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GEOSYNTHETICS IN GEOSYNTHETICS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTIONROAD CONSTRUCTION
S.Jaswant KumarS.Jaswant KumarChief General Manager (Planning and Quality)Chief General Manager (Planning and Quality)
National Highways Authority Of IndiaNational Highways Authority Of India
Introduction Introduction GeosyntheticGeosynthetic--OverviewOverviewGeosynthetics ApplicationsGeosynthetics ApplicationsImpedimentsImpedimentsSuggestions Suggestions
GeosyntheticsGeosynthetics
Modern civil engineering construction Modern civil engineering construction materialsmaterials
Modify/Improve soil/geologic material Modify/Improve soil/geologic material behaviourbehaviour
Developed/Synthesized for specific Developed/Synthesized for specific function or application in constructionfunction or application in construction
More than 1billion sq m annual useMore than 1billion sq m annual use
Geosynthetics –The wide varietyGeosynthetics –The wide variety
Geotextiles –Woven, non-woven Filter Geotextiles –Woven, non-woven Filter fabricsfabrics
GeogridsGeogrids GeomembranesGeomembranes GeocompositesGeocomposites Geonets, Geofibres,mesh mattings, Geonets, Geofibres,mesh mattings,
Geopipes, Geotubes.Geopipes, Geotubes.
Woven or Knitted GeotextilesWoven or Knitted Geotextiles
Non-woven GeotextileNon-woven Geotextile
Uniaxial GeogridUniaxial Geogrid
BIAXIAL GEO GRIDBIAXIAL GEO GRID
Woven or Welded GeogridsWoven or Welded Geogrids
GeonetsGeonets
GeocompositesGeocomposites
Geosynthetics – compositionGeosynthetics – composition
PolypropylenePolypropylene H D P EH D P E PolyesterPolyester PVCPVC Synthetic RubberSynthetic Rubber Natural fibres – Jute, coirNatural fibres – Jute, coir
COIR GEOTEXTILESCOIR GEOTEXTILES
Geosynthetics – the functionsGeosynthetics – the functions
SeparationSeparation DrainageDrainage FiltrationFiltration ReinforcementReinforcement Moisture barrierMoisture barrier CushionCushion
Separation functionSeparation function
Drainage functionDrainage function
Filtration functionFiltration function
Reinforcement functionReinforcement function
REINFORCEMENT FUNCTION
Geomembrane Seepage BarrierGeomembrane Seepage Barrier
Lateral Restraint
Bearing Capacity Increase
Membrane Tension Support
GEOCELL MATRESS UNDER EMBANKMENT ON SOFT SOIL
Geocell in the makingGeocell in the making
Geotextile wrapping of GeocellGeotextile wrapping of Geocell
Concrete Facia Panels for GRS Concrete Facia Panels for GRS WallWall
Erosion Control BlanketErosion Control Blanket
Design Requirements for Design Requirements for Asphalt PavementsAsphalt Pavements
Grid Locations for Asphalt Grid Locations for Asphalt reinforcementreinforcement
Reflection CrackingReflection Cracking
Locate near to Locate near to existing discontinuityexisting discontinuity
Mechanistic design Mechanistic design method still evolvingmethod still evolving
Stiff geogrid bestStiff geogrid best Geotextile can Geotextile can
waterproofwaterproof
Rutting in OverlaysRutting in Overlays
Locate where Locate where strains are largest; strains are largest; mid-depthmid-depth
Increase in life to Increase in life to critical rut of three critical rut of three timestimes
Requires stiff Requires stiff geogridgeogrid
GLASS GRID UNDER OVER LAYGLASS GRID UNDER OVER LAY
ROAD WIDENINGROAD WIDENING
bitumen emulsion layer
GLASS GRID
Overlay
ROAD WIDENING
Other Applications in HighwaysOther Applications in Highways
Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil WallsGeosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls Reinforced soil slopesReinforced soil slopes Subsurface Drainage systems-trench Subsurface Drainage systems-trench
drains, strip drainsdrains, strip drains Stabilising canal road systems in Stabilising canal road systems in
expansive soil regions.expansive soil regions. PVD. PVD.
Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil WallWall
Geosynthetic Band drains
Impediments Impediments
Most of the Geosynthetics are imported.Most of the Geosynthetics are imported. Test Methodology they adopt is from country of Test Methodology they adopt is from country of
origin.origin. Test could be of:-Test could be of:- International standards (ISO TC221 Geosynthetics).International standards (ISO TC221 Geosynthetics). European Standards (CFN TC Geosynthetics).European Standards (CFN TC Geosynthetics). German Standards DIN textiles norms.German Standards DIN textiles norms. British Standards BSBritish Standards BS American Standards ASTM.American Standards ASTM. Very few Indian Standards.Very few Indian Standards.
specificationsspecifications
Specifications are from international Specifications are from international organizations.organizations.
AASHO.AASHO. British Textile Technology Group - BTTG.British Textile Technology Group - BTTG. DGGT- EBGEO, Germany.DGGT- EBGEO, Germany. Geosynthetics Research Institute, USAGeosynthetics Research Institute, USA Presence of large number of test methods & Presence of large number of test methods &
specifications are a matter of concern and specifications are a matter of concern and confusion. confusion.
Need for TestingNeed for Testing
Index Testing-Basic Properties of ProductsIndex Testing-Basic Properties of Products Quality control tests- Rapid testing to Quality control tests- Rapid testing to
assure continuity of equality.assure continuity of equality. Performance testing- Testing of Performance testing- Testing of
Geosynthetics in contact with soil under Geosynthetics in contact with soil under standard conditions in the lab to provide standard conditions in the lab to provide better simulation of site conditions. Also in better simulation of site conditions. Also in full scale on site.full scale on site.
R&D FACILITIESR&D FACILITIES
Available R&D facilities:-Available R&D facilities:- IITs, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai.IITs, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai. BTRABTRA CRRICRRI CCRI, Coir BoardCCRI, Coir Board SASMIRASASMIRA Manufacturers Lab.Manufacturers Lab.
R&D FACILITIESR&D FACILITIES
The existing Labs may have excellent facilities The existing Labs may have excellent facilities butbut
May not necessarily have all relevant May not necessarily have all relevant facilities for test house.facilities for test house.
May not maintain ambient temperature and May not maintain ambient temperature and humidity as required by ISO (21± 2°humidity as required by ISO (21± 2°CC &65%). &65%).
May not have necessary Grips for all varieties May not have necessary Grips for all varieties of Geosynthetics.of Geosynthetics.
May not have skilled/Trained Technicians.May not have skilled/Trained Technicians. Not accredited.Not accredited.
SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS Need for establishing national organisation to Need for establishing national organisation to
address the problems.address the problems.Role:-Role:-1)1) Functions as a Geosynthetics test house.Functions as a Geosynthetics test house.i.i. QC checking at the place of manufacturer.QC checking at the place of manufacturer.ii.ii. Property assessment of the product for the Property assessment of the product for the
designer. designer. iii.iii. 33rdrd party quality control testing of product. party quality control testing of product.iv.iv. Testing & evaluation for product certifications.Testing & evaluation for product certifications.v.v. Testing for R&D needs.Testing for R&D needs.
SUGGESTIONSSUGGESTIONS
2)2) Render advice to the industry & Govt.Render advice to the industry & Govt.
3)3) Organise short refresher & training Organise short refresher & training programs.programs.
4)4) Develop laison with all specifying dept. Develop laison with all specifying dept. like BIS, IRC & International institutions.like BIS, IRC & International institutions.
Immediate Standardization of Immediate Standardization of specifications, test procedures.specifications, test procedures.
Code on the lines of BS 8006.Code on the lines of BS 8006.
THANK YOU