GET THE LATEST NEWS ON THE HORSE WORLD … HORSE WORLD MAGAZINE Myoglobin is a globular protein whose specific function is reversible oxygen-binding. Its structure is similar to that

What problems may be caused by a deficiency in certain vitamins and mineral salts, such as iron, copper and Vit.B12?

What are the secrets to increase the well-being of joints and to help prevent joint stress in your horses?

2017

GET THE LATEST NEWS ON THE HORSE WORLD THAT WILL ENSURE YOUR ANIMAL’S WELL-BEING AND OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE.

HORSE WORLDM A G A Z I N E

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Find out whatour experts suggest

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RACING AND PERFORMANCEALTO RENDIMENTO ATLETICO

Dear Rider,We’re pleased to present the second issue of Equiplanet magazine by Tecnozoo, dedicated to the world of horses. We’re sure that you appreciated the previous issue on the main illnesses affecting the musculoskeletal system and the right diet to help prevent them. In this regard, if you’d like to follow in some of your colleagues’ footsteps and tell us about the improvements you’ve seen in your horses, then please call your local agent immediately who will be happy to hear your story. The opinions of our customers are fundamental to us and they give us the right motivation to continue improving ourselves and the stables that work with us! In this issue, we’ll be tackling two topics of equal importance:1. The consequences of deficiencies in iron, copper, cobalt, folic acid and vitamin B122. Joint stress and joint well-being

Enjoy your reading! Equiplanet

The magazine features:

• How are iron and copper absorbed into your horse’s metabolism? (Find out why iron and copper deficiencies cause a significant decline in performance)

• What role do Cobalt, Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 play? (Find out how a deficiency in even just one of these elements may impair your horse’s normal physiology)

• How are joints structured from an anatomical - physiological point of view? (Find out which supplements can help to prevent joint stress in your horse)

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Myoglobin is a globular protein whose specific function is reversible oxygen-binding.

Its structure is similar to that of haemoglobin subunits, but it differs in that its affinity for oxygen is six times higher (fig. 3).

Its physiological function is intra-cellular transportation of oxygen in specialised cells (muscle fibrocells) which, in order to best execute their contractile function in aerobic conditions, need large quantities of oxygen to be carried to the mitochondria to meet the needs of the respiratory chain. Myoglobin favours a rapid diffusion of oxygen in these cells and its mechanism of action is rather different from haemoglobin. Therefore, it can be found in great quantities in muscles giving them their characteristic red colour due to the heme.

Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) are mineral salts that are essential to maintain and stimulate the hematopoietic process, i.e. the formation of red blood cells, which is essential for oxygen (O

2) to be

transported to all of the cells in the organism and, at the same time, for carbon dioxide (CO2) to be captured and eliminated. It’s important to point out that these elements must be taken in a form that allows for easier absorption.

IRONIron is an essential element of respiratory pigments (haemoglobin and myoglobin), which forms a bond with oxygen in order to transport it around the organism.

Iron deficiencies can be caused by:

1. Insufficient dietary intake 2. Low content forms3. Haemorrhaging (wounds, verminosis, etc.)4. Illnesses (e.g. piroplasmosis)5. Periods of intense haemopoiesis (horses under intense training,

mares before delivery, etc.)

Haemoglobin is a globular protein that has a quaternary structure made up of four subunits (fig.1). It is soluble, red in colour (it is, in fact, a chromoprotein), and is present in the red blood cells of the blood of the vertebrates.

It is responsible for transporting molecular oxygen from a compartment with a high concentration of O

2 to tissues in need.

Each of its 4 blood cells, called globin, has inside a molecule of protoporphyrin, which coordinates a Fe+2 iron ion positioned slightly outside the molecular plane, together known as Heme (fig. 2).

WHAT IS THE METABOLIC FUNCTION OF COPPER AND IRON?A DIETARY DEFICIENCY IN EITHER ONE, ESPECIALLY DURING INTENSE REARING PERIODS, COULD LEAD TO PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.

