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Georgia Studies Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Lesson 4: Westward Expansion Expansion

Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

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Page 1: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Georgia StudiesGeorgia Studies

Unit 3- Revolution in Unit 3- Revolution in GeorgiaGeorgia

Lesson 4: Westward Lesson 4: Westward ExpansionExpansion

Page 2: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Lesson 4: Westward Lesson 4: Westward ExpansionExpansion

►Essential Question:Essential Question:

-How do political policies -How do political policies and new technologies and new technologies influence growth and influence growth and development?development?

Page 3: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Education and ReligionEducation and Religion

► The University of Georgia chartered in 1785 The University of Georgia chartered in 1785 as nation’s first land-grant university; as nation’s first land-grant university; opened for classes in 1801opened for classes in 1801

►Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan College) opened in 1836College) opened in 1836

► Religious groups, such as the Baptist and Religious groups, such as the Baptist and Methodist churches, also began to spread Methodist churches, also began to spread across Georgia. As more towns were across Georgia. As more towns were established churches became the centers established churches became the centers for social and commuity life. for social and commuity life.

Page 4: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Cotton and the Cotton GinCotton and the Cotton Gin

► Cash Crop-Crops which are grown to be soldCash Crop-Crops which are grown to be sold► Eli Whitney in 1793 invented a machine for Eli Whitney in 1793 invented a machine for

separating cotton seeds from its fiberseparating cotton seeds from its fiber► Increased the amount cotton growers could process Increased the amount cotton growers could process

each dayeach day► The cotton gin used wire teeth on a turning cylinder The cotton gin used wire teeth on a turning cylinder

to separate the seed from fiberto separate the seed from fiber► Other inventions, such as Cyrus McCormick’s Other inventions, such as Cyrus McCormick’s

Mechanical Reaper also helped farmers to become Mechanical Reaper also helped farmers to become more productive.more productive.

► Since farmers were now able to do more work each Since farmers were now able to do more work each day, many farmers wanted to move westward so that day, many farmers wanted to move westward so that they could have even larger farms.they could have even larger farms.

Page 5: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

The Western TerritoryThe Western Territory

► In 1802, Georgia ceded its land claims west of the In 1802, Georgia ceded its land claims west of the Chattahoochee River to the federal government for Chattahoochee River to the federal government for $1.25 million$1.25 million

► President Thomas Jefferson doubled the nation’s President Thomas Jefferson doubled the nation’s size in 1803 with the Louisiana territory purchase; size in 1803 with the Louisiana territory purchase; the U.S. paid France $15 million for land that the U.S. paid France $15 million for land that stretched to the Rocky Mountainsstretched to the Rocky Mountains

► Many people began to move west across the Many people began to move west across the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, many of these hoping Oregon and Santa Fe trails, many of these hoping to find gold. Between 1848 and 1850, the to find gold. Between 1848 and 1850, the population of California increased tenfold due to the population of California increased tenfold due to the major gold rush.major gold rush.

► Georgia’s farmers now had access to a large Georgia’s farmers now had access to a large amount of land.amount of land.

Page 6: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Frontier GeorgiaFrontier Georgia

► Undeveloped land in central and western Undeveloped land in central and western GeorgiaGeorgia

► Few settlers; much land given away in land Few settlers; much land given away in land lotteries or through the Headright Systemlotteries or through the Headright System

► Far-flung trading posts were only storiesFar-flung trading posts were only stories► Often danger lurked from hostile attacksOften danger lurked from hostile attacks► Social activities often centered around Social activities often centered around

necessary worknecessary work► The country store became the center of The country store became the center of

activity; few luxuries were availableactivity; few luxuries were available

Page 7: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Headright SystemHeadright System

► Indian land in Georgia east of the Oconee Indian land in Georgia east of the Oconee River was given to settlersRiver was given to settlers

► Every white male counted as a head of Every white male counted as a head of household and had the “right” to receive up household and had the “right” to receive up to 1,000 acresto 1,000 acres

