German Development Institute - die-gdi.de · German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Annual Report 2013 – 2014 German Development Institute

Ger

man

Dev

elop

men

t Ins

titu

te /

Deu

tsch

es In

stit

ut fü

r Ent

wic

klun

gspo

litik

(DIE

) A

nnua

l Rep

ort 2

013

– 20

14

German DevelopmentInstituteDeutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

Annual Report 2013 – 2014

50 years of building bridges between research and practice

Annual Report 2013 – 2014

3

Preface

6 Dirk Messner and Imme Scholz

A Word of Welcome

8 Joachim Gauck

The President of the Federal Republic of Germany

10 Gerd Müller MdB

Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development

12 Svenja Schulze

Minister for Innovation, Science and Research of North Rhine-Westphalia

Research | Policy Advice | Training

16 Visibilityandinfluencethroughknowledge–theDIEpublications

20 50yearsofdynamicknowledge

26 Over60yearsofGermandevelopmentpolicy:nosignofretiringyet

30 Theglobalcommonscentury

36 Post-2015:Anopportunityforsocialandecologicaldevelopment

40 TTIP–opportunitiesandrisksforglobaldevelopment

46 BeyondAid–Theinfluenceofnon-traditionaldevelopmentco-operation

52 DevelopmentStudiesandtheDIE:AReadingfromtheGlobalSouth

56 Canwelearnfromco-operationresearch?

62 The People of DIE

64 Annual Financial Statement 2013

Publications

70 BriefingPaper

72 AnalysenundStellungnahmen

73 Discussion Paper

76 Studies

75 Books

80 Imprint

81 Board of Trustees

Organisational Chart

(Cover)

Content

Congratulations

“On behalf of the KfW Banking

Group I would like to congratulate

the German Development Institute /

Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik

(DIE) on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. Many

of our staff have been greatly influenced in matters of

development policy within the DIE and established

contacts that have endured over the years and

across organisational borders. The DIE is also indis-

pensable as source of inspiration - successfully

combining both theory and practice in its

research and advisory work. We wish

you continuing success!”

Norbert Kloppenburg, KfW Banking Group

“Over the past 50 years,

the German Development Institute /

Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

has provided important impulses in the field of inter-

national co-operation. Matters of global sustainability and

environmental and climate protection have occupied a central

role in this. Many congratulations! Keep it up!”

Barbara Hendricks, Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety

“I congratulate the German

Development Institute / Deutsches

Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

for its valuable work on global issues and

international development over the last 50

years. The Institute's activities and research,

such as the contribution to the European Report on

Development initiative, have significantly helped to improve

knowledge-based policy making in European and international

organisations.”

Françoise Moreau, European Commission, DG-Development and Cooperation-EuropeAid

“DIE has fundamentally

influenced the mode of thought

in development policy in Germany

over the past 50 years and has matured

into one of the leading think-tanks. Develop-

ment keeps surprising us and requires

strategic forward thinking. The DIE will

therefore be needed over the next 50

years. Congratulations on all that has been

achieved to date and best wishes for

the future.”

Joachim von Braun, Centre for Development Research (ZEF)

“50 years of the

German Development

Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

– means 50 years of application-oriented departmental research

and high level scientific work. Research is questioning and breaking

through age old patterns of thought, overstepping boundaries and having

the courage to tread new paths. In this respect, throughout the 50 years of

its existence, DIE has very much convincingly understood how to help support

and characterise the Federal Government’s development policy in a critical, constructive

manner. At times this has revealed uncomfortable truths yet has always been instructive

and result-orientated. The complexity of the global challenges at hand requires diverse

and even innovative solution approaches and DIE offers precisely this. With their

research, the staff at DIE will continue to be central to solving the problems of

human-kind in the future and for this I wish them continuing success!”

Friedrich Kitschelt, State Secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

“50 years of the German De-

velopment Institute / Deutsches

Institut für Entwicklungspolitik

(DIE) represent 50 years of well-found-

ed scientific research into the central

future-related topics regarding development

co-operation. Not only have these been of major

significance to VENRO and non-governmental organi-

sations, they continue to be. We look forward in the years to come

to well-considered analyses and inspiring thoughts on the future

of international co-operation. We offer our heartfelt congratulations

and wish you all power and courage for the future!”

Bernd Bornhorst, VENRO

6 Forschung | Beratung | Ausbildung

Fifty years of the German Development Institute /

DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)–it

isanhonourforbothofustobeabletospeakatthis

jubileeonbehalfofaninstitutethathassuchalong

andremarkablehistory-andnodoubtfuture,inview

oftheincreasinginternationalinterrelationsand

growingimportanceofmanyemerginganddevel-

opingcountries.Globaldevelopmentco-operation

issettoincreasefurtherinsignificancewiththese

worldwideeconomic,political,socialandecological

interdependencies.

DIEwascreated50yearsago,asatraininginsti-

tute.Therewasarequirementtotrainmanagement

staffforthenewly-createdGermandevelopment

policyinstitutions.1971sawtheadditionofresearch

andpolicy-advisingactivities–theFederalMinistry

for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

soonidentifiednewrequirementsforthenascent

institutetoserve.Thesefieldsoftasksremaincentral

totheInstitutetothisdayanditisauniquecharacter

traitthatthethreefieldsarenotisolatedfromeach

otherbutareinsteadamalgamatedwithoneanother:

research topics arise from both problems in practice

andacademiccuriosityandthedesiretoclosegaps

inknowledge;thetrainingbenefitsfromacademic

knowledgeandthereflectionofpracticalexperience;

policyadvicedrawsonresearchandservestoaddress

questionsregardingthefuturedevelopmentofthe

policyarea.

OvertheyearsitispossibletoobservehowDIE

hasgrowntoaddressitstasksandtacklenewques-

tionsandissues.Inthefirsttrainingcourse,in1965,

wefindabroadspectrumofsubjectsrangingfrom

“Communicationintheserviceofdistributingnew

ideasandpractices,investigatedintheexampleof

Afghanistan”andonto“Problemsofdeveloping

newlandintheBolivianlowlandsthroughthe

resettlementofhighlandIndios”.Fromthepresent-

dayviewpoint,acuriouslytopicalrangeofthemes,

althoughcommunicationtodayismostofall

electronicandtheindigenouspopulationofthe

Bolivianhighlandsandlowlandsisnowthepolitically

dominantclass.

Inthe1970sand1980stheInstitutebegan

to focus on in-depth research into development

problemsinsectorsandregions.Theopeningupof

thedevelopingcountriestotheglobaleconomyfrom

themid-1980sonwardsbecameacentraltheme.The

6 Preface

77

Institutehoneditsacademicandscientificprofileand

acquiredthecapabilitytoadvisetheBMZ,particularly

onstrategicandprogrammaticissues.Therewasalso

goodcauseforthis,asrapiddevelopmentsuccesses

asaconsequenceofdevelopmentco-operation

provedtheexception.

Inthelast15–20yearswehaveobservedhow

“theSouth”ischanging,resultinginareductionindis-

paritybetweenthecountries,althoughthisinequality

isgrowingwithinmanyofthecountriesthemselves.

Owndevelopmentresourcesarebeingcreatedwithin

thecountriesanditisbecomingapparentthatasus-

tainableimprovementinlivingconditionsisprimarily

aquestionofpoliticalprioritiesandconstellations.

Thesignificanceofclassicdevelopmentpolicyisreced-

ingasaresult–butthereisanambitiousinternational

agendathattakessocialjustice,politicalparticipation

andecologicalsustainabilityasanobligationtowards

presentandfuturegenerationsseriously:incountries

rich and poor, development co-operation issues have

apositionofgreatimportance.

Today,therearenewchallengesfacinginterna-

tionalco-operation.Thereisaneedtoadaptour

economic practices to ensure the full provision of

renewableenergysourcesby2050.Therefore,weare

nowfamiliarwiththetechnology,manymorepeople

havethenecessarytrainingandeducationtocompre-

hendandassistthisrapidtransitionandthefinancial

resourcesrequiredareavailable.Atthesametime,

culturalco-operationisalsogrowinginsignificance.In

apost-Westernworldorderitisimportantforbridges

tobebuiltbetween,forexample,Asian,Islamicand

Westernworldviewsinordertokeepinternational

conflictsmanageable.

Undertheseconditions,beingattheforefront

ofresearch,policyadviceandtrainingisaprivilege

andagreatresponsibilitythatweattheDIEare

happytobear.Atthispointwewouldliketoexpress

ourthanks,firstandforemosttothestaffatthe

DIE,who,withtheircommitment,theirpassionfor

knowledgeandtheiractions,havemadetheinsti-

tutewhatitistoday.And,naturally,wealsowishto

thankourshareholders,themembersofourBoard

ofTrusteesandourresearchpartnersthroughoutthe

world,whosupportandaccompanyusonourpath.

Ofonethingwearecertain:globaldevelopment

co-operationcanonlybeasgoodastheknowledge

foundationsuponwhichitisbuilt.

left:

Dirk Messner

Director

right:

Imme Scholz

Deputy Director


Message from the President of the Federal

Republic of Germany for the German Develop-

ment Institute’s 50th anniversary

ThisAnnualReportissomethingveryspecial.The

German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut

fürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)looksbacknotjust

overthepastfewmonthsbutoverhalfacenturyof

research,consultancyandtraining.Heartfeltcon-

gratulations!

To all the Institute’s members and partners I

wouldliketosayapersonalthankyouforyourinput

and ideas, and above all for your readiness to meas-

urethesuccessofyourworkintermsofrealitieson

theground.Thisapproachinfluenceseventhekind

oflanguageyouuse.Manyofthosewhopublishon

developmentanditscomplexramificationsemploya

jargonoftenhardfornon-expertstounderstand.Not

sotheDIE.Youareadeptalsoatcommunicatingwith

thejournalistlookingforexamplesoftradeprotec-

tionismortheteenagerpreparingaclasspresenta-

tiononchildpoverty.FromshortfilmonYouTube

tohigh-calibrestudy,youmakeuseofvirtuallyall

availablechannelstoinformandadvise.

Youhelpdevelopentirelynewconcepts,moreo-

ver,whenrealityhasmadecurrentwaysofthink-

ingandcommunicatingobsolete.Andyouremind

ushowimportantitistolookbeyondtraditional

“either-or”distinctions–conventionalcategories

suchasindustrialisedanddevelopingcountries,

donorsandbeneficiaries,NorthandSouth.Instead,

youinsistontheneedtothinkglobally,network

withothersandtakedecisions.ThisissomethingI

heartilyendorse.Respondingtochallengessuchas

climatechangeorfinitenaturalresourcesrequiresnot

onlycoalitionsofthelike-mindedbutbroad-based,

preferablyuniversalcoalitions.Anyonegraspingthis

fact has moved far beyond the classical understand-

ingofdevelopmentthatprevailedfiftyyearsagoand

acquiredatrulyglobalperspective.

Interdisciplinaryresearchholdsthekeytoa

deeperunderstandingoftoday’sworld.Thatis

whatmakesitinmyviewsovaluable.Governments

andinternationalorganisationsstillhaverepeated

argumentsoverthebestdivisionoflabourbetween

theirvariousministriesanddepartments.TheDIE,

bycontrast,haslongseendevelopmentasaholistic

processinvolvingeconomic,environmental,foreign

Joachim Gauck

The President of the Federal Republic of Germany

8 A Word of Welcome

9

andsecurityaspects,somethingaboveallinseparable

frompersonalresponsibility.Thoseenrollinginthe

DIE’sPostgraduateTrainingProgrammeorGlobal

GovernanceSchoolwillofcoursehonetheirexpertise

andleadershipskills.Butalsoandnotleast,theywill

findthemselvesgrowingaspeople.Whentheyinvest

yearbyyearineachin-take,theirteachersandmen-

torsarenotjustdoingajob.Theyaremakingagiftto

theinternationalcommunity.

AnotherthingIwouldliketohighlight–andone

ofyourresearchareas–isdemocracypromotion,a

subjectwhichhaslongbeenveryclosetomyheart.

Totalkaboutpromotingdemocracyiseasyenough.

Yethowrealisticisthisintoday’sconflictregions?

Howcancivilsocietyandhumanrightsdefendersbe

supported,howcandemocracybeconsolidated?And

howinspecificcasescanthelinebepreciselydrawn

betweeninterferingininternalaffairsandstanding

upforhumanrights?Anyoneseekingaperceptive

analysisofsuchissueswillfindtheDIEhaswhatthey

need.

ForhalfacenturynowtheDIEhasstaunchly

defendedthefreedomofresearch.Somyappeal

toallDIEmembersisthis:continuetoseekout

thefacts.Andcontinuetofeedyourexpertiseinto

internationaldebates–forexample,thediscussion

overpost-2015globalsustainabledevelopment

goals.Endinghungerandexploitation,pushingfor

bettereducationandgreaterpoliticalparticipation,

protectingournaturalresources–ontheseandmany

othersocial,economicandecologicalissuesthevoice

of the German Development Institute needs to be

heardalsoinfuture.Andwhenyouspeakouton

suchmatters,Ihopeandtrustthatyouwillimpress

allconcernedwiththesameadmirablequalitiesyou

havedemonstratedsince1964:hard-hittinganalysis,

driveandcommitment.

With warm greetings from Berlin to Bonn!

Joachim Gauck

9


Itgivesmegreatpleasure,inmycapacityasFederal

Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development,

tocongratulatetheGermanDevelopmentInstitute/

DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)onits

fiftiethbirthday.Sincetakingupoffice,Ihaveexperi-

encedformyselftheexcellentworkcarriedoutbythe

DIEintermsofresearch,policyadviceandtraining,

and departmental research for the Federal Ministery

forEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ).

Forexample,theDIEhasprovidedstrongandhighly

competent support to one of the most important

conceptualprojectsoftheBMZinthecurrentlegislative

term–theCharterfortheFuture.ThisCharter,whichwe

willpresentjointlyon24November2014,willserveas

abasisfortheGermaninputtothecreationofanewset

ofsustainableglobaldevelopmentgoals.Thiswillbethe

first-everdocumenttosupportGemany’sinputthathas

beendrawnupusingabroad-basedconsultationpro-

cessinvolvingalldevelopmentactorsinGermanyfrom

scienceandacademia,civilsociety,churchorganisations

andpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Thenumerouspapers

andpresentationscontributedbytheDIEplayasignifi-

cantpartinthissplendidachievement!Iwishtooffermy

sincerethankstoallstaffattheDIEfortheirgoodwork.

Iwouldliketomentionafewmoreexamplesofthe

outstandingworkcarriedoutbytheDIE:

• Theheadoftheinstitute,ProfessorDirkMessner,

hasbeenco-chairingtheGermanSustainable

DevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(SDSNGermany)

withProfessorKlausTöpfersinceMay2014.The

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and

DevelopmentisverymuchinvolvedwithSDSN

Germany.IamverygratefultoProfessorMessner

forhisemphaticcommitment,whichsuperbly

complements our joint efforts to establish

development policy as a visible driver, pillar and

coreconceptoftheglobalagendaonsustainability

andthefuture.

• The contributions made by the DIE to the German

AdvisoryCouncilonGlobalChange(WBGU)ofthe

GermangovernmentandtotheCouncilforSus-

tainable Development are similarly valuable for the

policyoftheGermangovernment.Theyhelpto

ensurethattheworkdoneindevelopmentpolicy

researchisnoticedfarbeyondthetighter-knit

development cooperation community in Germany,

impactingonallfieldsofpolicy.

Dr. Gerd Müller MdB

Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation

and Development

10 A Word of Welcome

11

• WithitsManagingGlobalGovernanceprogramme

theDIEhasmanagedtoinvolveyoungacademics

andscientistsaswellaspractitionersfrom

politicsandadministrationinemergingcountries

injointeffortstodevelopsolutionstotheglobal

challengesfacinghumanity.Thus,theDIEishelp-

ingtorealiseafundamentalprincipleunderpinning

myvalues-baseddevelopmentpolicyinasignifi-

cantfield:enablingpeopletodeveloptheirown

solutions and competently realise them in sustain-

ableways.Thisisaboutdevelopingsolutionsnot

forbutwithourpartnersworldwide,supporting

themintheireffortstoassumeownershipand

responsibility.

• TherecognitiontheDIEhasgarneredthroughout

theworldoverthecourseoftheyearsislargely

thankstotheworkofitsacademicstaff,currently

aboutninetyinnumber.HereIwouldliketo

mentionDr.JörnGrävingholtinparticular,who,

in his position as co-chair of the Advisory Board for

CivilianCrisisPreventionoftheGermangovern-

ment, has done more than almost anyone else to

put the stamp of development policy on the Com-

prehensiveApproach–acentralelementofGerman

foreignrelations–whatIliketocallcomprehensive

development–andtotakeitfromthedrawing

boardtotangibleimplementation.

For these reasons, it is important to me that the

fiftiethbirthdayoftheDIEisnottotallytakenupwith

speeches and public accolades, but that I have the op-

portunityabovealltoconverseindepthwiththestaff

oftheDIE.Solvingthebigchallengesofthefuturefor

thepresenterarequirestheknowledgeanddedication

ofmanycriticalandcommittedminds–including,in

particular,thoseattheDIE.

Itisimportantthatthisfiftiethbirthdayismore

thanjustanostalgicexerciseinnavelgazing;itneeds

toserveasarallyingcrytomoveforward.Together

andwithfreshenergyandresolution,weneedtoface

thehugechallengesthatareconfrontinghumanity.

Inthecontextoftheglobalpoliticalchallengeswe

face–suchasthepost-2015processforsustainable

developmentortheconclusionofabindingclimate

treatyin2015–thisappliesinparticulartoourthree

specialdevelopmentpolicyinitiatives”OneWorld

–NoHunger”,”Tacklingtherootcausesofdisplace-

ment–reintegratingrefugees”,and”Stabilityand

developmentintheMENAregion”.AndIwouldbe

gratefulfortheactiveandconceptualsupportof

theDIE.

Ihope–andIamconfident–thattheDIEwillnot

havetowaituntilitturns100butwillbeabletosay

byitsfifty-fifthbirthdaythatithasplayedadecisive

roleinmasteringthishugechallengeforhumanity

andhumandecency.

Regards,

Dr. Gerd Müller

11


The German Development Institute / Deutsches In-

stitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE),oneoftheworld's

leadingthinktanksonissuesregardingglobaldevelop-

mentandinternationalco-operation,iscelebrating

itsbirthday.Andittrulyisgroundsforcelebration,

not just for Bonn, the international city of science,

academiaandtheUN.

Withitsinterdisciplinaryalignment,theInstitute

combinesresearch,consultingandtraining,forminga

keyinterfacebetweentheoryandpractice.Thecurrent

focalpointsofitsworkrepresentcentralthemesfor

the future:

• thefutureofdevelopmentpolicywithinthescope

ofthenewpost-2015agenda,

• changingpovertypatterns,

• sustainable transformation processes,

• questionsoffuturedemocraticgovernmentand

international co-operation,

• formsofnewglobalmiddleclasses.

InthesefieldstheexpertsatDIEco-operateonnu-

merousinternationalresearchandpolicynetworksand

actasaccomplishedpartners.Allunderoneroof!This

iswhatmakestheDIEsovaluable–forscienceand

academia,butalsoforthefieldsofpolitics,mediaand

administration,forwhomitprovideskeyknowledge

andrecommendationsforaction.

IwouldliketoquotetheUNSecretaryGeneral

BanKi-MoontoillustratejustwhyIappreciatethe

workofDIEsomuch.AttheWorld Economic Forum

2011 in Davos he pointed out that the economic

model of the 20th century had run its course: “Our

current economic model is a global suicide pact. We mined

our way to growth. We burned our way to prosperity. We

believed in consumption without consequences. Those

days are gone.”

Fortunately,thisviewisincreasinglyprevailing.Itis

alsothefoundationofourresearchstrategyinNorth

Rhine-Westphalia and forms the basis of research pol-

icyinbothGermanyandEurope.Weacknowledgethe

keyglobalchallenges–suchasclimatechange,scarcity

ofresourcesandpopulationdevelopment.Wearealso

awareoftheireffects.Andweknowthatthesemajor

socialchallengesareintrinsicallylinkedtothewayin

whichwedobusiness.Inmanyareastheyareeventhe

consequenceofaformofeconomicdevelopmentthat

cannolongerbesupported.Acrossborders–andnot

accordingtothepolluter-paysprinciple.

