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June 3, 2011 1 German Grammar Guide
German Grammar GuideSenior Missionary Language Training
Instructions to Language Tutors and Missionaries
The objective of the language tutoring program for senior missionaries is to enable them, and others, tobegin communicating meaningfully as early as possible in their mission language. In order to help
accomplish this objective, this grammar guide provides a focus on only the most basic grammaticalstructures of the language for those who are studying the language for the first time. By limiting the focus
of the missionaries to the basic concepts outlined in this guide, seniors will be able to concentrate their
energy and attention on doing a few things very well, rather than trying to cover everything. The contentof this guide has been prepared to enable seniors to communicate the following in their mission language:
o Asking about and Expressing a State of Beingo Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership
o Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
o
Narrating Simple Experiences and Storieso
Asking about and Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, and Intention or purpose
o Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events
o Asking and Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Locationo
Asking and Answering questions of Contrasting Attitudes, Emotions, Feelingso Asking and Answering Questions of Quality, Quantity, Number, and Sequence
o Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
The lessons are designed to ensure that the missionaries can communicate each of the above concepts
under the following three conditions:
1)
using both questions and answers2)
in the simplest forms of the present, past, and future
3) in both the affirmative and the negative
Refer when necessary to a language text: For each lesson in this document, missionaries and tutors may
refer to a language text whenever necessary to answer questions they may have regarding the grammar,
and should continue to refer to it once they are in the field.
Pace for moving through this grammar guide: There is no need to move too quickly through the
lessons. Time should be spent on building confidence in using the structures in each lesson before moving
Lesson sequence to be followed: It is recommended that the grammar lessons be studied in the sequencethat they appear in this guide. Missionaries may refer to other language texts for further explanations on
any of the points of grammar as they move through this guide.
Teach and practice from the visual displays: Use the visual displays in this document for practice
during tutoring sessions. They are designed to provide a visual connection between tutor and learner,
especially when on the telephone. The visual nature of the displays is intended to eliminate much of the
need for grammar rules, by showing rather than explaining.
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on. Spend the necessary time increasing vocabulary and reviewing previous lessons before moving too
quickly ahead. The lessons will build on each other as you move through the sequence.
Use a variety of activities: It is not necessary to cover a new lesson in each tutoring session.
Missionaries will gain more confidence when they are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of
activities on the same principle. This will more likely ensure that they are not only mastering concepts
and structures as they go, but that they have ample opportunity to review and maintain their confidence inall past lesson material. Tutors should plan and conduct many communicative language-type activities
as part of their tutoring, including the performance of tasks, which are studied separately.
Speak the language: Speak the language at every opportunity. An explanation here and there may be
necessary in English, but missionaries need ample opportunity to see themselves communicating in the
language. This will build their confidence more than anything else. Tutors should limit their own use ofthe language to the structures and vocabulary that the missionaries have learned up to that point, so as to
increase the likelihood of their success in listening and responding in the language during tutoring
sessions.
Organize note-taking: When missionaries have questions on particular grammatical structures, they
should write any notes in the margins of the text or on the visual display sheets of this document wherethat particular principle is located. By doing so, their notes will be automatically organized for futurereference, because they will be written on the pages which deal with that principle.
Use a pocket notebook for vocabulary: Vocabulary items should be written in an organized way in asmall, pocket-sized notebook, which can be carried with them for easy reference while speaking the
language. Keep two separate lists for easy access; one of verbs, and the other for general vocabulary
items. For example, keep a list of verbs in the front of the notebook, and a list of all other vocabularyitems in the back. Write in the language on the left side of the page, with the English equivalent on the
right side. This makes for easy review by covering either one or the other side of the list.
Use vocabulary notebook for review: Not having easy access to ones notes is one of the mostfrustrating hindrances of note taking, and thus of systematic review. By using the vocabulary notebooks,missionaries can be much more successful in their review because they can always be working from a
current, up-to-date list. Be selective at first. Dont try to remember or write everything down. Select
those vocabulary items / verbs that you will use most frequently and build from there.
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Table of Contents_________________________________________________________
1. Overview of the Language..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Alphabet & Basic Pronunciation........................................................................................................... 6
3. Introduction to Cases............................................................................................................................. 9
Asking About / Expressing a State of Being
4. Nominative Case/ Subject - to be..........................................................................................................10
5. Accusative Case/ Direct Object to have.............................................................................................11
6. Dative case/ Indirect Object to be...................................................................................................... 12
Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership
7. Genitive Case/ Possession......................................................................................................................13
Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
8. Adjectives - Weak.................................................................................................................................. 14
9. Adjectives - Strong................................................................................................................................ 15
Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention, or Purpose Part 1
10. To have to / Must................................................................................................................................ 16
11. To be able to / Can............................................................................................................................... 17
12. Be allowed to / May............................................................................................................................. 18
13. To like to / To like............................................................................................................................... 19
14. Would like............................................................................................................................................ 20
15. Future tense.......................................................................................................................................... 21
16. Purpose clause...................................................................................................................................... 22
Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Event
17. Conversational Past Haben............................................................................................................... 23
18. Conversational Past Sein...................................................................................................................24
Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Location
19. Where?................................................................................................................................................. 25
20. When?.................................................................................................................................................. 26Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
21. Verb kickers......................................................................................................................................... 27
Narrating Simple Experiences & Stories
22. Verb to be in the past tense.............................................................................................................. 28
23. Accusative Reflexive.......................................................................................................................... 29
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24. Dative Reflexive................................................................................................................................. 30
Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention , or Purpose Part 2
25. I would. like........................................................................................................................................ 31
26. I would have........................................................................................................................................ 32
27. I would................................................................................................................................................. 33
Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings
28. What do you think about_?.................................................................................................................. 34
Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence
29. Wie questions....................................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix
Article Chart...............................................................................................................................................36
Accusative Prepositions............................................................................................................................. 36
Dative Prepositions.................................................................................................................................... 36
Two Way Prepositions............................................................................................................................... 36
Adjective Endings Weak.........................................................................................................................36
Adjective Endings Strong....................................................................................................................... 37
Present Regular Verb Conjugation............................................................................................................ 37
Simple Past Verb Conjugation................................................................................................................... 37
Types of Verbs........................................................................................................................................... 37
Verb Guide Chart....................................................................................................................................... 38Conversational Past: haben vs. sein........................................................................................................... 39
Time Telling Aid........................................................................................................................................40
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1. Overview of The Language
o Unlike English, German has gender, which affects many parts of speech.
o Describe nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, direct & indirect objects, prepositions, definite &
indefinite articles.
