Geospatial Information Monitoring Systems to … Exchange...Banaue, Ifugao is about 320 km north of Metro Manila and can be reached after 8-hour bus ride from Manila. It is one of

Research Engagement and Advocacy Program

Geospatial Information Monitoring Systems to

Support Environmental Planning Conservation and

Management of a World Heritage Site. Sontillanosa, RD1, Ramos, AR2

Executive Summary

This paper discusses the importance and application of an information monitoring

system in managing the rice terraces of the Philippines. The world famous rice terraces are

threatened due to different socio-economic and physical factors. The Local Government Unit

of Banaue launched a project to save the rice terraces by restoring damage and abandoned

terrace plot. The proposed information system can be a great tool to assist in the monitoring,

planning and management of these terraces. The proponent designed a prototype that could be

improved later based on the other needs of the LGU.

1 Information System Analyst III, Geospatial Database Management Division, Geospatial Information System Management Branch, NAMRIA 2 Information System Analyst III, Geospatial Database Management Division, Geospatial Information System Management Branch, NAMRIA


I. Introduction:

This research study intends to focus on designing a Geospatial Information Monitoring

System that will assist the Local Government Unit of Banaue in monitoring, inventory and

management of the Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao. The Municipality of

Banaue houses two clusters of rice terraces (Batad and Bangaan Rice Terraces) which were

enlisted in the United Nations, Education, Scientific and Cultural Office (UNESCO) Cultural

World Heritage Sites in 1995. The other heritage sites are found in the municipalities of

Hunduan (Hapao Rice Terraces), Mayoyao (Mayoyao Rice Terraces) and Kiangan

(Nagacadan-Julongan Rice Terraces)

The existence of the world famous rice terraces continues to be threatened due to

changes in land use, increasing population, social and industrial pressures, lack of water, and

out-migration. It prompted different sectors like the national government, local government

units (LGUs), and international organizations such as the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), academe and private sector to seek solutions

in restoring its natural beauty and heritage values. Efforts to preserve and restore the damage

terraces are being done continuously. Last year, the Local Government Unit of Banaue led by

reelected Mayor Jerry Dalipog created the Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office (BRTRO)

to lead the restoration project in the municipality. A partnership with Unilevel Harvester, Inc.

has been sealed in bid to help the LGU restore the damaged or abandoned terraces. [1]

To preserve the terraces, it entails two distinct actions: an indirect and a direct

approach. Conserving the forest is the indirect approach, this will ensure the continuous flow

of the water which is the life support of the terraces; on the other hand, the direct approach

would be to regularly monitor and maintain the condition of the rice terraces. [2]

Based on the interview with the Banaue LGU, 332 hectares of the 1,607 hectares of

the rice terraces needs to be restored immediately. BRTRO are expected to restore at least 12

hectares of damaged/abandoned terraces monthly. Lack of updated maps makes the BRTRO

job quite difficult. Accessibility of the abandoned terraces and weather conditions are added

problems in the restoration project. To manage the accessibility of the information needed to

preserve and restore a rice terrace, a Geospatial Information Monitoring System is a powerful

tool for this kind of activity.


The Objectives of the study are the following:

To design a Geospatial Information Monitoring System to support the environmental

planning unit of the LGU in the inventory, management and conservation of the Rice

Terraces.

To capacitate the LGU of Banaue in using Geospatial Data in monitoring and managing

their resources.

To explore the capability of IFSAR data to generate a GIS based baseline information

that different stakeholders can use.

Significance of the Study:

There are many studies already conducted in Banaue but the significance of this study

will be on the development of the design of Geospatial Information Monitoring System to be

used by the LGU of Banaue.

II. Methodology:

Research Design

The Research Design is participatory in nature. The design of the Geospatial

Information Monitoring System was based on the needs of the BRTRO assigned to monitor the

restoration program of the LGU. Participatory approach is conducted through meetings,

interview and actual field validation on the site. A GIS training was also conducted to capacitate

the LGU staff in the use of the technology.