Svenja Schulze

Minister for Innovation, Science and Research of

the State of North Rhine-Westphalia

12 A Word of Welcome

13

Wealsoknowthatthemajorglobalchallenges

cannotbeovercomebytechnologicalmeansalone.

Takenontheirown,theseevenexacerbatesocial

inequalityinsomecases,enhancingproblemsof

distributionandpossiblytriggeringglobalconflicts

asaresult.

BanKi-Moonisright:werequirecomprehensive

solutionsthatnotonlycrossborders,butalsotake

accountofsocialconsequencesinparticular.The

necessityofacomprehensiveapproachwasalready

acknowledgedbyNobelPrizeforPeacewinnerWilly

Brandtin1980,whenhecalledfor:“The globalisa-

tion of risks and challenges – war, chaos, self-destruction

– calls for a type of 'world domestic policy'.” The term

'worlddomesticpolicy'makesitevidentthatweall

have a responsibility for peace, sustainability and

humanelivingconditions–allaroundtheworld.All

fieldsofpoliticsneedtoco-operateonthis.

ThisisalsohowweinNorthRhine-Westphaliasee

ourscientificandresearchpolicy,whichviewssustain-

abledevelopmentasataskforthefuture.Nationalor

regionalconceptscanonlyeverbeapartofthewhole.

ThenewEUframeworkprogrammeforresearchand

innovationisalsoorientedtowardsthemajorglobal

challenges.

AtDIEthenew,extendedroleofthesciencesis

alreadyfulfilled.Thiscanbewitnessedintheactivities

ofDIE,whicharededicatedtopreciselythistask.Our

worldisinaprocessoftransition.Thisbringswithit

challengesthatcannotbeovercomewiththeknow-

ledge,strategiesandtechnologiesthathavebeen

triedandtestedthusfar.Newwaysofthinkingfor

newanswersarerequiredhere.Weneedscientificand

academic approaches

• thatassumegreaterresponsibilityforsociety,

• that function in an interdisciplinary and

transdisciplinary manner,

• thatmediatebetweensocietyandpolitics,

• thatdevelopexpertiseinevaluationand

resolution,

• thatsensitiseandmotivate.

For the state of North Rhine-Westphalia the German

Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Ent-

wicklungspolitik(DIE)representsakeycomponentin

thecommitmenttooneworldandisaboontothe

internationalscientificandacademiccityofBonn.I

wouldliketothankallofthestaffatDIEforthework

theyhaveputinandoffermywarmcongratulations

fortheanniversaryin2014,aswellaswishingDIEand

itsstaffeveryfurthersuccessintheirvaluablework.

Yours,

Svenja Schulze

13

“The international develop-

ment agenda is undergoing trans-

formation. More and more, we realise

that welfare and well-being in poor and

rich countries is shaped at global level. Improved

global governance and a revitalised multilateralism

are among the greatest challenges of our time. The

German Development Institute / Deutsches

Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is a key reference

point: deeply rooted in values of compassion and

solidarity, committed to partnership and

dialogue, rigorous in research, and pas-

sionate in communication.”

Simon Maxwell CBE, Overseas Development Institute

“The

German

Development

Institute / Deutsches


(DIE) had success with its research and policy

advice if this was empirically well-founded and the

conclusions were practically relevant and implementa-

tion oriented. Sustained effects were achieved by virtue of

the fact that year on year, 20 course graduates took the latest

knowledge into the institutions accommodating them. I wish the

institute continued success, and that modicum of luck that is

indispensable even for established institutes.”

Hans-Helmut Taake, Director of the DIE from 1980 – 2003

“Today, in its 50th year,

the German Development

Institute / Deutsches Institut

für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is

one of the most important and

well-recognised institutes on matters of

development policy and global develop-

ment worldwide. Whether it be at an interna-

tional, European, national or regional level – there

is simply no alternative to the DIE and its expertise. I would

like to offer the DIE my heartfelt congratulations on 50 years of

successful research into and support for global development processes

– the need for an institute like the DIE will certainly not diminish

in the next 50 years.”

Angelica Schwall-Düren, Minister for Federal Affairs, Europe and Media for the Federal State of

North-Rhine Westphalia

Congratulations

“Many congratulations from

the SWP to our colleagues at the

German Development Institute /

Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik

(DIE): We gladly look to Bonn for quality

analyses and ideas on development

and development policy. We look

forward to the next 50 years of successful

partnership.”

Volker Perthes, SWP – Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

“De-

velopment

co-operation

is teamwork! In

Germany this teamwork has

existed since 2 March 1964 at the latest. The founding at

this point of DIE was a very important step in the right direction

for ensuring that our international partnerships are always on a

solid footing. In a rapidly changing networked world we not only need

sustainable projects on the ground, we also require, above all, contextual

analyses of current challenges. For 50 years now DIE has been providing support

for German and international development co-operation through its excellent research and

policy advice. This would not have been possible without its many dedicated members of

staff who commit their knowledge and skills every day, again and again. For this reason,

I would like to congratulate you all on this, “your”, 50th birthday and I hope that DIE

enjoys everything that one could wish for from one’s heart on such an occasion –

many more years to come, a young, fresh spirit full of new ideas and that all

projects, big and small, are a resounding success! Happy Birthday!”

Dagmar Wöhrl, MP, Head of Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development

“On behalf of the Leibniz

Association I would like to

warmly congratulate the German


Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) on

its anniversary. With its close relationship

between research and policy advice the DIE takes

a very similar approach to the Leibniz Institutes. Not

least for this reason have we enjoyed many years of successful

co-operation between the DIE and the Leibniz Association. We

want to hold onto this in the future and together freely practise

science to the benefit and wellbeing of mankind, according to the

principles of Leibniz.”

Karl Ulrich Mayer, Leibniz Association

chronicle

16 Research | Policy Advice | Training

Publicationsarethekeyproductofaninstitute

such as the German Development Institute / Deut-

schesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE),whichis

engagedinresearch,policyadviceandtraining.They

ensurecontinuousaccessofthepublic–researchers

and students, politicians, the public realm and the

media–totheknowledgegainedfromresearchand

theinsightsderivedfromthecontinuousdialogue

withpoliticsandpractice.Thepublicationsillustrate

howtheprofileoftheInstitutehaschangedoverthe

courseofthedecades,followingthecyclesandtopics

ofdevelopmentpolicy,andhowtheinstitutesets

itsownresearchagenda.Ofparticularinterestare

publicationsthatputnewthemesontheinterna-

tionalagenda,influencepublicdebateorserveasa

source of irritation because they run contrary to the

prevailingpoliticalmood.

The history of DIE contains a number of such

fascinatingexamples.Iwouldliketohighlightthree

ofthese,whicharealsoofinteresttoday:

Visibility and influence through knowledge – the DIE publications

October 1962TheCubanmissilecrisisissparkedbythe stationingofmedium-rangeSovietmissiles inthecountry,creatinggreaterawarenessof theriskofaglobalnuclearconflict.

March 1961USGeneralLuciusD.Clayproposesthecreationof aGermaninstitutetotrainspecialistsinissuesrelating todevelopingcountries.

We have had our lands despoiled under the terms of what was supposedly the law of the land but was only a recognition of the right of the strongest. […] Who can forget, finally, the burst of rifle fire in which so many of our brothers perished, the cells into which the authorities threw those who no longer were willing to submit to a rule where justice meant oppression and exploitation?Patrice Lumumba, first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1960

„

17

chronicle

Themostexplosiveofthesewastheproposal

publishedbyThomasKampffmeyerin1987fora

settlementtoresolvethedebtcrisisthatdeveloping

countriesfoundthemselvesin.Orientationforthis

camefromtheLondonDebtAgreementof1953,

whichsawpartofthedebtsoftheFederalRepublicof

Germanycancelledbytheallies.In1988theannual

conference of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

andWorldBanktookplaceinBerlin,withparallel

congresses,discussioneventsanddemonstrations

drawinganenormousaudience.AtthattimeDIE,as

aninstituteclosetothegovernment,wasalsoregar-

dedwithscepticism,inspiteofthispublication,which

–basedoncarefulanalysis–referredtothedebtcrisis

ofthedevelopingcountriesasacrisisofsolvency

ratherthanliquidity.Kampffmeyerturnedagainst

theprevailingmodelofcrisismanagement,instead

proposingageneralframeworktoenabledebtrelief

onacase-by-casebasis,givingdevelopingcountries

the opportunity for sustained economic

March 1964MilitarycoupstakeplaceinBrazilin1964,ChileandUruguayin1973,andArgentinain1976.Therearenomorefreeelectionsuntilthe1980s,orinChile'scase,until1990.

March 1964TheGermanDevelopmentInstitute/DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungs- politik(DIE)isestablishedinBerlinasanon-profit-makinglimitedliability company (gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung – gGmbH). FoundingDirectorsoftheinstituteareKlausBillerbeckandGerdBrand.

February 1963AdelegationfromtheDeutsche Stiftung für Entwicklungsländer visits similarinstitutionsintheUSAofferingtrainingfordevelopmentco-operationprofessionals.

March 1964ThefirstUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeand Development(UNCTAD)isheldinGeneva.TheGroup of 77 calls for fairer opportunities to participate in globaltrade.

profiletopics

visibility

dialoguegeneral framework

analysis inhouse publishing

German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

chronicle


recovery.Thisproposalledtoconsiderableconflict

withtheFederalMinistryofFinance,althoughthis

didnotdetertheinstitutefrompublishing.Itwasnot

until1996thattheIMF,TheWorldBankandpublic

creditorsagreedondebtreliefforhighly-indebted

low-incomecountries.Sincethefinancialmarketscrisis

of2007workhasbeenunderwayonaninsolvency

codeforstates,withtheInstituteactivelyinvolvedin

theprocessinthepersonofKathrinBerensmann.

Tenyearsbefore,1986,itwastheintegration

ofSpain,PortugalandGreeceintotheEuropean

Community(EC)thatwasontheagenda.DIEwasone

ofthefirsttohighlighttheopportunities,butalso

thedifficulties,thattheaccessionofthesecountries

wouldhavefortheireconomiesandtheEuropean

economyasawhole.Atthattimetheystillcountedas

developingcountries,consequentlyreceivingsupport

from the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation

(BMZ).Howcouldtheirsmallindustrialoperations,

frequentlycraftsman-likeincharacter,survivecompe-

titionwithhighly-efficientGerman,FrenchandItalian

companies?Whatopportunitiesexistedformoder-

nisation,whattypeofassistancewasrequiredandto

whatextentwasthisreconcilablewiththegoalsofan

openworldtradeorder?Analysisatthattimeindica-

tedthattheECofthe1970sstillspokeofacommon

industrialpolicy,butthatthisconflictedwiththegoal

ofdismantlingbarrierstoworldtradeandtheexploi-

tationofcomparativeadvantages.

TwentyyearslaterEuropeaneconomicpolicy

wasalsocharacterisedbyintegrationintotheworld

marketandeconomicglobalisation.Publicationson

the concept of systemic competitiveness developed

byKlausEßer,WolfgangHillebrand,DirkMessnerand

JörgMeyer-Stamernowattractedenhancedinterest

inGermanyandabroad.Thisconceptpresentedan

alternativemodeltotheprevailingneo-liberalWa-

shingtonconsensus,linkingeconomicdevelopment

capability to institutional and economic capabilities

atvarioussociallevels,whichenablecountriesto

activelyjoinprocessesoftechnologicalchangeand

benefitfromeconomicglobalisation.Thisconcept

wasembeddedinthebroadertheoreticaldebateon

social modernisation and more recent research into

path dependency in corporate decisions, national in-

novationsystemsandhowtheseinfluencetheability

ofcountriestoparticipateinglobalvaluechainsand

totherebypromotetheirsocialdevelopment.Within

thescopeofthiswork,formanyyearsDIEco-opera-

tedwithleadingeconomistsandinnovationresear-

chers, in particular the Institute of Development

Studies(IDS)aswellasCEPALandFLACSO.Today,

DIEco-operateswiththeIDSprimarilyinthefield

oflow-carbondevelopmentandrenewableenergy

sourcesinAsiancountries.

Beyond their content, these three publications

alsodisplayachangethathasprovedhighlyin-

fluentialonthecurrentpublicationsofDIE:inthe

June 1964Nelson Mandela and other defendants in the Rivonia Trial are handed life sentences for their roleinthestruggleagainstSouthAfrica'sapartheidregime.

April 1965OfficialopeningceremonyinBerlinwithguestsincludingFederalPresident HeinrichLübke,Berlin'sgoverningmayorWillyBrandtandFederalMinister forEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentatthattime,WalterScheel.

December 1964MartinLutherKingisawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeforhiscommitment to non-violent protest.

DIE is a ground-breaking initiative. Development policy needs to be based on sound research, other-wise it has no chance of influencing the necessary transformation process in developing countries.Walter Scheel, West Germany's first Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development

„

19

chronicle

1970sand1980spublicationwasmostlyin-house.

Inthe1990stheinstitutebegantoco-operatewith

GermanandBritishpublishers.Since2008DIEhas

publishedover20booksannually,withacclaimed

publisherssuchasSpringer,Nomos,Routledge,

TaylorandFrancisandZedBooks,aswellasin-house.

ThishasallowedDIEtosignificantlyenhanceits

international visibility:

In 2012 Thomas Fues (DIE), Sachin Chaturvedi

(RIS)andElizabethSidiropoulos(SAIIA)published

thefirstbookworldwidetocoverthenewefforts

in development co-operation by countries such as

China,Brazil,IndiaandSouthAfrica(Development

CooperationandEmergingPowers.NewPartnersor

OldPatterns?,ZEDBooks).

In2013JuliaLeiningerpublishedresearchfindings

ontheinterrelationbetweendemocracypromotion,

thesecuringofpeaceandstabilityandotherdevelop-

mentgoalstogetherwithSonjaGrimm(University

Konstanz)andTinaFreyburg(UniversityofWarwick)

(Conflictingobjectivesindemocracypromotion:do

allgoodthingsgotogether?,Routledge).

In2010JörgFaustandSusanneNeubertpublis-

hed Wirksamere Entwicklungspolitik (Nomos) –more

effectivedevelopmentpolicy–onreformsinGerman

developmentpolicyfollowingtheParisDeclaration.

In2014AnnaPegelspublishedabookonGreen

industrialpoliciesinemergingcountries(Routledge),

detailingtheresearchfindingsoftheDIEinChina,

IndiaandtheEU.

Imme Scholz

Dr.ImmeScholzistheDeputyDirectoroftheGermanDevel-

opmentInstitute/DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik

(DIE)andworksonissuesattheinterfaceofenvironmentand

development.In2014shewasappointedtotheSustainable

DevelopmentCouncil,whichadvisestheFederalChancellery.

www.die-gdi.de/en/imme-scholz/

August 1965 TheparticipantsofthefirstcourseofthePostgraduateTrainingProgrammebegintheirresearchesinChile,Afghanistan,BoliviaandIran.Fivewomenand23menareselectedfollowingatotalof250enquiriesand68applications.

April 1965The Berliner Zeitung,anEastGermannewspaper,editorializestheInstitute’sfoundingwiththeheadline“Senatepromotesextortionists.TrainingforBonn’scolonialagentsinWestBerlin.”

August 1965TheVotingRightsActintheUnitedStatesstrengthensthe basicprincipleofvotingequality,promotinggreaterparticipationbyminorities,particularlyAfrican-Americans,inUSelections.

chronicle


The last decade of development has made it

increasinglyapparentthat,inspiteofallthesuc-

cessesintacklingabsolutepoverty,thefuturewillbe

characterisedbynewglobalchallenges.Accordingto

currentprognoses,economicgrowthwillnotreturn

tothelevelpriortotheeconomicandfinancialcrisis.

Essentialnaturalresourcesforsecuringthesurvivalof

poorpeopleinparticular–suchaswater,fertilesoil,

forestandfishresources–arebecomingincreasingly

scarce,andatafasterpace.Inaddition,theconse-

quencesofclimatechange,alreadytangibleinmany

areas,characterisethe“newnormal”forinternational

co-operation.

Themajorinternationaldevelopmentagencies–

aswellasthemultilateraldevelopmentbanks–are

limberinguptodelivertheright,innovativesolutions

formoredemandingpartnersinthismorecomplex

environment.Traditionalfinancingapproaches

involvingpublicfundingaretakingabackseat.The

knowledgeofferedwiththefinancingisoftenthe

50 years of dynamic knowledge

August 1967TheBangkokDeclarationissigned,establishingtheAssociationof Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a forum for co-operation betweenmemberstates.

September 1969ThePearsonCommissiononInternationalDevelopmentpublishesitsreportontheworkoftheWorldBankbetween1948and1968.ThePearsonReportprovidestherationalefordecadesofdevelopmentpolicywork:itisamoraldutyandisintheenlightenedself-interestofwealthycountries.

We believe that the flow of official development aid, the only kind which really involves a burden on the taxpayer, should reach 0.7 per cent of the Gross National Product by 1975.Lester B. Pearson, Head of the ‚Pearson Commission on International Development’

„

21

chronicle

realmotivationforongoingco-operationforpartner

countriesandparticipatingactors.Developingand

emergingcountrieswishtolearnfromtheirpeers

andrequestsupportinordertofilteroutthebest

conceptsandinstrumentsfortheirspecificcontext.

Decision-makingprocessesshouldbepaddedoutfar

moreanalyticallyinordertosupportdifficultalloca-

tiondecisionsandsustainresults.

Thismeansthatknowledgeandsolutioncompe-

tenceareincreasinglybecomingthenew“currency”of

internationalco-operation.Butwhatdoesthistrend

signifyfortheinstitutionsthatproducethisknow-

ledge,ifatthesametimetherangeandcompetition

oftheknowledgecosmoshasexpandedandprovid-

ersfromthedevelopingcountriesthemselvesare

becomingincreasinglyactiveinthisfield?Whatisthe

German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut

fürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)abletoofferasco-oper-

ationpartnertoaninstitutionsuchas,forexample,

theWorldBank,thatothersarenotabletooffer?

December 1971WillyBrandtisawardedtheNobelPeacePrizeforhis“Ostpolitik”, thatis,hispolicyofpromotingreconciliationbetweenWestGermanyandthecountriesoftheSovietBloc,whichwasbasedontheprincipleof“changethroughrapprochement”.

August 1971AnewversionoftheInstitute’scharterentersintoforce.Researchandadvisoryworkappearasequallyimportanttasksalongsidetrainingactivities.

September 1971 ThefirstvisitingresearchfellowisPurushottanOjhafromNepal.

September 1971 GebhardKerckhoffsucceeds Gerd Brand and becomes the newDirectoroftheDIE.

September 1970Salvador Allende is elected PresidentofChile.

learningknowledge

policy advice

innovative solutions training

global challenges

South-South co-operation

uniqueness

chronicle


Ongoingexcellence,asdocumentedbyDIEthrough

itstoprankingamongstglobalsustainabledevelop-

mentThinkTanksovernumerousconsecutiveyearsis

undoubtedlyvital,butnotsufficientinitsownright.

Theuniquenessoftheknowledgeproductap-

pearstobeevenmorekey.TheDIEcontributesa

combinationofknowledgeformstothedebate,

whichdistinguishesitclearlyfromotherThinkTanks.

Itbecameevidentmuchearlierthanelsewherethat

thedevelopmentpolicydebateisfacingafundamen-

talparadigmshift.Becausetoday,combatingpoverty

andincreasingprosperitymustbeconsideredwithin

theboundariesofplanetarylimits.Acombinationof

technological,economic,institutionalandcultural

creativityisrequiredinordertoovercomethetrans-

formationalprocessesthatwearefacedwith.Atthe

sametime,amongsttheleadingactorsindevelop-

mentco-operationtherealisationhasdawnedthat

traditional one-dimensional solutions to the process-

ingofcentraldevelopmentproblemsarefallingshort.

Ourpartners,particularlythoseinemergingecono-

mies,arebecomingincreasinglyurgentintheirsearch

for multi-sectoral and innovative solutions that have

already proved themselves in other countries, prefer-

ablydevelopingoneswithsimilarconditions.

