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VolcanoesGet Ready for an ERUPTION!!!

VolcanosThree Types of VolcanosShieldCinder Cone CompositeLand Formations from Lava & AshShield VolcanoCreated by hot spotsGently sloping

Cinder VolcanoSteepCone-shaped hill/mountain

Composite VolcanoTall, cone-shaped mountainAlternating layers of ash and lava

Shield Volcanohttp://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/volcanism/shield_volcano_2.gif

Shield Volcanohttp://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/volcanism/shield_volcano_2.gifCinder Cone

Ecuador volcanoes, Guagua Pichincha volcanoAsh cinder and bombs erupt explosively to form a cone shaped hillhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS_xl3nu_mY&NR=1&feature=endscreen

Composite

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1Ys4m5zY4Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming layers of lava ash.http://facweb.stvincent.edu/academics/pathways/science/volcanoes.htmWe made a Shield Volcano, a Cinder Cone Volcano and a Stratovolcano (Composite Volcano). We used baking soda and vinegar in the shield volcano, ammonium nitrate and zinc dust in the cinder cone volcano and ammonium dichromate in the stratovolcano. The eruptions were great! These are the products that we used for the cinder cone volcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/zinc-oxide-powder-30-g/p/CH-ZNOXIDE/andhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-nitrate-30-g/p/UN1942/These are the products we used for the stratovolcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-dichromate-30-g/p/UN1439/Category:EducationLicense:Standard YouTube LicenseWe made a Shield Volcano, a Cinder Cone Volcano and a Stratovolcano (Composite Volcano). We used baking soda and vinegar in the shield volcano, ammonium nitrate and zinc dust in the cinder cone volcano and ammonium dichromate in the stratovolcano. The eruptions were great! These are the products that we used for the cinder cone volcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/zinc-oxide-powder-30-g/p/CH-ZNOXIDE/andhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-nitrate-30-g/p/UN1942/These are the products we used for the stratovolcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-dichromate-30-g/p/UN1439/Category:EducationLicense:Standard YouTube License

7What is a volcano?A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surfaceMagma- molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases & water from the mantle

Lava- Magma that reaches the surfaceWhere are volcanoes located?Volcanoes can be found:Diverging Plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridge)

Converging plates with subduction zonesOceanic plate vs. oceanic plateOceanic Plate vs. Continental plate

Hot SpotsArea where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torchExample: Hawaiian Islands

What is the Ring of Fire?Ring of Fire

A circular pattern located around the pacific ocean along the plate boundaries where volcanoes are more common

Results of VolcanoesAre constructive:add new rock to existing land form new islands Can be destructive explosive eruptions changes the landscape of and around the volcanoEruptionsWhy do volcanoes erupt?Less dense magma seeps upward through cracks and creates volcanoesGas in the magma is trapped and builds pressureCloser it gets to surface the less pressure it has and the gases separate (bubbles)Gases dissolve on the surface and magma is carried outTypes of Eruptions2 types:QuietLava moves steadily and easily

ExplosiveThick, sticky lava plugs vent like a cork and builds up pressureExplodes and releases pyroclastic flowVolcanic ash: fine, rock particlesCinders: pebble sized particlesBombs: baseball to car sized particlesLand Formations from Lava & AshShield VolcanoCreated by hot spotsGently slopingCinder VolcanoSteepCone-shaped hill/mountainComposite VolcanoTall, cone-shaped mountainAlternating layers of ash and lavaShield Volcano

http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/images/lithosphere/volcanism/shield_volcano_2.gif

Cinder Cone

Ecuador volcanoes, Guagua Pichincha volcanoAsh cinder and bombs erupt explosively to form a cone shaped hillhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS_xl3nu_mY&NR=1&feature=endscreenComposite

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1Ys4m5zY4Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming layers of lava ash.

http://facweb.stvincent.edu/academics/pathways/science/volcanoes.htmWe made a Shield Volcano, a Cinder Cone Volcano and a Stratovolcano (Composite Volcano). We used baking soda and vinegar in the shield volcano, ammonium nitrate and zinc dust in the cinder cone volcano and ammonium dichromate in the stratovolcano. The eruptions were great! These are the products that we used for the cinder cone volcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/zinc-oxide-powder-30-g/p/CH-ZNOXIDE/andhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-nitrate-30-g/p/UN1942/These are the products we used for the stratovolcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-dichromate-30-g/p/UN1439/Category:EducationLicense:Standard YouTube LicenseWe made a Shield Volcano, a Cinder Cone Volcano and a Stratovolcano (Composite Volcano). We used baking soda and vinegar in the shield volcano, ammonium nitrate and zinc dust in the cinder cone volcano and ammonium dichromate in the stratovolcano. The eruptions were great! These are the products that we used for the cinder cone volcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/zinc-oxide-powder-30-g/p/CH-ZNOXIDE/andhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-nitrate-30-g/p/UN1942/These are the products we used for the stratovolcano:http://www.hometrainingtools.com/ammonium-dichromate-30-g/p/UN1439/Category:EducationLicense:Standard YouTube License

18Where are volcanoes located?Volcanoes can be found:Diverging Plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridge)Converging plates with subduction zonesOceanic plate vs. oceanic plateHot SpotsArea where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torchExample: Hawaiian Islands

Types of Rocks ProducedType of lava produces different types of rocks

Slower Flowing, Thicker, sticky, lighter colored

Rhyolite, Pumice, obsidianflows readily, dark coloredbasaltSilica Content Determines RockHigh Silica thicker, sticky, lighter coloredRhyolite, Pumice, Obsidian

Low silica lava flows readily, dark coloredBasaltTYPE OF FLOWQuiet vs. Explosive determined by

Percentage (amount) of silica (material made from the elements oxygen and silicon)

Stages of a VolcanoActive: (live) erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt In the near future

Dormant: (Sleeping) is not currently erupting but may/can erupt in the future

Extinct: (dead) unlikely to erupt againOther Volcanic ActivityHot springsGroundwater is heated by near by magma rising to the surface and collects in natural pools

Other Volcanic ActivityGeyserRising hot water and steam that gets trapped underground and builds pressure until it sprays to the surface

Volcano Games http://w4.nkcsd.k12.mo.us/~mkurbin/ptrevgms.htmLand Formations from Lava & AshLava PlateausLava moves far from the volcano before cooling which forms high plateaus

CalderasHuge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountainAll magma has been emptied leaving a hollow shell that collapses

Land Formations from MagmaVolcanic Neck: magma hardens in the volcanoes pipes and the soft rock wears away

Dike: magma that was forced across rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears away

Sill: magma that squeezed between rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears awayLand Formations from MagmaBatholithMass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools in the crust

Dome MountainsRising magma is blocked by horizontal rock layers and forces the rock layers to bend upward into a dome shape and then the soft rock wears awayT= VolcanoesTYPES-- Shield - layers of lava- gradual hill - quiet-- Composite Quiet/Explosive layers ash and lava-- Cinder Cone Quick Formation - ExplosiveLOCATION (s)-- Hot Spots-- Ring of Fire (Convergent Boundary)-- Divergent Boundary (MOR-Mid Oceanic Ridge)--Island Arc (Convergent oceanic oceanic boundary)ROCKS FORMED/LAVA FLOW-- Pyroclastic Flow Cinder, Ash, Rock, Pumice, gases-- Pahoehoe fast low silica- low viscosity-- Aa slow moving, high silica high viscosity-- Pumice Light and airy- from explosive eruptions-- Obsidian more dense and smooth-- Basalt low silica lava flow

T= VoLCAnoes contFLOW & What determines it?----------PARTS OF A VOLCANO--------------