What is a noun?
-Person, place, or thing.-In German, nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter.
What is a verb?
-Words that show action. (Examples: to eat, to dance, to speak etc).
What is an infinitive verb?
- The dictionary form of the verb; un-conjugated. (Ex: to speak, to eat, to live)
- In German, infinitive verbs always end in en.Examples of infinitives: sprechen (to speak), schlafen (to sleep), gehen (to go).
- Each verb ending follows a pattern which agrees with the subject of the verb.
- To conjugate the verb, remove the enending from the infinitive (this part then is called thestemof the verb) and add the appropriate endings that correspond with the desired subject (-e, -
st, -t, -en, -t and en; this will be shown in following lessons). If the stem of the verb ends in
tor d,add an ebefore the st and t endings.
- When 2 verbs follow each other (e.g. I wantto go), the 2nd
one is always in the infinitive
(except with helping verbs like to have& to be.)
What is an adjective?
-Describes a noun. (Example: the cat has abeautifultail. The word beautiful describes the
tail, so it is an adjective).
-Because nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter the adjective must agree with the noun
in both gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) and number (singular or plural).
What is a subject (object)?
-The subject (object) of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action of the sentence.(Examples:Ieat,shestudies, thepresidentinterviews, themissionariesteach, etc.)
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o Learn the alphabet and basic elements of pronunciation so that you can begin to read in thelanguage.
For additional help refer to the alphabet in a German reference book.
o Establish and maintain regular daily reading exercises from Preach my Gospel, Scriptures, The
Liahona, and/or the Hymns, for pronunciation and comprehension purposes.o
Make sure reading activities are put on the calendar for each day.
LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATION
A
The long asound equates to the English ain barorcalm. Theshort asound is very clipped, much like the
vowel sound in the English but.
Apfel, aber
das, hatten
B
It is pronounced no differently from English when it precedes a
vowel, but bhardens to a pat the end of a word or syllable,or before an sor a t.
Berg, berufen
ob, Stab
C
It is pronounced as the English k when at the beginning of a
word. In the middle or end of a word it appears in the
combinations chand ck. See bottom of this page.
Bach, ich
Christus, Chrom
D
It is pronounced no differently from the English, but dis
pronounced as a tat the end of a word or syllable, or before
an sor a t.
dort, DamePferd, Stadt
E
The long esound is pronounced like the aysound in theEnglish dayor played, but the German sound is a longer
one which does not slide away into English ee. Theshort e
sounds like the ein English getor set.
heben, jedenErde, werden
FIt is pronounced as the English fin fame, knifeor
flute, but never like of.fallen, Firma
G
It is pronounced no differently from the English, but ghardens
to a k, when it occurs at the end of a word or syllable, or
before an sor a t.gehen, Hoffnung
H
The German letter his always clearly pronounced at the
beginning of a word, or when a word beginning with h
appears as a second element in a compound noun, but if an h
occurs in the middle of a word on the other hand, it is notpronounced and the preceding vowel is lengthened.
haben, heute
gehen, ihnen
IIt sounds like the English eein fleetor seem, but it can
also be short, like in the English word mist.
Tier, ihmist, ich
JThe German letter jis pronounced like the yin the English
word young.Jogurt, Jahr
2. Alphabet and Basic Pronunciation
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KIt is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only with
slightly less release of air.
Kuh, Kirche
L
The German lsounds much lighter and also flatter than the
English l.It is quite close in sound to the English millionor
billion.
Lampe, Lffel
M Always as the English m.
Mutter, machen
N Always as the English n. Nacht, nein
O
The long osound is pronounced like the sound in the English
words lowand go, but with the lips more rounded and the
mouth more open. Theshort osounds like the oin the
English notor rot, only shorter and with a slightly morerounded mouth.
Bohne, Ohr
folgen, Wort
P It is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only withslightly less release of air.
Punkt, Papier
Q
As in English, the German letter "q"is always followed by the
letter u. quis always pronounced as the kvin the Yiddishword kvetch.
Quark, quitschen
R
There are two ways of pronouncing r. 1 - When rprecedes
a vowel, it is pronounced almost as if you were gargling, but
without water.2- When rprecedes a consonant or is at the
end of a word, it is pronounced as a vowel. It sounds like the last
sound in the American word yeah, or like the sound an
Englishman makes at the end of the word hear.
Raum, rund
Tiger, lernen
S
When the German scomes before a vowel it is pronounced
like an English z". When it comes at the end of a word it is
pronounced like an English s.
sie, sehenals, nachts
TIt is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only with
slightly less release of air.
Tante, Tomate
U
For the long usound think of the English vowel sound in
hootor boot, but with the lips much more rounded. The
short usound equates to a much shorter version of the
English sounds in pushor foot.
Uhr, zu
unter, und
V The German letter vis pronounced like the English letter f. Vogel, vier
WIt is pronounced like the English v as in the English wordvictory.
wer, wohnen
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XIt sounds like kseas in explain orgz sound as inexample.
Hexe, Xylophon
Y
The pronunciation of the German ydepends on the position of
the letter in the word. If it is positioned within a word it sounds
ust like . If ystands at the beginning or end of a word,then it is pronounced in exactly the same way as it is in English.
Typ, TypenYoga, Yacht
Z
The German zis a combination of two separate sounds. Its a
tand ssaid together, as in the English words catsand
hits.
Zebra, ziehen
ei, aiThe combinations of eior aiare pronounced similar to the
iin the English word sign.eins, Main
ieThe combination ieis the common spelling for the long vowel[i:] as in the English word knee.
Biene, Ziel
eu, uThe combination euor uis pronounced like the oyin
the English word boy.Freund, Bume
auThe combination of auis pronounced like the ouin the
English word house orbounce.Traube, taufen
ch
There are two sounds for the pronunciation of ch. After a,
o, uor au, it is approximately the sound you make when
you clear your throat.