Locale of the Study

Figure 1: Map of Ifugao


Banaue, Ifugao is about 320 km north of Metro Manila and can be reached after 8-hour

bus ride from Manila. It is one of the eleven towns of Ifugao province, which is the home of

the famous Rice Terraces inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List on 1995. It lies in the

foot of Mt. Amuyao, the highest peak in the area and bounded on the north by the municipality

of Barlig, Mountain Province, on the east by the municipality of Mayoyao, on the west by the

municipality of Hungduan and on the south by the municipality of Hingyon.

The total land area of Banaue is 21,807 hectares based from the approved Cadastre

Survey (CAD 1034-D) on October 1990. The Municipality of Banaue has 18 barangays. The

barangays of Poblacion, Tam-an and Bucos are considered urban areas. The remaining 15

barangays (Anaba, Amganad, Balawis, Bangaan, Batad, Gohang, Poitan, Pugo, Uhaj,

Viewpoint,Ducligan, Kinakin, San Fernando, Cambulo, Banao) are considered rural areas.

LGU Involvement.

The Municipality of Banaue is the LGU partner on this research study. They were

capacitated in using Open Source GIS specifically Quantum GIS. To assure the sustainability

of the project, the LGU partners will assist in the design, collection of data, interpretation of

maps and maintenance of the monitoring system.

Respondents of the Study:

The respondents of the research study are staff from Banaue LGU’s Banaue Rice

Terraces Restoration Office (BRTRO), Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Planning and

Development Office (MPDO), Assessor’s Office and Office of the Mayor.

Data Gathering, Procedure and Sampling design

Research and Collection of Data

To identify the gaps in the management of the heritage site, research and collection of

data will be conducted through stakeholders meeting and workshop. Different thematic maps

will also be collected to serve as baseline information for the design of Geospatial Information

Monitoring System.

Field Validation

This activity will be done to validate the actual status of the resources. (terraces, water

source, forest) This will help the design team in validating what it is on the ground based on

the thematic maps that will be collected.


System Analysis and Design

This activity will include Client Requirement Analysis. Creation of Entity-

Relationship (E-R) and Universal Modified Language diagrams (UML).

LGU GIS Training, User’s training of Monitoring System

GIS as well as User’s training of Monitoring System will be conducted to capacitate

the LGU staff.

III. Literature Review

The term Geospatial gained popularity in the late 1980’s. It is used to define the

collective data and associated technology that has geographic coordinates. [3] It is often used

interchangeably with Geographic Information System (GIS). These technologies are becoming

popular for heritage managers and planners. Even UNESCO supports the use of these

technologies in the preparation of a detailed site management plan required for the nomination

of an archaeological site in the list of World Heritage Site. [4] GIS has a big role in cultural

heritage management because it could provide a mapping environment where huge amount of

information can be analyzed and correlated based on their data type and geographic

coordinates. [5]

One of the requirements of the World Heritage Convention before a potential site can

be included in the list of World Heritage Sites is a digital repository that will serve as a common

platform to receive unlimited amount of information, which will also allow the analysis for

prioritizing of development interventions and presentation of consistent and reliable

information. [6] A heritage information system is a digital repository that could provide

potential stakeholders with a tool to make a better decision in managing and protecting the site.

[7] An example is the “State of Conservation Information System” developed by the World

Heritage Centre. This project was completed in 2013 with an objective of developing a

comprehensive and integrated computerized information system (database) on the state of

conservation of the World Heritage properties that was examined by the World Heritage

Committee since 1979.