Againstthisbackground,DIEwasquicktoidentify

the need to resort more to interdisciplinary teams in

knowledgeproductionandpolicyadvice,inorderto

satisfythenewrequirements.Atthesametime,the

consequencesforsubjectselectioninresearchaswell

asforco-operationwithotherknowledgeproviders

andproducersandownexpertiseorientationneed

tobetakenintoconsideration.Inthisrespect,DIEhas

madeastonishingprogress,expandingandinnova-

tivelydevelopingitspartnershipnetworkandrangeof

themesinthefieldofresearchandpolicyconsulting

inrecentyearstoaccountforthenewpremisesof

sustainabledevelopment.

Thereisalsoanothertrendthatwasrecognised

ataveryearlystage.Today,solutioncompetenceand

proposalsneedtoariseinco-operationwithpartners,

institutions,academicsandcivilsocietygroupsfrom

developingandemergingcountriesinparticular.Cor-

rectly,manyup-and-comingcountrieswithsuccess

intacklingpovertysuchasBrazil,China,Malaysiaand

SouthKoreaarelookingtooffertheirownconcepts

andexperiencefordevelopmentinlessdeveloped

countriesandareactivelychallengingmultilateralde-

velopmentinstitutionstoelevatethisknowledgeand

practicalexperienceandprocessitforfurtherdissemi-

nation.Theestablishmentofknowledgehubsofthe

WorldBankGroupincollaborationwithSouthKorea,

China,SouthAfricaandBrazilisanexpressionofthis

newconfidenceandthedesiretotreatsouth-south

co-operationonanequalfooting.

Learningfromtheglobalsouth,butaboveall

learning,researchingandreflectingwiththe“south”

hasbecometheoverridinggoalinknowledgeand

January 1972KlausBillerbeckpublishesaseriesofpapersentitled ‘Europäisierung der Entwicklungshilfe’examining theinfluenceofEuropeondevelopmentco-operation.

January 1973 DIErelocateswithinBerlinmovingfromMessedamm22toFraunhoferstaße33–36inBerlin'sCharlottenburgdistrict.

June 1972TheUnitedNationsholdsitsfirstConferenceon theHumanEnvironmentinStockholm,launching theannualWorldEnvironmentDay.

March 1972 The Club of Rome publishes the study 'LimitstoGrowth'.

23

chronicle

consultingoperations.TheDIEhassuccessfully

utilisedtheGlobalGovernanceSchoolwithinthe

scopeoftheManagingGlobalGovernanceprogram-

me(MGG)toestablishsuchanetworkwithknow-

ledgeinstitutionsandacademicsfromthe“south”.

In the MGG partner countries DIE has potential

contactswhocanactas“dooropeners”andalliesin

theestablishmentofglobalgovernanceatvarious

differentlevels,fromThinkTanksandgovernments

to NGOs, beyond the contacts of the state develop-

mentorganisations.Today,jointpublications,con-

ferences and the participation of the MGG partner

countriesinthepostgraduateprogrammearean

establishedcomponentintheresearchandtraining

operationsofDIE.

The DIE has also developed itself consistently

inthisrespect,astonishingmanypartners,including

majorinternationalactors,withtherangeofcontacts

androbustworkingrelationshipswithknowledge

actorsfromthedevelopingandemergingcountries.

InthisrespectDIEappearstobeverywellprepared

tocontinuetomakekeycontributionstothefurther

developmentofdevelopmentandglobalstructural

politicsonthenationalandinternationalstage.

Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven

Ingrid-GabrielaHovenhasbeenRepresentativeforClimate

Issues at the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and

Development(BMZ)sinceJune2014.Priortothissheserved

asExecutiveDirectorattheWorldBankGrouprepresenting

Germany.Ms.HovenstudiedEconomicsandPoliticalScience

inGießenandParis.

January 1974 ‘Alternativen der künftigen Gestaltung des internationalen Handels mit Rohstoffen. Ein Denkansatz zur Neuordnung der Weltwirtschaft’ispublishedbyK.Billerbeck.

September 1973WorldBankPresidentRobertS.McNamaradeliversahighlyacclaimedspeechinwhichheannouncesapolicyshiftbytheBankinfavourofthepoor.

But in my view the fundamental case for development assistance

is the moral one. The whole of human history has recognized

the principle – at least in the abstract – that the rich and the

powerful have a moral obligation to assist the poor and the weak.

Robert S. McNamara, President of the World Bank, 1973

„

“The size of your dreams must

always exceed your current capacity to

achieve them. If your dreams do not scare you, they are not big enough.”

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,President of Liberia

“The globalisa-

tion of risks and challenges requires

a kind of globalised do-mestic politics that extends not only beyond a skyline of church

spires but also far beyond national borders.”

Willy Brandt, Federal Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974

chronicle


Unnoticed by many, German development policy

markedits60thbirthdaytwoyearsago.Asisthecase

inlife,ittookaround20yearstobecomefullygrown.

Itbeganin1952withfinancialinvolvementinan

aidprogrammeoftheUnitedNationsinsupportof

theeconomicdevelopmentofcountriesofwhatwas

thenreferredtoastheThirdWorld,whilst1956saw

theestablishmentofa“50millionfund”bytheFor-

eignOfficeforbilateralaid–“Deutsche Mark”, natu-

rally.Attheendofthe1950stheGermanBundestag

begantoactivelysupportnorth-southpolicies.The

growingfinancialvolumesofaid,managedbyvari-

ous federal ministries, and coalition policy considera-

tionsresultedinthefoundingoftheFederalMinistry

forEconomicCo-operation(BMZ)in1961.Itwasnot

until1993thatthesuffix“andDevelopment”was

added.TheBMZwasinitiallyacoordinationministry.

In1964itwasgrantedresponsibilityforprinciples

andprogrammesofdevelopmentpolicy,aswellas

technicalco-operationand,in1972,responsibility

Over 60 years of German development policy: no sign of retiring yet

April 1974Casestudiesoncopper(KlausBillerbeck),crops (HelmutBrandt)andtropicalwood(Hans-HelmutLembke) discussthere-structuringofthecommoditymarkets.

July 1974 West Germany defeats the Netherlands 2:1inthefinalandgainsthesecondWorldCupsoccertitle.

October 1974The UNCTAD Symposium on Patterns of Resource Use, Environment and Development StrategiesadoptstheCocoyocDeclaration.

Human beings have basic needs: food, shelter, clothing, health, education. […] Development should not be limited to the satisfaction of basic needs. There are other needs, other goals, and other values. Development includes freedom of expression and impression, the right to give and to receive ideas and stimulus.The Cocoyoc Declaration 1974

„

27

chronicle

forbilateralandmultilateralfinancialco-operation.

Onlythenwasdevelopmentpolicyestablishedas

a de factopoliticalfieldinitsownright.Following

Germanreunificationanumberofthedevelopment

co-operation projects of the former German Demo-

craticRepublic(GDR)werecontinued.In1998the

BMZreceivedresponsibilitywithintheFederal

Government for the development co-operation

of the European Union as the last major sphere of

competence.

Despitenumerouschanges,Germandevelop-

mentpolicydisplaysarangeofconstants.Itwas

and is part of the overall policy of the Federal Govern-

ment.Itsgoalshavealwayslainbetweeninterna-

tionalsolidarityandself-interestsofvaryingdegrees.

It enjoys no priority in domestic politics and public

perception, but is able to lean upon a basic political

consensusamongstthepartiesrepresentedinthe

German Bundestag,inspiteofdifferencesofdetail.

These have never instrumentalised it for the polarisa-

Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Co op er a tion and De vel op ment (BMZ), 2014

Development of the German ODA* Quota 1971 – 2012

March 1975TheVietnamWarcomestoanendafter20yearswiththe withdrawalanddisbandingoftheSouthVietnameseArmy(governmentforces).

November 1974 AfterGebhardKerckhoff’sretirement,DIE’sBoardof DirectorsconsistsofKlausBillerbeck,KlausNiepmann andHans-HelmutTaake.

January 1976 DIEcontinuesitscontributiontothedebateonglobalrawmaterialstradewithKlausEßer'sstudy‘OilandDevelopment:Venezuela’andChristianLempelius'study‘RegulationoftheWorldRubberMarket’.

0,50

0,45

0,40

0,35

0,30

0,25

0,20

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

20012004

20072010

2012

* O

DA =

Offi

cial

Dev

elop

men

t Ass

istan

ce

chronicle


tionofdomesticpoliticsordemagoguery.Incontrast

tomanyotherdonorcountries,Germanyhasnolaw

coveringdevelopmentpolicy,butinsteadanown

ministryandastrongorganisationalstructure.This

comprisestheBMZ,parastatalexecutingagenciesand

numerousnon-governmentalorganisationsinvolved

inimplementingprojects.Afurtherconstantisthe

fact that Germany conducts development co-opera-

tion at bilateral, European and multilateral levels and

that, in spite of declared intentions to the contrary,

hasneverattainedtheinternationaltargetof0.7%

ofgrossnationalproductforofficialdevelopment

assistance(ODA)(highestlevel1983:0.47%,lowest

level1999:0.26%,2013:0.38%).

Thechangesfirstofallconcerntheoverallpolitical

framework.Atthebeginning,twomotiveswerepara-

mount:firstly,internationalsolidarityasanobligation

oftheincreasinglyeconomicallystrongFederalRepub-

lic,whichhaditselfbenefitedfromtheMarshallPlan

aid,andsecondly,theeffortstoachieveworldwiderec-

ognitionfortheFederalRepublicinthebipolarworld.

Thelatterledtotheextensionofdevelopmentco-op-

erationtocoverwellover100countries(referredtoby

criticsasthe“wateringcanapproach”)andculminated

intheHallsteinDoctrine,whichlinkeddevelopment

aidtonon-recognitionoftheGDR.Thecontextaltered

duringthecourseofthepolicyof détente andwiththe

accession of both German states to the United Nations

in1973.Germandevelopmentpolicywasthenviewed

aspartofpeacemakingpolicyand,withtheendofthe

East-Westconflictandgrowingawarenessoftherisks

ofglobalisation,increasinglyasanelementofglobal

structuralpolicy.Belowthisleveltherewerevarying

degreesofinfluencefromotherinterestsondevelop-

mentpolicy,suchasexportandemploymentinterests.

Thesolidaritymotive,whichexplainswhyGermany

conductsdevelopmentco-operationwithcountriesof

littleforeign,economicorgeo-politicalsignificance,

hasalsoexperiencedarangeofdifferentconnotations

fromhumanitarianobligationtothemitigationof

factorsthatproducerefugeeflowsandthecontain-

mentofcross-borderrisks.

Germandevelopmentpolicyhasalwaysfollowed

theinternationalparadigmshiftsfromthepromo-

tionofeconomicgrowthtosatisfyingbasicneeds,

supportingstructuraladjustment,promotionofgood

governanceandontothemillenniumdevelopment

goalsandfuturesustainabledevelopmentgoals.Ithas

considerable conceptual competence in numerous ar-

eas,aswellasinternationally-recognisedexpertiseand

professionalisminimplementation.Bothoftheseas-

pectshavecontributedtodevelopmentpolicyacquir-

ingadistinctprofilewithintheFederalGovernment

overthecourseoftime.Thisisnotonlyimportant

fordevelopmentpolicytoplayitsownrole,butalso

to demand and promote the joint responsibility of all

policiesforglobaldevelopment(policycoherencefor

development)asfrequentlyacknowledgedbothinter-

January 1976 The Economic Community Of West African States(ECOWAS)beginsitswork,withamandatetopromoteeconomicintegrationamongitsmemberstates.

September 1976MaoZedong,chairmanofChina'sCommunist Party,diesinBeijing.Twoyearslater,aprocessof reformbeginsinthecountryunderDengXiaoping, leadingtounprecedentedeconomicgrowth.

Seek truth from facts.Deng Xiaoping based on ‘Han Shu’, an old Chinese history book. The quote underlines Dengs‘ pragmatic approach and his retreat from Maoist slogans.

„

29

chronicle

nationallyandbytheFederalGovernment.Competen-

cydisputeswiththeForeignOfficehavealsooccurred,

but(exceptionsapart)havemostlybeenovercome

intheformofpragmaticsolutions.Foranumberof

yearsnowseveralotherfederalministries,suchasthe

Federal Ministry for the Environment have increas-

inglybeenapplyingtheirownfundstodevelopment

co-operation.Itistobehopedthattheseministriesdo

notrepeatthemistakesofpreviousdecades,butin-

steadusetheexperienceoftheBMZandobservethe

internationalagreementsonaideffectiveness,which

havealsobeenendorsedbyGermany.

Will German development policy be able to enter

well-deservedretirementinthenearfuture?Unlikely.

Evenretirementat67willbeoutofthequestion,

despitethefactthatsomecontemporariesregard

developmentpolicyasobsolescent.Whatistrue

is that the dynamics of international development

havechanged.Therearefewerdevelopingcountries,

emergingcountriesareincreasinglyactingasnew

donors,thesignificanceofODAcomparedtoother

sourcesoffinancingisdiminishing.Nevertheless,in

2014therearestilloveronebillionpeopleworldwide

livinginextremepoverty,48leastdevelopedcoun-

triesand45fragileorfailedstates,tosaynothingof

numerousglobaldevelopmentchallenges.Germany

hasamajorresponsibilityhere.Withitsdevelopment

policyithaskeyexperienceandpotential.However,

utilisingthisrequiresfurtherreformstoenhanceits

effectiveness.

Guido Ashoff

Dr.GuidoAshoff,formerseniorresearcherandhead

of the Department “Basis issues of bilateral and multi-

lateraldevelopmentpolicy”formanyyears.

www.die-gdi.de/en/guido-ashoff/

February 1977MichaelHofmann,participantofthe14th

courseofthePostgraduateTrainingProgramme,engagesintheBrandtCommission,chairedbyformerGermanChancellorWillyBrandt.

November 1977HorstWiesebachbecomesDirector,succeedingKlausBillerbeck,whojoinstheWorldBank.

January 1978DIEgainsconsiderableattentionwithitsstudiesbyStefanMusto,KlausEßerandGuidoAshoffonthe accession of southern European countries to theEuropeanCommunity.

December 1977AmnestyInternationalisawardedtheNobelPeacePrize foritsworkonbehalfofpoliticalprisoners.

chronicle


Tacklingpovertyremainshighontheinterna-

tionaldevelopmentpolicyagenda,eventhoughthe

numberofpeoplelivinginabsolutepovertyandsoci-

etieswhichrankamongtheleastdevelopedcoun-

triesisfalling.Around2.5billionpeoplestillliveon

lessthan2USDperday.Developmentpolicyasglob-

al social policy and international solidarity in combat-

ingunacceptablelivingconditionsremainimportant.

However,developmentpolicyiscurrentlyunder-

goingaradicaltransformation.Globalinterdepend-

enciesaregeneratingglobaldevelopmentopportuni-

tiesandrisksthatcallfornewformsofinternational

co-operationbetweenallcountrygroups.The21st

centurywillbetheglobalcommonscentury,anera

inwhichanincreasinglyinterlinkedglobalpopulation

has to learn to protect the common basis for human

civilisation and limit the mutual vulnerability be-

tweensocietiesthroughco-operation.Theworldwide

discussionofsustainabledevelopmentgoalsthatall

stateswillbeforcedtomeasurethemselvesagainst

The global commons century

March 1979Hans-HelmutTaakepublishesthebookBuch‘Nord- Süd-Dialog: Eine Zwischenbilanz’,contributingtothe reformofdevelopmentco-operation.

January 1980DIEdevelopsproposalsforsolvingstructuraldevelopmentproblems;interaliainavolumeeditedbyEdithKürzinger-WiemannandWolfgangZehender.

February 1979TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO) holdstheFirstWorldClimateConferenceinGeneva.

January 1980Germany'sGreenParty(‘Die Grünen’) is establishedinKarlsruhe.

31

chronicle

infutureisalreadyheraldingthisshiftinperspective.

Developmentpolicyisnotwellpreparedper se

tofacethesechallenges.North-south,rich-poor,

donor-recipientpatternsmakeithardertokeep

commoninterestsinview.Well-meaningpaternal-

ism,thedecades-olddominanceofwesterncoun-

tries in international policy processes are embedded

inthegeneticcodeofmanydonororganisations.

Knee-jerkheapingofguiltontheindustrialised

countriesandexaggeratedtoleranceofautocratic

regimesinthesouthformpartofG77culture.The

difficultyallparticipantsfaceinachievingashift

towardsreciprocalco-operationandjointrespon-

sibilityfortheglobalcommonswasevidentatthe

Global PartnershipconferenceofApril2014inMexico

City, and remains visible in the current attempts to

forgeanallianceforamajorclimatedealinParisin

theautumnof2015.Thedevelopmentofare-

newedglobalcultureofco-operationistherefore

itselfalreadyagoalofinternationalco-operation.

January 1981Hans-HelmutTaakebecomesthenewDirectorofDIE;PeterWaller is appointed Deputy Director.

February 1980The Brandt Commission, headed by former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, deliversitsfirstreport(addressingtheglobalNorth-Southdivide)inwhichitcallsfortheusheringinofaneweraofglobalpartnershipandglobalpublicpolicy.

While hunger rules, peace cannot prevail. He who wants to ban war must also ban mass poverty. […] This Report deals with peace.Willy Brandt in the Brandt Commission's first report

„

culture of co-operation inequality

transformationglobal recycling economy

global commonscommunication technologies

Sustainable Development Goals

social deterioration

middle classes

chronicle


Five further areas of co-operation are apparent

whenitcomestomouldingtheeraoftheglobal

commons.

Inthecomingdecadesaglobal recycling economy

isrequirediftheincreasingprosperityofwhatwill

soonbe9billionpeopleisnottoburstthebounda-

riesoftheearthsystem.InGermanyaround15%

of the resources used in the economy are currently

recycled.Bythemiddleofthecentury,byaround

2070atthelatest,resourcesworldwidewillneedto

be primarily utilised in closed cycles and emissions

hazardoustotheearthsystem(suchasgreenhouse

gasemissions)reducedtozero.Withoutsucha

neutrality concept to ensure the performance of the

earthsystemenduringprosperitywillnotbepossible.

Civilisingsetbacks,therenewedriseofpoverty,the

overburdeningofsocietiesthroughharmfulglobal

environmentalchangewouldthenbethelikely

outcomes.Theagreementofglobalguidelinesto

protecttheearthsystemshouldbeaprerequisitefor

puttingtheglobaleconomyonasustainablecourse.

International co-operation is also necessary in order

todevelopglobalinfrastructuresthatarebotheco-

logicallysound(urbandesign,energyandmobility

systems)andeconomicallystable(financialsystems).

Inequality isincreasinginmanysocieties.In-

equalityisasocialchallengeiflargesectionsofthe

population have no access to the basic services (such

ashealthcare,education,housing)withoutwhichhu-

mandevelopmentcannotfunction.Socialdisparities

canalsomanifestthemselvesinlegitimationprob-

lemsorevenendangerdemocracies,whosepromises

areultimatelybasedonthepremisethatallcitizens

canhaveashareinsocialprosperity.Fairtaxsystems,

thecombatingoftaxevasion,programmestoover-

comeyouthunemploymentareconsequentlyhigh

ontheagendasofSpain,theNorthAfricancountries,

TheWorldBankandregionaldevelopmentbanks.

Networksbetweenallnationsareincreas-

ingrapidly.Atthesametime,entire societies are

disintegrating.Congo,SouthSudan,Somalia,

Afghanistanareclassicexamplesoffailingstates.

Iraq,Syria,LibyaandUkrainearepartofanew

groupofeconomicallyfurtherdevelopedsocieties

inwhichillegitimateruleisthestartingpointfor

socialdeterioration.War,violence,thequestion-

ingofnationalborders,inassociationwithmajor

flowsofrefugeesandsphere-of-influencepolitics

thatwereconsideredlonggoneappeartobeon

theriseonceagain.OECDcountries,regionalpow-

ersandemergingcountriesneedtoco-operatein

order to stabilise the pillars of international peace

andpreventregionalconflictsfromflaringup.