After all other sounds, chis pronounced much like the sound
some English speakers make at the beginning of words like
human, hugeor hue.
Bauch, acht
Chemie, ich
ck The German sound ckbehaves just like the English consonantk. The vowel preceding it is always short and stressed.
backen, Hecke
ss, These are pronounced the same, much like the sin the Englishword someor the cin cell.
essen, i
There is no letter in English that can be compared to this. It is
the sound you make if you didnt understand what somebody just
told you ahhhh?.
spter, tglich
This letter is formed by saying an English ewith your lipsrounded.
glcklich, ben
This is formed by saying an English awith your lips rounded. knnen, bse
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3. Introduction to Cases
o Case: The way German marks whois doing what to/for whom in the sentence.*More technically, the case carries a marker (der, die, das) to indicate the grammatical
function of any given noun or adjective in the sentence
o Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
o In English, word order determines what case a noun is in, or WHO is doing WHAT to/for
WHOM. In this sentence we know that the womandid the giving, the bookwas what was given,
and the manwas the one it was given to. We know this because of the order of the words in thesentence. In English, if the word order is changed, the meaning is also changed. For example,
The man gave the woman the book. Now, the man is the one giving and the woman, the one
receiving. In the English example, The woman gave the book the man, suddenly the book isthe one receiving the man!
o
In German, the word preceding a noun (the article) carries an ending that tells what casethe noun is in, as well as which gender the noun has. This allows us to move words around in a
sentence and retain the same meaning. Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
Die Frau gab dem Mann das Buch.
o Unlike the English example, changing the word order does not change the meaning of theGerman sentence because of the endings on the word the. For example, Dem Mann gab die
Frau das Buch, still means that the woman gave the man the book because the words for the
have retained their endings. Likewise, Die Frau gab das Buch dem Mann, still means that the
woman gave the man the book. Notice that the thes never change.
o From this we learn that recognizing what case a noun is in is very important so that we can make
sure we use the proper endings and convey the meaning we desire.
o The four cases for German are:
Nominative - Subject:Who or what is doing the action? In our example: the woman / die Frau.
Accusative Direct Object:Who or what is being directly acted upon? The action is being done towhom? In our example: the book / das Buch.
Dative Indirect object:Who is indirectly affected by the action? This is usually thought of inconjunction with the word to. In our example, the book is given towhom? the man / dem Mann.
Genetive - Possesion:Who or what is the possessor? This is usually thought of in conjunction with
the word of. We could change our example to say, the book of the man, / das Buch desMannes.
o See appendix for the articles in their various cases pg. 36
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4. Asking About / Expressing State of being
Nominative Case - Subject(See the verb sein in a German reference book)
o
State of Being e.g. I am happy, sad, tired, grateful, etc.
o Roles e.g. We are missionaries, Americans, etc.
sein = to be
(nicht)not
Examples:
Q. Sind Sieglcklich? A. Ja,ich binglcklich. A. Nein,ich binnicht glcklich.Are you happy? Yes, I am happy. No, I am not happy.
Q. Ist er Amerikaner? A. Ja, er ist Amerikaner. A. Nein, er ist kein Amerikaner.
Is he American? Yes, he is American. No, he is not American.
Ich bin Wir sindI am We are
Du bist Ihr seidYou are You are
Sie sind*
You are
Er ist Sie sind
He is They are
Sie ist
she is
Es ist
It is
( ) =masculine, feminine, neuter-in indicates femininity
glcklich - happy
traurig - sadmde - tired
hungrig - hungry
begeistert - excited
Amerikaner (in) (m,f) -AmericanDeutscher (m,f) - German
Missionar (e) in (nen) - missionary
Mitglied (m,f)(er) - member
Elder(m)_______ -Elder ______Sister(f)_______ - Sister ______
Bischof (m) -BishopMissionsprsident (en) Mission Preside
(kein,
keine)not a (no)
1st
2nd
3rd
+ +
Nominative article
masc. fem. neut. plur.
der die das die
* Sie is used in formal speaking (i.e. Those you want to show respect to, colleagues, superiors, etc.)
* Practice switching between du and Sie. (ex. between friends and new acquaintances at church)
Ich bin Amerikaner.I am American.
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5. Asking About / Expressing State of being
Accusative Case - Direct Object(see accusative prepositions in the appendix; see definite-indefinite article chart in the appendix)
haben = to have
mich
me
uns
us
dich
you
euch
you
ihn, sie, es
him, her, it
sie, Sie
they/ you*
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sieihn? A. Ja,Ich seheihn.Do you see him? Yes, I see him.
Q. Hat ereinen Bruder? A. Nein, er hat keinen Bruder.Does he have a brother? No, He doesnt have a brother.
Singular Plural
Ich habe Wir haben
I have We have
Du hast Ihr habtYou have You have
Sie haben*
You have
Er hat Sie haben
He has They have
Sie hat
She has
Es hat
It has
1st
2nd
3rd
einen keinen Vater () m -father
einen keinen Bruder () m - brother
eine keine Schwester (n) f - sister
eine or keine + Bibel (n) f -Bibleeine keine Mutter () f -Mother
ein kein Kind (er) n - childein kein Zeugnis (e) n - testimony
ein kein Buch (er) n - book--- keine Freunde pl -friends
--- keine Fragen pl - questions
+
Ich sehe
I see
Du siehst
you see
Er sieht
he sees
Accusative article
masc. fem. neut. plur.
den die das die
Idee f - idea
Plan m - plan
Brot n - bread
Wir sehenwe see
Ihr sieht
you see
Sie sehen
You/They see
+
Ich habe einen Bruder.
I have a Brother.
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6. Asking About / Expressing State of being
Dative Case- Indirect Object(See dative case articles and prepositions in the appendix)
Singular Plural wichtigimportant
notwendignecessary
lustigfunny
komischstrange
Mitarbeiter (m)companion
Gruppe (f)group
Land (n)countryside
Versammlung (f)meeting
Bro (n)office
Missionaren (pl)missionaries
+
Examples:
Q. Ist das Buch Mormon dir wichtig? A. Ja, es ist mir sehr wichtig.Is the Book of Mormon important to you? Yes, it is very important to me.