In the historic center of Cuenca in Equador a Heritage Information System (HIS) was

also developed. The HIS was successful in showing its capabilities to analyze simultaneously

different types of data for the conservation and preservation of the historical site. [8] On the

other hand, a web-based Information Management System, the Silk Roads Cultural Heritage


Information System was developed to support the preparation of the Central Asia Silk Roads

serial and transnational nominations on the UNESCO World Heritage List. [6] Information

systems can also include architectural 3D models based on physical remains with historical and

recent source materials. This kind of IS was developed for the Lorsch Abbey, a World Heritage

Site in Hesse, Germany to understand the role and the position of the abbey during the medieval

and early modern times. [9]

In the Philippines, an information system was also developed by the Ecoinfolab of

University of the Philippines Los Banos to promote and discussed indigenous knowledge on

natural resource management and served as a framework to organize the documentation of the

indigenous plants in the Cordillera Administrative Region. [10] However, the website

www.infosys.ecoinfolab.com is no longer accessible. On the other hand, there is another online

portal that shows an inventory of cultural properties and historic events in the Philippine, “The

Philippine Heritage Map” which is powered by archesproject.org. The Arches project is an

open source inventory and management system for the heritage field developed jointly by the

Getty Conservation Institute and World Monuments Fund. [11] Data entry into the Philippine

Heritage Map is still in progress and Banaue is not included. In addition, the portal is only for

viewing purposes showing maps of different heritage towns in the Philippines.

IV. Findings/ Results

Research and Collection of Data

The NAMRIA team went to Ifugao last October 9-12 to conduct a field validation and

coordination with the local executives of the Provincial LGU of Ifugao and Municipal LGU of

Banaue. First, a coordination meeting with the Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office (ICHO) was

conducted to formally liaise the team’s activities for the entire duration of the trip. It was

followed by a courtesy call with Ms. Rosario Dumelod, Provincial Director of the DILG-Ifugao

Field Office. A brief presentation of the project was provided by NAMRIA team emphasizing

the increasing need for geospatial information and services in environmental monitoring

systems. With the limitations on time and funding, NAMRIA has initially selected the

Municipality of Banaue as the pilot site. Banaue also has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites

in its locality, the Batad and Bangaan Rice Terraces.

A courtesy call with the Honorable Vice Governor Jose Jordan Gullitiw was also

conducted, alongside the Provincial Legislators’ Forum in the province. Presentations made by

the team garnered positive responses from the Vice Governor as the increasing damages in the

rice terraces not only pose socioeconomic but also environmental concerns in their constituents.

http://www.infosys.ecoinfolab.com/


After a series of meetings with the Provincial Government, the team proceeded with the

Municipality of Banaue on October 11, 2016 to discuss the project details. The team was given

an opportunity to present the project before the Sangguniang Bayan (SB), headed by the

Honorable Vice Mayor Joel Bungallon. The team assured the LGU that the project results will

be cascaded to the community for the same’s consumption. They also encouraged the

Municipal Government to forge partnership with NAMRIA for the Philippine Geoportal

Project. During the presentation, Honorable Council Chester Bahatan asked for the

responsibility of the LGU to the project. The team replied that the project will require the

assistance of the local government in data collection and field validation activities.

Lastly, meeting with Honorable Mayor Jerry Dalipog resulted to a positive response

from the LGU. Mayor Dalipog was grateful that their Municipality was chosen to be the

benefactor of this research project. He said this is very timely because he was proposing for a

rehabilitation project of damage terraces. But they need updated maps and training in GIS. He

also added that this project is a big help to their municipality. The LGU staff needs capacity

building with regards to mapping. The team assured him that capacity building is part of the

objectives of the research project. Proposed timeline of activities was later discussed during

the meeting.

Interferrometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) of Banaue courtesy of

NAMRIA, Conklin’s Land Use Map courtesy of Dr. Stephen Acabado of UCLA are the Initial

Geospatial Data collected for this research study.

GIS Training Using QGIS

A five-day Basic GIS training using Quantum GIS was conducted on Nov. 21- 25, 2016

at the old Sanguniang Bayan Office in Banue, Ifugao. Quantum GIS is an open source GIS

software. It was attended by representatives from Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office

(BRTRO), Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO), Municipal Engineering

Office, Municipal Assessor’s Office and Mayor’s Office. One representative from DENR NGP

local coordinating office also attended the training.