Inthedevelopingandemergingcountries,

particularlyinAsia,burgeoningmiddleclassesare

developing,whichcouldmanoeuvretheworldin

verydifferentdirections.Thenewmiddle classes

could press for democracy, overcome autocracy,

November 1983Asitmarksits19thcourseofthePostgraduateTrainingProgramme,DIEreceivesarecordof425applications.Therefore,DIEtightensitsselectioncriteria.

April 1982ArgentinaisdefeatedbytheUnitedKingdom,ending TheFalklandsWarandspellingthebeginningoftheend forArgentina'smilitarydictatorship.

October 1984Indian Prime Minister IndiraGandhiisassassinated.

In today’s world, we cannot afford to live in isolation, which is why we should speak three languages: a regional, a national and an international.Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984

„

33

chronicle

force environmental protection, facilitate the

establishmentofhumanrightsanddriveinter-

nationalco-operation.However,theycouldalso

tendtowardsnationalismandtargetprosperity

withoutconsideringtheeconomicandsocialcosts

ofthis.Examplesexistforbothofthesedynam-

ics.Howcaninternationalco-operationbedevel-

oped in order to form alliances for sustainability

anddemocracywiththenewmiddleclasses?

The new communication technologies

representthefirstglobalplatformonwhichpeo-

plearoundtheworldcancommunicateinreal

timeandatrelativelylowcost.Theuseofthese

technologiesforglobalco-operationandworld-

widelearningprocessesisstillinitsinfancy.The

communicationtechnologiescanstrengthencivil

societiesandthereforedemocracy;however,they

alsohavethepotentialtopromotepowerfulstate

surveillancestructures;thereisalsothefearthat

privatecompaniescouldestablishnetworksof

globaldatapools,renderingindividualsoreven

states subject to the decisions of private com-

municationscompanies.Itisnotyetclearwhich

socialformationswillemergeonthisbasis,andit

isdependentuponthelegalframeworksandsocial

standardsthatthesetechnologieswillbeembed-

dedin.Nationalandinternationaldiscussionson

thissubjectareconsequentlyofgreatsignificance.

Dirk Messner

Prof.Dr.DirkMessneristheDirectoroftheGermanDevelop-

mentInstitute/DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik

(DIE),Co-DirectoroftheKäteHamburgerKolleg/Centrefor

Global Cooperation Research and Co-Chair of the German

AdvisoryCouncilonGlobalChange(WBGU).

www.die-gdi.de/en/dirk-messner/

January 1985HansH.Lembkepublishesthestudy‘Energy Use in Residental Buildings in Greater Amman’,whichexaminesthepotentialofenergy-efficientconstructionmethodsfordevelopingcountries.

May 1985Gudrun Lachenmann releases the study ‘Ökologie und Sozialstruktur in Mali’,DIE'sfirstpublicationonsocial andenvironmentalinequality.

April 1985JoséSarneyCostaiselectedBrazil'sfirstcivilianPresident,bringingtoanendthecountry'smilitarydictatorship.

“Bonn is Germany’s United

Nations City and a hub for sustain-

able development worldwide. We are

proud to be home to key actors in German

development co-operation. Amongst those, the

German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für

Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) has played a special role,

demonstrating scientific excellence, successful

policy making and high performance in develop-

ment capacity building for half a century now.

Congratulations on 50 years of leadership

in German development policy, DIE!”

Jürgen Nimptsch, Mayor of Bonn and Vice Chair of the World Mayors

Council on Climate Change

“The

land-

scape of

international

co-operation and the

development agenda is becom-

ing more and more complex. Now in particular we

need to urgently abandon familiar paths. Over a

period of 50 years, DIE has gained the competence and

the reputation as one of only very few institutes worldwide

that can redraw the maps with vision and foresight. Many

actors, not only German and even us as an ecclesiastic development

service need this pioneering expertise and we wholeheartedly

support its expansion rather than its downsizing.”

Cornelia Füllkrug-Weitzel, Brot für die Welt & Evan-gelisches Werk für Diakonie und Entwicklung

“The German

Development Institute /

Deutsches Institut für

Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is

continuing its long tradition of

thought leadership by convening the

German Sustainable Development

Solutions Network. SDSN Germany com-

prises Germany’s eminent research institutions

on sustainable development and promises to play

an important role in fostering a public debate on the sustain-

able development agenda and in promoting practical solutions.

Over the coming years I look forward to working closely with DIE on

supporting the design and implementation of the Sustainable

Development Goals in Germany and beyond.”

Jeffrey Sachs, Columbia University's Earth Institute & Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)

Congratulations

“For 50 years DIE

has provided construc-

tively critical input to the

debates concerning questions of

global development. It brings up painful

subjects, offers possible solutions and is an

important partner in the field of politics.

DIE has truly become an Institution!

This is something the Institute can

really be proud of and I would like to offer

congratulations on behalf of the CDU/

CSU parliamentary group on the

occasion of its birthday!”

Sibylle Pfeiffer, MP, CDU/CSU parliamentary

group

“DIE has been

supporting the work

of the German parliament for

50 years with its research. It is a trailblazer for new perspec-

tives on international development and also a critical observer of

political decisions. Its high-grade research work enhances debates on

development policy with differentiated theses that can also be provoca-

tive, as well as with reliable findings that provide a solid foundation upon

which to make political decisions. I am impressed again and again by the staff at

the DIE with their tireless efforts to shape a more just world. This also gives a voice to those

who often go unheard, namely the poorest people of this world. Many thanks for this!

I would also like to especially thank Dirk Messner, who not only drives forward the work

of the institute with incredible zeal for research but also presents it to the outside

world with enthusiasm and persuasiveness. I wish you and your Institute

continuing success in your work and look forward to your impulses for my

own work. ”

Bärbel Kofler, Member of the German Bundestag, SPD parliamentary group

It is with deep

gratitude that we look

back on our close co-opera-

tion from a personal, institutional

and content-related point of view.

As one of the most influential research

institutes in the field of development policy

DIE is an important partner for church develop-

ment co-operation. DIE thinks ahead in the best

possible sense and invites us to improve our work for the

benefit of the poor so that all survive. So how will this great trans-

formation come about? The answer - if many courageously work

together to achieve a global partnership leading to One World for all. The

work of DIE opens important horizons for us to this end. We would

like to offer our congratulations and wish them God’s blessing

for this ground-breaking work in the years to come.

Pirmin Spiegel, Misereor

chronicle


2014issettoseethemergeroftwoprocesses

currentlyunderwaywithintheframeworkofthe

United Nations (UN): the development of Sustain-

ableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)andagreementon

a successor to the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs),whichweresetin2001with2015astarget

year.Proposalsforacomprehensivepost-2015

agendaaretobeformulatedinthecomingyear.The

goalsaretoapplytobothindustrialisedanddevelop-

ingcountries.Sustainabledevelopmentistobethe

generalguidingprincipleforthenewagenda;butit

remainstobeseenjusthowthisprincipleisreflected

intheindividualgoals.

The1992UnitedNationsConferenceonEnviron-

mentandDevelopmentinRiodeJaneirowasthe

firstmilestoneintheagreementonsuchaconcept.

Hereitbecamegenerallyacknowledgedthathuman

developmentisonlypossibleinthelongtermifit

addressesthethreeissuesthatwerefromthenon

referred to as the three “dimensions of sustainable

Post-2015: An opportunity for social and ecological development

January 1987ThomasKampffmeyerpublishes‘Die Verschuldungskrise der Entwicklungsländer. Probleme und Ansatzpunkte für eine Lösung auf dem Vergleichsweg’andadvocatesadebtrelief.

May 1989WithanofficialceremonyandanalumnimeetingDIEmarksits25th anniversary inBerlin.

April 1986TheChernobylnucleardisaster,theworst ofitskinduptothispointinhistory,releases largeamountsofradiation.

August 1988TheIran-Iraqwarends.

37

chronicle

development”:economicefficiencyandeconomic

growth,socialjusticeandtheprotectionofthe

environmentandnaturalresources.However,in

themajorityofpolicyfieldsthisconceptfailedto

establishitself;withitonlyprevailingintheareaof

environmentalpolicyoverthecourseofthepasttwo

decades.Incontrast,inthefieldofeconomicpolicy

theco-existenceofeconomicandecologicalgoals

waslongregardedasconflictive.Anextensivediscus-

sionemergedregardingthequestiontowhichextent

economicgrowthcanstillbeachievedinthefaceof

environmental protection efforts and the costs as-

sociatedwiththese.

Inthefieldofsocialpolicythefocusisalmostex-

clusively upon the interaction of social and economic

development.Forexample,thepro-poorgrowthde-

bateofthelastdecadeconcentratedonthequestion

oftheextenttowhichgrowthcouldcontributeto

combatingpoverty,andunderwhichcircumstances

thiscouldoccur.

May 1990Four applicants from the GDR are able totakepartinthe26th course of the PostgraduateTrainingProgramme.

November 1989TheBerlinWallfalls,usheringintheprocessofreunificationbetweenEastandWestGermanyandtheendoftheEast-Westconflict,andawakeninghopesofapeaceanddevelopmentdividend.

We are the people!A slogan much used in German history, becomes particularly associated with the Monday Demonstrations in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989.

„

Source: German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

The three dimensions of sustainable development

Economic growth and efficiency

Necessary debate related to the post-2015 agenda

Ecology vs. economy debate

1990s

Pro-poor growth debate

2000s

equitable

sustainable

bearable

viable

Social justice

Environmental protection

chronicle


Incontrast,linksbetweensocialjusticeand

environmentalprotectionwerelongkeptseparate.

This also applied to the MDGs and the efforts of the

internationalcommunitytoimplementthese.The

dimension of environmental sustainability played a

subordinatedrolehere.Environmentalprotectionwas

justonegoalofmanyandthemonitoringfocused

largelyonothergoalssuchasincomepoverty,educa-

tion,thesupplyofdrinkingwaterandhealth.

Inordertoredresstheseshortcomingsthefuture

post-2015agendaneedstoreflectthethreedimen-

sionsofsustainabledevelopmentequallyinthegoals

andaddressthefollowingimportantissues:(1)What

effectdosocialpolicieshaveontheenvironment?

(2) What are the social effects of environmental poli-

cies?and(3)Howcanpoliciesbecreatedthatpursue

both the protection of the environment and natural

resourcesaswellassocialjustice?

Toanswerthesequestionsitisfirstnecessaryto

considertheinterrelationsbetweenthesocialandthe

ecologicaldimensionsofsustainabledevelopment.

Thesearelinkedtooneanotherverytightly.Onthe

one hand, the poor are disproportionately affected

byenvironmentalchange.Climatechangeandpoor

qualityofsoil,waterandairareparticularlydetrimen-

taltotheirlives,astheyearntheirlivingfromnatural

resource-dependent economic sectors such as farm-

ingandfishing,liveinareassuchascoastalregions

that are particularly prone to natural disasters and the

consequencesofclimatechange,andbecausetheydo

notpossessadequateresourcestoadapttochanges

intheenvironment,suchasclimatechangeandits

consequences.Ontheotherhand,useoftheenviron-

mentandnaturalresourcesconstitutesanexisten-

tial basis for the poor and they are often forced to

over-exploittheseresources.Thesenegativeeffectsof

poverty on the environment are often over-estimated,

however.Prosperityandindustrialisationmakeafar

greatercontributiontothecurrentenvironmental

changes.

In principle, the environmental effects of poverty-

reducingsocialpoliciesareratherlimited.Reducing

povertythroughimprovedbasicservices,increased

rightsofparticipationandpropertyaswellaseasier

accesstocorrespondingsourcesofincomemayeven

decrease the pressure on the environment and natural

resources.Decisiveinthisisthatpovertyreduction

andgrowingprosperityareuncoupledfromuseofthe

environmentandnaturalresources.

Environmental policies, on the other hand, can

havehighlysignificantpositive,butalsonegative,

effectsonthepoor.Forexample,theestablishmentof

protectionareasortheloweringofenergysubsidies

for fossil fuels have positive effects on the environ-

mentbutalsoburdenthepopulationaffectedwith

restricteduseorhighercosts.Inturn,theseareeasier

to circumvent for better-off sections of the popula-

tionthanthepoor.

May 1990The United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)publishesitsfirst HumanDevelopmentReport.

October 1990The German Democratic Republic joins the FederalRepublicofGermany,completingthereunificationofGermany.

There are no straightforward solutions to highly complex problems. The thread must be untangled patiently to prevent it from breaking.Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991

„

39

chronicle

Theseinterrelationsneedtobetakeninto

considerationwhenformulatingthegoalsofthe

post-2015agenda.Whilstmanyofthe“social”

goalsoftheMDGagendaaremutuallysupportive

ofoneanother,conflictscertainlyexistbetween

theseandmanyoftheadditionalgoalsprimarilyin

theenvironmentalfieldproposedinthepost-2015

discussion.Theseconflictsgenerallyfocusonthe

extenttowhichscarceresourcescanbeusedwithout

exceedingtheecologicalboundaries.Theseconflicts

canonlybeavoidedthroughtheintegrationofthe

individual sustainability dimensions into the respec-

tivegoalsofafuturedevelopmentagenda.However,

if this proves successful, it offers the opportunity to

promotesocialandecologicaldevelopmentparallel

tooneanother.

Carmen Richerzhagen

Dr.CarmenRicherzhagenisaseniorresearcherintheEn-

vironmentalPolicyandResourceManagementdepart-

ment.Sheresearchesinternationalenvironmentaland

biodiversitypolicyanditssocialeffects,globalsustain-

abilitygoalsandthepost-2015agenda.

www.die-gdi.de/en/carmen-richerzhagen/

Markus Loewe

Dr.MarkusLoeweisaseniorresearcherintheSustain-

ableEconomicandSocialDevelopmentdepartment.

Hisresearchtopicsincludesocialprotection,theMDGs,

poverty reduction and small and medium enterprise

promotion.

www.die-gdi.de/en/markus-loewe/

June 1992EdithKürzinger-Wiemannpublishes ‘Umwelto-rientierte Entwicklungspolitik’ and other papers, supportingBMZinitspreparationsfortheUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment.

January 1993DIE publishes ‘Human rights and development co-operation‘ by Peter Waller and other studies in preparation for the UN World Conference on HumanRightsin1993.

May 1994DIEmarksits30thanniversary,duringwhichtimeithastrained592graduatesinitsPostgraduateTrainingProgramme.

June 1992TheUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentisheldinRiodeJaneiro,initiatingaglobaldebateonenvironmentalissues.“Sustainabledevelopment”istobecometheguidingprinciple,givingequalstatustopovertyreductionandtheprotectionofnaturalresources.

chronicle


SinceJuly2013,theEuropeanUnion(EU)has

beennegotiatingaTransatlanticTradeandInvestment

Partnership(TTIP)withtheUnitedStatesofAmerica

(USA).TTIPwouldconstitutethelargestfreetrade

agreementworldwide.

TheTTIPnegotiatingagendacomprisesfarmore

thanjusttheremovaloftradebarriers.Negotiations

alsocovertheregulationsforcross-borderinvestment,

competition policy, intellectual property and a broad

rangeofregulationsthatoftenhaveonlytenuouslinks

toclassictradepolicy–withuncertainconsequences

forthosecountriesthatarenotsatatthenegotiating

table.

TTIPisthesubjectofaviddebate–albeitwitha

limitedfocus.Supportersandcriticsconcentratepri-

marilyontheeffectsofTTIPonGermanyandEurope.

Meanwhile,insufficientattentionispaidtotheimpli-

cationsofthismegaregionalfortherestoftheworld.

Thedismantlingoftradebarriersbetweenthe

USAandtheEUwouldresultinthetwotradingblocs

TTIP – opportunities and risks for global development

August 1994Hans-HelmutTaakepublisheshisbook‘Chinas Entwicklungspolitik’whichexaminesthecontroversial discussionsurroundingChinesedevelopment co-operationanditsrole.

January 1995Thebook‘Die Netzwerkgesellschaft’byDirkMessnerisanimportantcontributiontotheconsequencesofeconomicglobalisationonnationalscopeforactionandchancesofsuccessfuleconomicdevelopment.

May 1994NobelPeacePrize-winnerNelsonMandelabecomes SouthAfrica'sfirstfreelyelectedPresidentfollowingthe endofapartheid.

September 1994TheWorldPopulationPlanofActionundergoesitsfourthevaluation at the UN International Conference on Population andDevelopment.

41

chronicle

tradingincreasinglywithoneanotherandimporting

lessfromothercountries.Onthewhole,transatlantic

tariffsarealreadylowandTTIPwouldonlyleadto

minorlossesforthirdcountries.However,emerg-

inganddevelopingcountriescouldbeharderhitina

numberofsectorsinwhichtransatlantictariffsremain

high.Inthetextileandclothingsector,forexample,

low-incomecountriessuchasBangladesh,Cambodia

orPakistanwouldhavetofearalossofexportsasa

resultofTTIP.

TTIPwouldhavemorecomprehensiveeffects

foremerginganddevelopingcountriesifnon-tariff

trade barriers are also removed, in particular via the

harmonisationormutualrecognitionofstandardsand

regulations.Thiscouldhaveasignificanteffectona

numberofemerginganddevelopingcountries.The

preciseextentoftheseeffectswoulddependuponthe

formtakenbytheregulatoryco-operation.

In addition, TTIP also has immense indirect con-

sequences,whichwillhaveadecisiveinfluenceonthe

January 1995TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO) beginsitsworkinGeneva.

July 1995DIE publishes the study ‘Development coope-ration of Arab donors, objectives, organisation, instruments’ byEvaWeidnitzerinwhichittakesafreshlookattheArabworld.

The globalization of the economy has become an irreversible megatrend in the world society. The building of internationally competitive structures is for that reason a challenge with which industria-lized and developing nations as well as countries in transformation are alike confronted.Dirk Messner in ‘Die Netzwerkgesellschaft’

„

Source: ifo-Institut

Potential changes of per capita income through TTIP

no data available

+6,1 to +13,4

+3,1 to +6,0

+0,1 to +3,0

-9,5 to -6,1

- 6,0 to -3,1

- 3,0 to 0

Information in %

chronicle


futureofinternationaltradeandasignificanteffecton

globaldevelopment.

Firstly,themultilateralsystemoftradingisbeing

bypassedasneverbeforebyTTIPandotherongoing

negotiationsregardingmegaregionals,suchasthe

TranspacificPartnership(TPP)negotiatedbetweenthe

USAandtenothercountries.Insteadofconcentrating

ontheDohaRoundoftheWorldTradeOrganisation

(WTO),theUSAandtheEUareutilisingkeypolitical

capitalandadministrativecapacityinthenegotia-

tionofmegaregionals.Fromadevelopmentpolicy

viewpoint,thishastoberegardedcritically.TheWTO

isandremainstheinstitutionalframeworkinwhich

thetradinginterestsofpoorandsmallcountriesare

bestrepresented.

Secondly,thenewtransatlanticfreetradearea

wouldnotbemerelyafurtheradditiontothelistof

alreadyexistingtreaties.Itrepresentsanewcoursefor

theglobaltradingsystem.TheEUandtheUSAwould

useTTIPasablueprintforfuturetreatieswithemerg-

inganddevelopingcountries–andsetstandardsfor

thedevelopmentofglobaltraderegulations.Thisrep-

resentsenormousrisksforemerginganddeveloping

countriesiftheirinterestsarenottakenintoaccount

whenthiscourseisset.

TTIPcouldthereforemarkakeyturningpointfor

theglobaltradesystem.TTIPandothermegaregion-

als threaten to further undermine the multilateral

negotiationsoftheWTO.Evenmoredangerous:the

negotiationswillprovokethecounterreactionoftrad-

ingblocsbeingformedbyemergingcountriessuchas

Brazil,Indiaand,aboveall,China,noneofwhomare

participatingintheTTIPandTPPnegotiations.

Insteadofthispotentiallyconflict-provokingap-

proachofthetransatlanticpartnersitwouldbebetter

toplacethefocusonco-operationwithemerging

anddevelopingcountries–particularlyinviewofthe

enormous economic potential that these countries

possess,aswellasagainstthebackgroundofthecur-

rentglobalchallenges,whichcanonlyberesolvedwith

theemerginganddevelopingcountriestogether.

TheTTIPnegotiationsareagoodopportunityto

anchordevelopmentpolicyconcernsintheemerging

globalsystemoftrade.TTIPdoesnotonlyimplyrisks,

createdwiselyitcanalsohaveapositiveeffect

onglobaldevelopment.

