Getting Start SAS Class (1)

8/12/2019 Getting Start SAS Class (1)

1/41

How to start using SAS


2/41

The topics

An overview of the SAS system

Reading raw data/ create SAS data set

Combining SAS data sets & Match mergingSAS Data Sets

Formatting data

Introduce some simple regression procedure

Summary report procedures


3/41

Basic Screen Navigation

Main: Editor

contains the SAS program to be submitted. Log

contains information about the processing of the SASprogram, including any warning and error messages Output

contains reports generated by SAS procedures andDATA steps

Side:

Explorenavigate to other objects like libraries

Resultsnavigate your Output window


4/41

SAS programs

A SAS program is a sequence of steps that the usersubmits for execution.

Data steps are typically used to create SAS data sets

PROC steps are typically used to process SAS datasets (that is, generate reports and graphs, editdata, sort data and analyze data


5/41

SAS Data Libraries

A SAS data library is a collection of SAS files that are

recognized as a unit by SAS

A SAS data set is one type of SAS file stored in a datalibrary

Work library is temporary library, when SAS is closed, all

the datasets in the Work library are deleted; create a

permanent SAS dataset via your own library.


6/41

SAS Data Libraries

Identify SAS data libraries by assigning each a library referencename (libref) with LIBNAME statement

LIBNAMElibref file-folder-location;Eg: LIBNAME readData 'C:\temp\sas class\readData;

Rules for naming a libref:

The name must be 8 characters or less

The name must begin with a letter or underscore

The remaining characters must be letters, numbers orunderscores.


7/41

Reading raw data set into SASsystem

In order to create a SAS data set from a rawdata file, you must

Start a DATA step and name the SAS data setbeing created (DATA statement)

Identify the location of the raw data file to read(INFILE statement)

Describe how to read the data fields from the raw

data file (INPUT statement)


8/41

Reading external raw data file intoSAS system

LIBNAME readData 'C:\temp\sas class\readData;DATAreadData.wa80;

INFILEk:\census\stf2_wa80.txt;INPUT @10 SUMRYLVL $2. @40 COUNTY $3.

@253 TABA1 9.0 @271 TABA1 9.0;

RUN;

TheLIBNAME statement assigns a libref readData to a data library. The DATAstatement creates a permanent SAS data set named wa80. The INFILE statement points to a raw data file. The INPUTstatement

- name the SAS variables

- identify the variables as character or numeric ($ indicates character data)- specify the locations of the fields in the raw data- can be specified as column, formatted, list, or named input

The RUN statement detects the end of a step


9/41

Example 1

Reading raw data separated by spaces

/* Create a SAS permanent data set named HighLow1;Read the data file temperature1.dat using listing input*/

DATAreadData.HighLow1;INFILEC:\sas class\readData\temperature1.dat;INPUTCity $ State $ NormalHigh NormalLow

RecordHigh RecordLow;RUN;

/*The PROC PRINT step creates a isting report of thereadData.HighLow1 data set*/

PROC PRINT DATA= readData.highlow1;TITLEHigh and Low Temperatures for July;

RUN;

Nome AK 55 44 88 29Miami FL 90 75 97 65

Raleign NC 88 68 105 50

temperature1.dat:


10/41

Example 2

Reading multiple lines of raw data per observation

/*Read the data file using line pointer, slash(/) and pount-n (#n).

The slash(/) indicates next line, the #n means to go to the n line

for that observation. Slash(/) can be replaced by #2 here */

DATAreadData.highlow2;

INFILEC:\sas class\readData\temperature2.dat;

INPUTCity $ State $

/ NormalHigh NormalLow

#3 RecordHigh RecordLow;

PROC PRINT DATA= readData.highlow2;

TITLEHigh and Low Temperatures for July;

RUN;

Nome AK

55 44

88 29

Miami FL

90 75

97 65

Raleign NC88 68

105 50

temperature2.dat:


11/41

Example 3

Reading multiple observations per line of raw data

/*To read multiple observations per line of raw data,use double railing atsigns (@@) at the end of INPUT statement */

DATAreadData.highlow3;

INFILEC:\sas class\readData\temperature3.dat;

INPUTCity $ State $ NormalHigh NormalLow RecordHighRecordLow @@;

PROC PRINT DATA= readData.highlow3;

TITLEHigh and Low Temperatures for July;

RUN;

Nome AK 55 44 88 29 Miami FL 90 75 97 65 Raleign NC 88

68 105 50

temperature3.dat:


12/41

Reading external raw data file intoSAS system

Reading raw data arranged in columns

INPUTFILEID $ 1-5 RECTYP $ 6-9 SUMRYLVL $ 10-11URBARURL $ 12-13 SMSACOM $ 14-15;

Reading raw data mixed in columnsINPUTFILEID $ 1-5 @10 SUMRYLVL $ 2. @253 TABA1 9.0

@271 TABA1 9.0;

/* The @n is the column pointer, where n is the number of the columnSAS should move to. The $w. reads standard character data, and

w.d reads standard numeric data, where w is the total width and dis the number of decimal places. */


