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Guatemala
Geothermal Development
in Guatemala
Edwin Rodas Solares
MEM
Guatemala
General Information
Size: 108,889 square kilometers (Km2)
Climate: Tropical
Inhabitants: 14.4 million
PIB/ head: 7.400 USD
Economic data: One of the largest regional economies
Growth outlook is further driven by remittance inflows
and export revenues from the U.S.
Currency: Quetzal (Q7.80/US$1.00)
Capital: Guatemala City
Borders: Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize
Guatemala Net generation (CNEE 2012):
• Water: 4434.92 Gwh
• Geothermal: 245.63 Gwh
• Biomass: 1003.02 Gwh
• Coal: 1237.92 Gwh
• Bunker: 1772.46 Gwh
• Diesel 9.61 Gwh
Annual consumption: 8703.57 Gwh
Increase of consumption: 3.44%
Electrification rate: 85.6%
Energy Sector
Guatemala
Important stakeholders:
MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines, policy maker
CNEE National Commission of Electric Energy, regulator
INDE Instituto Nacional de Electrificacion, former utility
EEGSA/EPM and Energuate/Actis, distribution companies
AMM Wholesale Market Administrator, market and system operator
Energy Sector
Guatemala
Página 5
Highlights of actual energy policy:
The main objective of the 2013-2027 Energy Policy is to contribute to
the sustainable energy development of Guatemala, with social equity
and responsibility to the environment. The strategic actions to achieve
such objective include:
1. To secure the energy supply at competitive prices
2. To secure the fuel supply at competitive prices
3. To pursue exploration and exploitation of the oil reserves
towards achieving self sufficiency
4. To promote energy efficiency
5. To reduce firewood consumption
Guatemala
Electric Energy Generation Installed capacity (2,378.93 MW) Energy generated (8,703.57 GWh)
Base Generation
Dispatch
Geotérmica
Térmica
Source: CNEE 2012
Water 50,96%
Geothermal 2,82%
Biomass 11,52%
Coal 14,22%
Bunker 20,36%
Diesel 0,11%
Hidraulic 39,93%
Geothermal 1,29%
Biomass 6,57%
Coal 10,73%
Bunker 33,50%
Diesel 7,98%
0
200
400
600
800
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Gwh Geothermal Hidraulic Thermal
Guatemala
Stakeholders:
MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines, policy maker
CNEE National Commission of Electric Energy, regulator
INDE Instituto Nacional de Electrificacion, former utility
Ormat, Orzunil and Ortitlan Projects
Geothermal projects in operation:
Orzunil
Ortitlan
Actual Geothermal Development
Guatemala
Guatemala is located in the intersection of three
plate tectonics:
North: ----- Northamerican plate
Este ---------- Caribbean plate
Surwest ----- Los Cocos plate
Guatemala is part of the socalled Fire Belt
(Cicumpacifico) and subduction zone of the Los
Cocos plate with the Caribbean plate.
This creates a volcanic chain that goes through
the country all the way up from El Salvador to
Mexico
GUATEMALA
Guatemala TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL
MW USED
%
HYDROPOWER 6,000 15%
GEOTHERMAL 1,000 4.9%
IDENTIFIED RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL
Studies were initiated in 1972 in the Moyuta area
The most promising areas were identified
In 1981 l INDE and BRGM of Francia, with local resources and a grant from
OLADE, carried out exploration studies in 13 sites throughout the volcanic chain
Goethermal projects at feasibility and pre-
feasibility stages in Guatemala
Guatemala
San Marcos Zunil
Amatitlan
Tecuamburro
Moyuta
Zona Geotermica
Guatemala
Guatemala 1. TAJUMULCO
2. SAN MARCOS
3. ZUNIL
4. LA MEMORIA
5. TOTONICAPAN
6. MOMOSTENANGO
7. QUICHE
8. SACAPULAS, ZACUALPA
9. ATITLAN
10. CHIMALTENANGO
11. AMATITLAN
12. IXPACO
13. SANARATE
14. AYARZA
15. MOYUTA
16. MONJAS
17. IPALA
18. ZACAPA
19. CAMOTAN
20. GRANADOS
21. ESQUIPULAS
22. ASUNCION MITA
23. POLOCHIC
An study of the International Geothermal Development Agency in 2003,
indicated that the geothermal resources in country can be estimated to
be between 800 and 4 mil megawatts of capacity.