Q. Kommen Sie mit der Gruppe? A. Nein, ich komme nicht mit der Gruppe.
Are you coming with the group? No, Im not coming with the group.
mir unsto me to us
dir euch
to you to you
Ihnen*
to you
ihm ihnen
to him to them
ihr
to her
ihm
to it
Q. Ist / Sind dasIs / are that / those
A. Ja, das ist / sind
Yes, that / those is / are
A. Nein, das ist / sindnicht
No, that/those is / are not
+
Q. Kommen SieIs / are that / those
A. Ja, ich komme
Yes, that / those is / are
A. Nein, ich kommenicht
No, that/those is / are not
Dative
preposition
mitwith
beiby/ with
ausfrom
nachafter
vonfrom/by
masc. fem. neut. plur.
dem der dem den
Dative article
Sie ist bei mir heute.
She is by me (at my house) today.
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7. Asking About / Expressing Possession or ownership
Genitive Case - Possession(See possessive pronouns in a German reference book)o
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Singular Plural
meinmy
unserour
deinyour
eueryour
seinhis
ihr/Ihrtheir/you
(formal)r
addefor
feminine
and plural
add enfor
masculine
Examples:
Q. Haben Siemein Buch Mormon? A. Ja, ich habeIhr Buch Mormon.Do you have my Book of Mormon? Yes, I have your Book of Mormon.
Q. Ist er der Vater des Mdels? A. Nein, er ist der Untersucher des Missionars.Is he the girls father? No, he is the missionarys investigator.
Bleistift (e) mpencil
Untersucher (e) minvestigator
Buch Mormon nBook of Mormon
Kleid (er) ndress
Krawatte (n) fnecktie
Hose (n) fpair of pants
Bcher plbooks
Schuhe pl
shoes
Q. Haben SieHave you
A. Ja, ich habeYes, I have
A. Nein, ich habe ___ nicht.No, I have ___ not.
++
Q. Ist erIs he
sieshe
esit
A. Ja, er isthe
sieshe
esit
der Vaterthe father
die Mutterthe mother
der Untersucherthe investigator
der Mannthe husband
die Frauthe wife
Jung(es) mboyMdel(s) n
girl
Missionar(s) mmissionary
Frau fwoman
Mann(es) mhusband
masc. fem. neut. plur.
des der des der
Genitive article
* Note*Mostmasculine and neuter
words with the des article take on
the (-es) ending on the noun itself, as
seen here.
Ich habe Ihr Buch Mormon
I have your Book of Mormon
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8. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their Characteristics
Adjectives - Weak(See strong/weak adjective chart in appendix)
der
die
das
die
gutegood
hilfreichehelpful
wichtigeimportant
bayrische
Bavarian
Mann.man.
Missionarin.missionary.
Vorbild.example.
Leute
people.
den
die
das
die
gutengood
hilfreichehelpful
wichtigeimportant
bayrischeBavarian
Mann.man.
Missionarin.missionary.
Vorbild.example.
Leute
people.
Ich binI am
Sie sind
They are
Ich seheI see
Du schtzstYou appreciate
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sie die hilfriche Missionarin?Did you see the helpful missionary?
A. Ja, ich sehe die gute Missionarin.Yes, I see the good missionary.
A. Nein, ich sehe keine hilfreiche Missionarin.No, I dont see any helpful missionary.
* Note* The rule of thumb is thatSOMETHING must show the
number, gender, and caseof the
noun. If the indefinite article does not,then the adjective must. But if the
article does, then the adjective will
take these weak endings (see theappendix).
Q. Schtzen Sie das gute Vorbild?Do you appreciate the good example?
A. Ja, ich schtze sehr das gute Vorbild.Yes, I appreciate the good example very
much .
nominative
accusative
Er ist der gute Missionar.
He is the good missionary.
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9. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
Adjectives Strong
ein
eine
ein
die
gutergood
hilfreichehelpful
wichtigesimportant
bayrischeBavarian
Mann.man.
Missionarin.missionary.
Vorbild.example.
Leute
people.
gutengood
tiefgefhlteheartfelt
warmeswarm
schwbischeSwabian
Fortschritt.progress.
Dankbarkeit.gratitude.
Essen.food.
Leutepeople.
Ich binI am
Sie sindThey are
Ich seheI see
Du schtzstYou appreciate
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sie guten Forschritt?Do you see good progress?
A. Ja, sie macht vielen Fortschritt.Yes, she is making a lot of progress.
A. Nein, Sie macht keinen Fortschritt.
No, she isnt making any progress.
Q. Ist er ein guter Mann?Is he a good man?
A. Natrlich, ist er ein guter Mann.
Of course he is a good man!
A. Ja, Er ist ein gutes Vorbild.
Yes, he is a good example.
Er ist ein guter Missionar.
He is a good missionary.
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10. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
to have to/ must
mssen = must / to have to
Examples:
Q. Mssen SieDeutsch lernen? A. Ja,ich mussDeutsch lernen.Must you German learn? Yes, I must German learn.
(Do you have to learn German?) (Yes, I have to learn German.)
A. Nein,ich mussnicht Deutsch lernen.No, I must not German learn.
(No, I dont have to learn German.)
Q. Muss er sie erreichen? A. Ja, er musssie erreichen.Must he of her get a hold of? Yes, he must of her get a hold of.
(Does he have to get a hold of her?) (Yes, he has to get a hold of her.)
A. Nein,er muss sie nicht erreichen.No, he must of her not get a hold of.
(No, he doesnt have to get a hold of her.)
um Glauben bitten for faith ask for.
auf ihn warten for him wait.
so langsam gehen so slowly walk.
heute singen ben today to sing practice
Deutsch lernen German study/learn.
auf die Toilette gehen to the toilet go.
gehorsam sein obedient be.
so schnell essen sofast eat.
jetzt weitermachen now continue.
sie erreichen her get a hold of.
Ich muss Wir mssenI must We must
Du musst Ihr msstYou must You must
Sie mssen*You must
Er muss Sie mssenHe must They must
Sie mussShe must
Es mussIt must
(nicht)
not
1st
2nd
3rd
+ +
* German Verb Rule: There can be only one verb in second position in a sentence. All other verbs must
come at the end of the sentence in the opposite order in which they would have come initially. See 21 for the
only exception.