The modules used for the training was customized by using datasets from the 1:500

Land Use map of the American Anthropologist Dr. Harold Conklin. Although the map was

quite old it was generated using aerial photographs that shows the rice terraces and other land

use during that time in Banaue. Engr. Gayuma, the Municipal Engineer believes that Conklin’s

maps will serve as benchmark to understand how much of the previous terraces were damage

or lose due to abandonment and change in land use. Aside from basic map appreciation,


detailed lectures on map digitization, georeferencing, geodatabase and

geoprocessing tools were presented – to help build the capacities of all participants

in managing data using GIS. The participants including Mayor Jerry Dalipog were

thankful for the timely initiative from NAMRIA and for choosing Banaue as

beneficiary of the research grant.

On the other hand, the Advance GIS training using QGIS was conducted on

March 20-24, 2017. The same set of participants during the Basic GIS Training

attended the advance training. The five days training includes introduction to

database analysis, advance editing, plotting of technical descriptions, and the use

of different plug-ins in spatial and surface analysis. The participants also learned

how to generate a 3d map of Banaue and basics of Global Positioning System

Project Presentation

After the Advance GIS training the participants presented to NAMRIA their plans on

how they are going to use GIS on their respective projects in the LGU. They were divided into

four groups according to the unit/ office where they belong. After the presentation they said

they still need time to practice how to use the technology. Mayor Dalipog asked his staff to

take this chance to learn GIS because he believes that this technology would help them manage

their resources especially in policy and decision making.

The following are the topics presented by the LGU staff:

1. The Engineering group would like to use GIS in the design and construction of the

irrigation canal using the contours converted from IFSAR. They also need to map the

terraces that will benefit from the irrigation canal.

2. The Assessor group presented the idea of mapping the houses or buildings

within Poblacion to assess the status of each building for tax purposes. They

will try to create a database for this project.

3. The BRTRO on the other hand needs to have a map of the terraces for their

restoration project. They need to have an inventory of these terraces to

monitor the status.

4. The Mayor’s office group is planning to map the utilities around Banaue

like lamp post, garbage collection, etc.


GIMS Development

A survey for Client Requirement Analysis (CRA) was conducted last January 22-

February 4, 2017. A CRA is important to information system design to understand what the

client need. Since the newly established unit of BRTRO is the one directly responsible in the

restoration and management of the rice terraces, the geospatial information monitoring system

was designed based on how they are going to monitor the activities of the restoration project.

Due to time and resource constraint the GIMS developed was for BRTRO used only.

However, this could be improved and replicated for the other units of the LGU.

According to Engr. John Wiggan Comitting of BRTRO, the project aims not only to

restore and fix damaged and abandon terraces but to encourage the farmers to plant Tinawon

on their respective terraces. However, not all damaged and abandoned terraces will be restored

by them. Only those terraces whose owners agreed to have the LGU fix their terraces will be

included in the restoration project.

The process start with identifying where is the damaged and abandoned terraces using

Google Earth, then the BRTRO staff would identify the owners of these terraces. They will ask

the owners/ farmer if they want the LGU to include their terrace plot in to the restoration

program. If the owner agreed they will enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with

the LGU who will take over the terraces plot for three years. The capital for the restoration and

planting will come solely from the LGU. One hundred percent of the income from the produce

of the terrace plot will go the local government. However, after three years if the owner decide

that he/she wants the LGU to continue working on their terrace plot, the owner will receive

30% of the income, only 70% will go back to the government. During the restoration activity

the owner can also choose to work on his plot. He/she needs to sign a different MOA indicating

that he will work on his plot. The farmer/ owner will receive a compensation from the LGU.

Still, the owner will only get a share from the income after three years if he opted to have the

LGU continue working on his/her plot.


