create the front joint:

• Joint Name: front_diff_to_housing• I Part: ges_diff_case_front• J Part: ges_front_diff_housing• Type: single• Joint Type: revolute• Active: always• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_front_diff_ref• Location: 0, 0, 0• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_front_diff_ref• Location: 0, 0, 0

3. Select Apply.4. Create the rear joint using the same specifications used for the front joint, except for:

• Joint Name: rear_diff_to_housing• I Part: ges_diff_case_rear• J Part: ges_rear_diff_housing• Coordinate Reference: cfs_rear_diff_ref• Construction Frame: cfs_rear_diff_ref

5. Select Apply.

To create the pinion-housing connections:1. Create the front joint:

• Joint Name: front_pinion_to_housing


• I Part: ges_front_propshaft_1• J Part: ges_front_diff_housing• Type: single• Joint Type: revolute• Active: always• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Location: 0, 0, 0• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_front• Location: 0, 0, 0

2. Select Apply.3. Create the rear joint using the same specifications used for the front joint, except for:

• Joint Name: rear_pinion_to_housing• I part: ges_rear_propshaft_2• J Part: ges_rear_diff_housing• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_to_diffcase_rear

4. Select OK.

To create the gear-pinion connections:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Kinematic Gear, and then select New.2. Create the front reduction gear:

• Reduction Gear Name: front_ringgear_pinion• Input Joint Type: Kinematic Joint• Input Joint: josrev_front_pinion_to_housing• Output Joint Type: Kinematic Joint• Output Joint: josrev_front_diff_to_housing• Method: explicit• Ratio: 4• Active: always

3. Select Apply.4. Create the rear reduction gear using the same specifications used for the front reduction gear,

except for:• Reduction Gear Name: rear_ringgear_pinion


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• Input Joint: josrev_rear_pinion_to_housing• Output Joint: josrev_rear_diff_to_housing

5. Select OK.6. Save your work.

Creating Differential Housing Geometry and MountsIn this section, you create the geometry and mounts for the front- and rear-differential housing.

For the front differential housing, you first create a hardpoint for each differential mount, and then use these hardpoints to build links, that define geometry and bushings between the differential housing and the mount part for chassis. The bushing elements simulate rubber mounts between the differential housing and the chassis part.

To create hardpoints to locate the front-differential housing:1. Create the first hardpoint:

• Hardpoint Name: front_diff_housing_mount_1• Type: single• Location: 150.0, -100.0, 0.0


• Hardpoint Name: front_diff_housing_mount_2• Location: 150.0, 100.0, 0.0

4. Select Apply.5. Create the third hardpoint using the same specifications used for the first hardpoint, except for:

• Hardpoint Name: front_diff_housing_mount_3• Location: -200.0, 0.0, 0.0

6. Select OK.

To create links:1. From the Build menu, point to Geometry, point to Link, and then select New.2. Create the first link:

• Link Name: link_1• General Part: ges_front_diff_housing• Coordinate Reference # 1: hps_front_diff_housing_mount_1 • Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_front_diff_housing_mount_2 • Radius: 15


• Color: yellow3. Select Apply.4. Create the second link using the same specifications used for the first link, except for:

• Link Name: link_2• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_front_diff_housing_mount_3

5. Select Apply.6. Create the third link using the same specifications used for the second link, except for:

• Link Name: link_3• Coordinate Reference # 1: hps_front_diff_housing_mount_3 • Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_front_diff_housing_mount_2

7. Select OK.

To create bushings:1. From the Build menu, point to Attachments, point to Bushing, and then select New.2. Create the first bushing:

• Bushing Name: front_diff_housing_1• I Part: ges_front_diff_housing• J Part: mts_Body• Type: single• Inactive: never• Preload: 0, 0, 0• TPreload: 0, 0, 0• Offset: 0, 0, 0• Roffset: 0, 0, 0• Geometry Length: 20• Geometry Radius: 30• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference:hps_front_diff_housing_mount_1• Location: 0, 0, 0• Orientation Dependency: User entered value• Euler Angles: 0, 0, 0

3. Select Apply.4. Create the second bushing using the same specifications used for the first bushing, except for:

• Bushing Name: front_diff_housing_2


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• Coordinate Reference:hps_front_diff_housing_mount_25. Select Apply.6. Create the third bushing using the same specifications used for the second bushing, except for:

• Bushing Name: front_diff_housing_3• Coordinate Reference:hps_front_diff_housing_mount_3

7. Select OK.Now you do the same for the rear differential housing, creating the hardpoints, the geometry and the mounts.

