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This short doc will help understand the differences between Gerund and Infinitives.
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6/5/2015 KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
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GerundsandInfinitivesGerundsandinfinitivesaresometimesreferredtoasverbcomplements.Theymayfunctionassubjectsorobjectsinasentence.
WhatareGerunds?SpellingTip
Verbing(PresentParticiple)
Addingtomostverbs.Ex.play>playing,cry>crying,bark>barkingForverbsthatendine,removetheeandadding.Ex:slide>sliding,ride>ridingForverbsthatendinie,changetheietoyandadding.Ex:die>dying,tie>tyingForaverbwhoselastsyllableiswrittenwithaconsonantvowelconsonantandisstressed,doublethelastletterbeforeaddinging.Ex:beg>begging,begin>beginning.However:enter>entering(lastsyllableisnotstressed)
Agerundisaverbinitsing(presentparticiple)formthatfunctionsasanounthatnamesanactivityratherthanapersonorthing.Anyactionverbcanbemadeintoagerund.
Gerundscanappearatthebeginningofasentencewhenusedasasubject:
1. Joggingisahobbyofmine.
Gerundscanactasanobjectfollowingtheverb:
1. Danielquitsmokingayearago.
Gerundscanserveasanobjectafterapreposition:
1. Ilookforwardtohelpingyoupaintthehouse.
Note:Thesamespellingrulesthatapplytotheprogressivetensesalsoapplytogerunds.
Someverbsandverbphrasesaredirectlyfollowedagerund:
1. Paulavoidsusingchemicalsonthevegetableshegrows.
Someverbscanbefollowedbyagerundoraninfinitivewithoutcausingachangeinmeaning:
1. Somepeopleprefergettingupearlyinthemorning.
6/5/2015 KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
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2. Somepeopleprefertogetupearlyinthemorning
Someverbscanbefollowedbyagerundorinfinitivebutwithachangeinmeaning:
1. Herememberedsendingthefax.(Herememberedtheactofsendthefax)2. Herememberedtosendthefax.(Herememberedthefaxandsentit.)
WhatareInfinitives?Aninfinitiveisaverbformthatactsasotherpartsofspeechinasentence.Itisformedwithto+baseformoftheverb.Ex:tobuy,towork.
Infinitivescanbeusedas:
anobjectfollowingtheverb:
1. Jimalwaysforgetstoeat
asubjectatthebeginningofasentence:
1. Totravelaroundtheworldrequiresalotoftimeandmoney.
anadverbmodifyingaverb:
1. Youpromisedtobuymeadiamondring.
anadjectivemodifyinganoun:
1. Tarahastheabilitytosucceed.
Someverbsaredirectlyfollowedbyaninfinitive:
1. Doyouwanttocallyourfamilynow?
Someverbsaredirectlyfollowedbyanounorpronounandthenbyaninfinitive:
1. IconvincedCatherinetobecomevegetarian.2. Headvisedmetosellallmysharesofstock.
6/5/2015 KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
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riding inviting tofight crying totie tobake complainingconcentrating tojoin topickup
admit advise avoid beusedto canthelp cantstand consider deny discuss dislikeendup enjoy feellike finish forget getusedto giveup goon havedifficulty
Someverbscanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveoragerundwithoutcausingachangeinmeaning:
1. Willyoucontinueworkingafteryougivebirth?2. Willyoucontinuetoworkafteryougivebirth?
Someverbscanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveoragerundbutwithachangeinmeaning:
1. Hestoppeddrinkingcoffee.(Heneverdrankcoffeeagain.)2. Hestoppedtodrinkcoffee.(Hestoppedwhathewasdoinganddranksomecoffee.)
ExercisesGerundsandInfinitivesChoosethecorrectgerundorinfinitivefromtheparenthesisattheendofthesentence.
1. Shelikestogetupearlyinthemorning.(likes/dislikes)
1. 1.Alancantstand_________ontrains.(riding/toride)2. Mr.Harrisenjoys_________peopleouttodinner.(inviting/toinvite)3. Intheolddays,gentlemenchallengedtheirrivals_______.(fighting/tofight)4. Asthefamoussayinggoes,theresnouse______overspiltmilk.(crying/tocry)5. Jimstopped_________hisshoelace.Waitforhim.(tying/totie)6. Mywifealwaysvolunteers___________cakesPTAmeetings.(baking/tobake)7. Dontwastemytime___________aboutyoursalary.(complaining/tocomplain)8. Evaishavingtrouble_________ontheexam.(concentrating/toconcentrate)9. Pleaseallowme____________yourFacebookpage.(joining/tojoin)
10. Youwontforget_________milkonyourwayhome,willyou?(pickingup/topickup)
Answers:
ReferenceListsGerundsandInfinitives
Listofcommonverbsandphrasesthatarefollowedbyagerund
6/5/2015 KnowtheDifference:Gerundsvs.Infinitives
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haveproblems havetrouble imagine itsnouse itsworthwhile keep lookforwardto mentionmind miss recommend remember quit spendtime stop suggest understand wastetimeworkat
begin continue hate intend like love prefer start
forget remember stop
afford agree appear arrange ask care decide demand expect fail forget hopelearn manage mean offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse remember seemstop volunteer wait want wish
advise allow ask cause challenge command convince expect forbid force hireinstruct invite order pay permit program remind teach tell urge
Listofcommonverbsthatcanbefollowedbyeitheragerundoraninfinitivewithoutcausingachangeinmeaning
Listofcommonverbsthatcanbefollowedbyagerundorinfinitivebutwithachangeinmeaning
Listofcommonverbsarefollowedbyaninfinitive
Listofcommonverbsthataredirectlyfollowedbyanounorpronounandthenbyaninfinitive