Figure 2: Process flow for the restoration project

During the discussion with the BRTRO staff, the process is quite tedious and time

consuming. One of the problem they have encountered is the identification and selection of the

project site. They relied heavily with Google earth which may not be updated or the resolution

of the images are not applicable to them. Another problem that Engr. Antonio Gayumma

mentioned is the basis for the number of hectares of damage terraces. They don’t have a

physical data where this information came from. Mr. James Damoyan, secretary of the Mayor

said that they were told by staff of Department of Agriculture that about 600 hectares of terraces

were already damage but neither baseline map was given to them nor a copy of study that

would attest to this assumption.

The Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office was established only last July 2016. They

have around five laptops and 1 desktop. Microsoft excel is used to monitor the activities and

maintain the records of the farmers. All records are also in hard copies. Each “Payoh” is drawn

in a white paper.

The proposed Geospatial Information Monitoring System will assist particularly the

staff of BRTRO in monitoring and inventory of the terraces. A database of the terrace profile

which includes the name of the owner, the status of the terrace plot, location, date when the

project started and when it will end, the type of crop planted on the terrace plot. A library of

the terrace owner, terrace status, crop type will be created for easy updating. Ideally the


database should be connected to a Geographic Information System (GIS) to make the storage,

access, inventory, and retrieval of the information easier and faster.

A conceptual design was first created.

The entities identified are as follows:

1. Terrace or Payoh – this entity refers to a specific terrace. It is represented by a polygon

in the spatial database.

2. Owner – this entity owns the terraces

3. Terrace Status- this refers to status of the terrace. It could be damaged, abandoned,

restored.

4. Crop- this entity refers to the crop planted in the terraces.

5. Activity- the activity conducted to monitor the rehabilitation of the terraces

6. BRTRO- Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office, the unit responsible in the

monitoring of the restoration program.

A Terrace or a payoh is a single terrace plot owned by a person that is belong to a

cluster of terrace plots. Terrace clusters are separated by streams. A terrace cluster could be

enlisted as a UNESCO Word Heritage Site or a potential site for WHS.

A Terrace Status could be restored, damaged or abandoned. Damaged terraces may be

due to damage walls & landslides. Abandoned are those terraces left dried and unplanted for

almost 5 years. Restored are the terraces that were restored subject to the restoration program

of the LGU.

On the other hand, the terrace owner can own one or more than one terrace plot. It

could be located in one location or in different locations. The owner can opt to work on the

rehabilitation of his terrace plot.

The Crop is composed of varieties of Tinawon Rice. It is a type of heirloom rice

originally planted in Ifugao.

The Activity is conducted by the BRTRO staff in the terrace. For each project, the

attributes of the terrace will be collected and updated in the database. It is composed of

cleaning, tilling, dike preparation, excavation, seedbed preparation and seed sowing.


Figure 3:Entity-Relationship Diagram showing the relationship and cardinality for the terrace

monitoring

Figure 4: The location of the terraces as shown in the google earth.


This research study developed a web based monitoring system for BRTRO’s inventory

and monitoring activities on the terraces. The system was developed using HTML, PHP,

Bootstrap and Laravel framework for the front-end and back-end programming and MySQL

database server.

Figure 5: A sketch of the terraces under the restoration program. On this example, one owner owns several terrace plots.

Figure 6: A sample page of the monitoring system for the terrace activity.

Figure 7: This sample page shows seedbed preparation and seed sowing activity


Mapping the Terraces

One of the methods to generate the terrace map is by digitizing the terraces from the

available satellite images using QGIS. The locations of the terraces are stored in local

coordinate system and later projected to WGS 84 to be consistent with the other data. Another

method is by the use of SW Maps3.

The staff of the LGU went out during the advance GIS training to try the SW Map

application to map the terraces. The chosen terraces were based on the current project of

BRTRO. One of the objectives is to check the accuracy of the SW Map and Global Positioning

System (GPS) in measuring the area of each terrace and plot the location into the QGIS. The

group went to Brgy. Poitan. The group were divided into two. One group is using GPS while

the other one is using Smart Phones with SW Maps. Comparing the results of the GPS and SW

Maps to the actual measurements on the ground, there are terraces where they got almost the

same area while there are some where the difference is quite big. These may be due to multipath

errors acquired by GPS and SW Maps.