ToensurethatTTIPiscoherentwithEuropean

andglobaldevelopmentobjectivestheTTIPnegotia-

tionsneedtobeexaminedwithregardtothesegoals.

The development policy actors should push for the

examinationofTTIPwithregardtodevelopment

compatibility.Moreover,thedevelopingcountries

should be supported in their efforts to adapt to the

consequencesofTTIPfortheireconomicstructure,

aswellastonewstandards.

In addition, the EU and the USA should adopt

aninclusiveratherthananexclusiveapproachinthe

scopeoftheirregulatoryco-operation.Forexample,

August 1995HansGsänger,AnnikaFranketal.publishthestudy ‘Towards a Caring Society?’ at the UN World Summit for SocialDevelopmentinCopenhagen.

November 1995HartmutBrandtinvestigatestheimpactofthe EU'sagriculturalexportsubsidiesandCommon FisheriesPolicyondevelopingcountries.

December 1995 TheDaytonAgreementissignedbytheconflictpartiesBosnia-Herzegovina,CroatiaandtheFederalRepublicofYugoslavia.

March 1995ThefirstUNWorldSummitforSocialDevelopmenttakesplaceinCopenhagen.TheCopenhagenDeclarationonSocialDevelopmentdefinestheeradicationofpovertyasthecentralgoalofalldevelopmentpolicymeasures..

43

chronicle

theycouldrefrainfromdiscriminatinginthemutual

recognitionoftheirstandards,sothatthirdcountries

canalsobenefitfromthepotentialadvantagesof

transatlanticco-operation.

ThenegotiationsregardingtheTTIPtreatyand

othermegaregionalsshouldnotresultinthefragmen-

tationoftheglobalsystemoftradeintocompeting

tradingblocs.ThisiswhyGermanyshouldengagein

Axel Berger

AxelBergerisaresearcherintheWorldEconomy

andDevelopmentFinancingdepartment.Hestudied

Political Science in Munich and conducts research on

international investment treaties and their effects on

developingcountries.

www.die-gdi.de/en/axel-berger/

Clara Brandi

Dr.ClaraBrandiisaresearcherintheWorldEconomyand

DevelopmentFinancingdepartment.ShegainedaPhD

from the European University Institute and conducts

researchonglobaleconomicgovernancewithafocuson

internationaltradeandsustainabledevelopment.

www.die-gdi.de/en/clara-brandi/

dialoguewiththeemerginganddevelopingcountries

regardingtherevitalisationandreformofthemultilat-

eraltradingprocessandtheeffectsofTTIPonglobal

development.Thisdialogueshouldbeaccompanied

byjointresearchwithco-operationpartnersinemerg-

inganddevelopingcountries.Oneparticularlyinnova-

tive-butalsochallenging-movewouldbetoalign

TTIPtowardsthefuturepost-2015objectives.

December 1997TheKyotoProtocoltotheUnitedNations FrameworkConventiononClimateChange,a commitmenttoreducinggreenhousegas emissions,issigned.

January 1996 KlausEßeretal.publishaseriesofpapersentitled ‘Globaler Wettbewerb und nationaler Handlungsspielraum’,presenting the concept of systemic competitiveness to a broader public and makingakeycontributiontothedevelopmentpolicydebate.

The Kyoto Protocol states that “industria-lized countries will reduce their combined greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5 % compared to 1990 levels by the period 2008–2012.This legally binding com-mitment promises to produce an historic reversal of the upward trend in emissions that started in these countries some 150 years ago.”

„

“To congratulate the German



for its 50 years of successful performance

is to congratulate my country and my region for

such a brilliant contribution to policy advice, training

of young professionals, research and consulting.

DIE´s institutional independence, equanimity

and intelligent orientation towards large emerging

economies are the sound basis for an original

and updated international technical

co-operation strategy.”

Enrique Saravia, Instituto Saravia, Rio de Janeiro

“The

German Development


für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) recognised long

before others that the poorest people of this Earth

are particularly exposed to the global risks of climate

change. The contributions of DIE to the analysis of global

development issues are outstanding. Congratulations on such

sharp-sightedness!”

Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

“DIE ranks amongst the

leading development policy

Think Tanks and makes important

contributions to debates espe-

cially in the political field. Nowadays in

particular, global development matters are

more important than ever before and require

innovative and interdisciplinary research and policy

advice institutes such as the DIE. On this the occasion of its

50th anniversary, I would like to offer my congratulations to its

director, Prof. Dirk Messner and his team and wish them continuing

success in the field of critical and independent research!”

Uwe Kekeritz, Member of the German Bundestag, German parliamentary group Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen

Congratulations

“Congratulations on a

globally-relevant programme

for research, policy advice and train-

ing! And a great big and very personal

thank-you for the excellent co-operation

as part of the University of Duisburg-Essen

(UDE) MA programmes on development

policy, as well as in our interdiscipli-

nary “joint project” – the Käte Hamburger

Kolleg / Centre for Global Cooperation

Research.”

Tobias Debiel, INEF, Käte Hamburger Kolleg / Centre for Global

Cooperation Research

“I would like to

congratulate the German

Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklung-

spolitik (DIE) and all its staff on its 50th birthday. Today, thanks

to its networking with development policy think-tanks worldwide, it

ranks amongst the leading institutes involved in development policy and

theory research and training. In addition, it offers policy advice to ministries,

governments and organisations and significantly helps to shape international

debate on development policy by virtue of its authority. Everybody involved in development

co-operation profits from this. And last but not least, there are the many hundreds who

thanks to the outstanding training at the DIE are today working in German, European

and international development co-operation. For this I would like to also add my

very personal thanks along with best wishes for the future. ”

Bruno Wenn, DEG – Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH

“Development co-operation has

undergone radical change in recent

decades. Global environmental changes

and development of markets have created

completely new conditions. The German Develop-

ment Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungs-

politik (DIE) always ranked among the progressive thinkers within

this process of change and its input is more in demand today

than ever before.”

Claus Leggewie, Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, Essen (KWI)

chronicle


Beyond aid – The influence of non-traditional development co-operation

Aid is one element in development co-operation,

butarguablynotthemostimportantone.Emerging

economiesareincreasinglyengagingindeveloping

countries.Theirengagementincludesdevelopment

financethatwouldclassifyas‘aid’.Theirstronger

effect,however,isclearlybeyondaid.Development

co-operation consists of an (important) element of

finance,politicalco-operationandcoordinationofan

increasingvarietyofactors,andthesharingknowledge

withdevelopingcountries.

Aidmakesupforlessthanonefifth(19percent)

oftheoverallfinancialflowstodevelopingcountries.

Ifusedwisely–bybothdonorandrecipient-itmight

helpasacatalystforsomedevelopments.Butitclearly

is not the major price for countries in need of capital

inflows.Othermajorsourcesareprivatecapitaland

remittancesbymigrants,andthelatterarecertainly

increasinginimportance.Yet,countrieshavediffer-

entlevelsofattractionforprivatecapital.Forleast

developedcountries,inotherwords:thosemostin

Juny 2000JürgenWiemannreplacesPeterWaller asDeputyDirectorofDIE.

October 2000TheDIE'smovetoBonnleadstoachangeofshareholder.TheState ofNorthRhine-WestphalianowbecomesaDIEshareholderalongsidetheFederalRepublicofGermany.

2000 / 2001AworkinggroupcomprisingrepresentativesfromtheUnitedNations,theWorldBank,theIMFandtheOECD'sDevelopmentAssistanceCommitteedrawsuptheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs).

47

chronicle

Development aid: Net official development assistance (ODA)

need,flowsofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA)

typeoffinanceaccountformorethantwothirdsof

thefinancialflows(67%).TheODA-likeflowsinclude

estimates for a number of non-DAC member states,

suchasChina,Brazil,India,QatarorTurkey.Non-DAC

donors are usually small donors in absolute numbers,

eventhoughQatar,Turkey,andKuwait,forinstance,

provide substantial amounts of aid in relation to their

GrossNationalIncome(GNI).Thebiggernon-DAC

donorsareChina,withanestimateofUSD3billion,

TurkeywithaboutUSD2.5billion,IndiawithUSD

1billion,andBrazilandRussiaareeachintherange

ofUSD1billion.Yet,developmentco-operationisa

politicalendeavourasmuchasitisfinancialone.

Anyco-operationhappensinapoliticalcontext

and co-operation for the purpose of development is

butoneareainbroaderforeignrelationsofcountries.

Emergingeconomiesoftendonotregarddevelop-

ment co-operation as a distinct policy area and rather

seeitasawaytoincreaselinkagesoftheireconomies.

January 2002The Euro is introduced in cash formin12Europeancountries.

It is now time to show compassion and solidarity: solidarity with the people of the United States of America, solidarity on the part of all who stand for peace and freedom in Germany, Europe and around the world.German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder in his official statement on behalf of the German Government on 12 September 2001

„September 2001TheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterandthe PentagonarefollowedbyaUS-ledinvasionof AfghanistanthattopplestheTalibanregime.

Australia

Netherla

nds

Germany

Sweden

Czech Republic

Portugal

Italy

Estonia

Belgium

Norway

Iceland

United Kingdom

Finland

SloveniaKorea

Israel

Austria

New Zealand

Greece

Switzerla

nd

Denmark

Slovak RepublicJapan

Hungary

Canada

Poland

Ireland

United Sta

tes

FranceSpain

Luxembourg

Turkey

United Arab

Emira

tes

Source: OECD International Development Statistics (2013)

35 000

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

ODA

in M

illio

nens

of U

SD

November 2000GabrieleKahnertbecomesHeadof Administration and Service Facilities at the German Development Institute / Deutsches InstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE).

chronicle


Tradebetweennationshappens,andis,attimes,

stronglysupportedbystateloansfromemerging

economies.Tradeinitself,however,doesnotresult

indevelopmentaleffects.Investmentsacrossborders

occur and are promoted and non-DAC development

partnersemphasisetheaspectof‘mutualbenefit’,i.e.

thereisanopennessaboutgainingfromco-operation.

Yet,the‘mutuality’ofthebenefitswillhavetobe

workedtowards.The‘tying’of,say,Chineseaidto

spendingaproportiononitongoodorservicesfrom

Chinaisnotdeemedsomethingtobeshyabout.Some

governmentsmightactuallyappreciatepackage-deals

as‘turn-keyprojects’alsomeanleanerprocessonthe

beneficiaryside.Itdoes,however,reducechoicefor

partners,andmight,forinstance,cutoutdomestic

bidders from the co-operation or result in sub-stand-

ardworkifsupervisionislacking.Ontheotherhand,

atleastintheearlyyearsofrenewedinterest,quick

deliveryonprojectswasoneofthetrademarkcharac-

tersofChineseinfrastructurework,whichhadbenefits

particularlyforpost-conflictenvironments.

Referringtonon-DACpartnerscanserveapolitical

functionfordevelopingcountries.Emergingecono-

mies’co-operationpolicyisstronglyrootedinthe

Non-AlignedMovement,andthusemphasise‘non-

interferenceininternalaffairs’.Theunderstandingof

whatconstitutes‘internalaffairs’isratherorthodox

formostdevelopingcountries.Thisisevenmoreso

incaseslikeChina,wherethepoliticalsystemhas

remained state-party monopolistic and unfree, so that

non-interferenceisseenasalsostiflingcriticismonthe

situationinChinaitself.Thisisattractiveforanumber

of African leaders, and de facto reduces European pres-

sureonundemocraticAfricanregimes.

The necessity for a development-friendly policy

“athome”isalsoemphasisedbyactorslikeChina,In-

diaorBrazil.Thesecountries,however,reachcontrary

conclusionsfromDACdonorsontheconsequences

fortheirinternationaldevelopmentco-operation.

While DAC countries try to support positive elements

ingovernanceandtrytoengageinapolicydialogue

withpartners,thenon-DACpartnersofficiallytryto

stayclearofdomesticpolicyprocesses;theyrather

gothroughpartnergovernments.Thissoundseasy

andattractive.Itdoes,however,becomeincreas-

inglydifficultforcountrieslikeChinaorIndiatoclaim

‘non-interference’,asanyactivityinaforeigncountry

byChineseorBraziliancitizensandcompaniesmakes

thempartytodomesticpoliciesthere.Thelargerthe

investment and trade interests are, the less possible it

istopursueapolicyofstrictlyfollowing‘handsoff’,as

assetsandcitizensneedtobeprotected.Thisiseven

moresothecasewhenenterprisesenjoystrongback-

ingoftheirhomestates–orarelargelystate-owned.

ForChina,theconflictinSudanwasaclearcasein

point:itsoilinterestsmakeitpronetoengagewith

conflictparties,asopenconflictwilldisruptoilexports

whichareimportantfortheChineseeconomy.

October 2003DirkMessnersucceedsHans-HelmutTaakeandisappointedDIE’snew Director.InNovember2004hejoinstheGermanAdvisoryCouncilon GlobalChange(WBGU).

May 2005DIE publishes studies by Guido Ashoff, Sven Grimm, StephanKlingebielandStefanLeiderer,makingakey contribution to the aid effectiveness debate in the wakeoftheParisDeclaration.

December 2004AnunderseaearthquakeintheIndianOceantriggersseveraltsunamis,claimingmorethan200,000lives.

March 2005Over100industrialisednations,emergingeconomiesanddevelopingcountriesagreeonthefivecentralpillarsoftheParisDeclarationonAidEffectiveness.

49

chronicle

Nooneelement–aid,trade,investment,effects

ofmigration–islikelyto‘trigger’developmentsingle-

handedly.Eachoftheactivitiescanbesupportive

or not, but development, the social and economic

advancementofasociety,dependsongooddomestic

policies.Institutionsindevelopingcountriesclearly

matterasfacilitatorsorobstaclesfordevelopment.

Despite‘non-interference’,non-traditionalpartners

acknowledgetheimportanceofa‘goodinvestment

climate’andgood‘softinfrastructure’,i.e.functioning

institutions.

Ideasandexpertise–includingconnectivitywith

thetargetgroups–matter.Whereemphasisison

state-to-stateco-operationonly,theknowledgebase

isobviouslylimitedtoonlysomeactors.Onemajor

challenge,particularlyforleastdevelopedcountries,

istoretaininformationonnewopportunitiesandto

understandemergingactors’agendasanddriversin

ordertoseehowtousetheircontributionfornational

development.Peoplemoveacrosscountries,beiton

scholarships(whichareconsidered‘aid’)orintheir

personalcapacity,foravarietyofreasons.Theknowl-

edgeandincomethattheseindividualsgaincanalso

benefitdevelopmentoftheirplacesoforigin.

Whileemergingeconomieshavearoletoplay

aspolicyinspiration,theycanalsoprovidearangeof

technicalexpertise,andtheymighthavelessonsto

shareontheirdomesticdevelopment.Theydo,how-

ever, not represent an alternative model, but rather

areanadditionalopportunityinanincreasingly

diverseglobalsystem.

Sven Grimm

Dr.SvenGrimmisisseniorresearcherattheGermanDevelopment

Institute/DeutschesInstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)and

extraordinaryassociateprofessorofStellenboschUniversity,South

Africa.HehasbeenDirectoroftheCentreforChineseStudiesin

Stellenboschbetween2010and2014.

www.die-gdi.de/en/sven-grimm/

November 2005AngelaMerkelbecomesGermany'sfirstfemale Chancellor.

November 2005DIEmarksits40thanniversarybyorganising thespecialistconference‘Shapingglobalisation–challengesfortheGermandevelopment researchandpolicy’.

Only independent researchers can provide useful and effective advice, and this is especially true when it comes to relations between DIE and BMZ.Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, German Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1998 to 2009

„

“If we hope to survive as a species

and as a planet, we must reflect globally and collec-

tively on well-being and justice.”

Martha Nussbaum, Philosopher & Professor of Law and Ethics

“Today's real borders are not

between nations, but between powerful and powerless, free and fettered,

privileged and humiliated.”

Kofi A. Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations 1997 – 2006

chronicle


Inasatiricalpiece´HowtoWriteaboutAfrica’,

BinyawangaWainainaconfrontstheseveralcarica-

tures that populate the representation of a continent

consistingoffiftyfourdifferentcountries.These

includeoftencirculatedimagesofAfricainthewest-

ernpress“(a)nAK47,prominentribs,nakedbreasts”.

Insimilarvein,ChimamandaNgoziAdichielaments

thepitfallsofthe‘singlestory’andChinuaAchebe

hopes that the 21stcenturywillbringinamuchbetter

‘balance’intermsofglobalstory-tellingwhilemaking

a plea for a more holistic account of the politics of

global‘dispossession’.Theseareonlysomeprominent

Africanintellectualvoicesthatmakeacaseforvaluing

globaldiversityandinclusivity,notjustinhypotheti-

cal terms but by implication in the policy realm as

well.SuchanargumentisnotrestrictedtoAfrica,but

couldeasilyapplytolargepartsofSouthAmerica,

AsiaandtheArabworld.

Whenthinkingaboutdevelopmentstudiesitis

appropriatetostartbyaskingwhetherithasbeen

Development Studies and the DIE: A Reading from the Global South

January 2007The German Council of Science and Humanities(Wissenschaftsrat)certifiesthat the DIE combines research, policy adviceandtrainingtogoodeffect.

The costs of action – reducing greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change – can be limited to around 1 % of global GDP each year.Sir Nicholas Stern, Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

„October 2006 The ‘Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change’ispublished,highlightingthedangersandhigheconomiccostsofirreversibleclimatechange.

53

chronicle

complicit in the intended or unintended distortion

ofthe‘lifeworlds’oftheglobalSouthorwhetherit

hasengagedtheseconcernsprogressively.Several

disciplineslikeanthropology,areastudiesandinter-

nationalrelationshavebeencloselyintertwinedwith

Empire in the past, and have helped to reinforce these

typesofmisrepresentation.Andyettheyhaveself-

consciouslysoughttoremedythoseslantsinrecent

decades.Misrepresentationoftenentailshighhuman

costs.Thestainsofthecolonialpastareresistantbut

all the above mentioned disciplines are appraised

(tovaryingdegrees)oftheneedtoturnanewleaf.

Whataboutdevelopmentstudies?Whilesomeargue

thatthefieldisflounderingandrisksinconsequence,

othersthinkthatwithsomere-inventionitssurvival

ifnotitscontinuedpresenceisassured.

DevelopmentisthemantranotjustintheAnglo-

Americanworldbuthasalwaysfoundendorsment

amongrulingelitesinthedevelopingworld.Itisthe

contentofdevelopmentthatisincreasinglycon-

February 2007HartmutBrandtandUweOtzenpublish‘Poverty Oriented Agricultural and Rural Development’andwarnoftherisksofhavingneglectedruralareasformanyyears.

May 2007DIEbeginspublishingthebookseries‘Entwicklungs-theorie und Entwicklungspolitik’inco-operationwithNomosVerlag.ArticlesrelatedtodevelopmentpolicyandNorth-Southrelationsarepublishedintheseries.

June 2007The 33rdG8summittakesplaceinHeiligendammunderthemotto“GrowthandResponsibility”.

March 2007 TheEuropeanUnioncommitstoreducing greenhousegasemissionsbyonefifthin 2020relativeto1990levels.

asymmetries of global power

distortionlegitimacy

basic research inclusivity

stereotypeschange in mindset and listening provision of public goods

global diversity

chronicle


tested.Scepticismaboutoldmodernisationpara-

digmswiththeirtrickledownrationales,thethreatto

livelihoodsofpeoplewhocalledthebluffofEnlight-

enment‘progress’andfundamentalquestionsasto

whatconstituteshumanwell-beingmorebroadlyand

howitcanbeevaluatedinevitablyopensafreshcan

ofworms.Inshort,developmenthascometomean

differentthingstodifferentpeoplebuteverybody

wantsasliceofit.