Sie mssen Deutsch lernen.
You must German learn.
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11. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
to be able to/ can
knnen = can / to be able to
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
Klavier spielen. piano play.
Englisch sprechen. English speak.
gut singen. well sing.
gut kochen. good cook.
warten. wait.hart arbeiten. hard work.
mit dem Mann sprechen. with the man speak.
auf Deutsch beten. in German pray.
mit uns gehen. with us come.
zur Kirche gehen. to church go.
Examples:
Q. Kannst du mit uns kommen? A. Nein,Ich kannnicht kommen.
Can you come with us? No, you can not come.
A. Ja, Ich kann kommen.Yes, you can well sing.
Q. Kann erschwer arbeiten? A. Ja,er kannschwer arbeiten.Can he hard work? Yes, he can hard work
A. Nein,er kannnicht hart arbeiten.
. No, he can not hard work.
Ich kann Wir knnenI can We can
Du kannst Ihr knntYou can You can
Sie knnen*You can
Er kann Sie knnenHe can They can
Sie kannShe can
Es kannIt can
+ +(nicht)
not
Du kannst Deutsch sprechen.
I can German speak.
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12. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
drfen
drfen = may / to be allowed to
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
telefonieren call
beten pray
das haben that have
mit Ihnen sprechen with you speak
die Toilette benutzen the toilet use
herein kommen inside come
lange schlafen long sleep
mit ihr lernen with her study / learn
zum Essen kommen for dinner come
hier sitzen here sit
+(nicht)
not+
Examples:
Q. Darf ich telefonieren? A. Ja,du darfsttelefonieren.May I call? Yes, you may call.
A. Nein,du darfstnicht telefonieren.
No, you may not call.
Q.Drfen wir hier sitzen? A. Ja,Sie drfenhier sitzen.May we here sit? Yes, you may here sit.
A. Nein, Sie drfennicht hier sitzen.
No, you may not here sit.
Ich darf Wir drfenI may We may
Du darfst Ihr drftYou may You may
Sie drfen*You may
Er darf Sie drfenHe may They may
Sie darfShe may
Es darfIt may
Ich darf nicht lange schlafen.
I may not long sleep.
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13. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
mgen
mgen = to like / to like to
Singular Plural
den Zugthe train
die Suppethe soupdie Blumenthe flowers
Sportsports
seine Krawattehis necktie
1st
2nd
3rd
++(nicht)
not
Examples:
Q. Mgen Sieden Zug? A. Ja,ich magden Zug. A. Nein,ich magden Zug nicht.Like you the train? Yes, I like the train. No, I like the train not.
(Do you like the train?) (Yes, I like the train.) (No, I dont like the train.)
Q. Mag erSport? A. Ja,er magSport. A. Nein, er magSportnicht.Likes he sports? Yes, he likes sports. No, he likes sports not.
(Does he like sports?) (Yes, he likes sports.) (No, he doesnt like sports.)
Ich mag Wir mgenI like We like
Du magst Ihr mgtYou like You like
Sie mgen*You like
Er mag Sie mgenHe likes They like
Sie magShe likes
Es magIt likes
Du magst die Suppe.
You like the soup.
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14. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
mchten
mchten = would like
Singular Plural helfen.to help.
mitgehen.with to go.selbst fahren.self to drive.hart arbeiten.
hard to work.mit Ihnen sprechen.with you to talk to.
in den Schriften lesen.in the scriptures to read.
mein Zeugnis geben.my testimony to give.
die Wohnung putzen.the apartment to clean.
das Brot essen.the bread to eat.
1st
2nd
3rd
+
+(nicht)
not
Examples:
Q. Mchten Siehelfen? A. Ja. Ich mchtehelfen.Would you like to help? Yes, I would like to help.
A. Nein, ich mchtenicht helfen.No, I would like not to help
Q. Mchte er sein Zeugnis geben? A. Ja,er mchtesein Zeugnis geben.Would he like his testimony to give? Yes, he would like his testimony to give.
A. Nein,er mchtesein Zeugnis nicht geben.No, he would like his testimony not give.
Ich mchte Wir mchtenI would like We would like
Du mchtest Ihr mchtetYou would like You would like
Sie mchten*You would
Er mchte Sie mchtenHe would like They would like
Sie mchteShe would like
Es mchteIt would like
Ich mchte helfen.
I would like to help.
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15. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
Future tense
werden = will
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
Kirche.the church.
hrterharder
zu Hauseat home
das Buch Mormonthe Book of Mormon
das Essenthe food
den Umrissthe outline
den Erlsungsplanthe plan of salvation
Examples:
Q. Werden Siedarber beten? A. Ja,ich werdedarber beten.Will you about that pray? Yes, I will about that pray.
A. Nein, ich werdenicht darber betenNo, I will not about that pray.
Q. Wird er das Essen kaufen? A. Ja,er wirddas Essen kaufen.Will he the food buy? Yes, he will the food buy.
A. Nein,er wirddas Essen nicht kaufenNo, he will the food not buy.
Ich werde Wir werdenI will We will
Du wirst Ihr werdetyou will You will
Sie werden*You will
Er wird Sie werdenHe will They will
Sie wirdShe will
Es wirdIt will
kommen.come.
arbeiten.work.
bleiben.stay.
beten.pray.
lesen.read.
kaufen.buy.
brauchen.need.
erklren.explain.
++
zu(r)to (fem.)/ at
darberabout that
umabout
Ich werde zu Hause beten.
I will at home pray.
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16. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose
Purpose clauses
gehen = to go
Singular Plural die Kirchechurch
die Stadt,the citydie Schweiz,the SwitzerlandHause,homeFrankfurt,Frankfurt
Tempel,the temple
Kirche,the church
die Eldersthe Elders
einkaufen.to shop
auf Mission.on mission
Essenfood
dortthere
Inspiration.inspiration to receive
Bndnissecovenants
Examples:
Q. Gehen Siein die Stadt um die Elders zu finden?Are you going to the city to find the elders?
A. Ja,ich gehein die Stadt um die Elders zu finden.
Yes, Im going to the city to find the elders.