► This was generally replaced in 1803 by a This was generally replaced in 1803 by a land lottery for government-owned land land lottery for government-owned land west of the Oconeewest of the Oconee

► All white heads-of-household could buy a All white heads-of-household could buy a lottery chance and win land; millions of lottery chance and win land; millions of acres in several states were given awayacres in several states were given away

Page 8: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Yazoo Land FraudYazoo Land Fraud

► Around 1795, four companies bribed the Around 1795, four companies bribed the governor and legislatorsgovernor and legislators

► Bought millions of acres in western Georgia Bought millions of acres in western Georgia for 1 ½ for 1 ½ ¢ ¢ an acrean acre

► The public found out and protested; the The public found out and protested; the legislators involved were voted out of officelegislators involved were voted out of office

► The General Assembly repealed the law The General Assembly repealed the law approving the sale; the federal government approving the sale; the federal government paid more than $4 million to help Georgia paid more than $4 million to help Georgia settle Yazoo land claimssettle Yazoo land claims

Page 9: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Early Roads in GeorgiaEarly Roads in Georgia

► Railroads, most built after 1830, replaced Railroads, most built after 1830, replaced horses, stagecoaches, and boats. Railroads horses, stagecoaches, and boats. Railroads helped Georgia’s citizens travel and trade helped Georgia’s citizens travel and trade much more efficiently.much more efficiently.

►Most Georgia roads ran east to west; they Most Georgia roads ran east to west; they were former Indian footpathswere former Indian footpaths

► Plank roads over wetlands that featured Plank roads over wetlands that featured “pikes” or gates were called turnpikes“pikes” or gates were called turnpikes

► Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike; the Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike; the Old Federal Road connected Athens north to Old Federal Road connected Athens north to TennesseeTennessee

Page 10: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Georgia’s Capital CityGeorgia’s Capital City► After the American Revolution Georgia’s capital city moved After the American Revolution Georgia’s capital city moved

from the original capital (Savannah) to Augusta.from the original capital (Savannah) to Augusta.► As Georgia’s population began to move farther west Georgia As Georgia’s population began to move farther west Georgia

decided to move its capital city; Louisville served as GA’s third decided to move its capital city; Louisville served as GA’s third capital city from 1795-1807.capital city from 1795-1807.

► The city of Milledgeville served as Georgia’s fourth capital cit The city of Milledgeville served as Georgia’s fourth capital cit from 1807 until after the Civil War (1868)from 1807 until after the Civil War (1868)

► The city of Terminus was created in 1837 and meant to serve The city of Terminus was created in 1837 and meant to serve as the end of a proposed railroad that originated in as the end of a proposed railroad that originated in Chattanooga, Tennessee.Chattanooga, Tennessee.

► Terminus was renamed Marthasville in 1843, after the Terminus was renamed Marthasville in 1843, after the daughter of former Governor Wilson Lumpkindaughter of former Governor Wilson Lumpkin

► The name was changed to Atlanta in 1845. Atlanta became The name was changed to Atlanta in 1845. Atlanta became Georgia’s fifth capital city in 1868.Georgia’s fifth capital city in 1868.

Page 11: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Georgia StudiesGeorgia Studies

Unit 3: Revolution in Unit 3: Revolution in GeorgiaGeorgia

Lesson 5: Indian RemovalLesson 5: Indian Removal

Page 12: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Lesson 5: Indian RemovalLesson 5: Indian Removal

►Essential Question:Essential Question:

--How do economic and political How do economic and political factors affect disenfranchised factors affect disenfranchised groups? (e.g. Creeks and groups? (e.g. Creeks and Cherokees)Cherokees)

Page 13: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Creek IndiansCreek Indians

► Series of clashes between Creek and settlers Series of clashes between Creek and settlers who pushed into their land known as Oconee who pushed into their land known as Oconee WarWar

► Treaty of New York: Creek Chief Alexander Treaty of New York: Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray signed the treaty giving up all land McGillivray signed the treaty giving up all land east of the Oconee River, but could keep land east of the Oconee River, but could keep land on the west side; this angered Georgia settlers, on the west side; this angered Georgia settlers, who felt betrayed by their governmentwho felt betrayed by their government