13/41

Reading Delimited or PC DatabaseFiles with the IMPORT Procedure

If your data file has the proper extension, use the simplest form ofthe IMPORT procedure:

PROC IMPORT DATA FILE= filename OUT= data-set

Type of File Extensio n DBMS Identi f ier

Comma-delimited .csv CSVTab-delimited .txt TABExcel .xls EXCELLotus Files .wk1, .wk3, .wk4 WK1,WK3,WK4Delimiters other than commas or tabs DLM

Examples:

1.PROC IMPORTDATAFILE=c:\temp\sale.csv OUT=readData.money; RUN;

2. PROC IMPORT DATAFILE=c:\temp\bands.xls OUT=readData.music; RUN;


14/41

Reading Files with the IMPORTProcedure

If your file does not have the proper extension, or your fileis of type with delimiters other than commas or tabs, thenyou must use the DBMS=and DELIMITER=option

PROC IMPORT DATAFILE = filename OUT= data-setDBMS= identifier;

DELIMITER = delimiter-character;

RUN;

Example:

PROC IMPORT DATAFILE = C:\sas class\readData\import2.txtOUT=readData.sasfile DBMS=DLM;

DELIMITER = &;

RUN;


15/41

Format in SAS data set

Standard Formats (selected): Character: $w.

Date, Time and Datetime:

DATEw., MMDDYYw., TIMEw.d, Numeric: COMMAw.d, DOLLARw.d,

Use FORMAT statement

PROC PRINT DATA=sales;

VAR Name DateReturned CandyType Profit;

FORMAT DateReturned DATE9. Profit DOLLAR 6.2;

RUN;


16/41


Create your own custom formats with two steps: Create the format using PROC FORMAT and VALUE statement.

Assign the format to the variable using FORMAT statement.

General form of a simple PROC FORMAT steps:

PROC FORMAT;

VALUEname range-1=formatted-text-1

range-2=formatted-text-2;

RUN;

The namein VALUE statement is the name of the format you arecreating, which cant be longer than eight characters, must not start or

end with a number. If the format is for character data, it must startwith a $.


17/41


Exmaple:

/* Step1: Create the format for certain variables */

PROCFORMAT;VALUEgenFmt 1 = 'Male'

2 = 'Female';VALUE money

low-


18/41


Permanently store formats in a SAS catalog by Creating a format catalog file with LIB in PROC

FORMATstatement

Setting the format search options

Example:

LIBNAME class C:\sas class\Format;

OPTIONS FMTSEARCH=(fmtData.fmtvalue); RUN;

PROC FORMAT LIB=fmtData.fmtvalue;

VALUE genFmt 1 = Male 2=Female;RUN;


19/41

Combining SAS Data Sets:Concatenating and Interleaving

Use the SET statement in a DATA step to

concatenate SAS data sets.

Use the SET and BY statements in a DATA

step to interleave SAS data sets.


20/41


General form of a DATA step concatenation: DATA SAS-data-set;

SETSAS-data-set1 SAS-data-set2 ;

RUN;

Example:

DATAstack.allEmp;

SETstack.emp1 stack.emp2 stack.emp3;

RUN;


21/41


General form of a DATA step interleave: DATASAS-data-set;

SETSAS-data-set1 SAS-data-set2 ;

BYBY-variable;

RUN;

Sort all SAS data set first by using PROC SORT

Example:

PROC SORTdata=stack.emp2 OUT=stack.emp2_sorted; BYSalary;RUN;

DATAstack.allEmp;SETstack.emp1 stack.emp2 stack.emp3;

BYsalary;

RUN;


22/41

Match-Merging SAS Data Sets

One-to-one match merge

One-to-many match merge

Many-to-many match merge

The SAS statements for all three types of match

merge are identical in the following form:

DATAnew-data-set;

MERGEdata-set-1 data-set-2 data-set-3;BYby-variable(s);/* indicates the variable(s) that control

which observations to match */

RUN;


23/41

Merging SAS Data Sets: A MoreComplex Example

/*To match-merge the data sets by common variables -EmpID, the data sets must be ordered by EmpID*/

PROC SORTdata=combData.Groupsched;

BYEmpID;

RUN;

Example: Merge two data sets acquire the names of the groupteam that is scheduled to fly next week.

combData.employee combData.groupsched

EmpID LastName

E00632 Strauss

E01483 Lee

E01996 Nick

E04064 Waschk

EmpID FlightNum

E04064 5105

E0632 5250

E01996 5501


24/41


/* simply merge two data sets*/

DATA combData.nextweek;

MERGE combData.employee combData.groupsched;

BY EmpID;

RUN;

EmpID LastJName FlightNum

E00632 Strauss 5250

E01483 Lee

E01996 Nick 5501

E04064 Waschk 5105


25/41


Eliminating NonmatchesUse the IN=data set option to determine which dataset(s)

contributed to the current observation.

General form of the IN=data set option:SAS-data-set (IN=variable)

Variableis a temporary numeric variable that has twopossible values:

0indicates that the data set did notcontribute to thecurrent observation.