What does the rise of old civilisation states do

tocomplicatethisnarrativefurther?Iusetheword

complicateconsciouslytosuggesttheerosionofthe

oldstatusquoandtheactivecontestationofthe

globalprivilegesthattraditionalmajorpowershith-

ertoassumedasamatterofnaturalright.Thebasic

questioniswhethertheglobalprovisionofpublic

goodsinthe21stcenturywillbemoreegalitarianand

justthistimearound?Withoutdwellingonhistory

fortoolong,sufficeittosaythatthewealthofthe

traditionalcolonialpowerswasbuiltontheeconomic

drainofthecolonisedeconomies.Whatwillbedif-

ferentnow?Thereareatleastthreecrucialchallenges

thatconfrontthemajorpowersinthecontemporary

internationalsystem.First,thereisaneedtogo

beyondcosmetics.Meretokenismofbetterrepresen-

tationininternationalbodieswillnotsuffice.What

thisentailsiscarryingoutmorethoroughgoingand

deeper structural transformations that address the

unevennessofcontemporaryglobalisation.Second,

thereisaneedtorejecttemptingstereotypes.Only

withanopenmindcanwehearabovethedinofthe

usualbackgroundnoises.Thesenoisesaregener-

atedbyattentiontotrivialitieswithoutaddressing

fundamentalasymmetriesofglobalpower,process

andpoliticaloutcomes.Onlyachangeinmindsetcan

offsetthesechallenges.Suchataskiseasieraccom-

plishedinprincipleratherthanactualpractice.Thirdly,

thereisaneedtolookbeyondthestandardpremises

of conventional social science in order to depart from

whatscholarslikeUlrichBeckhavereferredtoas

´methodologicalnationalism´.Ourkneejerkreflexto

examineallglobalissuesfromthevantagepointof

nationalinterestsisnotlikelytogeneratethemost

imaginativeoutcomes.

TheDIEiswellplacedinmanyrespectstolend

aninsightfulperspectiveonthenecessarytransi-

tionsthatareintunewithevolvingglobalrealities.

It is nimble footed as illustrated in the considerable

thoughtandrefinementthathasgoneintoitsGlobal

GovernanceSchoolforyoungprofessionalsfromthe

emergingeconomies.Ithasbeenaheadofthecurve

bothintermsofacknowledgingfundamentalchanges

inglobalmultipolarityandhasitspoliticalinstinctsin

therightplacewhilerecognisingtheneedtocrea-

tivelyextractsocialscienceinsightsintorelevantand

timelypolicyadvice.Toitsaddedadvantageisitsre-

ceptivityinembracingmulti-disciplinaritytocoaxthe

bestfromdiverselearningexperiences.Itswillingness

August 2007The Global Governance School is established, providingtheacademicandresearch componentofthedialogueandtraining format‘ManagingGlobalGovernance’.

December 2007The United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), a joint initiative,ongoingtothisday,oftheAfricanUnionand theUNinSudan,commences.

There are very few places which cater to this kind of concept – calling people from so many countries, so many different nationalities, so many cultures. […] I think if there are more such concepts or institutions around the world, the world would be a better place.Arun Sharma, Global Governance School 2009

„

55

chronicle

toconversewithevolutionarybiologists,anthropolo-

gists,experimentaleconomistsandSouthernInter-

nationalRelationsscholarsamongothersspeakswell

ofitscapacitytolistenanditsownrecognitionthat

globalproblemscannotbesolvedbypurelynational

logicsaugurswellforamoredifferentiatedandnu-

ancedoutlook.

Whatcanitdofurthertoaddtoitsexisting

sheen?Thereisperhapsgreaterscopeforsustained

theoreticalengagementandinnovation.Whilethere

appearstobeacertainurgencytopronounceon

issuesofpoliticalexpediency-globalaidpolitics,de-

mocracypromotion,definitionsofdevelopmentwith

abigD,andtheadvocacyofliberalhumanrightsand

ruleoflawparadigms,Istillthinkthatalltheseissues

meritmuchgreaterscrutinyawayfromtheglareof

policy.Academicsliketoletthedustsettlebeforethey

pronounceandDIE´sownmandatetoinformpolicy

compelsittooperatewithamorelimitedtemporal

frame.However,thereislikelytobenosubstituteto

basicresearchwithpotentiallylonggestationperiods

thatcouldseektoaddressallthedifficultlogjams

ofourtimes–fromclimatechangedilemmastothe

returnofpoliticaleconomyfocusedonwealthand

incomeinequalities.Iwouldimaginethatbeyond

pushingthepolicyenvelope,DIEneedstoconsciously

developaresearchclusterdevotedtotheorising

macro-historicalandmacro-economicchange,prying

opentorigorousscrutinywhatconstitutesjustice

andtowhom.Mostsignificantly,itshouldpromote

thinkingofglobalinequalityandlegitimacyfromthe

perspectivewhichAchebehadsoprescientlythought

ofas,the‘dispossessed’inthe21stcentury.Develop-

ment studies and DIE may have disparate intellec-

tuallineages.However,todaytheyshareconjoined

fortunesandthereinliesthechallenge.

Siddharth Mallavarapu

Professor Siddharth Mallavarapu is currently Chairperson, Depart-

mentofInternationalRelationsattheSouthAsianUniversityinNew

Delhi.Hisprincipalareasofacademicfocusincludeinternational

relationstheory,intellectualhistoriesoftheglobalsouthandglobal

governancedebates.Heisanalumnusofthe‘ManagingGlobal

Governance’programmeandhasbeenaSeniorFellowattheKäte

HamburgerKolleg/CentreforGlobalCooperationResearch.

November 2008BarackObamaiselectedasthe44th President oftheUnitedStates.

June 2009 ImmeScholzsucceedsJürgen WiemannasDeputyDirectorofDIE.

January 2009DIEisincludedforthefirsttimeinthe‘GlobalGoToThinkTankRanking’Index,rankingasoneofthetop-tenthinktanks intheareaofdevelopmentpolicy.

September 2008MajorUSbankLehmanBrotherscollapses, markingthestartoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.

chronicle


The German Development Institute / Deutsches

InstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)hasbeentaking

part in an interdisciplinary research process since

2012thatisinstitutionallyanchoredattheKäte

HamburgerKolleg/CentreforGlobalCooperation

ResearchattheUniversitätDuisburg-Essen.The

Centreviewsglobalco-operationasthekeytothe

effectiveandlegitimatetacklingofpressingtransna-

tionalchallenges.Togetherwithfellowsfromvarious

regionsoftheworldandacademic/scientificdisci-

plines the Centre attempts to scrutinise the founda-

tionsforhumanco-operation.

Thisdirectionofinvestigationisofgreatrelevance

todevelopmentpolicyandtheDIE.Global,human-

madeenvironmentalchangessuchasclimatechange

orthelossofbiologicaldiversitythreatendevelop-

ment processes and limit the development opportu-

nitiesoffuturegenerationsinboththeglobalsouth

andnorth.Thetacklingofsuchcross-borderproblem

areas,thecausesofwhichmanycontributetoand

Can we learn from co-operation research?

November 2010TheGermanCouncilofScienceandHumanities (Wissenschaftsrat) praisesinitsassessmentoftheprogressmadebyDIEthe“outstandingworkintheareasofresearch,policyadviceandtraining”.

March 2011Atsunamileadstoanuclearmeltdown inseveralreactorsattheFukushimanuclearpowerplant,resultingintheworstnuclearreactordisasterinhistory.

December 2010 TunisianfruitandvegetablesellerMohamed Bouazizisetshimselfonfire,triggeringthe revolutioninTunisiaandtheArabSpring.

Fukushima changed my position on nuclear energy. […] Renewables will be at the heart of our future energy supply plans.German Chancellor Angela Merkel in her official statement on behalf of the German Government on 09.06.2011

„

57

chronicle

whichevenmoreareaffectedby,callsformoreeffec-

tivecollectiveaction.Inaddition,inanageofglobal

powershiftsitisnecessarytodefendtheadmittedly

imperfectlegalorderandextendthisfurther.This,

too,requiresincreasedinternationalco-operation.

Thereiscurrentlylittlepositivenewsregardingglobal

co-operationprocesses.Inspiteofanunprecedented

densityofinteractionbetweenvarioussocietiesand

continuousgrowthinthenumberofinternational

organisationsgovernmentsfinditdifficulttoprivilege

thelong-termglobalcommongoodovershort-term

nationalinterests.

Whatinitiallessonsfortheglobalco-operation

oftomorrowcanwedrawifitisnotjustthe“usual

suspects”politicalscience,internationalrelations,

economicsthathaveasay,butwhereculturalsci-

ences,cognitiveandneurosciences,evolutionary

anthropologyandpsychologyarealsoconsulted?

The biological prerequisites for co-operation

already exist.Humansdisplayahighdegreeof

trusthumans

behaviourcomplexity identification

with a global "we"

co-operative ability

decisions

motivation

January 2012 SachinChaturvedi,ThomasFuesandElizabethSidiropoulospublish ‘Development Cooperation and Emerging Powers: New Partners or Old Patterns?’,thefirstbookintheworldtobewrittenondevelopmentpolicyofemergingeconomies.

October 2011DasKäteHamburgerKolleg/CentreforGlobalCooperationResearchcommencesitsworkinDuisburg.Itisaninterdisciplinarycentreforglobalco-operationresearch.

December 2011The1997KyotoProtocolfailstodeliveronitspromise.Globalcarbonemissionshaveincreasedby3percent,Chinaistheworld'slargestemitterat29percent,andUSper-capitaemissionsremainamongthehighestintheworld.

June 2012The United Nations Conference on Sustainable DevelopmentisheldinRiodeJaneiroandagreesthedrawingupofsustainabledevelopmenttargetsfor allmemberstates.

chronicle


co-operativeability.Oursuccessasaspeciesismost

likelydowntothisbiologicalcapability,incombina-

tionwithourcapacityforcumulativeculture,i.e.the

passingonandimprovementofbehaviourorarte-

factsacrossmultiplegenerations.Althoughhumans

share the essential ability and motivation to co-oper-

atewithchimpanzees,fromchildhoodonwardsthey

arepsychologicallybetterequippedtoco-operate

withothers.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatwe

havealwaysfoundco-operationeasy,particularlyin

largegroups.

Thesefindingsfromthefieldofbiological

anthropologyindicatethattheincreasingcomplex-

ityofhumansocietieswasonlypossiblethrough

co-operation–uptothepresentdaywithitsmega

cities, transnational companies and multilateral

organisations.Inviewofthis,itseemsplausiblethat

mankindshouldalsobecapableofmasteringfuture

crisesthroughco-operation.Thebasicprerequisites

forthis,atleast,arepresent.

We need to gain a better understanding of peo-

ple and their diverse motivations and behaviour.

Inthemainstreamofmanysciencesthatdealwith

co-operationthemodeloftherationalactormaxim-

isinghis/heradvantagesremainsdominant.Whilst

thismodelmayhaveitsjustification,itissomewhat

reducedinmeaninganddangerousinmanyrespects:

thereisariskofcreatingaself-fulfillingprophecy

when,forexample,onetakestheviewthatthecol-

lapseofco-operationbetweenChinaandtheUSAis

unavoidable.

Fromacognitiveviewpointitmustbenoted

thattheactionsthatweconsiderrationalareoften

characterisedbyprejudiceandshort-sightedness.

Peoplearelethargicandfindithardtorecognisethe

advantagesofbenefitsthatlieinthefuture.Abirdin

thehandappearssignificantlymoreattractivethan

twointhebush–atendencythatrendersthemajor

transformationtowardssustainableeconomicand

consumptionpatternsdifficultandalsodoesnot

maketacklingclimateproblemsanyeasier.Itisalso

generallyverydifficultforpeopletoplacethemselves

inthepositionofothers,astheyarecaughtupin

theirownmindsets.Thiscomplicatesco-operation

inmanyways,forexampleifadiplomatfailsto

recognisethepotentialforagreementduetothe

assumptionofasignificantlygreaterdeviationinthe

“opponent's”position.

We need to become better at assessing the

complexity of global co-operation.Despitethecog-

nitiveandpsychologicallimitationsofhumanefforts

atco-operation,co-operationbetweenindividuals

andinsmallgroupsisconsiderablymoreeffective

thanco-operationatagloballevel.Onepossibleex-

planationforthisliesintheconceptofsocialidentity.

Itisproventhatco-operationworksparticularlywell

whenthoseco-operatingfeelasenseofbelonging

tooneanotherandmayalsodistinguishthemselves

February 2014GermanFederalPresidentGauckandministersvonderLeyenandSteinmeierinitiateadebateonGermany'sinternationalresponsibilityattheMunichSecurityConference.

November 2012DIEsendsNicoleRippintoNewYorktoworkforUNDP,contributingtothepreparation of the report ‘A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development’,whichsetsoutproposalsforapost-2015agenda.

The creation of a global culture of co-operation is a formidable challenge if we in the 21st century are to have a chance of giving shape to the increasin-gly dense network of global interde-pendencies, rein in global systemic risks and stabilize the situation of our global common goods.Dirk Messner in ‘Review 2014 – Außenpolitik Weiter Denken’

„

59

chronicle

fromanothergroup.However,atgloballevelsuch

identificationwithaglobal“we”isdifficult,with

nationalrivalriesoftenemergingtothefore.Ithas

beenexperimentallyproventhat,forexample,ahigh

degreeofinternationalinterconnectionofindividuals

enhances their tendency to invest in the solution of

globalproblems.Generallyspeaking,thereremainsa

need for considerably more research in order to de-

terminehowexactlyglobalco-operationdiffersfrom

otherformsofco-operationandwhethersuchfind-

ingsgainedfromtheco-operationofsmallgroups

canbetransferredtothegloballevel.

Thesearesomeoftheinterdisciplinaryhighlights

ofco-operationresearchthatnowneedtobetrans-

posedintoabroadprogrammeofresearch.TheKäte

HamburgerKolleg/CentreforGlobalCooperation

Researchiscurrentlyestablishinganacademic/scien-

tificlearningandresearchcommunitywithafocuson

thequestionoftheopportunitiesandlimitsofglobal

co-operation.Co-operationwiththeDIEplaysakey

roleinthis,notleastwhenthegoalistoidentifynew

co-operation forms and determine the most promis-

ingpossibilitiesforinternationalcollectiveactionfor

theprovisionof(global)publicgoods.

Silke Weinlich

Dr.SilkeWeinlichisheadoftheresearchunit“The(im)-

possibilityofco-operation”attheKäteHamburgerKolleg/

CentreforGlobalCooperationResearch.Inherresearch

sheconcentratesoninternationalnegotiations,theroleof

internationalorganisationsinworldpoliticsandtheUnited

Nations.

July 2014 GermanydefeatsArgentinainBraziltoclaimits fourthWorldCupsoccertitle.

September 2014The German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut fürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)holdsaceremonyandan internationalconferencetomarkits50thanniversary.

May 2014 DIEbecomesanofficialmemberoftheSustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(SDSN)andfounds“SDSNGermany”beingledbyKlausTöpferandDirkMessner.

“Dear German Devel-

opment Institute / Deutsches


(DIE), at Welthungerhilfe we very much

appreciate your expertise and your independ-

ence. Your publications are “must-reads” in our

organisation and are much quoted – whether it be in

relation to the future of development co-operation or

humanitarian crisis management. This is one

of the reasons we are so glad to work with you at

events or in strategic development. Congratu-

lations on your Golden Jubilee from the

neighbourhood of Bonn!”

Wolfgang Jamann, Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e. V.

“50

years of

the German

Development

Institute / Deutsches


mean half a century of unique expertise in the field

of development policy. Fortunately, much has changed:

Five decades ago development policy in Germany was still

in its infancy, today the Institute occupies 13th place in the

world Think Tank rankings. The Institute is and remains one of

the main supporting pillars of German development policy. There-

fore, congratulations on the jubilee and many thanks for 50

years of valuable and liberal-minded research. ”

Claudia Lücking-Michel, Member of the German Bundestag

“It is with great

joy that I extend to you

greetings as a long-time

friend and co-operation partner

of DIE. The past 50 years have seen

DIE evolving into a leading research

institute in Europe and one of world’s

most renowned Think Tanks, playing an

ever important role in international develop-

ment. It was my honour and privilege to be part of

the conference ‘Do Think Tanks think?’ of the Global Govern-

ance School and I was deeply inspired by interacting with my fel-

low panellists and GGS members. Please allow me to congratulate DIE

on reaching this important milestone and I am looking forward to

continued involvement in the years to come.”

Ye Jiang, Institute for Global Governance Studies, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies

Congratulations

“The German Develop-

ment Institute / Deutsches In-

stitut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

is a mighty pillar of German develop-

ment policy. Especially remarkable is the fact

that its expertise based on innovative and

thorough research is received far beyond

the boundaries of Germany. The DIE

is an important partner for the editorial de-

partment at E+Z/D+C, its input being

of great value to the editors.”

Hans Dembowski, D+C Develop-ment and Cooperation

“Over the

past 50 years

the German Develop-

ment Institute / Deutsches

Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) has significantly

influenced the national debate regarding development policy

and contributed toward repositioning development policy within

the framework of German foreign policy – even in the face of opposi-

tion. It is difficult to imagine the international debate on development policy

without the Institute. By virtue of its input, DIE is an important source of ideas for

science and politics. Like GIGA the DIE is committed to the linking of theory and practice.

Through its Postgraduate Training Programme it is making an important contribution

to the training of executives in the field of development co-operation. It also trains

young managers from emerging countries via its Global Governance School. For

decades now there have been close working relationships between the staff at

GIGA and DIE. This year GIGA is also celebrating its 50th anniversary and

we look forward eagerly to the next 50 years of fruitful, intellectual

exchange with DIE.”

Detlef Nolte, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies

“The German Development


für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is 50

years old, a milestone to which I would

like to offer my congratulations to the In-

stitute and all its staff. 1964 was also a baby

boom year in this regard since one of the most

highly regarded policy advice institutes in the world was

to see the light of day. What is so special about DIE and why it is

so successful is its interdisciplinary orientation: Research, Policy

Advice and Training work hand in hand and mutually stimulate each

other. Keep it up!”

