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International to claim carbon footprint credits. The carbon black recovered will be purchased by Titan International for use in making new tyres. The oil recovered will probably be converted into kerosene. With the Green Carbon process, sufficient fuel gas is generated to meet 88% of the process energy requirements. Titan International is one of North America’s major suppliers of off-road tyres, with a history stretching back more than 100 years. The company has grown significantly in recent years as a result of purchasing non-core assets from Goodyear, Continental Rubber and Voltyre. Mr Maurice Taylor (Chairman & CEO of Titan International) is the brother of Mr Fred Taylor (President of Green Carbon Inc). Mr Maurice Taylor commented: “We have been working together for three years to prove this process. It is gratifying to move forward as we feel this system is extremely eco-friendly.” The Fort McMurray plant should be ready for operation by mid-2015. Once it is up and running successfully, Titan International plans to build a second plant at a location somewhere west of Edmonton. Titan International Inc, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 6230, USA, tel: +1-(217) 228 6011, website: http://www.titan-intl.com (3 Jun 2014) © Titan International 2014 Egypt: Phillips – carbon black Phillips Carbon Black (part of the RP Sanjiv Goenka conglomerate, headquartered in Kolkata/Calcutta) plans to invest $170 M in the construction of a new 140,000 tonnes/y carbon black plant at Bourj- al-Arab (65 km southwest of Alexandria). The plant is due to come on-stream in 2016. This will be Egypt’s second carbon black plant. The first plant – located at El Ameriya (30 km southwest of Alexandria) – came on- stream during the mid-1990s and it now has a capacity of 285,000 tonnes/y. This plant is owned by the Aditya Birla group (headquartered in Mumbai). Original Source: Plastics and Rubber Asia, Aug 2014, 29 (207 (Rubber Journal Asia)), 1 (Website: http://www.plasticsandrubberasia.com) © Plastics & Rubber Asia Ltd 2014 Germany & Brazil: Feddersen/Akro- Plastic – plastic compounds Two years ago, Akro-Plastic (part of the KD Feddersen group, headquartered in Hamburg) opened a new plastic compounds plant at Niederzissen (45 km south of Bonn). Initial capacity was 60,000 tonnes/y and work is currently underway to raise this to 80,000 tonnes/y by the end of 2014 and to 110,000 tonnes/y by the end of 2019. Akro-Plastic opened its first plastic compounds plant in China – at Suzhou – in 2004. Six years later, the company opened a second Chinese plant, at Wujiang (100 km west of Shanghai). The company is currently building a new plastic compounds plant at Sao Paulo (Brazil) and this plant is expected to come on-stream in 1Q 2015. Original Source: Compounding World, Jul 2014, 70 (Website: http://www.amiplastics.com/mags) © Applied Market Information Ltd 2014 India: Deepak Nitrite – optical brighteners Deepak Nitrite declared the official start-up of full-scale production at its new optical brighteners plant on 20 May 2014. The plant was built on a greenfields site at Dahej (Gujarat province, 110 km southwest of Vadodara). It has a nameplate capacity of 91,000 tonnes/y. Deepak Nitrite claims to be the only fully vertically integrated manufacturer of optical brighteners in the world, producing all the key products in the value-chain: toluene; para- nitrotoluene (PNT); and 4,4- diaminostilbene 2,2 disulfonic acid (DASDA); as well as a wide portfolio of optical brighteners suitable for the paper, detergent and textile end-use sectors. In fact, the Dahej plant is probably the largest optical brighteners plant in the world. During the quarter to end-June 2014, Deepak Nitrite reported sales revenues from its optical brighteners business as Rup 590 M (equivalent to $9.7 M), compared against Rup 300 M (equivalent to $4.9 M) for the quarter to end-June 2013. Original Source: Deepak Nitrite Ltd, Aaditya-I, National Highway No 8, Chhani Road, 390024 Vadodara, India, tel: +91 (265) 276 5200, website: http://www.deepaknitrite.com (7 Aug 2014) © Deepak Nitrite Ltd 2014 India: Jay Chemical & Saraswati Pigments – phthalocyanine blue Jay Chemical Industries (of Ahmedabad, Gujarat) has paid $203,000 for a licence to use technology patented by Saraswati Pigments (of Vadodara, Gujarat) to improve the economics of its phthalo blue manufacturing operations. Saraswati’s technology was described in the Indian patent 2755/MUM/2012, dated 24 September 2012 and the company recently applied for patent protection with the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), reference 2014/045249-A1. Both Jay Chemical and Saraswati are significant manufacturers of phthalo blue, employing the conventional Wyler process, which entails heating phthalic anhydride (or a derivative) with a copper compound and urea within an inert solvent at 150-250°C. The solvent (typically di- or tri-chlorobenzene, nitro- or nitroalkyl-benzene or sulfolane) is removed by filtration or vacuum distillation and the crude copper phthalocyanine is then extracted by boiling with a dilute mineral acid. The reaction time is normally 12-16 hours. To maximise yields, a stoichiometric excess of urea is used, often 2-4 moles of urea per mole of phthalic anhydride. In a commercial-scale plant, there is some decomposition of the urea and urea compounds, generating waste gases that are absorbed in water for disposal or for further treatment to produce ammonia solution or an ammonium salt (sulfate, phosphate or carbonate). Saraswati’s patented process involves saturating the “waste ammonia solution” to achieve a 10-35% concentration, then treating the saturated solution with phthalic anhydride in the presence of suitable catalysts (phthalimide, 1,3-diiminoisoindoline or dihydroindazolone and dilute nitric acid) in suitable solvents (chlorinated toluenes, linear alkyl benzene, nitrotoluene). The phthalocyanine intermediates are then converted into metal phthalocyanines by reacting them with a measured (just sufficient) quantity of urea plus a metal salt. Employing this add-on process provides higher overall product yields, provides raw material savings and reduces the load of ammoniacal OCTOBER 2014 5 FOCUS ON PIGMENTS