Fig. 3 - Globular (A) and chemical (B) structure of myoglobin.

Fig. 1 Molecular structure of haemoglobin

A B

Fig. 2 Heme

What are the possible consequences of a low iron intake? An iron deficiency can therefore cause your horse to suffer from a lack of energy, weakness, lethargy, a loss of appetite and depression, causing LOW PERFORMANCE.

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Una razione bilanciata e una corretta gestione dello stress fisico del cavallo, sono fondamentali per aiutare a prevenire le DOD.

COPPERCopper can be found in enzymes (proteins that enhance the speed of chemical reactions inside cells) and plays an important role in the metabolism: from the normal activity of the brain, nervous system and cardiovascular system to transporting iron and protecting cells from oxidation. Copper is also essential to strengthen bones and to ensure a correct functioning of the immune system.

Once consumed in food and water, it is absorbed in the stomach and in the first part of the intestine; from here, it enters the bloodstream, binding to a protein (ceruloplasmin), and is then transported to the liver where it is then distributed to the various organs.

The liver has one of the largest concentrations of copper in the organism and it regulates its levels through a process called homeostasis.

The main functions of copper are:

• to mobilise iron reserves in the body;• to facilitate haemoglobin synthesis;• to take part in the process of cellular respiration; • to take part in melanin synthesis.

What are the possible consequences of a low copper intake?

The main manifestations of a severe copper deficiency are linked with the hematopoietic system, causing anaemia, variably associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the nervous system, causing a severe alteration of the spinal cord (mainly regarding the posterior column and pyramidal tracts) and peripheral nerves: myeloneuropathy.Copper is also important for the skin and for the bones. In fact, using the enzyme tyrosinase, it catalyses the formation of melanin and, using lysyl oxidase, it plays an important role in the formation of collagen: hence alterations regarding bones, skin, etc. Some research suggests that fractures, musculoskeletal disorders and osteoporosis are more frequent if there is a copper deficiency.Copper plays a role in the correct functioning of the immune system.A copper deficiency has significant repercussions for certain cell types, such as macrophages and neutrophils.It has been noted that the activity of phagocytes (cells that ingest harmful foreign particles) increases after copper intake. In addition to collagen, lysyl oxidase is also important for elastine and both of these proteins are important for the heart and for blood vessels. Other collateral effects of a copper deficiency include heart enlargement, smooth muscle damage in arteries and aneurysms of ventricular and coronary arteries.

Fig.4 - Three-dimensional structure of ceruloplasmin

Fig.4 - Struttura tridimensionale della ceruloplasmina

Horse’s circulatory system

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Cobalt (Co): essential for the synthesis of Vit. B12 by intestinal mi-cro-organisms.Folic Acid: participates in the formation and growth of red bloodcells, taking part in protein metabolism together with Vit. B6.Vitamin B12: essential for the synthesis of DNA and haemoglobin.

FORMS

PRODUCES

RESULT

COBALT, FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12… AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH HEMATOPOIETIC METABOLISMFIND OUT WHAT THEIR ROLE IS IN THE CORRECT FUNCTIONING OF RED BLOOD CELLS.

IRON (Fe)

COPPER (Cu)

VITAMINA B12

COBALT (Co) IMPROVED PERFORMANCE

FOLIC ACID

HAEMOGLOBIN + MYOGLOBIN

TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN

ATP

ENERGY

RED BLOOD CELLS

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PARTECIPATES IN

FAVOURS THE SYNTHESIS

METABOLIZES RESERVES

INTERVENES IN THE SYNTHESIS

FUNCTION

PARTECIPATES IN THE SYNTHESIS

ESSENTIAL FOR THE SYNTHESIS

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Athletic horses and older horses are more prone to osteocartilaginous disease and chronic arthropathies.