Ulrich Kelber, Member of the German Bundestag, Parliamentary Secretary for State at the Federal Ministry of Justice and for

Consumer Protection

Heike Ackermann · John Akude · Marianne Alker

Tilman Altenburg · Annegret Altpeter

Ludmila Arnold · Helmut Asche · Guido Ashoff

Alexander Backhaus · Julia Bader · Pamela Baijal

Lilli Banholzer · Beate Barthel · Ulrike Bastian

Julia Bastian · Steffen Bauer · Tanja Beck

Bastian Becker · Bettina Beer · Lennart Bendfeldt

Paul

Bendix

Kathrin

Berensmann

Axel Berger · Linda

Berk · Shikha Bhasin · Klaus

Billerbeck · Johannes Blankenbach

Yvonne Blos · Markus Böckenförde

Bettina Boekle-Giuffrida · Matthias Böhning

Judith Böhnke · Ingo Bordon · Nathalie

Bouchez · Clara Brandi · Hartmut Brandt

Julia Brandt · Helmut Breuer · Anita Breuer

Herbert Brücker · Dominique Bruhn

Elke Brüninghaus · Michael Brüntrup

Renate Bugdoll · Francesco Burchi

Gina Burger · Tobia Cabani

Luis Camacho Solis · Tatjana Chahoud

Lidija Christmann · Burghard Claus

Sylvia Combelle · Florence Dafe

Petra Dannecker · Eva Dantas

Momma · Daniel Däschle · Elisa de

Siqueira Regueira · Markus Distler

Freya Dittmann · Agnieszka

Dobrzeniecka · Heiko Doerschel

Ines Dombrowsky · Astrid

Dorn · Dorothea Dynow · Harald

Eggerstedt · Vanessa

Eidt · Fatia Elsermann

Katrin Enting · Daniela Erler

Klaus Eßer · Per Etzkorn

Lara Eulberg · Ansgar Eussner·

Jörg Faust

Charlotte Fiedler

Aurelia Figueroa

Doris Fischer

Andreas Foerster

Katrin Fröhlich

Thomas Fues

Mark Furness

Ina Gampfer

Sunayana Ganguly · Stefan Gänzle Melody Garcia · Esther Gehrke · Gabriele Geier

Antje Girndt · Ute Goldammer-Leunig · Jörn Grävingholt Sven Grimm · Paul Groß · Heike Großer · Gisela Grunwald · Hans

Gsänger · Alejandro Guarin · Christine Hackenesch · Sigrun Hahn Aimée Hampel-Milagrosa · Alfred Hannig · Karl Harmsen · Michael Haupt

Jeannine Hausmann · Brigitte Heiduk · Benjamin Heil · Christian Heimpel · Jonas Hein Simon Heisig · Laura Held · Andrea Herder · Elke Herrfahrdt-Pähle · Raoul Herrmann · Monika Heupel · Wolfgang Hillebrand · Rebekka Hilz · Ha Hoang · Michael Hofmann · Bettina Hoffmann-

Moreau · Doris Hoffner · Claudia Hofmann · Sarah Holzapfel · Lena Horlemann · Cornelia Hornschild · Britta Horstmann · Hannes Hotz · Annabelle Houdret · Arend Hübner · Wilhelm Hummen · Chinwe Ifejika Speranza · Vitaliy

Isaakov · Heiner Janus · Oliver Johnson · Gabriele Kahnert · Marcus Kaplan · Antje Kästner · Niels Keijzer · Gebhard Kerckhoff · Björn Ketels · Abdullah Khaldy · Heidemarie Khalil · Nina Kielwein · Ina Klemke · Stephan Klingebiel · Rita Klüwer · Alexander Knabe · Laura

Knierim · Svea Koch · Anette Köhler-Rahm ·Michael Kömm · Stefan Köberle · Kristof Krahl · Matthias Krause · Axel Krumsiek · Julia Kubny · Gisela Kuhlmann · Thomas Kuklok · Edith Kürzinger-Wiemann · Gudrun Lachenmann · Bernd Lämmlin · Jeanne Lätt · Ulrich Leffler-

Franke · Sergej Lehmacher · Stefan Leiderer · Julia Leininger · Hans Lembke · Max Lesch · Klaus Liebig · Nannette Lindenberg · Hildegard Lingnau · Markus Loewe · Erik Lundsgaarde · Timo Mahn · Davina Makhan · Günter Makosch · Regine Mehl · Jörg Meilicke · Dirk

Messner · Jörg Meyer-Stamer · Sabine Middecke · Shabnam Mirsaeedi · Karina Mroß · Arthur Muehlen-Schulte · Sandra Mueller · Katharina Müller · Inga Müller · Holger Mürle · Stefan Musto · Mario Negre · Andrea Nepicks · Susanne Neubert · Babette Never · Sonja Neweling · Sonja

Niederhausen · Melanie Nohroudi · Dieter Nolden · Regina Oettel · Günter Oldenbruch · Stephan Opitz · Christa Ottersbach · Uwe Otzen · Asiye Öztürk · Meike Pasch · Sebastian Paulo · Pieter Pauw · Neda Pedram · Anna Pegels · Anna-Carina Petereit · Johannes Peters · Waltraud

Phaneuf · Marie Philipsenburg · Elena Pietschmann · Christoph Primm · Rainer Pschera · Regine Qualmann · Anita Quint · Detlef Radke · Gisela Rau · Caroline Reeg · Tatjana Reiber · Tobias Reichert · Britta Rennkamp · Katharina Richert · Carmen Richerzhagen · Peter Richter · Lisanne

Riedel · Jakob Rieken · Vera Riffler · Nicole Rippin · Greta-Maria Röber · Birte Rodenberg · Matthias Ruchser · Peter M. Rügner · Jennifer Rutowski · Katja Sadzinski · Juan Salas · Patrycja Salink · Ingrid Sattler-Panjatan · Waltraud Schelkle · Waltina Scheumann · Manuel

Schiffler · Armin von Schiller · Oliver Schlumberger · Lars Peter Schmidt · Petra Schmidt · Daniel Schmidt · Johannes Schmitt · Birgit Schmitz · Wolfgang Schneider-Barthold · Renate Scholten · Imme Scholz · Benjamin Schraven · Judith Schubert · Martin

Schümer · Simone Schwanitz · Edith Schwarz · Marianne Schwarz · Lavinia Schwedersky · Daniel Sessink · Marion Siebold · Mairet Siemssen · Julius Spatz · Johannes Sperrfechter · Andreas Stamm · Katharina Stepping · Annette Sterzel · Marianne

Stöckel · Karin Straatmann · Hans-Helmut Taake · Nadine Tatge · Doris Theisen · Ulrich Thurmann · Boris Ueding · Isabel van de Sand · Martina Vatterodt · Georgeta Vidican · Roswitha Vigano · Petra Vogel · Tanja Vogel · Isabel

Vogler · Petra Voionmaa · Jörg Volberg · Frank Vollmer · Ulrich Volz · Christian von Drachenfels · Christian von Haldenwang · Christian Vosseler · Peter Waller · Michaela Waltersdorfer · Ralf Wegener · Franziska

Wehinger · Eva Weidnitzer · Gesche Weiland · Bernd Weingartz · Silke Weinlich · Susanne Wendt · Jürgen Wiemann · Andreas Wittkowsky · Peter Wolff · Peter Wolfrum · Hans-

Werner Wolter · Wolfgang Zehender · Fariborz Zelli · Sebastian Ziaja · Maria Ziegler · Lutz Zimmermann · Roukaya Zimmermann

Kimana Zulueta-Fülscher

64 Annual financial statement

The German Development Institute / Deutsches

InstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)undertakes

policyadviceandtrainingassignmentsonthebasis

ofindependentresearch.

Shareholders of DIE are the Federal Republic of

Germany and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia

withaninstitutionalshareholdingaswellasproject

financingintheformofgrants.

Business development in the financial year 2013

DIEisprimarilyfinancedviainstitutionalgrants

fromthefederalgovernmentandthestateofNorth

Rhine-Westphalia.Forthefulfilmentofitstasksin

thepastyearDIEclaimedfundingtotheamountof

€5.5mfromthetwoshareholdersinthescopeof

institutionalsupport.Inadditiontothis,theproject

fundingreceivedfromtheFederalMinistryforEcono-

mic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and funds

acquiredfromtheFederalMinistryofEducationand

Research(BMBF)amountedtoatotalof€3.5m.

Beyond this, DIE also received revenue from policy

adviceandandtrainingservicesaswellasthird-party

fundstotheamountof€0.4m.

AsaresultoftheincreaseinprojectfundingDIE

wasabletofurtherexpanditsresearchandpolicy

adviceactivitiescomparedtothepreviousyears.

ThetrainingactivitiesoftheDIEinthefinancial

year comprised the conclusion of the 48th course of

thePostgraduateTrainingProgrammeandthefirst

studymonthsofthe49thcourse,whichcommenced

inSeptember2013.Inaddition,the11th Global

GovernanceSchoolwasalsoheldwithinthescope

oftheManagingGlobalGovernancedialogueand

furthertrainingprogrammeconductedbyDIEand

theGIZonbehalfoftheBMZ.

At the end of 2013 the DIE employed a staff of

125,ofwhich78wereemployedintheacademic/

scientificfield,38inservices,sixinCommunications

andthreeastraineeforofficemanagementclerks.

Annual Financial Statement 2013

65

2013 2012

Euro previous year Euro

Income Statement

Income from Payments of the Federal Republic of Ger-

many and the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia

5,490,969.28 4,844,034.97

Income from Project business 3,949,598.31 3,402,350.44

Inventoryvarianceofprojectsinprogressfrom third-party funds

355,832.19 545,032.19

Otheroperatingincome 259,163.47 271,650.15

PersonnelExpenses -6,719,651.01 -6.077,532.16

DepriciationofintagibleandtangibleAssets -159,802.24 -156,821.79

Administrationexpenses -2,369,003.83 -2,108,528.84

OperatingCosts -551,358.86 -426,796.77

SpecialItemsforGrantstowardFixedAssets -257,014.54 -294,395.69

Income from other Securities 1,267.23 1,007.50

Annual Net Profit 0.00 0.00

Profit and loss

1 January – 31 December 2013

66 Annual financial statement

2013 2012


A. Fixed Assets 907,049.20 893,001.40

I.IntangibleAssets 107,482.50 112,922.50

II.TangibleAssets 412,208.50 386,868.00

III.FinancialAssets 387,358.20 393,210.90

B. Current Assets 3,575,970.54 2,767,342.27

I.Inventories 1,945,622.56 1,355,922.32

II.ReceivablesandotherAssets 788,842.14 445,259.40

III.Cashinhand,BankBalances 841,505.84 966,160.55

C. Prepaid Expenses 69,283.93 64,441.00

I.PrepaidExpenses 69,283.93 64,441.00

Balance Sheet Total: 4,552,303.67 3,724,784.67

Assets


67

2013 2012


A. Shareholders' Equity 25,564.59 25,564.59

I.SubscribedCapital 25,564.59 25,564.59

B. Special Reserve from Grants and Allowances for the Funding of Fixed Assets

881,484.20 867,092.40

I.IntangibleAssets 107,482.50 112,922.50

II.TangibleAssets 412,208.50 386,868.00

III.FinancialAssets 361,793.20 367,301.90

C. Accruals 737,944.00 410,100.00

I.Accruals 737,944.00 410,100.00

D. Liabilities 2,907,310.88 2,422,027.68

I.AdvancesReceived 2,499,285.86 2,076,425.86

II.AccountsPayable 26,280.62 169,877.00

III.OtherLiabilities 97,166.16 94,261.84

IV.AmountsduetoShareholders 284,578.24 81,462.98

E. Annual Net Profit 0 0.00

ProfitandLoss 0 0.00

Balance Sheet Total: 4,552,303.67 3,724,784.67

Equity and liabilities



“Earth provides enough

to satisfy every man's need but not every man's

greed.”

Mahatma Gandhi,Indian lawyer, leader of the resistance movement, publicist, ascet and pacifist

69

“In fact, it is not so easy to rule over

a people who are aware of their rights, using traditional, patriarchal and paternalistic

methods.”

Shirin Ebadi, Iranian lawyer and Nobel Peace Prize winner

70 Publications

Briefing Paper

2014

Meijer, Karen / Waltina Scheumann / Daniel Däschle / Ines Dombrowsky:‘Greenandclean?’Hydropowerbetweenlow-carbon andhighsocialandenvironmentalimpactsBriefingPaper10/2014

Rodríguez de Francisco, Jean Carlo / Rutgerd Boelens:WhyPowerMattersinPaymentsforEnvironmentalServices (PES)BriefingPaper9/2014

Klingebiel, Stephan:The future of the ODA concept: the political dimensions of aseeminglytechnicaldiscussionBriefingPaper8/2014

Klingebiel, Stephan / Pedro Morazán / Mario Negre:ScenariosforincreasedEUdonorcoordination:whatistherightlevelofaidcoordination?BriefingPaper7/2014

Janus, Heiner / Stephan Klingebiel / Sebastian Paulo:‘BeyondAid’andthefutureofdevelopmentcooperationBriefingPaper6/2014

Stepping, Katharina M. K.:Post2015:gettingdowntothenitty-gritty:measuring the state of the environmentBriefingPaper5/2014

Holzapfel, Sarah: Presentingresultsindevelopmentcooperation:risks and limitationsBriefingPaper4/2014

Janus, Heiner / Stephan Klingebiel / Timo Casjen Mahn:Howtoshapedevelopmentcooperation?Theglobal partnership and the development cooperation forumBriefingPaper3/2014

Ye, Jiang / Thomas Fues:Astrongvoiceforglobalsustainabledevelopment:howChinacanplayaleadingroleinthepost-2015agendaBriefingPaper2/2014

Brandi, Clara / Birgit Schmitz / Caroline Hambloch:Theavailabilityoftradefinance:achallengeforglobaleconomicgovernanceBriefingPaper1/2014

2013

Faust, Jörg:IstheEarthflatorisitacube?Europeanforeignaid,politi-cal conditionality and democracy BriefingPaper24/2013

Janus, Heiner / Niels Keijzer:Post2015:howtodesigngoalsforinternationalaction?BriefingPaper23/2013

Dafe, Florence / Renate Hartwig / Heiner Janus:Post2015:whythedevelopmentfinancedebateneedstomakethemovefromquantitytoqualityBriefingPaper22/2013

Schraven, Benjamin / Niels Keijzer / Anna Knoll:Post2015:makingmigrationworkforsustainable development BriefingPaper21/2013

Bhasin, Shikha: Internationaltechnologycooperation:lessonsfortheupcomingtechnologymechanismoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeBriefingPaper20/2013

Rippin, Nicole: Post2015:specialeventonpost-2015–stuckintheprocess?BriefingPaper19/2013

Furness, Mark / Frank Vollmer:EUjointprogramming:lessonsfromSouthSudanfor EU aid coordinationBriefingPaper18/2013

Pietschmann, Elena: Assistthosemostinneed,ormostofthoseinneed? ThechallengeofallocativeefficiencyforaideffectivenessBriefingPaper17/2013

71

von Haldenwang, Christian / Uwe Kerkow: Post2015:theinternationalbattleagainsttaxfraud and evasionBriefingPaper16/2013

Keijzer, Niels: Who’stheBoss?Strengtheningtheeffectivenessofcapacity-development supportBriefingPaper15/2013

Hackenesch, Christine / Heiner Janus: Post2015:howemergingeconomiesshapetherelevanceofanewagendaBriefingPaper14/2013

Wennubst, Pio / Timo Casjen Mahn: Post2015:whatitmeansfortheUnitedNations development systemBriefingPaper13/2013

Ashoff, Guido: 50yearsofpeerreviewsbytheOECD'sdevelopmentassistancecommittee:aninstrumentofqualityassuranceandmutuallearningBriefingPaper12/2013

Keijzer, Niels / Brecht Lein / Mario Negre / Nicola Tissi: ACP-EUrelationsbeyond2020:exploringEuropeanperceptionsBriefingPaper11/2013

Lundsgaarde, Erik: Complementarityindevelopment:bringingprivate foundations on boardBriefingPaper10/2013

Berger, Axel: Dowereallyneedamultilateralinvestmentagreement?BriefingPaper9/2013

Hein, Jonas: Climatechangemitigationinadvanceddeveloping countries:thecaseofIndonesia;hotairorleadership?BriefingPaper8/2013

Furness, Mark / Heiner Janus / Stephan Klingebiel:Post-2015: The EU can contribute more than aid to the globaldevelopmentagendaBriefingPaper7/2013

Johnson, Oliver: Universalenergyaccess:movingfromtechnologicalfix to poverty reductionBriefingPaper6/2013

Keijzer, Niels / Adam Moe Fejerskov: Post-2015:whatcantheEuropeanUnionlearnfrompastinternationalnegotiations?BriefingPaper5/2013

Boltz, Frederick / Will R. Turner / Frank Wugt Larsen / Imme Scholz / Alejandro Guarín: Post2015:reconsideringsustainabledevelopmentgoals: istheenvironmentmerelyadimension?BriefingPaper4/2013

Brandi, Clara / Carmen Richerzhagen / Katharina M. K. Stepping:Post2015:whyisthewater-energy-landnexusimportantforthefuturedevelopmentagenda?BriefingPaper3/2013

Koch, Svea: Frompovertyreductiontomutualinterests?Thedebate on differentiation in EU development policyBriefingPaper2/2013

Stepping, Katharina M. K:Post2015:whatcanbelearntfromtheimpactofhealthperformanceondonorpoliciesforhealthassistance?BriefingPaper1/2013

72 Publications

Analysen und Stellungnahmen

2014

Klingebiel, Stephan:ZurZukunftdesODA-KonzeptsAnalysenundStellungnahmen8/2014

Janus, Heiner / Stephan Klingebiel / Sebastian Paulo:‘BeyondAid’unddieZukunftderEntwicklungs- zusammenarbeitAnalysenundStellungnahmen7/2014

Stepping, Katharina M. K.:Post2015:dieMessungdesUmweltzustands–kommenwirzurSacheAnalysenundStellungnahmen6/2014

Janus, Heiner / Stephan Klingebiel / Timo Casjen Mahn:WiesollEntwicklungszusammenarbeitgestaltetwerden?Die Globale Partnerschaft und das DCF AnalysenundStellungnahmen5/2014

Holzapfel, Sarah:DarstellungvonErgebnisseninderEntwicklungs- zusammenarbeit:RisikenundGrenzenAnalysenundStellungnahmen4/2014

Brandi, Clara / Birgit Schmitz / Caroline Hambloch:VerfügbarkeitvonHandelsfinanzierung:Herausforderungfür Global Economic GovernanceAnalysenundStellungnahmen3/2014

Janus, Heiner / Niels Keijzer:Post-2015:wiesolltenZielefür(inter)nationalePolitikentworfenwerden?AnalysenundStellungnahmen2/2014

Schraven, Benjamin / Niels Keijzer / Anna Knoll:Post-2015:MigrationimSinneeinernachhaltigen EntwicklunggestaltenAnalysenundStellungnahmen1/2014

2013

Furness, Mark / Frank Vollmer: EUJointProgramming:LehrenausdemSüdsudanAnalysenundStellungnahmen10/2013

Hein, Jonas: MinderungspolitikinSchwellenländern,IndonesienalsklimapolitischerVorreiter?AnalysenundStellungnahmen9/2013

Brandi, Clara / Carmen Richerzhagen / Katharina M. K. Stepping: Post-2015:warumistderWasser-Energie-Land-Nexus fürdiekünftigeEntwicklungsagendawichtig?AnalysenundStellungnahmen8/2013

von Haldenwang, Christian / Uwe Kerkow: Post-2015:dieinternationaleBekämpfungvon Steuerhinterziehungund-vermeidungAnalysenundStellungnahmen7/2013

Lundsgaarde, Erik: KomplementaritätinderEntwicklungszusammenarbeit:wielassensichprivateStiftungeneinbinden?AnalysenundStellungnahmen6/2013

Lein, Brecht / Nicola Tissi / Niels Keijzer / Mario Negre: AKP-EU-Beziehungennach2020:aufderSuchenacheinereuropäischenHaltungAnalysenundStellungnahmen5/2013

Ashoff, Guido:50JahreentwicklungspolitischeLänderprüfungen(PeerReviews)derOECD:einInstrumentderQualitätssicherungunddesgemeinsamenLernensAnalysenundStellungnahmen4/2013

Johnson, Oliver:Energiefüralle:übertechnischeLösungenhinauszurArmutsreduktionbeitragenAnalysenundStellungnahmen3/2013

Berger, Axel: BrauchenwirwirklicheinmultilateralesInvestitions- abkommen?AnalysenundStellungnahmen2/2013

Boltz, Frederick / Will R. Turner / Frank Wugt Larsen / Imme Scholz / Alejandro Guarín: Nach2015:dieZielenachhaltigerEntwicklung überdenken;istdieUmweltnureineDimension?AnalysenundStellungnahmen1/2013

73

2014

Faust, Jörg / Svea Koch:ForeignaidandthedomesticpoliticsofEuropeanbudgetsupportDiscussion Paper 21/2014

Keijzer, Niels:Reformingthehandthatfeedsyou?ManagingcapacitydevelopmentsupportinCambodiaandMalawiDiscussion Paper 20/2014

Pietschmann, Elena:Managingdiversity:whatdoesitmean?AnanalysisofdifferentapproachesandstrategiesDiscussionPaper19/2014

Akude, John Emeka: Knowledgefordevelopment:aliteraturereviewandanevolvingresearchagendaDiscussion Paper 18/2014

Lema, Rasmus / Johan Nordensvärd / Frauke Urban / Wilfried Lütkenhorst:Innovationpathsinwindpower:insightsfromDenmarkand GermanyDiscussion Paper 17/2014

Lundsgaarde, Erik:Bureaucraticpluralisminglobaldevelopment:challengesfor Germany and the United StatesDiscussion Paper 16/2014

Chaudhary, AnkurElectromobility in India: attempts at leadership by businesses in a scant policy spaceDiscussion Paper 15/2014

Hausmann, Jeannine: Turkeyasadonorcountryandpotentialpartnerin triangularcooperationDiscussion Paper 14/2014

Paulo, Sebastian: Int.cooperationanddevelopment:aconceptualoverviewDiscussion Paper 13/2014

Schamp, Eike W.: Theformationofanewtechnologicaltrajectoryofelectricpropulsion in the French automobile industryDiscussion Paper 12/2014

Never, Babette: Makingenergyefficiencypro-poor:insightsfrom behaviouraleconomicsforpolicydesignDiscussion Paper 11/2014

Camacho, Luis A.: Understandingregimesupportinnewandolddemocracies:theroleofperformanceanddemocraticexperienceDiscussion Paper 10/2014

