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11Royal Boskalis Westminster nv
CEDA Conference on Dredging and Reclamation
Dredging and Sustainability:How wide is the Gulf?
Geotechnical Specifications:
a delicate balance between desirability and availability
by
Art Nooy v.d. Kolff
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 2
Specifications/conditions::
maximum speed 300 km/hrmaximum speed 300 km/hr
maximum COmaximum CO22 emission 50 g/kmemission 50 g/km
colour car: blackcolour car: black
delivery 1 month after award of contractdelivery 1 month after award of contract
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20082
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 3
Different offers::
1.1. No offer: No offer:
cannot meet specifications/conditionscannot meet specifications/conditions
2.2. Conditional offer:Conditional offer:
red car painted black, maximum speed 250 km/hr, red car painted black, maximum speed 250 km/hr,
200 trees to be planted, reasonable price200 trees to be planted, reasonable price
3.3. Conforming offer:Conforming offer:
all conditions can be met, very high priceall conditions can be met, very high price
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20083
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 4
FRUSTRATION
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20084
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 5
Content::
Introduction
Design process and Technical Specifications
Case history Doha Airport
Concluding remarks
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20085
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 6
Content::
Introduction
Design process and Technical Specifications
Case history Doha Airport
Concluding remarks
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20086
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 7
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements:
-required elevation of runways
-bearing loads of foundations
-allowable deformation of buildings
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 8
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements
desired properties fill mass:
-strength of fill mass
-stiffness of fill mass
-(density of fill mass)
-(permeability of fill mass)
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 9
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements
desired properties fill mass
boundary conditions:
-nature existing subsoil
-quality and quantity of fill available
-natural hazards (earthquakes)
-environmental restrictions
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 10
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements
desired properties fill mass
boundary conditions
construction method:-equipment
-organisation of fill area
-soil improvement
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 11
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements
desired properties fill mass
boundary conditions
construction method
feasible ?no
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 12
Design process (1)
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20087
structural requirements
desired properties fill mass
Technical Specifications
boundary conditions
construction method
feasible ?yesno
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 13
grading (envelope, fines content)
plasticity
no organic or other deleterious materials
Technical Specifications (1)Fill material
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20088
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 14
relative density (in-situ density, minimum/maximum
dry density, cone resistance)
Technical Specifications (2)Fill mass
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 20089
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 15
Relative density
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200810
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 16
relative density (in-situ density, minimum/maximum
dry density, cone penetration test)
relative compaction (moisture-density relationship, in-
situ density)
bearing capacity and compressibility (cone penetration
test, ..
Technical Specifications (2)Fill mass
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200811
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 17
strip foundation square footing
Reduction of stress increase below foundations
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200812
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 18
relative density (in-situ density, minimum/maximum
dry density, cone penetration test)
relative compaction (moisture-density relationship, in-
situ density)
bearing capacity and compressibility (cone penetration
test, plate bearing test, zone load test)
Technical Specifications (2)Fill mass
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200813
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 19
Case history Doha Airport (1):
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200814
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 20
Case history Doha Airport (2):
minimum cone resistance 9 MPa, increasing with
depth
minimum relative compaction all fill above MSL
95% MDD (modified Proctor)
maximum settlement 25 mm at 150 kPa on plate
of 3 * 3 m, maximum load 187.5 kPa (zone load
test)
Specifications problem: specifications fill mass
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200815
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 21
Case history Doha Airport (3):
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200816
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 22
Case history Doha Airport (4):
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200817
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 23
Case history Doha Airport (5):
various tests measuring the same property
undesirable
specifications were written without considering the
quality of the fill available
tests that measure the required properties directly
are preferable
do not ‘overspecify’
Specifications problem: concluding remarks
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200818
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 24
Final remarks (1)::Specifications must be result of rational design process
Site investigation borrow area in design phase
Specifications should be based on a feasible design
Specifications must be
- realistic
- relevant
- univocal
- achievable
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200819
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 25
Final remarks (3)::
Design Manual Hydraulic Fills by clients, consultants
and contractors under supervision of the CUR/CIRIA
at present participating:
Port of Rotterdam, RWS,
DHV, Witteveen & Bos, Arcadis, Deltares (GeoDelft),
Fugro
van Oord, Jan de Nul, DI, Boskalis
CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200821
Contract Management for Land Reclamation 26CEDA Conference: Dredging and Sustainability, Doha (Qatar), 6-7 May 200822