The Baroque - Station 1Professor Knowitall’s lesson on the baroque era.

It was popular all over Europe. ““The late period of Baroque, fom 1720 to 1780, is called Rococo. Some people also call it “Baroque gone mad” because here the Baroque Style went crazy. Rococo got its name from the French word “rocaille”, meaning rocks and shells. Most of the rococo decorations were natural forms such as tree branches, clouds, flowers, sea shells, etc. “

“So many people became religious to get God’s help (or that of a saint) against dideases. Many people went on pilgrimages and had votive pictures painted to thank God when they were saved.

On the other hand, Baroque people really enjoyed their lives. Festivals and dances were very popular.”

The „Baroque era“ is the period from about 1600 to 1720. The word comes from the “barrocca”, a pearl that is not perfectly formed and seems more oval.

The Baroque style can be found in architecture, art, literature, fashion and many other aspects of life.

It was popular all over Europe. “

“People of the Baroque era always thought about death.. The killings of the Thirty-Years War (1618-1648) showed people how short life could be.

Diseases like the plague killed millions of people. At the time, no one really knew why some people died and others didn’t. So many people thought diseases were sent by God as a punishment. “

Baroque pearl

Did you know?The plague killed 7,165 Londoners in only one week in the year 1665.

Typical of Rococo:

A plague doctor

Prof. Knowitall

The Baroque - Station 1 Fashion

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911

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Did you know ?

People of the Baroque thought that water could make them ill. So they just used powder and perfume against body odour (Körper-geruch).

The Baroque - Station 2 - B

An A to Z of Baroque Fashion

Beauty spot A round plaster that looked like a birthmark, usually made from black silk, shaped like a heart, the moon or a star. Very often the faces of women showed pock marks or other scars. So these artificial spots should draw attention away from them. (plaster=Pflaster; shaped=geformt; pock marks=Pockennarben; scar=Narbe; artificial spot=künstlicher Fleck; to draw attention away= ablenken von)

Corset Usually made of whalebone and silk and had straps to tighten the upper part of their body. Often women had problems to breathe normally and they fainted. So a lady always had a bottle of perfume or smelling salts at hand. (whalebone=Fischbein; straps=Schnüre; to tighten=enger machen;)

Culotte Men’s trousers only went down to their knees, not to their feet. Silk ribbons fixed the culotte below the knee. They were usually worn with coloured stockings (yellow, red etc) made from silk. ( trousers=Hose; silk ribbon=Seidenband; stocking=Strumpf)

Decollete Unlike the Renaissance, the dresses of the Baroque women were low-cut and showed decollete. (low-cut=tief ausgeschnitten)

Fan Because their dress was so hot and their corset was so tight, many women felt unwell and constantly needed fresh air. (tight – eng)

Festive dress Dresses like this were worn for big events, like balls (masked balls very the fashion of

the time!). The top was tight-fitting, and the skirt was bell-shaped to fit the hooped skirt. Only the most expensive materials were used for such a dress, like silk and damask. It was embroidered with great care. (festive dress= Ballkleid; tight-fitting=enganliegend; bell-shaped=glockenförmig; silk and damask=Seide und Damast; embriodered=bestickt)

Fontage Especially in the Rococo period women’s hair was hoisted up with wires .Often these hair “towers” were more than 20 centimetres high and were decorated with ribbons at the end. Women didn’t usually wear wigs, often they also showed their natural hair. This “construction” had to be done by a servant and could take a very long time. (to hoist=anheben; wire=Draht; ribbon=Schleife; wig=Perücke;servant=Diener)

Hooped skirt Women wore hooped skirts under their dress. This made the pelvis look bigger and more feminine. So the whole outfit of a lady sometimes weighed up to 50 kilogramm. (hooped skirt=Reifrock; pelvis=Becken; feminine=weiblich; to weigh=wiegen))

Justaucorps Long jacket for men that looked like a sacco, usually made of silk or damask. They were higly decorated and brightly coloured. Justaucorps were never washed, but only aired, because the water would have damaged the expensive material. (silk-Seide; damask-Damast; brightly coloured- bunt; to air=lüften)

juwellery Baroque women wore expensive juwellery, like necklaces, bracelets and rings. (necklace=Halskette; bracelet=Armband)

