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Getting Started
Java Fundamentals
CSC207 – Software Design
Summer 2011 – University of Toronto – Department of Computer Science
Java
• Released in 1995 by Sun Microsystems
• Key characteristics:– Object Oriented language– Suitable for web and network programming– Portable
• Java programs are platform independent
NetBeans IDE
• You can download it, together with JDK, from:– http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javas
e/downloads/jdk-netbeans-jsp-142931.html
• Quick Start:– Create a new project– Basic Java program structure– The popular “Hello World” !
Project Management
• We use DrProject– https://stanley.cdf.toronto.edu/drproject/csc207-2011-05
– Wiki pages– Code Repository– Project Ticketing – Mailing List !
Code Repository
• Checking out from the repository – Directly to the NetBeans
Team > Subversion > Checkout
– You can check out all of the lecture codes from:
svn co https://stanley.cdf.toronto.edu/svn/csc207-2011-05/All/lectureCode
– Sample Project:• LectureCode1
Programming Fundamentals
• Keywords
• Method
• Variable
• Constant
• Assignment
• Comparison
• Selections
• Iteration• Comment• Containers• Encapsulation• Scoping• Libraries
– Graphics– Input / Output– Network
Java Keywords
Practice Code 1
Write a program which takes two numbers from the input and prints the result of their basic numerical calculations
(addition, subtraction, division, reminder)
Improve the output formatting: \b\t\n\r\"\'\\
backspacetabnewlinecarriage returndouble quotesingle quotebackslash
Primitive Data Types
• Java is a strictly-typed language– All variables must first be declared before they can be used
• int x; // variable declaration• x = 1; // variable assignment
• int y = 2; // variable declaration and assignment
Type
byteshortintlong
floatdouble
Storage
8 bits16 bits32 bits64 bits
32 bits64 bits
Min Value
-128-32,768-2,147,483,648< -9 x 1018
+/- 3.4 x 1038 with 7 significant digits+/- 1.7 x 10308 with 15 significant digits
Max Value
12732,7672,147,483,647> 9 x 1018
Numeric P.D.Ts
Primitive Data Types
• char – All Unicode characters
• boolean– True / False– Boolean b = true;
• String– String name = “Hesam”;– String fullName;– fullName = name + “Esfahani”;
uppercase letterslowercase letterspunctuationdigitsspecial symbolscontrol characters
A, B, C, …a, b, c, …period, semi-colon, …0, 1, 2, …&, |, \, …carriage return, tab, ...
Primitive Data Types
• Default Values
Data Type Default Value (for fields)
byte 0
short 0
int 0
long 0L
float 0.0f
double 0.0d
char '\u0000'
String (or any object)
null
boolean false
Methods
• Contains program statements– Logically cohesive
• Program is composed of classes
• Each class contains– Methods– Attributes
Comments
• Java Comments are in three forms:
// this comment runs to the end of the line
/* this comment runs to the terminating symbol, even across line breaks */
/** this is a javadoc comment */
Control Structures
• Conditional Statements– If - else– Switch
• Comparison– Equals ==– Not Equal !=– Greater >– Greater or Equal >=– Less than <– Less than or equal <=
• Logic Operations– Logical AND &&– Logical OR II
Practice Code cntd. :
Get the operator from the input, as well.
Practice Code cntd.:
say if the two number are equal, or the greater one
Control Structures
• Iteration– While– For– Do - while
Practice Code cntd :
print “a” n times, where n is the result of operation