Some of the LGU staff fined the SW Maps easier and more convenient to use

compared to GPS. In SW Maps, they can directly create a polygon unlike in the GPS where

only points and lines are saved. SW Maps is a mobile GIS app which makes work faster because

the polygon generated are converted to shape file which can lessen the time for digitizing. To

assure the quality of the data generated from SW Maps, it is suggested that several test should

be done to compare the results to the actual measurements on the ground using traditional

measuring tools before they used it for mapping and data collection.

Recommendations/ Conclusion

The Geospatial Information Monitoring System can be a very helpful tool in

monitoring and inventory of terrace status. However, LGU Banaue should invest on the

technology. The staff should attend more training in information technology and GIS. The LGU

can tap students from Ifugao State University to assist them in encoding and in database design.

Further improvement for the monitoring system developed on this study should be done. Open

Source software and datasets are highly recommended to be used by the LGU. They can also

tap the Philippine Geoportal for copies of geospatial data from different government agencies.

3 SW Maps is a free GIS app for collecting, presenting and sharing geographic information, for phones and tablets developed by SOFTWEL (P) Ltd. from Nepal.


References

[1] H. F. Palangchao, "Banaue eyes P100 M profit in fixed terraces," Baguio

Midland Courier, 5 June 2016.

[2] R. M. Gonzalez, Platforms and Terraces. ITC Dissertation No. 72,

International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), 2000.

[3] C. Demsey, "GIS LOUNGE," 14 January 2014. [Online]. Available:

https://www.gislounge.com/difference-gis-geospatial/.

[4] S. H. Parcak, "Conservation, Heritage Management, and Ethics," in Satellite

Remote Sensing for Archeology, New York, Routledge, 2009.

[5] Ruoss,E.; Alfare, L.; Vallone,R.; Richard, L., "GIS as Tool for Cultural

Heritage Management," in Sustainable Tourism as Driving Force for

Cultural Heritage Sites Development, CNR IGAG, 2013, pp. 42-46.

[6] Vileikis, O.; Santana Quintero, M.; Van Balen, K.; Dumont, B.; Tigny, V.,

"Information Management Systems for Cultural Heritage And Conservation

of World Heritage Sites, The Silk Roads Case Study.," [Online].

Available:http://cipa.icomos.org/fileadmin/template/doc/PRAGUE/150.pdf.

[7] Santana-Quintero, Mario ; Addison Alonzo, "Digital tools for heritage

information management and protection: the need of training," Paris, France.

[8] Veronica Heras, et.al., "An Information System for Heritage documantation

management of Cuenca City, Equador," MASKANA, vol. 3, no. 1, 2012.

[9] Wittur, J.; Kromker. S., "Lorsch Abbey and teh London Charter- An

Information Sysytem for a world Heritage Site," in 15th International

Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, 2009.

[10] Magcale-Macandog, "Developing Information System," in Shifting

Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and

Forest, 2015, p. 713.

[11] "Arches," [Online]. Available: http://archesproject.org/what-is-arches/.


Annexes

Photos

Courtesy call with Banaue Mayor Jerry Dalipog Presentation with Banaue Sanguniang Bayan

Meeting with Ifugao Vice Gov Jose Jordan Gullitiw Presentation with DILG Prov. Dir. Rosario B. Dumelod


Key informant interview



Basic and Advance QGIS Training proper


Mapping the terraces using GPS and SW Maps


Group Meeting and levelling of expectations


Exit meeting and group presentation together with Mayor Dalipog


DATA DICTIONARY

Users

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD

LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION

Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter

user _id Varchar 5 00001-99999 Foreign key ID number for

the system user

username Varchar 15 Not null System user’s

password

user_fname Varchar 30 Not null System user’s

first name

user_mname Varchar 30

Nullable System user’s middle name

user_lname Varchar 30

Not null System user’s

last name

user_email Varchar 100

Not null System user’s

email

user_joindate Date

Not null Date the system

user was registered

user_status Tinyint 1

1/0 Not null System user’s

status

remember_token Varchar 100

Not null Remember token

for signing in. Laravel’s default.