To create hardpoints to locate the rear-differential housing:1. Create the first hardpoint:

• Hardpoint Name: rear_diff_housing_mount_1• Type: single• Location: 2650.0, -100.0, -200.0


• Hardpoint Name: rear_diff_housing_mount_2• Location: 2650.0, 100.0, -200.0

4. Select Apply.5. Create the third hardpoint using the same specifications used for the first hardpoint, except for:

• Hardpoint Name: rear_diff_housing_mount_3• Location: 2300.0, 0.0, -200.0

6. Select OK.

To create links:1. Create the first link:

• Link Name: link_1• General Part: ges_rear_diff_housing• Coordinate Reference # 1: hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_1 • Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_2 • Radius: 15• Color: yellow

2. Select Apply.3. Create the second link using the same specifications used for the first link, except for:

• Link Name: link_2


• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_3 4. Select Apply.5. Create the third link using the same specifications used for the second link, except for:

• Link Name: link_3• Coordinate Reference # 1: hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_3 • Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_2

6. Select OK.

To create bushings:1. Create the first bushing:

• Bushing Name: rear_diff_housing_1• I Part: ges_rear_diff_housing• J Part: mts_Body• Type: single• Inactive: never• Preload: 0, 0, 0• TPreload: 0, 0, 0• Offset: 0, 0, 0• Roffset: 0, 0, 0• Geometry Length: 20• Geometry Radius: 30• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference:hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_1• Location: 0, 0, 0• Orientation Dependency: User entered value• Euler Angles: 0, 0, 0

2. Select Apply.3. Create the second bushing using the same specifications used for the first bushing, except for:

• Bushing Name: rear_diff_housing_2• Coordinate Reference:hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_2

4. Select Apply.5. Create the third bushing using the same specifications used for the second bushing, except for:

• Bushing Name: rear_diff_housing_3• Coordinate Reference:hps_rear_diff_housing_mount_3


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Creating the Slip Yoke Part and ConnectionsYou create the slip yoke part and connect it to the front and rear propshaft.

You first create a construction frame located at the end of the front propshaft and pointing rearwards. Then, you create connections between the slip yoke and the front and rear propshaft parts. You also create a constant velocity joint between the slip yoke and the front propshaft, and a translational joint between the slip yoke and the rear propshaft.

To create a construction frame:1. Create the construction frame:

• Construction Frame: propshaft_intermediate• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Location: 0,0,0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: Orient axis to point• Coordinate Reference: cfs_mid_rear_propshaft• Axis: Z

2. Select OK.

To build the yoke slip part:1. From the Build menu, point to Parts, point to General Part, and then select New.2. Create the yoke slip part:

• General Part: slip_yoke• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Location: 0,0,0• Location Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Orientation: 0,0,0• Mass: 1• Ixx: 1• Iyy: 1• Izz: 1


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3. Select OK.

To build the yoke slip geometry:1. From the Build menu, point to Geometry, point to Cylinder, and then select New.2. Create the yoke slip geometry:

• Cylinder Name: slip_yoke• General Part: ges_slip_yoke• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Radius: 50• Length In Positive Z: 60• Length In Negative Z: 0• Color: dark gray

3. Select OK.

To create the joints:1. Create the first joint:

• Joint Name: slipyoke_to_front_propshaft• I Part: ges_slip_yoke• J Part: ges_front_propshaft_2• Type: single• Joint Type: convel• Active: always• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Location: 0,0,0• I-Part Axis: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• J-Part Axis: cfs_mid_rear_propshaft

2. Select Apply.3. Create the second joint using the same specifications used for the first joint, except for:

• Joint Name: slipyoke_to_rear_propshaft• J Part: ges_rear_propshaft_1• Joint Type: translational• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Orientation: 0,0,0




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Creating the Driveline-Chassis ConnectionTo define the connection between the driveline and the chassis, you must create several components.

Creating a General PartYou now create a general part for the support bearing and all the connections needed to attach the driveline to the chassis template.

To create a general part:1. Create the general part:

• General Part: support_bearing• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Location: 0,0,0• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_intermediate• Orientation: 0,0,0• Mass: 1• Ixx: 1• Iyy: 1• Izz: 1

2. Select OK.

Creating a Mount PartCreate a mount part to be used as the J part during the creation of a bushing element between the support_bearing part and the chassis. During the assembly process, the chassis subsystem will replace this part.