Germany & Brazil: Feddersen/Akro-Plastic – plastic compounds

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International to claim carbon footprintcredits. The carbon black recoveredwill be purchased by TitanInternational for use in making newtyres. The oil recovered will probablybe converted into kerosene. With theGreen Carbon process, sufficient fuelgas is generated to meet 88% of theprocess energy requirements.

Titan International is one of NorthAmerica’s major suppliers of off-roadtyres, with a history stretching backmore than 100 years. The companyhas grown significantly in recent yearsas a result of purchasing non-coreassets from Goodyear, ContinentalRubber and Voltyre. Mr MauriceTaylor (Chairman & CEO of TitanInternational) is the brother of Mr FredTaylor (President of Green CarbonInc). Mr Maurice Taylor commented:“We have been working together forthree years to prove this process. It isgratifying to move forward as we feelthis system is extremely eco-friendly.”

The Fort McMurray plant should beready for operation by mid-2015.Once it is up and runningsuccessfully, Titan International plans to build a second plant at alocation somewhere west ofEdmonton.

Titan International Inc, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL6230, USA, tel: +1-(217) 228 6011, website:http://www.titan-intl.com (3 Jun 2014) © TitanInternational 2014

Egypt: Phillips – carbon black

Phillips Carbon Black (part of the RPSanjiv Goenka conglomerate,headquartered in Kolkata/Calcutta)plans to invest $170 M in theconstruction of a new 140,000tonnes/y carbon black plant at Bourj-al-Arab (65 km southwest ofAlexandria). The plant is due to comeon-stream in 2016.

This will be Egypt’s second carbon black plant. The first plant –located at El Ameriya (30 kmsouthwest of Alexandria) – came on-stream during the mid-1990s and itnow has a capacity of 285,000tonnes/y. This plant is owned by theAditya Birla group (headquartered inMumbai).

Original Source: Plastics and Rubber Asia, Aug 2014,29 (207 (Rubber Journal Asia)), 1 (Website:http://www.plasticsandrubberasia.com) © Plastics &Rubber Asia Ltd 2014

Germany & Brazil: Feddersen/Akro-Plastic – plastic compounds

Two years ago, Akro-Plastic (part ofthe KD Feddersen group,headquartered in Hamburg) opened anew plastic compounds plant atNiederzissen (45 km south of Bonn).Initial capacity was 60,000 tonnes/yand work is currently underway toraise this to 80,000 tonnes/y by theend of 2014 and to 110,000 tonnes/yby the end of 2019.