created_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record

was created; Laravel’s default

updated_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record

was updated; Laravel’s default

Logins




user _id Varchar 5 00001-99999 Foreign key ID number for

the system user

password Varchar 191 Not null System user’s

password


Owners




owner_id Varchar 10

Year-month-owner count

(Ex., 2017040001)

Primary key ID number for

the terrace owner

owner_fname Varchar 191 Not null Owner’s first

name

owner_mname Varchar 30 Nullable Owner’s middle

name

owner_lname Varchar 30 Not null Owner’s last

name

owner_address Varchar 100 Not null Owner’s address

owner_bday Date Not null Owner’s birthdate

owner_joindate Date Not null Date of owner

registration





Owner_Terraces




owner_id Varchar 10

Year-month-owner count

(Ex., 2017040001)

Foreign key ID number for

the terrace owner

terrace_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Foreign key

Owner’s first name


Terraces





99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number of terrace

terrace_area Varchar 191 Not null Terrace’s area in square meters

terrace_location Varchar 191 Not null Terrace’s location

Activities Table




activity_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number for the activity type

activity_desc Varchar 191 Not null Description of

the activity

Terrace_Activity_Mains





99,999,999,999 Foreign key


terrace_activity_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number of terrace’s activity

batch

terrace_activity_main_status

Tinyint 1 1/0 Not null Status of the

terrace’s activity cycle as a whole

terrace_activity_current Tinyint 1 1/0 Not null

Status of the terrace’s activity cycle as a whole. Used to check if

the terrace


activity cycle is the current

activity ongoing for the specified

terrace.

terrace_activity_date_created

Date Not null

Date the terrace’s activity

cycle was created





Terrace_Activities





99,999,999,999 Foreign key


activity_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Foreign key

ID number for the activity type


99,999,999,999 Foreign key


batch

terrace_activity_date_started

Date Nullable Date the

terrace’s activity started

terrace_activity_date_finished

Date Nullable Date the

terrace’s activity finished

terrace_activity_status Tinyint 1 Not null Status of the

terrace’s activity started

Crops Table




crop_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number for the crop type


crop_desc Varchar 191 Not null

Description of the crop type

(ex., Rice / Other Crops)

Crop_Varieties Table




crop_variety_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number for the crop variety

crop_variety_desc Varchar 191 Not null

Description of the crop variety

(ex., Kamote, Potatoes,

Onions, etc.)

Rice_Varieties Table




rice_variety_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number for the rice variety

rice_variety_desc Varchar 191 Not null

Description of the rice variety (ex., Black rice,

White rice, Brown Rice, etc.)

Terrace_Crops





99,999,999,999 Foreign key




99,999,999,999 Foreign key


batch

terrace_crop_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number for the terrace’s

crop/ Counter

crop_id Varchar 191 Foreign key

ID number for the crop type

(ex., ID number of Rice / Other

Crops)

terrace_crop_variety_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Foreign key

ID number for the rice / crop variety planted

Terrace_Plot_Statuses




terrace_plot_status_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Primary key

ID number of plot status

terrace_plot_status_desc Varchar 191 Not null

Description of plot status (ex.,

Damaged, Abandoned,

Restored)

Terrace_Statuses





99,999,999,999 Foreign key


terrace_plot_status_id Integer 11 1-

99,999,999,999 Foreign key

ID number of plot status

terrace_plot_status_update

Date Not null Date the plot

status was updated


terrace_status_state Tinyint 1/0 Not null

State record for the terrace’s

status. Will be updated when

the status (Restored,

Damaged, and Abandoned) of the terrace was

changed.





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Geospatial Information Monitoring Systems to … Exchange...Banaue, Ifugao is about 320 km north of Metro Manila and can be reached after 8-hour bus ride from Manila. It is one of