Arthropathy is a collective term for any disease of the joints. More specifically:

Degenerative arthropathies: or arthrosis, the most common form of arthritis.

Traumatic arthropathies: a traumatized joint.

Associated arthropathies: common articular pathologies in cases where the HLA-B27 antigen is present. These cases include various inflammations, such as Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter syndrome and Rheumatoid arthritis.

Neuropathic arthropathy, the most severe form of arthrosis.

Dysmetabolic arthropathies, linked to bad nutrition.

What is the function of joint cartilage and what is it made of?Joint cartilage is an elastic tissue (connective) that is resilient to pressure and traction; it covers and protects the ends of joint bones, acting as padding to protect them from friction.

These important characteristics are a result of its specific chemical composition: one part is fluid (allowing for shock absorption) and the other is solid (increasing resistance). These two parts interact with each other in order to guarantee movement without friction and to protect joint surfaces from wear and tear. Inside cartilage, there are cells called chondrocytes which - especially when young (chondroblasts) - produce the ground substance.This substance is primarily composed of water, collagen fibres, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins (fig. 6).

HOW ARE JOINTS STRUCTURED?CHONDROITIN SULFATE, GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE METHYLSUL-FONYL-METHANE (MSM)... GREAT ALLIES AGAINST JOINT STRESS, FOR POST-TRAUMATIC RECOVERY AND FOR CHRONIC ARTHROPATHIES

3512

15

65

WATER

CELLS

COLLAGEN CELLS

PROTEOGLYCANS

OTHER PROTEINS

Article source cartilage

Fig. 6 - Medium percentage composition of joint cartilage

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GLUCOSAMINE increases the level of glycosaminoglycans inside the joint, supporting the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.

These are composed of Glycosaminoglycans, mainly made up of CHONDROITIN SULFATE.

This has a highly electronegative structure which activates the water molecules inside the joint, at the same as facilitating the supply of nutritious substances. Good hydration allows for shock absorption in the joint, allowing it to respond well to the pressures that it is is normally subjected to. Condroitin sulfate prevents the actions of the enzymes produced by inflammatory cells which can damage cartilage (elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase). Once administered, condroitin sulfate selectively deposits in the area of articular and intervertebral cartilage so it can be used in the synthesis of new cartilage matrix.

HYALURONIC ACID

CORE PROTEIN

GLUCOSAMINOGLYCANS

PROTEOGLYCAN

CHONDROITIN SULFATE

HYALURONIC ACID BINDING PROTEIN

KERATAN SULFATE

CHONDROITIN SULFATE

SUBUNITS

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METHYLSULFONYLMETHANE (MSM)Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) (fig. 7), a source of natural sulphur supporting articular functions, is essential for a good synthesis of the connective tissue. Its efficiency has also been noted in the veterinary field: in fact, MSM has proved useful for treating joint inflammations in show jumping horses. Moreover, administering MSM reduces in-flammation, measured through the reduction of a series of oxidation parameters.

[Marañón G, Muñoz-Escassi B, Manley W, García C, Cayado P, de la Muela MS, Olábarri B, León R, Vara E. The effect of methyl sulphonyl methane supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in sport horses following jumping exercise. Acta Vet Scand. 2008 Nov 7;50:45.].

Fig.7 - Methylsulfonylmethane molecule

O

O

SCH3

CH3

Capouet R.

We wish to thank Dott. Pablo Cefalù, an Equiplanet group nutritionist, for the magazine’s technical material.

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ABOUT US

Thanks to the Equiplanet line presented here, over the years Tecnozoo has been making a name for itself in the world of Made in Italy. The entire design and production phases are carried out at our headquarters in Piombino Dese in the province of Padua.

Equiplanet is a trademark of the Tecnozoo company under which the company markets a full line of mineral and complementary feeds intended for the athletic horse, at every stage of its growth and racing career. Thanks to an efficient work team consisting of dietary experts and technicians in the sector, as well as to the quality of its products Equiplanet has managed to rapidly stand out in the Italian and foreign markets. The products are developed to promptly meet the nutritional needs of athletic horses, which are called upon to provide ever better performances.