To create a mount part:1. Create the mount part:

• Mount Name: propshaft_support_to_body• Coordinate Reference: hps_propshaft_intermediate• From Minor Role: any

2. Select OK.


Creating Driveline ConnectionsYou first create a construction frame to locate the bushing and the connection between the support bearing part and the front propshaft. Then you create a bushing between the support bearing part and the mount part for the chassis. Lastly, you create an inline joint between the support bearing and the front propshaft.

To create the construction frame:1. Create the construction frame:

• Construction Frame: propshaft_support_to_bearing• Type: single• Location Dependency: Located on a line• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Relative Location (%): 50• Orientation Dependency: Orient to zpoint-xpoint• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_mid_front_propshaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: hps_propshaft_intermediate• Axes: ZX

2. Select OK.

To create the bushing:1. Create the bushing:

• Bushing Name: support_bearing• I Part: ges_support_bearing• J Part: mts_propshaft_support_to_body • Type: single• Inactive: never• Preload: 0, 0, 0• TPreload: 0, 0, 0• Offset: 0, 0, 0• Roffset: 0, 0, 0• Geometry Length: 20• Geometry Radius: 30• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_support_to_bearing


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• Location: 0, 0, 0• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_support_to_bearing• Orientation: 0, 0, 0

2. Select OK.

To create the joint:1. Create the joint:

• Joint Name: support_bearing_to_propshaft_front• I Part: ges_support_bearing• J Part: ges_front_propshaft_2• Type: single• Joint Type: inline• Active: always• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_propshaft_support_to_bearing• Location: 0, 0, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_propshaft_support_to_bearing• Orientation: 0, 0, 0



Creating the DynoNow that the template is finished, you can create the dyno element that will deliver a torque to the driveline model. Create the dyno between the front-differential case and the differential housing.

Because the dyno can deliver either a torque or a rotational motion, you can use this template inside a full-vehicle assembly without an engine and a gearbox.

To create the dyno:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Dyno, and then select New.

Adams/Driveline checks to see if you have two communicators that it must use to exchange information with the test rig. If it doesn't find them, it displays a message asking if you want to create them. These communicators allow you to get values from the test rig for the throttle signal and the engine torque signal. When prompted, select Yes to create those communicators.

2. Create the dyno:• Dyno Name: driveline_input• I Attachment Part: ges_diff_case_front• I Coordinate Reference: cfs_front_diff_ref• Dyno Type: Torque• cellheadwhite Type: Throttle Demand• Engine Map File: mdids://adriveline_shared/powertrains.tbl/V12_engine_map.pwr

• Direction: Clockwise• Active: On• Geometry Scaling: 8

3. Select OK.


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Saving the TemplateYou can now save the template so you can later refer to it.

To save the template:1. From the File menu, select Save As.2. Verify that File Format is set to Binary.3. Select OK.


Enhancing the TemplateYou can enhance your template by:

• Creating a viscous limited slip differential on the rear differential (from the Driveline Components menu, point to Limited Slip Differential, and then select New).

• Replacing the front propshaft with a flexible one using Adams BEAM elements (from the Driveline Components menu, point to Flexible Shaft, and then select New).


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Performing Adams/Driveline AnalysesYou can now perform any of the driveline tests that are available in Adams/Driveline Standard Interface.

43Gearbox Tutorial

Gearbox Tutorial


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OverviewIn this tutorial, you create an entire gearbox model.

The tutorial includes the following sections:

• What You Will Create

• Creating a Template

• Creating the Input Shaft

• Creating the Output Shaft

• Creating the Gears

• Creating Bearing Connections

• Creating the Dyno

This tutorial takes about one hour to complete.

Note: We assume that you go through the tutorials in sequential order. If you did not complete the previous tutorial, you may have to reference it for some of the basic concepts.

45Gearbox Tutorial

What You Will CreateTo create an entire gearbox model, you must create input and output shafts, and all the gears with backlash. You connect the input and output shafts to the gearbox with bearing elements. You then apply a dyno element to deliver torque to the model.

Your finished template should like this:

Figure 1 Gearbox Template


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47Gearbox Tutorial


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Creating a Template

Start Adams/Driveline Template Builder, just as you did in Starting Adams/Driveline Template Builder. Then, create a gearbox template.

To create a template:1. Create a template with the following specifications:

• Template Name: gearbox• Major Role: driveline

2. Select OK.

Note: Before you start Adams/Driveline, set the Adams/View and Adams/Solver memory to huge, as explained in Configuring Adams/Driveline.