Akro-Plastic opened its first plasticcompounds plant in China – atSuzhou – in 2004. Six years later, thecompany opened a second Chineseplant, at Wujiang (100 km west ofShanghai). The company is currentlybuilding a new plastic compoundsplant at Sao Paulo (Brazil) and thisplant is expected to come on-streamin 1Q 2015.

Original Source: Compounding World, Jul 2014, 70(Website: http://www.amiplastics.com/mags) © Applied Market Information Ltd 2014

India: Deepak Nitrite – opticalbrighteners

Deepak Nitrite declared the officialstart-up of full-scale production at itsnew optical brighteners plant on 20May 2014. The plant was built on agreenfields site at Dahej (Gujaratprovince, 110 km southwest ofVadodara). It has a nameplatecapacity of 91,000 tonnes/y. DeepakNitrite claims to be the only fullyvertically integrated manufacturer ofoptical brighteners in the world,producing all the key products in thevalue-chain: toluene; para-nitrotoluene (PNT); and 4,4-diaminostilbene 2,2 disulfonic acid(DASDA); as well as a wide portfolioof optical brighteners suitable for thepaper, detergent and textile end-usesectors. In fact, the Dahej plant isprobably the largest opticalbrighteners plant in the world.

During the quarter to end-June2014, Deepak Nitrite reported salesrevenues from its optical brightenersbusiness as Rup 590 M (equivalent to$9.7 M), compared against Rup 300M (equivalent to $4.9 M) for thequarter to end-June 2013.

Original Source: Deepak Nitrite Ltd, Aaditya-I, NationalHighway No 8, Chhani Road, 390024 Vadodara, India,tel: +91 (265) 276 5200, website:http://www.deepaknitrite.com (7 Aug 2014) © DeepakNitrite Ltd 2014

India: Jay Chemical & SaraswatiPigments – phthalocyanine blue

Jay Chemical Industries (ofAhmedabad, Gujarat) has paid$203,000 for a licence to usetechnology patented by SaraswatiPigments (of Vadodara, Gujarat) toimprove the economics of its phthaloblue manufacturing operations.Saraswati’s technology was describedin the Indian patent 2755/MUM/2012,dated 24 September 2012 and thecompany recently applied for patentprotection with the World IntellectualProperty Organisation (WIPO),reference 2014/045249-A1.

Both Jay Chemical and Saraswatiare significant manufacturers ofphthalo blue, employing theconventional Wyler process, whichentails heating phthalic anhydride (ora derivative) with a copper compoundand urea within an inert solvent at150-250°C. The solvent (typically di-or tri-chlorobenzene, nitro- ornitroalkyl-benzene or sulfolane) isremoved by filtration or vacuumdistillation and the crude copperphthalocyanine is then extracted byboiling with a dilute mineral acid. Thereaction time is normally 12-16 hours.To maximise yields, a stoichiometricexcess of urea is used, often 2-4moles of urea per mole of phthalicanhydride. In a commercial-scaleplant, there is some decomposition ofthe urea and urea compounds,generating waste gases that areabsorbed in water for disposal or for further treatment to produceammonia solution or an ammoniumsalt (sulfate, phosphate or carbonate).Saraswati’s patented process involvessaturating the “waste ammoniasolution” to achieve a 10-35%concentration, then treating thesaturated solution with phthalicanhydride in the presence of suitable catalysts (phthalimide, 1,3-diiminoisoindoline ordihydroindazolone and dilute nitricacid) in suitable solvents (chlorinatedtoluenes, linear alkyl benzene,nitrotoluene). The phthalocyanineintermediates are then converted intometal phthalocyanines by reactingthem with a measured (just sufficient)quantity of urea plus a metal salt.

Employing this add-on processprovides higher overall product yields,provides raw material savings andreduces the load of ammoniacal

OCTOBER 2014 5

F O C U S O N P I G M E N T S