Q. Geht er nach Frankfurt um dort zu arbeiten?Is he going to Frankfurt in order to work?
A. Nein, er gehtnach Frankfurt um zum Temple zu gehen.No,he is going to Frankfurt in order to go to the temple.
Ich gehe Wir gehenI go We go
Du gehst Ihr gehtYou go You go
Sie gehen*You go
Er geht Sie gehenHe goes They go
Sie gehtShe goes
Es gehtIt goes
+
umin order
finden.to find.gehen.to go.
machen.to make.
arbeiten.to work.bekommen.to receive.
erneuern.
to renew.
durchthrough.ininto/in
nachto
zum (r)to
zuto+ +++
+
Ich gehe nach Hause um Essen zu kochen.
I go to home in order food to cook.
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17. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events
Conversational Past: haben(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)
haben = to have
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
+
Examples:
Q.HabenSie den Bleistiftgekauft? A. Ja, ichhabe den Bleistiftgekauft.Have you the pencil bought? Yes, I have the pencil bought.
A. Nein, ich habeden Bleistift nicht gekauft.No, I have the pencil not bought.
Q. Hat er das Bild gemalt? A. Ja, er hat das Bild gemalt.
Has he the picture painted? Yes, he has the picture painted.
A. Nein, er hat das Bild nicht gemalt.
No, he has the picture not painted.
Ich habe Wir habenI have We have
Du hast Ihr habtYou have You have
Sie haben*You have
Er hat Sie habenHe has They have
Sie hatShe has
Es hatIt has
den Bleistift gekauft.
the pencil bought.
den Mann gekannt.the man known.
das Gebet gesprochen.the prayer said.
dieses Bild gemalt.this picture painted.das Lied gesungen.the song sung.
das Buch gelesen.the book read.
die Katze gesehen.the cat seen.
+
(nicht)
not +
Ich habe gut geschlafen.I have good slept.
** Exception (see appendix)*** *intransitive verb
Du hast das Gebet gesprochen.
You have the prayer spoke.
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18. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events
Conversational Past: sein(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)
sein = to be
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
Examples:
Q. Ister zur Kirchegegangen? A. Ja, eristzur Kirchegegangen.Is (has) he to church gone? Yes, he is (has) to church gone.
A. Nein, eristnicht zur Kirchegegangen.
No, he is (has) not to church gone.
Q. Sind wir schnell gelaufen? A. Ja, wir sind schnell gelaufen.Are (have) we fast ran? Yes, we are (have) fast ran.
A. Nein, wir sind nicht schnell gelaufen.No, we are (have) not fast ran.
Ich bin Wir sindI am We are
Du bist Ihr seidyou are You are
Sie sind*You are
Er ist Sie sindHe is They are
Sie istShe is
Es istIt is
nach Hause gegangen.to home gone.
nach Berlin gefahren.to Berlin driven.
nach Frankreich geflogen.
to France flown.auf Mission gewesen.on mission been.
zu Hause geblieben.at home stayed.
schnell gelaufen.fast ran.
+ +
(nicht)
not
+
Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.
We have (to) Home gone
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19. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events
Two way prepositions; directional words(See two way prepositions in appendix)
When the verb indicates a change of location (where to/ wohin) these prepositions require an
accusative object. When the verb indicates a location only (where/ wo) these prepositions require a
dative object.
ich wir
du ihr
er sie
Examples:Q. WohingehenSie? A. Ich gehein dieKirche.
Where to go you? I go (in) to the church.
Q. WosindSie? A. Ich binin derKirche.Where are you? I am in the church.
aufon (horizontally)
anon (vertically)
nebennext to
zwischen
between
vorin front of
inin, into
hinterbehind
berabove
unterunder
Wo + herWhere from
Wo + hinWhere to
gehengo
kommencome
fahrendrive/
travel
reisenquestionanswer
den Fugang.the sidewalk.
den Mann.the man.
den Mann und die Frau
the man and women.die Bank.the bank.
den Tunnel.the tunnel.
meinen Freund.my friend.
die Brcke.the bridge.
die Hochstrae.the overpass.
Wo+hin gehen Sie?
To where go you?
Wir gehen in die Kirche.
We go to the church.
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20. Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Place, Purpose - Part 2(Time Telling Aid in appendix)
Q. WannWhen
Bis wannUntil when
Seit wannSince when
gehen Siego
bleiben Siestay
sind Sieare you
nachto(country, state, city)
zu (m)(r)to (place in town, specific
location)
Hause?home?
hier?here?
Supermarkt?supermarket?
A. AlsWhen
BisUntil
SeitSince
die Partythe party
sechszehn Uhrthe party
dem Anfangthe beginning
vorbei ist.over is.
bleibe ichstay I.
bin icham I.
Examples:Q. Wann gehen Sie nach Hause? A. Als die Party vorbei ist.
When are you going home? When the party is over.
Q. Bis wann bleiben Sie hier? A. Bis sechzehn Uhr bleibe ich.Until when are you staying? I am staying until 4pm.
Wann kommst du zur Kirche?
When come you to church?
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21. Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
verb kickers
Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen. Ichwilldem Herrn dienen.I have to Germany come. I want the Lord to serve.
+
weilbecause
(will)
Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen, weilich dem Herrn dienenwill.I have to Germany come, because I the Lord to serve want.
1st clause. . . . verb kicker 2nd clause... (verb).
Ich weiss,I know,
Ich habe Tennis gespielt,I have tennis played,
Wir werden zurckkommen,
We will come back,
Ist es in Ordnung,Is it o.k.,
Ich wiederhole es,I repeat it,
Ich bin auf Mission,I am on mission,
dassthat
bevorbefore
nachdem
after
wennif
damitso that
weilbecause
Joseph Smith ein Prophetist.Joseph Smith a prophet is.
ich auf Mission gekommen binI on mission come have.
Sie gegessen haben.
you eaten have.
wir spter noch einmal anrufenwe later again call?
Sie es nicht vergessen.you it not forget.
ich dem Herrn dienen will.I the Lord serve want.
