Germany and Italy

Rise of Fascism

Germany and Italy

Rise of Fascism

Europe in 1919Europe in 1919

Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

Il Duce

Italian FascesItalian Fasces

Fascism1. Dictatorship and totalitarianism

1. Strongly nationalistic

2. Strongly materialistic

FascismOpposed to communism

Can seem like communism in practice

Both control people through force and censorship

FascismCommunism

• appeals to workers

• Promises society without social classes

• all property shared

• appeals to upper and middle classes

• promises to preserve existing social classes

•Promises to preserve ownership of property and restore Italian economy

March on Rome [1922]March on Rome [1922]

Fascist YouthFascist YouthBlack shirts

Corporatist State

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

From the German Point of View

From the German Point of View Lost—but not forgotten country.

Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

Maimed German WW I VeteranMaimed German WW I Veteran

The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory

The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory

Disgruntled German WWI veteransDisgruntled German WWI veterans

German “Revolutions” [1918]German “Revolutions” [1918]

Friedrich Ebert:First President of the Weimar

Republic

Friedrich Ebert:First President of the Weimar

Republic

The German Government: 1919-1920

The German Government: 1919-1920

The GermanMark

The GermanMark

The German MarkThe German Mark

The French in the

Ruhr: 1923

The French in the

Ruhr: 1923

The French Occupation of the Ruhr

The French Occupation of the Ruhr

The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923National Socialist German Workers Party - Nazi Party

The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

Hitler in Landesberg PrisonHitler in Landesberg Prison

Mein Kampf [My Struggle]Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

European Debts to the United States

European Debts to the United States

The Dawes Plan (1924)The Dawes Plan (1924)

The Young Plan (1930)The Young Plan (1930)

For three generations, you’ll have to slave away!

$26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

For three generations, you’ll have to slave away!

$26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

German Unemployment: 1929-1938

German Unemployment: 1929-1938

Decrease in World Trade: 1929-1932

Decrease in World Trade: 1929-1932

German Election Results in 1933

German Election Results in 1933

The “New Napoleons?”The “New Napoleons?”