Guatemala
TEMPERATURE ENTHALPY
150°C < T < 300°C HIGH
100°C < T < 150°C MEDIUM
25°C < T < 100°C LOW
PRIMERA
CATEGORIA
SEGUNDA
CATEGORIA
TERCERA
CATEGORIA
ZUNIL LOS ACHIOTES PALENCIA
AMATITLAN MOYUTA RETANA
SAN MARCOS IXTEPEQUE-IPALA AYARZA
TECUAMBURRO ATITLAN
TOTONICAPAN MOTAGUA
Guatemala
No. Nombre proyecto Entidad
Documento
de
autorización
Fecha de
autorización
Estado
proyecto
1 Geotec- Sur Geotec, S.A. Temporal 4/4/2000
2 Valorsa Valores y Servic ios, S.A. Temporal 3/16/2004
3 Cerro Blanco Geotermia Oriental de Guatemala, S.A. Temporal 12/11/2008
4San Marcos Brightstar Renewable Energy Guatemala, S.A. Temporal 12/16/2009
5Zunil II Brightstar Renewable Energy Guatemala, S.A.
Temporal 1/30/2009
6 Ambar Recursos del Golfo, S.A. Temporal
7 La Chinita Recursos del Golfo, S.A. Temporal
8 Clare Recursos del Golfo, S.A. Temporal
9 Gloria Recursos del Golfo, S.A. Temporal
10 Proyecto Geotèrmico Joaquina Centrales Geoelèctricas, S.A. Temporal
11 Proyecto Geotérmico Atitlán Centrales Geoelèctricas, S.A. Temporal
12 San Michkael San Michkael, S.A.
13La Fumarola Recursos del Golfo, S.A.
En Trámite
Año 2000
AÑO 2004
Año 2008
Año 2009
Guatemala
Nombre Proyecto Localizacion Potencia (MW) Res. CNEE Fecha Op.
Geotermica El Ceibillo Amatitlan, Guatemala 25 133-2009 2014
Geotermica Moyuta Moyuta, Jutiapa 44 175-2009 2018
Tecuamburro Ortemala 1 San Vicente Pacaya, Escuintla 50 200-2009 2014
Geotermico Tecuamburro Pueblo Nuevo Vinas, Santa Rosa 44 35-2008 2017
Central Geotermica Cerro Blanco Asuncion Mita, Jutiapa 50 134-2011 2013
Geotermico Tecuamburro INDE Pueblo Nuevo Vinas, Santa Rosa 50 271-2011 2016
Geotermico San Marcos INDE San Cristobal Cucho, San Marcos 24 270-2011 2016
Geotermico Moyuta INDE Moyuta, Jutiapa 20 2569-2011 2015
TOTAL DE CAPACIDAD A INSTALAR 307
Guatemala
Decree number 52-2003
Incentives Law for the Development of RE
projects
Government Decree No. 211-2005
RE Incentives Law Bylaws
Fiscal Incentives:
a) Preoperative and Construction phases:
• Import Duties
• VAT
b) Commercial-Operational Phase
• Income Revenue Tax (ISR)
Guatemala
Article 16. (RLGE) Geothermal Plants. Require
Authorization (Over 5 MW)
Authorizations:
Temporary:
For Studies
Max surface 10,000 square kilometers (Km2 ),
Definitive:
For exploration and commercial explotation
Max surface 100 square kilometers (Km2).
Only one geothermal reservoir
Several interested parties can request
authorization over the same area.
Guatemala
Use of Geothermal Resources
The definitive authorization in a specific area must
Have a signed Authorization contract;
Exploration plan and programs;
Development and explotation plan;
Areas granted through definitve authorization
shall not overlap.
When the player is no longer interested in the resource,
MEM cancell the authorization
The lack of activity is equivalent to given up on the
authorization and quitting on rights over the area.
Guatemala Definitive Authorization (Art. 4 RLGE)
Project description
Project plans (prefeasibility and investment profiles)
Environmental Impact Study (EIA) approved by MARN
Electrical studies prepared according to NEAST norms
Detail of the property tobe used
Authorized permits and rights of way (in contracts)
Work Schedule
Project Budget
Guatemala
Guatemala Inversion US$/kw Inversion US$/kw
Guatemala
Parameter Data
In-depht Average: 1,500 meters
Bottom Temperature: 280°C
Average Power: 5 Mwe
Average Cost: 4 millon USD
Orientation: vertical or deviated
Valves similar to an oil well
Diameter: telescopic de 26” – 8”
Guatemala INDE to fulfill its obligations:
Rational use of natural resources
Support to the Exploration of Geothermal Resources
Ministry of Energy and Mines:
Geothermal Master Plan with Japan´s Support
Financial cooperation from Japan for well drilling
Human Resources Training at the Instituto Regional de
Geotermia (El Salvador)
Launch in 2014 a bidding process for a geothermal power
generation project
• Use of PPP Framework
• Potential JV with INDE