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22. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories
Past of sein: waren
waren = was / were
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
jung - young
katholisch - Catholic
evangelisch - Protestant
glcklich - happy
traurig - sad
mde - tiredspt - late
vor zwei Jahren in Deutschland.in Germany two years ago.
beim Schlafen.(at) sleeping.
beim Essen.(at) eating.
froh, nach Mnchen zu kommen.glad, to Munich to come.
dankbar, auf Mission zu sein.thankful, on a mission to be.
(nicht)not
Examples:
Q. Warenwir spt dran? A. Ja, wirwarenspt dran.Were we late? Yes, we were late.
A.Nein, wirwarennicht spt dran.No, we were not late.
Q. Warer beim Essen? A. Ja, erwarbeim Essen.Was he (at) eating? Yes, he was (at) eating.
A. Nein, er warnicht beim Essen.No, he was not (at) eating.
Ich war Wir warenI was We were
Du warst Ihr wartYou were You were
Sie waren*You were
Er war Sie warenHe was They were
Sie warShe was
Es war
It was
Er war vor zwei Jahren katholisch.
He was two years ago (before) Catholic.
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23. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 2
Accusative Reflexive Pronouns
Regular Pronouns Accusative Reflexive Pronouns
Singular Plural Singular Plural
+ verb + + extras
(wundern) warum
to wonder why
Example:
Q. Kommt er zur Kirche?Does he come to church?
A. Nein, ich frage mich warumNo, I ask myself why (I wonder why)?
Ich WirI We
Du IhrYou You
Sie*You
Er SieHe They
SieShe
Es
It
1st
2nd
3rd
mich unsmyself ourselves
dich euchyourself yourselves
sich*yourself(ves)
sich sichhimself/ themselvesherself/
itself
Non-reflexive Reflexive
Ich frage ihn. Ich frage mich.I ask him. I ask myself.
Du schneidest Brot. Du schneidest dich.You cut bread. You cut yourself.
Wir fragen uns warum.
We ask ourselves why.
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+ verb + + body part**
(waschen) (die Hnde)
to wash the hands
24. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 3
Dative Reflexive Pronouns
Regular Pronouns Dative Reflexive Pronouns
Non-reflexive
Ich gebe es ihm. Ich wasche mir die Hnde.I give it to him. I wash (myself) (my) hands.
Du kaufst ein Brot. Du kaufst es dir.You buy a bread. You buy it yourself.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Examples:
Q.Wschst du dir die Hnde? A. Ja, ich wasche mir die Hnde.Wash you yourself the hands? Yes, I wash myself the hands.
A. Nein, ich wasche mir nicht die Hnde.
No, I wash myself not the hands.
Q. Wscht er sich die Fsse? A. Ja, er wscht sich die Fsse.Washes he himself the feet? Yes, he washes himself the feet.
A. Nein, er wscht sich nicht die Fsse.No, he washes himself not the feet.
1st
2nd
3rd
Ich WirI We
Du IhrYou You
Sie*You
Er SieHe They
SieSheEsIt
1st
2nd
3rd
mir unsmyself ourselves
dir euchyourself yourselves
sichYourself(ves)
sich sichhimself/ themselves
herself/
iselft
Reflexive
Ich wasche mir die Hnde.
I wash myself the hands.
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25. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention
Conditional: wrden
wrden = would
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
gern besser Deutsch sprechen.like better German speak.
gern die Schriften auswendig lernen.like the scriptures by heart learn.
dir gern helfen.you like help.
ihm schreiben, wenner mir schreibenwrde.to him write, ifhe to me write would.
den Geist spren, wenner Moroni 10 lesenwrde.the Spirit feel, ifhe Moroni 10 read would.
das Geschirr splen, wenndu helfenwrdest.
the dishes wash, ifyou help would.
das Auto waschen, wennes nicht regnenwrde.the car wash, ifit not rain would.
+
Examples:
Q. WrdenSie mir bitte helfen? A. Ja, ichwrdeIhnen helfen.Would you me please help? Yes, I would you love to help.
A. Nein, ichmchte nicht helfen.
No, I would not like to help.Q. Wrdeer gern mit uns gehen? A. Ja, erwrdemit uns gehen.Would he like with us to go? Yes, he would like with us to go.
A. Nein, er wrde nicht gern mit uns gehen.No,he would not like with us to go.
Ich wrde Wir wrdenI would We would
Du wrdest Ihr wrdetYou would You would
Sie wrden*You would
Er wrde Sie wrdenHe would They would
Sie wrdeShe would
Es wrde
It would
Wir wrden dir gern helfen.
We would like to help you.
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26. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention
Conditional: htten
wrden + haben = httenwould + to have = would have
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
gern zehn Brtchen.like 10 rolls. (ordering)
mehr Zeit, wenn wir nicht schlafen wrden.more time, if we not sleep would.
bessere Noten, wenn sie ihre Hausaufgaben machen
wrde.better grades, if she her homework do would.
nicht auf Mission kommen knnen,wennmeine Familiemir nicht helfen wrde.not on mission come could, if my family me not help would.
+
Examples:
Q. Htteich Geld, wenn ich nicht essen wrde? A. Ja, Sie htten Geld.
Would I have money, if I not eat would? Yes, you would have money.
A. Nein, sie htten kein Geld.
No, you would have no money.
Q. Htten wir Erfolg, wenn wir nicht studieren wrden? A. Ja, Sie htten Erfolg.
Would we have success, if we not study would? Yes, you would have success.
A. Nein, sie htten keinen Erfolg.
No, you would have no success.
Ich htte Wir httenI would have We would have
Du httest Ihr httetYou would have You would have
Sie htten*You would have
Er htte Sie httenHe would have They would have
Sie htteShe would have
Es htteIt would have
Sie htten mehr Zeit, wenn Sie nicht schlafen wrden.
She would have more time, if she wouldnt sleep.
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27. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention
Conditional: wren
wrden + sein = wrenwould + to be = would be
Singular Plural
1st
2nd
3rd
ein guter Koch, wenn ich nicht alles anbrennen liesse.a good cook, if I not everything let burn.
ein Mitglied, wenn die Eltern es erlauben wrden.a member, if the parents it allow would.
schon fertig, wenn das Telefon nicht geklingelt htte.
already ready, if the telephone not rung had.
schon da, wenn der Zug schneller fahren wrde.already there, if the train faster drive would.
schneller fertig, wenn er mir helfen wrde.faster ready, if he me help would.