Men’s shirt Men usually wore white, flouncy shirts. Although the shirt was worn directly on the body, it was changed only about once a month. (flouncy=rüschenbesetzt; neck=Hals; neckband=Halsband; tie=Krawatte)

Men’s shoes Shoes were made from leather and usually had buckles to decorate them. Most men’s shoes had heels. (buckle=Schnalle; heels=Absätze)

Men’s wig Usually men wore wigs and shaved off their natural hair. Expensive wigs were made of people’s hair, others from horse hair. Especially the Allonge wig was very popular, where the long curls fell over the shoulders. (curl=Locke)

Tricorn A brimmed hat that was worn by men ouside. (tricorn=Dreispitz; brimmed=breiterkrempig)

Women’s shoes

Women’s shoes were pointed, had buckles and sometimes very high heels. They were made from very expensive materials. (pointed=spitz; buckles=Schnallen; heel=Absatz)

The Baroque - Station 3

Baroque Dance

The minuet was the most fashionable dance in the late 18th century ballroom. It was danced in the baroque or 'noble' style, which developed at the court of Louis XIV and was introduced to Britain by Charles II. It was a slow dance usually in ¾ time. (fashionable=modisch; court=Hof; to develop=entwickeln; to introduce=einführen; ¾ time=dreiviertel Takt)

Before the dance:

The dance started, according to the etiquette, with one or more reverences. Man and woman held each other’s hand and the man bowed and the woman curtsied. The first reference was for the king, the second for the audience and the third for the dance partner.The gentleman’s right hand is holding the left hand of the lady.(reverence=Verbeugung; to bow=sich verneigen; to curtsy=einen Knicks machen; audience=Publikum)

Gentleman (or partner 1)

Start: The right foot is ahead

The gentleman moves the right foot towards the left (1) und bows his

upper body. When he lifts up again he (2) moves his foot back into

starting position.

Lady (or partner 2)

Start: The left foot is ahead

The lady moves her left foot towards the right (1), bows both knees, the knees are

facing outwards and the upper body doesn’t move. Then the knees go up again and the left foot moves back into starting

position (2).

Then the dance begins. The dancers then move across the hall in an imaginary Z-line.

pictures and translated from: http://home.breisnet-from online.de/rupp/barock/Das%20Menuett%20in%20der%20Barockzeit.htm

The Baroque - Station 4 A Churches and Monasteries

The Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers

The Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is located near Lichtenfels and was built between 1743 and 1772.

Ottobeuren Abbey

Ottobeuren Abbey is a Benedictine abbey near Augsburg. It was founded in the 8th century, but redesigned in the early 18th century.

The Baroque - Station 5 - A

Nymphenburg Palace

Nymphenburg Palace in Munich was designed in 1664 and redesigned in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first Bavarian kings in the 19th century lived there.

The Baroque - Station 5 - B

Erlangen and Karlsruhe – two Baroque towns

Erlangen

When the first French Huguenot refugees arrived in Erlangen in 1686, Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, built a "new town" (Neustadt) for them. He built his new residence in the middle of it. (Hugenot refugees= Hugenottische (=calvinistische) Flüchtlinge aus Frankreich)

Palace and Gardens of Christian Ernst

Karlsruhe

The city of Karlsruhe was an idea of Margrave Karl III Wilhelm of Baden-Durlach. He founded the city on June 17, 1715 and built his new palace there after an argument with the citizens of his previous capital, Durlach. (citizen=Bürger; previous=vorherig)

The Baroque - Station 6

The Asam Brothers

The Asam Brothers Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid Quirin Asam were sculptors, workers in stucco, painters, and architects, who worked mostly together and in southern Germany. They are among the most important representatives of the German late Baroque.

Painting of Cosmasmade by his brother Egid

Painting of Egidmade by his brother Cosmas

This is a list of all the Asam brothers’ works.