49Gearbox Tutorial

Creating the Input ShaftBefore you create the general part for the input shaft, you must create a single hardpoint to locate the input shaft, followed by two construction frames:

• A construction frame with the same location as the hardpoint and with the z-axis pointing to the rolling axis of the input shaft.

• Another construction frame at the end of the input shaft and with the z-axis pointing to the previous construction frame.

For a review of creating hardpoints, construction frames, and general parts, see Creating Propshaft Parts.

To create the hardpoint:1. Create a hardpoint with the following specifications:

• Hardpoint Name: input_shaft• Type: single• Location: 0, 0, 0

2. Select OK.

To create the construction frames:1. Create the first construction frame:

• Construction Frame: input_shaft• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: hps_input_shaft• Location: 0, 0, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: User entered values• Orient using: Euler Angles• Euler Angles: 0, -90, 0


frame, except for:• Construction Frame: input_shaft_end• Coordinate Reference: cfs_input_shaft• Location: 0, 0, 200• Orientation Dependency: Orient axis to point• Coordinate Reference: cfs_input_shaft


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• Axis: Z4. Select OK.

To create the input shaft general part:1. Use the General Part Wizard to create the input shaft general part:

• General Part Name: input_shaft• Type: single• Geometry Type: Link• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_input_shaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: cfs_input_shaft_end• Radius: 10• Color: dark gray

2. Select OK.

51Gearbox Tutorial

Creating the Output ShaftYou now create the output shaft. You first create two construction frames to locate the output shaft and then you create a general part for the output shaft.

To create the construction frames:1. Create the first construction frame:

• Construction Frame: output_shaft• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_input_shaft• Location: -100, 80, 0• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_input_shaft• Orientation: 0, 0, 0


frame, except for:• Construction Frame: output_shaft_end• Coordinate Reference: cfs_output_shaft• Location: 0, 0, 200• Orientation Dependency: Orient axis to point• Coordinate Reference: cfs_output_shaft• Axis: Z

4. Select OK.

To create the output shaft general part:1. Use the General Part Wizard to create the output shaft general part with the following

specifications:• General Part Name: output_shaft• Type: single• Geometry Type: Link• Coordinate Reference # 1: cfs_output_shaft• Coordinate Reference # 2: cfs_output_shaft_end• Radius: 10


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• Color: blue2. Select OK.

53Gearbox Tutorial

Creating the GearsYou can now create all the construction frames to locate each gear. For each gear, you will create one construction frame on each shaft. You use these construction frames to create gear pairs. Then you create a general part for each gear. You create gears with a fixed diameter (for example, 30 mm). Adams/Driveline automatically parameterizes this diameter when you create the gear pairs.

To create the construction frames:1. Create the first construction frame for the input shaft:

• Construction Frame: input_gear1• Type: single• Location Dependency: Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference: cfs_input_shaft• Location: 0, 0, 20• Location in: local• Orientation Dependency: Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame: cfs_input_shaft• Orientation: 0, 0, 0

2. Select Apply.3. Create more construction frames for the input shaft using the same specifications used for the first

construction frame, except for:

4. Create the first construction frame for the output shaft using the same specifications used for the last construction frame, except for:• Construction Frame: output_gear1• Coordinate Reference: cfs_output_shaft• Location: 0, 0, 20• Construction Frame: cfs_output_shaft

5. Select Apply.

Construction Frame: Location:input_gear2 0, 0, 40input_gear3 0, 0, 80input_gear4 0, 0, 130input_gear5 0, 0, 170


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6. Create more construction frames for the output shaft using the same specifications used for the construction frame you created in Step 4, except for:

To create a general part for each gear:1. Use the General Part Wizard to create a general part for the first input gear:

• General Part Name: input_gear1• Type: single• Geometry Type: Gear• Construction Frame: cfs_input_gear1• Method: by entering size• Top Radius: 30• Pitch Radius: 30• Length: 5• Shaft: scaled off link• Link: gralin_input_shaft• Color: red

2. Select Apply.3. Create general parts for all the other input gears, using the same specifications used for the first

input gear, except for:

4. Create a general part for the first output gear using the same specifications used for the last input gear, except for:• General Part Name: output_gear1• Construction Frame: cfs_output_gear1

Construction Frame: Location:output_gear2 0, 0, 40output_gear3 0, 0, 80output_gear4 0, 0, 130output_gear5 0, 0, 170