► Land treaties were often brokenLand treaties were often broken► Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their

land claims; White Stick Creeks wanted peaceland claims; White Stick Creeks wanted peace

Page 14: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

The Creek WarThe Creek War

► Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims, killing more Red Sticks attacked Fort Mims, killing more than 400 peoplethan 400 people

► The Battle of Horseshoe Band, in Alabama, The Battle of Horseshoe Band, in Alabama, ended the Creek War in 1814; Andrew ended the Creek War in 1814; Andrew Jackson led the U.S. TroopsJackson led the U.S. Troops

► The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all their land to the U. S. Governmenttheir land to the U. S. Government

► The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last Creek lands in Georgia to the U. S. : Chief Creek lands in Georgia to the U. S. : Chief William McIntosh was later murdered by William McIntosh was later murdered by rival Creeks for signing the treatyrival Creeks for signing the treaty

Page 15: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Removal of the CreeksRemoval of the Creeks

► Treaty of Washington (1832) resulted in 5 Treaty of Washington (1832) resulted in 5 million acres of Creek land ceded to the million acres of Creek land ceded to the United StatesUnited States

► U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to remain and live on 2 million of those acres; remain and live on 2 million of those acres; the U.S. promised to protect those who stayedthe U.S. promised to protect those who stayed

► Those who didn’t wish to stay would have to Those who didn’t wish to stay would have to move to the western territoriesmove to the western territories

► The treaty was broker; by 1840, nearly all The treaty was broker; by 1840, nearly all Creeks were forced to move westCreeks were forced to move west

Page 16: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Cherokee CultureCherokee Culture

►Most advanced of Georgia’s tribes; learned Most advanced of Georgia’s tribes; learned quickly from white settlersquickly from white settlers

► Some, like Chief James Vann, lived in large Some, like Chief James Vann, lived in large houseshouses

► Chief Vann encouraged ChristianityChief Vann encouraged Christianity► Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of

symbols that stand for whole syllables; it gave symbols that stand for whole syllables; it gave Cherokees a written form of their languageCherokees a written form of their language

►Government modeled on that of United States; Government modeled on that of United States; capital at New Echota by 1825capital at New Echota by 1825

Page 17: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

Cherokee RemovalCherokee Removal

► Indian Removal Act of 1830-Signed by President Indian Removal Act of 1830-Signed by President Andrew Jackson; made the practice of forcibly Andrew Jackson; made the practice of forcibly removing Native Americans legal.removing Native Americans legal.

► Dahlonega Gold Rush-Gold was discovered on Dahlonega Gold Rush-Gold was discovered on Cherokee land in north Georgia near the city of Cherokee land in north Georgia near the city of Dahlonega; heightened demand for Cherokee landDahlonega; heightened demand for Cherokee land

► The Supreme Court of the United States and Chief The Supreme Court of the United States and Chief Justice John Marshall decided that the Cherokee Justice John Marshall decided that the Cherokee were a sovereign nation and should be allowed to were a sovereign nation and should be allowed to rule themselves. rule themselves.

► Without the support of Chief John Ross, a rebellious Without the support of Chief John Ross, a rebellious Cherokee group signed a treaty giving away all Cherokee group signed a treaty giving away all Cherokee landCherokee land

Page 18: Georgia Studies Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia Lesson 4: Westward Expansion

The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears

►Between 1832 and 1835, Cherokees Between 1832 and 1835, Cherokees were stripped of their landwere stripped of their land

► In the winter of 1838, thousand of In the winter of 1838, thousand of Cherokees were forcibly removed to Cherokees were forcibly removed to Oklahoma; about 4,000 died from Oklahoma; about 4,000 died from disease, exposure, or hungerdisease, exposure, or hunger

►700 to 800 escaped and hid in the 700 to 800 escaped and hid in the North Carolina mountainsNorth Carolina mountains