1 indicates that the data set didcontribute to thecurrent observation.


26/41


/*Exclude from the data set employee who are scheduled to fly nextweek. */

LIBNAME combData K:\sas class\merge;

DATA combData.nextweek;

MERGE combData.employeecombData.groupsched (in=InSched);

BYEmpID;IFInSched=1; True

RUN;


E00632 Strauss 5250

E01996 Nick 5501

E04064 Waschk 5105


27/41


/* Find employees who are not in the flight scheduled group. */

LIBNAME combData K:\sas class\merge;

DATAcombData .nextweek;MERGE combData .employee (in=InEmp)

combData.groupsched (in=InSched);BYEmpID;IFInEmp=1; TrueIFInSched=0; False

RUN;


E01483 Lee


28/41

Different Types of Merges in SAS

DATA work.three;

MERGE work.one work.two;

BY X;

RUN;

One-to-Many Merging

X Y

1 A

2 B

3 C

X E

1 A1

1 A2

2 B1

3 C1

3 C2

X Y Z

1 A A1

1 A A2

2 B B1

3 C C1

3 C C2

Work.three

Work.two

Work.one


29/41

Different Types of Merges in SAS

DATA work.three;

MERGE work.one work.two;

BY X;

RUN;

Many-to-Many Merging

X Y

1 A1

1 A2

2 B1

2 B2

X Z

1 AA1

1 AA2

1 AA3

2 BB1

2 BB2

X Y Z

1 A1 AA1

1 A2 AA2

1 A2 AA3

2 B1 BB1

2 B2 BB2

Work.three

Work.two

Work.one


30/41

Some simple regression analysisprocedure

The REG Procedure

The LOGISTIC Procedure


31/41

The REG procedure

The REG procedure is one of many regressionprocedures in the SAS System.

The REG procedure allows several MODELstatements and gives additional regressiondiagnostics, especially for detection of collinearity. Italso creates plots of model summary statistics andregression diagnostics.

PROC REG;

MODELdependents=independents ;PLOT;

RUN;


32/41

An example

PROCREGDATA=water;MODELWater = Temperature Days Persons / VIF;MODELWater = Temperature Production Days / VIF;

RUN;

PROCREG DATA=water;MODELWater = Temperature Production Days;

PLOTSTUDENT.* PREDICTED.;PLOTSTUDENT.* NPP.;PLOTNPP.*r.;

PLOTr.*NQQ.;RUN;


33/41

The LOGISTIC procedure

The binary or ordinal responses with continuousindependent variables

PROC LOGISTIC< options > ;

MODEL dependents=independents < / options > ;RUN;

The binary or ordinal responses with categoricalindependent variables

PROC LOGISTIC< options > ;

CLASS categorical variables < / option > ;

MODELdependents=independents < / options > ;

RUN;


34/41

Example

PROC LOGISTICdata=Neuralgia;

CLASSTreatment Sex;

MODELPain= Treatment Sex Treatment*Sex Age Duration;

RUN;


35/41

Overview Summary Report

Procedures

PROC FREQ: produce frequency counts

PROC TABULATE: produce one- and two-dimensional tabular

reports

PROC REPORT: produce flexible detail and summary reports


36/41

The FREQ Procedure

The FREQ procedure display frequency countsof the data values in a SAS data set.

General form of a simple PROC FREQ steps:

PROC FREQ DATA= SAS-data-set;

TABLESAS-variables;

RUN;


37/41

The FREQ Procedure

Example:

PROCFREQDATA= class.crew ;

FORMATJobCode $codefmt. Salary money.;

TABLEJobCode*Salary /NOCOL NOROW OUT=freqTable;

RUN;


38/41

The TABULATE Procedure

PROC TABULATE displays descriptivestatistics in tabular format.

General form of a simple PROC TABULATE

steps:PROC TABULATE DATA=SAS-data-set;

CLASSclass-variables;

VARanalysis-variables;

TABLErow-expression,column-expression;

RUN;


39/41

The TABULATE Procedure

Example:

TITLE'Average Salary for Cary and Frankfurt';

PROCTABULATEDATA= class.crew FORMAT=dollar12.;WHERE Location IN('Cary','Frankfurt');

CLASS Location JobCode;

VARSalary;

TABLEJobCode, Location*Salary*mean;

RUN;


40/41

The REPORT procedure

REPORT procedure combines features of the

PRINT, MEANS, and TABULATE procedures.

It enables you to create listing reports

create summary reports

enhance reports

request separate subtotals and grand totals


41/41

The REPORT procedure

ExamplePROCREPORTDATA=class.crew nowd HEADLINE HEADSKIP;

COLUMNJobCode Location Salary;

DEFINEJobCode / GROUP WIDTH= 8 'Job Code';DEFINE Location / GROUP'Home Base';

DEFINESalary / FORMAT=dollar10. 'Average Salary MEAN ;

RBREAK AFTER/ SUMMARIZE DOL;

RUN;

Documents

Getting Start SAS Class (1)