(1) paintings on the altar of the Schutzengelkirche in Straubing(2) frescoes in Bamberg(3) Weltenburg Minster(4) Michelfeld Abbey(5) Rohr Minster(6) Weingarten Abbey Minster(7) Aldersbach Abbey(8) Schleißheim Palace(9) frescoes in St. Anna Chapel in Kißlegg(10) St. Jakob's Cathdral in Innsbruck(11) St. Maria's and St. Korbinian's Cathdral in Freising(12) Einsiedeln Minster(13) Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Munich(14) Břevnov Monastery near Prague(15) Maria Himmelfahrt Pilgrimage Church in Dorfen(16) St. Anna Minster in Munich(17) St. Anna Minster in Gotteszell(18) Jesuit Church in Mannheim(19) Alteglofsheim Palace(20) Altenmarkt Abbey(21) St. Emmeram's Abbey in Regensburg(22) chapel of Ettlingen Palace(23) Legnickie Pole Minster(24) St. Johann Nepomuk ("Asamkirche") in Munich(25) Augustinerkirche in Regensburg(26) Altes Landhaus in Innsbruck(27) St. Anna Minster in Munich(28) altars in the chapel of Sandizell Palace near Schrobenhausen(29) Ursulinenkirche in Straubing(30) Maria de Victoria in Ingolstadt(31) Fürstenfeld Abbey(32) Bishops's Palace Eichstätt

The Baroque - Station 7

Baroque Music

Baroque music describes a style of European classical music extending from 1600 to 1750. This era is said to begin in music after the Renaissance and was followed by the Classical era.

Here is an alphabetical list of famous composers of different eras:

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904)Georg Friedrich Händel (1685–1759)Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)Jimi Hendrix (1942–1970)Jean-Baptiste de Lully (1632–1687)Giovanni Mazzuoli (1360-1426)Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880)Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525/1526–1594)Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)Maurice Ravel (1875-1937)Robert Schumann (1810-1856)Richard Strauss (1864-1949)Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (1678–1741)Walther von der Vogelweide (1170-1230)

The Baroque – Option 1

Find a partner and try to dance the minuet.

count step partner 1 description step partner 2 description

1/3 right foot

a little to the right

left foot

a little to the right

2/3 left foot

next to your right foot

right foot

next to your left foot

3/3 lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

4 right foot

take a step to the right

left hand

let go of your partner’s right hand

left foot

take a step to the left

right hand

let go of your partner’s left hand

5 left foot

move it in an arch to the right

put it in front of your right foot

right foot

move in an arch to the left

put it in front of your left foot

6 lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

7 left foot

put it back in an arch to the left

both partners touch each other’s hand again

right foot

put it back in an arch to the right

both partners touch each other’s hand again

8 put your right foot next to your left foot

put your left foot next to your right foot

9 lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

lift both feet up (shortly)

(on your heels)

10 left foot

take a step to the left

left hand

let go of your partner’s right hand

right foot

take a step to the right

right hand

let go of your partner’s left hand

11 right foot

put it back in an arch to the right

both partners touch each other’s hand again

left foot

put it back in an arch to the left

both partners touch each other’s hand again

12 lift both feet shortly (on your heels)

then touch your partners hands again and start again

lift both feet shortly (on your heels)

then touch your partners hands again and start again

The Baroque – Option 2Sanssouci

Sanssouci is located in Potsdam near Berlin. It was built between 1745 and 1747. The Prussian King Frederick the Great himself worked on the plans for it.

a) The terraced gardens

b) Airview

The Baroque

Station 1 – Read Prof. Knowitall’s lesson on the baroque era. 1 Complete the timeline. Fill in : Baroque – Renaissance - Rococo

1500 1600 1720 1780

______________________________ __________________________ ___________________

2 Match the beginning and the endings of these sentences.

A Barrocca ____ were painted to say “thank you” for divine help.

B Many people went on pilgrimages ____ means rock and shell in French.

C Rocaille ____ Is a pearl that is not perfectly shaped.

D Votive pictures ____ killed over 7000 Londoners in one week.

E The plague ____ to ask for God’s help against diseases.

3 What made Baroque people think of death so often?

Station 2 – Baroque Fashion

Read the “A-Z of Baroque Fashion”. Then find the correct expression for each number on worksheet A.1 _____________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________ 8 _____________________________________________

9 _____________________________________________ 10_____________________________________________

11 ____________________________________________ 12 ____________________________________________

13_____________________________________________ 24_____________________________________________

15_____________________________________________

Station 3 – Baroque DanceFind a partner and try to dance the reference.

