Geothermal Energy in Poland

8/3/2019 Geothermal Energy in Poland

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Geothermalenergy

KAROLINA MADEJ



Contents

I. Geothermal energy – introduction

II.

Role of geothermal energy in the environment

protection - intr o1. Advantages

2. Disadvantages

III. Maps of geothermal energy occurrence in PolandIV. Geothermal plants in Poland which are in use

V.

The places in Poland where geothermal energy

can be foundVI. Methods of using geothermal energy in Poland

VII.

Summary

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Geothermal energy - introduction

• Geothermal energy is the Earth’s inner energy which isaccumulated in rocks and ground

waters. The heat inside the

Earth is partly the primary heat which came into existence during the formation of our planet and partly the heat that comes from disintegration of radioactive elements likeuranium, thorium or potassium.

• The word „geothermal” comes from the Greek words geo,meaning earth, and therme, meaning heat.

• Geothermal energy is often recognised as a renewable sourceof energy

• The temperature grows with the depth and in the Earth’s coreit reaches even 6000oC.

•

The warmth stored up in the

Earth’s centre is enormous; in

the

surface layer 10 km deep the amount of heat stored is 50000times as large as that which you can get from coal, petroleum,natural gas and radioactive elements used in nuclear energy.

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Geothermal energy - introduction

.

•The warmth is stored in

water, water vapour and in

hot, dry rocks. The deposits

of geothermal steams are

found in areas of current or

recent volcanic activity. Thetemperature of

water vapour in 1 km depths is min 150-200oC

and the highest

temperature of water is 150oC. They are the easiest reservoirs toexploit.

•It is said that 70 countries have geothermal water resources,

which can be used on the industrial scale.

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Role of geothermal energy in the

environment protection - intro• The most dangerous effects that can be caused by

using geothermal energy are:1. Destruction of the landscape

2.

Subsidence

caused

by

extraction of

water from rock

reservoirs.3. Thermal effects and emissions of chemical

substances

• On volcanic areas and in crystal rocks, geothermalwaters are only slightly mineralized and they can beused as drinking water.

• Discharge of this water doesn’t influence theenvironment

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Advantages

• This energy is environment friendly because itdoesn’t cause emission of harmful substances (e.g..

dust, gas) and, therefore, it helps protect nature.• Underground water can be used in health care and

various

therapies

because of it’s chemical properties

and temperature.• Geothermal waters can also be used in treatment,

rehabilitation as well

as

in prophylaxis of illnesses

and motor disabilities and in muscle deficiencies,rheumatic fever, neurological disorders and others.

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Advantages

Chemical composition of those waters decides about

their application in therapy of respiratory systemdisorders, dermatologic ailments, digestion, diabetesetc.

• Geothermal waters are used for heating in industry,agriculture, gardening, fish breeding and recreation

• Geothermal power plants don’t damage the landscape

and the sources of this energy, in contrast to solar or wind energy, are within easy reach because they donot dependent on weather conditions

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Disadvantages

• The first disadvantage is that there aren’t enough places where the conditions of usingthis energy are favourable.

• The second is that during the drawing process of geothermal energy from the Earth’s depth, harmful gases and minerals get

out and it’s

very hard to get rid of them.

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Maps of geothermal energy

occurrence in Poland1. Map of surface heat concentrated in the area of

Poland2. Map of temperatures at the depth of 3 km in thearea of Poland

3. Map of isothermal surface for 80o

C in the area of Poland

4.

Map of isothermal surface for 100oC

in the area of Poland5. Map of isothermal surface for120oC in the area of Poland

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Map of surface heat concentrated in the

area of Poland

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http://h/Energia%20geotermalna-prezentacja/Moje%20obrazy/map-slajd10-b.bmp



Map of the temperatures at the depth of

3 km in the area of Poland

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Map of isothermal surface for 80oC in the area of Poland

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Map of isothermal surface for 100oC in the area of Poland

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Map of isothermal surface for120oC in the area of Poland

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The places in Poland where the geothermal energy can be found

1. The first geothermal plant in Poland

2. Pyrzyce3. Uniejów

4. Słomniki

5. Mszczonów

(1) Which are in use ,(2) which are being built,(3)health resorts (which use

geothermal energy) or geothermal institutions (according to Sokołowski, 1995)

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The first geothermal plant was built in

Podhale near Zakopane in 1992

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http://h/Energia%20geotermalna-prezentacja/Moje%20obrazy/map-slajd16-b.bmp



Pyrzyce geothermal

plant

1. Characteristic:

a) Geothermal plant was started in 1996. b) Waters come from Lias series at depth of 1,5- 1,6 km.

c) Two main exploitation holes and 2 sink holes

with capacity of 340 m3/h. TDS is 120 g/l.

d) Temperature – 64oC.e) The water heat power is 14,8 MWt.

f) 12 000 consumers.

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Uniejów geothermal

plant

Geothermal plant

Thermal waters of 68oC ;

Power – 3,2 MWt

Aqua Park

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Uniejów geothermal

plant

1. Characteristic:

a) Water temperature is 68o

C and the capacity is 120 m3/h.

b)

After heat exchangers the water is directed to

injection hole into the underground water- bearing layer of 40-45oC.

c) In the future, geothermal waters are going to beused in balneology.

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Słomniki geothermal

plant

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Słomniki geothermal plant

1. Characteristic:

a) Shallow aquifer Cr is exploited at150-300m b) Artesian regime.

c)

Sweet waters (17oC) yield –

50 m3/h.

d) The heat is used in heat pumps and the cooled

water is sent as drinking water into the water

network.e) Hydro-geothermal conditions are quite typical

as in many other parts of Poland.

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Mszczonów geothermal

plant

1. Characteristic:

a) Geothermal plant was started in 1999.

b) Geothermal water-bearing level is sandstone of

the low Cretaceous period (Cr).

c) Groundwater mineralization doesn’t exceed

1g/l.

d) Water temperature is 42o

C and the capacity is60 m3/h.

e)

The outlet hole was drilled in 1976 then it was

closed down and reopened again after 20 years.

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Methods of using geothermal energy in

Poland1. Production of electric current by using geothermal

vapour

2. Production of water and geothermal vapour invaried temperatures and purposes (e.g.:

a)

Central heating

b) Air-condition

c) Agriculture

d) Drying agricultural and industrial products

e) Recreation

f) Health care

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Summary

• Poland has a big potential but geothermal

waters are too deep, so working costs would behuge and there is no sense to explore them

because it’s not profitable.

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Documents

Geothermal Energy in Poland