Ashoff, Guido / Stephan Klingebiel: Transformation of a policy area: development policy is in a systemiccrisisandfacesthechallengeofamorecomplexsystem environmentDiscussionPaper9/2014

Banholzer, Lilli: Whendodisarmament,demobilizationandreintegrationprogrammessucceed?Discussion Paper 8/2014

Yamineva, Yulia:ThegovernanceofscientificassessmentinthecontextoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange:lessonsforinternationalcooperationinscience,technologyandinnovationDiscussion Paper 7/2014

Pauw, Pieter / Steffen Bauer / Carmen Richerzhagen / Clara Brandi / Hanna Schmole: Different perspectives on differentiated responsibilities: a state-of-the-artreviewofthenotionofcommonbut differentiatedresponsibilitiesininternationalnegotiationsDiscussion Paper 6/2014

Furness, Mark:Let’sgetcomprehensive:EuropeanUnionengagement infragileandconflict-affectedcountriesDiscussion Paper 5/2014

Discussion Paper

74 Publications

Discussion Paper

Lindenberg, Nannette:PublicinstrumentstoleverageprivatecapitalforgreeninvestmentsindevelopingcountriesDiscussion Paper 4/2014

Janus, Heiner:Realinnovationorsecond-bestsolution?Firstexperiencesfromresults-basedaidforfiscaldecentralisationinGhanaandTanzaniaDiscussion Paper 3/2014

Schönwälder, Gerd:Promotingdemocracy:whatroleforthedemocraticemergingpowers?Discussion Paper 2/2014

Hausmann, Jeannine:DieTürkeialsneuesGeberlandundpotenziellerPartner inDreieckskooperationenDiscussion Paper 1/2014

2013

Grävingholt, Jörn / Lennart Bendfeldt / Linda Berk / Yvonne Blos / Charlotte Fiedler / Karina Mroß:Strugglingforstability.Internationalsupportforpeaceanddemocracyinpost-civilwarNepalDiscussion Paper 27/2013

Besharati, Neissan Alessandro:Commongoalsanddifferentialcommitments.TheroleofemergingeconomiesinglobaldevelopmentDiscussion Paper 26/2013

Stepping, Katharina M. K.:Challengesinmeasuringthestateoftheenvironmentindevelopingcountries.AliteraturereviewDiscussion Paper 25/2013

Zulueta-Fülscher, Kimana:ContributingtodemocraticconsolidationandsustainablepeaceinElSalvadorandthePhilippines:overcomingthequestforstabilityDiscussion Paper 24/2013

Burchi, Francesco:Women'spoliticalroleandpovertyintheeducationaldimension: a district-level analysis in India Discussion Paper 23/2013

Wennubst, Pio / Timo Casjen Mahn:Aresolutionforaquietrevolution:takingtheUnitedNationstosustainabledevelopment‘beyondaid’Discussion Paper 22/2013

Hampel-Milagrosa, Aimée / Markus Loewe / Caroline Reeg:Whichfactorsdeterminetheupgradingofmicro,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises?EvidencefromEgypt,Indiaandthe PhilippinesDiscussion Paper 21/2013

Schmitz, Birgit:Macroprudentialfinancialmarketregulation:aims, implementation,andimplicationsfordevelopingandemergingeconomiesDiscussion Paper 20/2013

Klingebiel, Stephan: Multilateralaid:structuralchangeanddonorpreferencesDiscussionPaper19/2013

Janus, Heiner / Stephan Klingebiel / Sebastian Paulo : BeyondAid:konzeptionelleÜberlegungenzumWandelderEntwicklungszusammenarbeitDiscussion Paper 18/2013

Keijzer, Niels:Unfinishedagendaorovertakenbyevents?Applyingaid- and development-effectiveness principles to capacity development supportDiscussion Paper 17/2013

Lundsgaarde, Erik: Bureaucratic pluralism and the transformation of development cooperationDiscussion Paper 16/2013

75

Reeg, Caroline: Micro,smallandmediumenterpriseupgradinginlow- andmiddle-incomecountries:aliteraturereviewDiscussion Paper 15/2013

Peltzer, Roger / Daniela Röttger: Lesmodèlesd’organisationdesfilièrescotonnièresetleurincidencesurlaproductivitéetsurlerevenudel’agriculteurDiscussion Paper 14/2013

Loewe, Markus IndustrialpolicyinEgypt2004–2011Discussion Paper 13/2013

Vollmer, Frank: Mozambique’seconomictransformation:areeffortstostreamlinethefragmentedaidlandscapeunderminedforgood?Discussion Paper 12/2013

Johnson, Oliver: ExploringtheeffectivenessoflocalcontentrequirementsinpromotingsolarPVmanufacturinginIndiaDiscussion Paper 11/2013

Faust, Jörg / Maria Melody Garcia: Withorwithoutforce?Europeanpublicopinionon democracy promotionDiscussion Paper 10/2013

Negre, Mario / Niels Keijzer / Brecht Lein / Nicola Tissi: Towardsrenewaloroblivion?Prospectsforpost-2020cooperationbetweentheEuropeanUnionandtheAfrica,CaribbeanandPacificGroupDiscussionPaper9/2013

Faust, Jörg / Jörn Grävingholt / Sebastian Ziaja: ForeignaidandthefragileconsensusonstatefragilityDiscussion Paper 8/2013

Berger, Axel:Investment rules in Chinese preferential trade and investmentagreements:isChinafollowingtheglobal trendtowardscomprehensiveagreements?Discussion Paper 7/2013

Grittner, Amanda Melina: Results-basedfinancing:evidencefromperformance-basedfinancinginthehealthsectorDiscussion Paper 6/2013

Stürmer, Martin: 150yearsofboomandbust:whatdrivesmineral commodityprices?Discussion Paper 5/2013

Peltzer, Roger / Daniela Röttger: Cottonsectororganisationmodelsandtheirimpact on farmer’s productivity and incomeDiscussion Paper 4/2013

Garcia, Maria Melody: Innovationsingovernance:evaluationsandresearch studies on electoral accountability, corruption and multidimensionalpeacekeepingDiscussion Paper 3/2013

Kaul, Inge: Globalpublicgoods:aconceptforframingthepost-2015agenda?Discussion Paper 2/2013

Zulueta-Fülscher, Kimana: Effectivenessofdemocracy-supportin‘fragilestates’: areviewDiscussion Paper 1/2013

76 Publications

Studies

2014

Knörich, Jan / Axel Berger:Friendsorfoes?InteractionsbetweenIndonesia’s internationalinvestmentagreementsandnational investmentlawStudies 82

Holzapfel, SarahThe role of indicators in development cooperation: an overviewstudywithaspecialfocusontheuseofkeyandstandard indicatorsStudy 81

Pietschmann, Elena:Forgottenorunpromising?Theelusivephenomenonofunder-aidedcountries,sectorsandsub-nationalregionsStudies 80

2013

Vidican, Georgeta / Matthias Böhning / Gina Burger / Elisa de Siqueira Regueira / Sandra Müller / Susanne Wendt:Achievinginclusivecompetitivenessintheemerging solarenergysectorinMoroccoStudies79

Reeg, Caroline: Micro,smallandmediumenterpriseupgradinginIndia:learningfromsuccesscasesStudies 78

Mahn, Timo Casjen: Country-level aid coordination at the United Nations: takingtheResidentCoordinatorsystemforwardStudies 77

Loewe, Markus / Iman Al-Ayouty / Annegret Altpeter / Lisa Borbein / Marc Chantelauze / Maximilian Kern / Elisabeth Niendorf / Malak Reda: Whichfactorsdeterminetheupgradingofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesSMEs?ThecaseofEgyptStudies 76

Mallik, Vidyadhar: Localandcommunitygovernanceforpeaceanddevelop-ment in NepalStudies 75

Brandi, Clara / Tobias Caban / Christoph Hosang / Sonja Schirmbeck / Lotte Westermann / Hannah Wiese:SustainabilitycertificationintheIndonesianpalmoilsector:benefitsandchallengesforsmallholdersStudies 74

Klingebiel, Stephan: Entwicklungszusammenarbeit:eineEinführungStudies 73

77

Books

2014

Breuer, Anita/ Yanina Welp (eds.):Digitaltechnologiesfordemocraticgovernancein LatinAmerica:opportunitiesandrisksAbingdon:Routledge(RoutledgeExplorationsin Development Studies)

Never, Babette: Knowledgesystemsandchangeinclimategovernance.ComparingIndiaandSouthAfricaLondon:Routledge

Pegels, Anna (ed.):GreenindustrialpolicyinemergingcountriesLondon:Routldege

Scheumann, Waltina/ Oliver Hensengerth (eds.):Evolutionofdampolicies:evidencefromthebig hydropowerstatesBerlin,Heidelberg:Springer

2013

Brandi, Clara:Successfultradepromotion:lessonsfromemergingeconomiesODIReportJune2013

Brandi, Clara/ Dominik Balthasar/ Hannah Bowen/ Kathrin Hamm/ Whitney Haring-Smith/ Ginger Turner/ Yuzhe Wang /Jiajun Xu:EnvisioningnewpartnershipsforAfrica’sfuture:makingglobalgovernanceworkinapost-2015worldBerlin: Global Governance 2022

Faust, Jörg/ Katharina Michaelowa (Hrsg.):PolitischeÖkonomiederEntwicklungszusammenarbeitBaden-Baden:NomosVerl.-Ges.(EntwicklungstheorieundEntwicklungspolitik13)

Ifejika Speranza, Chinwe/ Imme Scholz (eds.):Adaptationtoclimatechange:analysingcapacitiesinAfricaRegionalEnvironmentalChange13(3),SpecialIssue

Leininger, Julia/ Sonja Grimm/ Tina Freyburg (eds.):Conflictingobjectivesindemocracypromotion:doall goodthingsgotogether?London:Routledge

Lundsgaarde, Erik:ThedomesticpoliticsofforeignaidAbingdon:Routledge

Mackie, James/ Stephan Klingebiel/ Pedro Martins (eds.):EuropeanReportonDevelopment2013:Post-2015:globalaction for an inclusive and sustainable futureBrussels: European Commission

Messner, Dirk/ Armin Frey/ Thomas Jäger/ Manfred Fischedick/ Thomas Hartmann-Wendels (Hrsg.):GlobalisierungsgestaltungundinternationaleÜberein-kommenWiesbaden:SpringerVS

Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim / Dirk Messner et al.:Welt im Wandel: Menschheitserbe MeerBerlin:WissenschaftlicherBeiratderBundesregierung GlobaleUmweltveränderungenWBGU,Hauptgutachten2013

Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim / Dirk Messner et al.:Worldintransition:governingthemarineheritageBerlin:WissenschaftlicherBeiratderBundesregierung GlobaleUmweltveränderungenWBGU,FlagshipReport2013

Schraven, Benjamin/ Amelie Hinz/ Pascal Renaud/ Christina Rumke/ Amrei Schommers/ Axel Sikorski:YouthpovertyinAccra:urbanlivelihoodsininformalapprenticeshipsGeneva:InternationalLabourOrganization(EmploymentReport 21)

Vollmer, Frank:Poverty revisited: the capability approach operationalised inMozambiqueBaden-Baden:NomosVerl.-Ges.(EntwicklungstheorieundEntwicklungspolitik12)

“We continue to live to an irresponsible

extent at the expense of other parts of the world and

as a burden for the future.”

Richard von Weizsäcker,Federal President 1984 – 1994

“The true measure of the justice of a system

is the amount of protection it guarantees to the weakest.”

Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Peace Prize winner and burmese

candidate for President

Picture Creditspage458, 47

106,19,29,33,39, 41,43,49,54,58121618

18, 31, 782023 top23 bottom24,51,69,79262832, 68384344,45,55,5949505256

SourceBundesregierung/SandraSteinsBundesregierung/JescoDenzelPresse- und Informationsamt der BundesregierungBundesregierung/KuglerGerman Development Institute / Deutsches InstitutfürEntwicklungspolitik(DIE)MIWFNRW/DietmarWadewitzCC_NationaalArchief,DenHaag_saCC_Bundesarchiv_Bild 146-1989-047-20_sa/o.Ang.BundesarchivNobel Foundation_by-ncTheWorldBankGroupUnited States Department of Defense_by-ncPhotothekUNCTADChinahistorypodcast.com_by-nclaifCC_MichaelSchilling_saUNFCCCKHK-GCR21spdfraktion.deCC_RobinHolland_saIMF_saCC_ArminLinnartz_sa

PublisherGerman Development Institute / DeutschesInstitutfürEntwick-lungspolitik(DIE)Tulpenfeld 653113 BonnGermanyTelefon: +49(0)228-94927-0Telefax: +49(0)[email protected]/DIE.Bonnwww.youtube.com/DIEnewsflash

Editor in ChiefMatthias RuchserHeadofCommunications

LayoutDMKZWOGmbH&Co.KG,Kölnwww.dmkzwo.de

PrinterWarlichMediengruppewww.warlich.de

PrintedonUPMEdixionOffset,FSC-certifiedpaper,withEUEcola-belandBlauerEngel.

Editorial DeadlineAugust2014

Copyright© German Development Institute / DeutschesInstitutfürEntwick-lungspolitik(DIE),2014

ISBN978-3-88985-643-2

ISSN2190-2232

Imprint

2013

1965

KLAUSBILLERBECK

GERDBRAND

DIRECTORS

DIRKMESSNER

IMMESCHOLZ

DIRECTORS

38

122

BERLIN

BONN

EVENTS

EVENTS

STAFF

STAFF

3

55

301

76

VISITING

RESEARCH FELLOWS

17

68APPLICATIONS POSTGRADUATE TRAINING PROGRAMME

CURRENT

CURRENT

COLUMNS

COLUMNS

0

53

6

VISITING

RESEARCH FELLOWS0

APPLICATIONS POSTGRADUATE TRAINING PROGRAMME

DIE PUBLICATIONS

DIE PUBLICATIONS

Contact

German Development Institute /

Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

Tulpenfeld 6, 53113 Bonn, Germany

Tel.: +49 (0)228 94 927-0

Fax: +49 (0)228 94 927-130

E-Mail: [email protected]

www.die-gdi.de www.facebook.com/DIE.Bonnwww.youtube.com/DIEnewsflash

Department: Bi- und multi lateral Development Cooperation

Dr. Stephan KlingebielDr. Mark FurnessChristine Hackenesch Dr. Sarah HolzapfelHeiner JanusNiels KeijzerSvea KochStefan Leiderer Dr. Erik LundsgaardeTimo MahnSebastian Paulo

Dr. Sven GrimmDr. Mario Negre(on leave)

Department Office

Project Coordination:Benjamin HeilSecretariat:Fatia Elsermann

Department: Systainable Economic and Social Development

Dr. Tilman AltenburgDr. Michael BrüntrupDr. Francesco BurchiAurelia Figueroa Esther GehrkeAlexander Haddad Dr. Aimée Hampel-Milagrosa Raoul Herrmann Dr. Markus LoeweDr. Babette NeverDr. Anna PegelsDr. Nicole RippinDr. Georgeta Vidican

Dr. Andreas Stamm(on leave)

Department Office

Project Coordination:Dr. Sonja NewelingSecretariat:Ina Klemke

Department: Governance, Statehood, Security

Prof. Dr. Jörg FaustJohannes BlankenbachMarie BolsterDr. Anita BreuerCharlotte FiedlerDr. Jörn GrävingholtDr. Julia LeiningerOkka Lou MathisKarina MroßDr. Christian von HaldenwangArmin von Schiller Calle

Dr. Lili Banholzer Dr. Luis Camacho(on leave)

Department Office

Project Coordination:Judith Schubert Secretariat:Gisela Kuhlmann

Department: Environmental Policy and Natural Resources Management

Dr. Ines DombrowskyDr. Steffen BauerJonas HeinBritta HorstmannDr. Marcus KaplanDr. Karen Meijer Pieter PauwDr. Jean Carlo Rodriguez de FranciscoDr. Waltina Scheumann Dr. Benjamin SchravenDr. Katharina Stepping

Dr. Elke Herrfahrdt-PähleDr. Annabelle HoudretDr. Carmen Richerzhagen(on leave)

Department Office

Project Coordination:Anette Köhler-RahmSecretariat:Ina Gampfer

German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE)

Prof. Dr. Dirk Messner Direktor

Dr. Imme ScholzDeputy Director

Dr. Alejandro GuarinResearcher

Judith SchubertProject Coordination

Doris TheisenSecretariat

Directors

Franziska WehingerAssistant

Prof. Dr. Dirk MessnerDirector

Dr. John AkudeResearcher

Antje Girndt(on leave)

Service Facilities

Gabriele Kahnert

AdministrationUdo BöttcherUlrike Biederbeck Lara Eulberg Paul Gross Alexander KnabeNeda PedramAnna-Carina Petereit Jennifer Rutowski Daniel SessinkBernd Weingartz

Patrycja Salink(on leave)

Finances Regina OettelJörg Volberg

Technical ServiceVitaliy IsaakovSergej LehmacherBoris Ueding

Library Heike AckermannHeike GroßerAndrea NepicksPetra Vogel

Mairet Siemssen(on leave)

PublicationsCornelia Hornschild Andrea Nepicks

08.2014

Communications

Matthias RuchserAgnieszka DobrzenieckaAndrea Herder

Marie PhilipsenburgTanja Vogel

Juan Salas

Regional Expertise

International Cooperation with AfricaDr. Julia LeiningerDr. Erik Lundsgaarde Middle East and North AfricaDr. Markus Loewe Latin AmericaDr. Christian von Haldenwang East Asia / South AsiaDr. Ulrich Volz Central Asia and Eastern EuropeDr. Jörn Grävingholt

Department: Training

Dr. Thomas FuesJohannes BlankenbachDr. Regine MehlDr. Tatjana Reiber

Jeanne Lätt(on leave)

Alumni Network: Dr. Regine Mehl Rita Klüwer

Department Office

Coordination:Bettina BeerAssistanceRita KlüwerSecretariat: Sabine Middecke

Department: World Economy and Development Financing

Dr. Peter WolffDr. Kathrin Berensmann Axel BergerIngo BordonDr. Clara BrandiDominique BruhnFlorence DafeDr. Ulrich Volz

Dr. Nannette LindenbergDr. Birgit Schmitz(on leave)

Department Office

Project Coordination:Anette Köhler-RahmSecretariat: Christa Ottersbach

Dr. Friedrich Kitschelt (chairman)

State Secretary, Federal Ministry for Economic Co op er a tion

and De vel op ment (BMZ), Berlin

Ambassador Alexander Baum

EU Ambassador and Head of the EU Delegation to Botswana,

European External Action Service, Brussels

Prof. Dr. Philipp Dann

Chair for Public and Comparative Law, University Gießen

Prof. Dr. Ulrike Grote

Director, Institute for Environmental Economics and World

Trade, University Hannover

Dr. Thomas Grünewald

Head of Department “Law / EU and International Affairs /

Institutional Funding”, Ministry for Innovation, Science and

Research of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf

MinDirig Dieter W. Haller

Head of Directorate-General for Economic Affairs,

Federal Foreign Office, Berlin

Joachim Heidebrecht

Head of Department, KfW Development Bank, Frankfurt

am Main

Dr. Inge Kaul

Adjunct Professor, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin

Board of Trustees

Cornelia Richter

Member of the Management Board, Deutsche Gesellschaft

für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn

Prof. Dr. Conrad Schetter

Director, Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)

Prof. Dr. Udo Steffens

President and CEO, Frankfurt School of Finance &

Management gGmbH, Frankfurt

Barbara Susec

Head of Department, Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB),

Berlin

Prof. Dr. Claudia Warning

Member of the Board “International and Domestic

Programmes”, Brot für die Welt – Evangelischer

Entwicklungsdienst; Evangelisches Werk für Diakonie

und Entwicklung e. V., Berlin

Margitta Wülker-Mirbach

Head of “Development Politics, United Nations, UNCTAD”,

German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy,

Berlin

Dorothee Zwiffelhoffer

Head of Department, State Chancellery of North Rhine-

Westphalia, Düsseldorf

50 years of building bridges between research and practice50 Jahre Brücken bauen zwischen Theorie und Praxis

Documents

German Development Institute - die-gdi.de · German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Annual Report 2013 – 2014 German Development Institute