If you like to try out the whole dance, choose option 2 after you have completed all the tasks.

Station 4 – Churches and Monastreies

The Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers

1 Which of the following materials are mainly used in Baroque churches? Underline them.

wood - gold - marble (= Marmor) - iron - stucco (= Stuck)

2 Which other features are typical for Baroque churches? Underline them.

tables - paintings - carpets (= Teppiche) - statues - coloured glass

3 What should visitors think when they were looking at such a magnificent basilica?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4 The basilica is a catholic church. What should the church show to

protestants?Decide if speech bubble Aor speechbubble B are correct.

Pope Innocence X, 1649

Ottobeuren Abbey5 Put in the missing words. Choose from the box.

The construction includes 837 ________________ and 16 ________________. It contains

nearly 200 rooms and a ________________ with 15.000 books.

beds - library - staircases (= Treppenhäuser) - towers - trees - windows

6 Ottobeuren was an abbey with monks.

a Do you remember the three vows a monk had to take?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

b Did the monks of Ottobeuren keep their vows?Say why or why not.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

A Dear protestants, we all belive in one God. So if you think it is right what you do, it’s fine with the Catholic Church.

B Dear protestants, when you see this marvellous Basilica it is clear that only the Holy Catholic Church is the right confession. So if you want to save your souls, come back to Catholicism!

7 A votive picture from a church in Bavaria.

from: Geschichte Kennen und Verstehen 8, Oldenbourg, S 43

3 This is a votive picture. Describe the story of the accident as the picture tells it.

__________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________

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4 What did the people of the Baroque era think: Who decided about what happened to them?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Mariaploughboy

boy

Station 5 - A

Nymphenburg Palace

1 Which of the following materials are mainly used in Baroque palaces? Underline them.

wood - gold - marble (= Marmor) - iron - stucco (= Stuck)

2 Which other features are typical for Baroque palaces? Underline them.

posters - gardens - paintings - symmetry - small windows - fountains (= Brunnen) - statues

3 Put in the missing words. Choose from the box.

The park around Nymphenburg Palace is 200 ________________ large. It is divided by a

long ________________ which leads from the palace to the marble cascade (decorated with

stone figures of ________________ gods). Two lakes are situated on both sides of the canal.

statues - canal - Greek - towers - hectares - horses

4 What did Max II Emanuel have in mind when he built his residence? Speech bubble 1, 2 or 3?

Max II Emanuel

Station 5 - B5 Look at the maps of Karlsruhe and Erlangen

What do the two towns have in common?

O they are very big towns O they were planned by a ruler O the residence is in the centre of town O they are both very old towns O they are medieval towns O it’s difficult to find your way O the towns are laid out geometrically

6 What makes the towns “absolutist towns” ? Connect the two parts of the sentences.

1 They were absolutist towns because ___ planned in logical and geometrical patterns.

2 All the streets ___the ruler had absolute power over the whole town.

3 The streets were ___led to the residence of the ruler.

4 All this showed that ___they were created and planned by the ruler.

1 I am a simple subject of the Emperor in Vienna. I am only a duke and not even a king. …

2 I really like big houses-but it’s only for me, I really don’t care what other people think. about it.

3 With this residence I want to show that I am a great ruler - and who knows, maybe I can become king !?

Station 6

Study the list of the Asam brothers’s works. Most of them can be found in present-day Bavaria. Which are these? Use an atlas and write down the numbers.

___________________________________________________________________________

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Station 7

Which instruments are typical for baroque music? Underline them.

guitar - violin - lute (= Laute) - keyboard - harpsichord (= Cembalo) - trumpet

Look at the list of composers. Which of them belong to the baroque era? Write down their names.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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The Baroque - Options

When you have finished all the tasks, you can do these options:

Option 1Find a partner and dance the Minuet!

Option 2

Take a copy of the puzzles. Cut out the pieces and put them together in the correct way. Paste the two pictures onto an extra sheet of paper.