General Part Name: Construction Frame: Color:input_gear2 cfs_input_gear2 greeninput_gear3 cfs_input_gear3 magentainput_gear4 cfs_input_gear4 cyaninput_gear5 cfs_input_gear5 skyblue

55Gearbox Tutorial

• Link: gralin_output_shaft• Color: red

5. Select Apply.6. Create general parts all the other output gears, using the same specifications used for the first

output gear, except for:

To create the gear pairs:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Gear Pair, and then select New.2. Create the first gear pair:

• Gear Pair Name: gear1• Input Shaft: ges_input_shaft• Output Shaft: ges_output_shaft• Input Reference Frame: cfs_input_gear1• Output Reference Frame: cfs_output_gear1• Gear Number: 1• Configuration: Input Gear to Shaft• Backlash: 0.0 deg• Contact Stiffness: 1e7• Contact Damping: 1e3• Sharpness Factor: 1e4• Invert output direction from input direction: selected• Reduction Ratio Method: explicit• Ratio: 4• Input Gear: gragea_input_gear1• Output Gear: gragea_output_gear1

3. Select Apply.4. To create the rest of the gear pairs, repeat Steps 2 and 3, using the same specifications used for

the first gear pair, except for:

General Part Name: Construction Frame: Color:output_gear2 cfs_output_gear2 greenoutput_gear3 cfs_output_gear3 magentaoutput_gear4 cfs_output_gear4 cyanoutput_gear5 cfs_output_gear5 skyblue


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Gear Pair

Name:

Input Reference

Frame:

Output Reference

Frame: Gear

Number: Ratio: Input Gear: Output Gear: gear2 cfs_input_gear2 cfs_output_gear2 2 3.5 gragea_input_gear2 gragea_output_gear2gear3 cfs_input_gear3 cfs_output_gear3 3 2.2 gragea_input_gear3 gragea_output_gear3gear4 cfs_input_gear4 cfs_output_gear4 4 1 gragea_input_gear4 gragea_output_gear4gear5 cfs_input_gear5 cfs_output_gear5 5 0.8 gragea_input_gear5 gragea_output_gear5

57Gearbox Tutorial

Creating Bearing ConnectionsYou now create bearing connections between the input shaft and ground and between the output shaft and ground.

To create bearing connections:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Bearing, and then select New.2. Create the first bearing:

• Bearing Name:input_shaft_1• I Part:ges_input_shaft• J Part:._gearbox.ground• Type:single• Bearing Type:Axial_Radial• Contact Stiffness:1e7• Contact Damping:1e4• Sharpness Factor:1e4• Axial Backlash:0.0• Radial Backlash:0.0• Diameter:20• Property File:mdi_0001.bea• Location:Delta location from coordinate• Coordinate Reference:cfs_input_shaft• Location:0, 0, 0• Location in:local• Orientation:Delta orientation from coordinate• Construction Frame:cfs_input_shaft• Orientation:0, 0, 0

3. Select Apply.4. Create the rest of the bearings using the same specifications used for the first bearing, except for:

Bearing Name: I Part:Coordinate Reference:

Construction Frame:

input_shaft_2 ges_input_shaft cfs_input_shaft_end cfs_input_shaft_endoutput_shaft_1 ges_output_shaft cfs_output_shaft cfs_output_shaftoutput_shaft_2 ges_output_shaft cfs_output_shaft_end cfs_output_shaft_end


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Creating the DynoTo finish the gearbox model, you create a dyno element that allows you to deliver either a torque or a rotational motion to the model. This dyno lets you run standard simulations in Adams/Driveline Standard Interface.

To create the dyno:1. From the Driveline Components menu, point to Dyno, and then select New.

Adams/Driveline checks if you have two communicators that it must use to exchange information with the test rig. If it doesn't find them, it displays a message asking if you want to create them. These communicators allow you to get values from the test rig for the throttle signal and the engine torque signal. When prompted, select Yes to create those communicators.

2. Create the dyno with the following specifications:• Dyno Name: input• I Attachment Part: ges_input_shaft• I Coordinate Reference: cfs_input_shaft• Dyno Type: Torque• Function Type: Throttle Demand• Engine Map File:mdids://adriveline_shared/powertrains.tbl/V12_engine_map.pwr

• Direction: Clockwise• Active: On• Geometry Scaling: 8

3. Select OK.4. Create a similar gearbox using the dialog box that Adams/Driveline displays when you select

Driveline Components Complex Components Entire Gearbox.

Documents

Getting Started Using Adams Car Driveline MDR3