+
Examples:
Q.Wrst du lieber zu Hause? A. Ja, ich wre lieber zu Hause.Would you be rather at home? Yes, I would be rather at home.
A. Nein, ich wre nicht lieber zu Hause.No, I would not be rather at home.
Q. Wren sie glcklicher? A. Ja, sie wren glcklicher.
Would they be happier? Yes, they would be happier.
A. Nein, sie wren nicht glcklicher.
No, they would not be happier.
Ich wre Wir wrenI would be We would be
Du wrst Ihr wretYou would be You would be
Sie wren*You would be
Er wre Sie wrenHe would be They would be
Sie wreShe would be
Es wreIt would be
Es wre gut, wenn er mit helfen wrde.
It would be good, if he would help me.
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28. Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings
What do you think about ?
Q. WiesoHow is it that
A. WeilBecause
Q. WarumWhy
A. Ich denkeI think
glauben Sieyou believe
meinen Siethink you that
dassthat
GottGod
ichI
wirwe
esit
existiertexists.
spre.exists.
taufen lassen
sollen?should be baptized?
seine Liebehis love
unsus
wichtig ist.important is.
Examples:
Q. Wieso glauben Sie dass Gott existiert.How is it that you believe that God exists?
A. Weil ich seine Liebe spre.Because I feel his love.
Q. Warum meinen Sie dass wir uns taufen lassen sollen?Why do you think that we should be baptized?
A. Ich denke dass es wichtig ist.I think that it is important.
+ +
Wieso glauben Sie dass es wichtig ist sich taufen zu lassen?
How is it that you believe that it important is to be baptized?
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29. Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence
Wie questions
Q. WieHowWie viel
How much/manyWie oft
How often
Wie grossHow big
Wie wichtigHow important
soso
so vielthis/as much/many
so oftthis/as often
so grossthis/as big
so wichtigthis/as important
wieas
mglich.possible.
Sie knnen.you are able.
eine normale
Gemeinde.a normal
congregation.
in die Kirche zu
gehen.to go to church.
kommen Sie zur Kirche?do you come to church?
mchten Sie?would you like?knnen Sie?are you able?
ist die Kirche?is the church?
ist es dass ich in den Temple gehe?is it that I go to the temple?
Examples:
Q. Wie oft kommen Sie zur Kirche?
How often do you come to church?A. Ich komme so oft wie mglich.I come as often as possible.
Q. Wie viel Mal haben Sie gelesen?How many times have you read?
A. Ich habe fnf mal diese Woche gelesen.I read five times this week.
A. Ich kommeI come
Ich mchteI would like
Ich kannI am able
Die Kirche istThe church is
Ich finde esI find it
+ +
Wie-word verb comparison
Wie oft kommen Sie zur Kirche?
How often come you to church?
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Appendix
Article Chart:
Definite:Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural
Nominative der das die die
Accusative den das die die
Dative dem dem der den /en
Genitive des /es des /es der der
Indefinite:Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural
Nominative ein ein eine keine
Accusative einen ein eine keine
Dative einem einem einer keinen
Genitive eines eines einer einer
Accusative Prepositions Dative Prepositions
durch aus
fr auer
gegen beiohne mit
um nach
seitvon
zu
Adjective endings - weakMasculine Neutral Feminine Plural
Nominative -e -e -e -e
Accusative -en -e -e -en
Dative -en -en -en -en
Genitive -en -en -en -en
Adjective endings - strong
Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural
Nominative -er -es -e -e
Accusative -en -es -e -e
Dative -em -em -er -en
Genitive -es -es -er -er
Two way Prepositions
an
auf
hinterin
neben
berunter
vor
zwischen
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Present Regular Verb Conjugation
Take the en off the end of the verb and add the endings shown in the table below based on the subject.
Simple Past Verb Conjugation Weak Verb
For weak verbs take the en off the end and add the endings shown in the table below based on the
subject.
Types of Verbs:
Strong
bekommen bekam - bekommen
Mix
wissen wusste - gewusst
schlafen - schlief geschlafen
kennen kannte - gekannt
ertrumen ertrumte ertrumt
Weak
beten betete gebetet
-e -en
-st -t
-en-t -en
-te -ten-test -tet
-ten
-te -ten
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Verb Guide Chart
Active Passive Infinitive Participle
Present habehave
wird gehabt
be hadhaben
to have
Conversational Past habe gehabt
have had
wurde gehabt
was had
gehabt
hadSimple Past hatte
had
Future werde habenwill have
wird haben werden
will be had
Conditional httewould have
wrde gehabt
would be had
Active Passive Infinitive ParticiplePresent bete
praywird gebetet
be prayedbeten
to pray
Conversational Past habe gebetethave prayed
wurde gebetet
was prayedgebetet
prayed
Simple Past beteteprayed
Future werde beten
will pray
wird gebetet werden
will be prayedConditional wrde beten
would praywrde gebetet werden
would be prayed
Active Passive Infinitive Participle
Present gehepray
- gehento go
Conversational Past bin gegangenhave prayed
- gegangenprayed
Simple Past gingprayed
-
Future werde gehen
will go
-
Conditional wrde gehen
would pray
-
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Conversational Past: haben vs. sein
Direct object ?
yes no
haben
motion?
no
yes
sein
Du hast das Gebet gesprochen.You
have the prayer said.
Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.We have (are) (to) home gone.
Ich habe gut geschlafen.We
have well slept.
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Time Telling Aid
..5 nach 2
..5 past 2
.. nach 2
.. past 2
..20 nach 2
..20 past 2
..5 vor halb 3
..5 before half
..kurz vor halb 3
..short before half 3
..halb 3
..half 3...kurz nach halb 3..short after half 3
.. vor 3
.. to 3
..5 nach halb 3
..5 after half 3
..10 nach halb 3
..10 after half 3
..kurz vor 3
..short before 3
..3 Uhr.
..3 oclock
..2 Uhr.
..2 oclock
.. kurz nach 2
..short after 2
..10 vor 3
..10 to 3
.. 5 vor 3
..5 to 3
..10 nach 2
..10 past 2