This implies an increasingly well targeted and careful feed management, which can deeply affect the career and health of the horse.

The well-being of the horse is close to Equiplanet heart and our products are formulated precisely to keep it in tip-top physical and athletic condition.

Since 2014, Tecnozoo has been GMP+ certified: this is an internatio-nal certification that confirms the high quality standards of the sup-plement and supplementary feed production processes, thus making TECNOZOO one of the best ITALIAN SUPPLEMENT SUPPLIERS.

CERTIFICATE N° 1102/967327

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WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT US...

SG Cavalli, Italian Endurance champion 2015

Daniele Serioli

Since I started using Joint Flex, a condro-protector that I would highly recommend, we have had much fewer cases of lameness in our horses, both in competitions and during training. I believe that this product is one of the fundamental reasons for my success..

Daniele Serioli

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OUR EXPERTS’ TIPS...

JOINT FLEX PLUS contains Chondrotin sulphate, Glucosamine sulphate and MSM; it is an adjuvant for the hard work articular stress therapy, in the posttraumatic recovery and it is a nutritional support for the chronic arthritis.

For competition horses, the product is permitted and is not classed as doping.

Its components:

• Help in prevention of osteoarthritis, lameness, stiff gait and ossification of the articulations.

• Normalize situation of the horse with bones-cartilage problems.

• The product contains a high concentration of Chondrotin Sulphate.

Powder supplement based on substance that increase and improve joints function

JOINT FLEX PLUS

HEMO COMPLEX provides vitamins and trace elements (in the form for a facilitated absorption) for the stimulation of the hematopoietic system.Iron: it is a constituent fundamental of the respiratory pigments.Copper: it mobilizes the bodily reserves of iron and it favors the synthesis of hemoglobin.Cobalt: it is essential for the synthesis of the vitamin B12.Folic Acid: participates at the formation of the red globules.Vitamin B12: it’s essential for the DNa and the hemoglobin synthesis.

• Prevents work resistance • It stimulates the oxygenation of the tissues • Bring vitamins and trace elements.

Liquid supplement with high content of Vitamins and trace elements

HEMO COMPLEX

1 Lt 5 Lt

LiquidiPolveri 1

Pellet

Pasta

Creme Nuclei

LiquidiPolveri 1

Pellet

Pasta

Creme Nuclei

25 g25 g


Find out how best to supplement your horse’s feed ration in order to enhance its performance and strengthen its joints.To support hematopoietic synthesis and help your horse prevent articular disease, Equiplanet recommends Hemo Complex and Joint Flex, essential complementary feed to correctly handle your competition animal.

PROBLEM PRODUCT ADVANTAGES

Iron deficiency

Anaemia, variably associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

HEMO COMPLEX Provides the horse with all necessary nutritional factors in order to support and stimulate the hematopoietic process, taken in a form that facilitates absorption.

Joint stress,

Post-traumatic recovery

Chronic arthropaties

JOINT FLEX

Nutritional support for joints based on Condroitin Sulfate, Glucosamin Sulfate, MSM, Vit E, Vit C and Glycine.

Used to normalise the clinical condition of athletic horses suffering from osteocartilaginous pathologies.

EQUIPLANET by Tecnozoo Equine Performance Nutrition

HEADQUARTERS AND PLANTVia Piave 120 - 35017 Torreselle di Piombino Dese (PD) - ITALYInquiries? Contact Email [email protected] Phone +39 334 3181157

www.equiplanet.it

Call now!! For any expertadvices of the most suitable nutritional needs for your horses!

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Documents

GET THE LATEST NEWS ON THE HORSE WORLD … HORSE WORLD MAGAZINE Myoglobin is a globular protein whose specific function is reversible oxygen-binding. Its structure is similar to that