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Geology and Ground Water in the Platte-Republican Rivers Watershed and the Little Plue River Basin Above Angus, Nebraska
By C. R. JOHNSON
With a section on
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE GROUND WATER
By ROBERT BRENNAN
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY P^PER 1489
Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRED A. SEATON, Secretary
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Thomas B. Nolan, Director
The U.S. Geological Survey Library catalog card for this publication appears after page 142.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1.25 (paper cover)
CONTENTS
PageAbstract- -____-_---___-___-_____-_-_-____________--____-__________ 1Introduction._____________________________________________________ 2
Location and extent of the area_________--__--_-___-_-_____-__-_ 2Purpose and scope of the investigation.___-_--_--__-_-_-_________ 2Previous investigations--_________-___-_-_-__---_-______________ 4Personnel and acknowledgments---------------------- ___________ 5Methods used in this investigation_-_-_-___-_-__-_-_-__-__-______ 5Numbering system for wells and test holes-_______________________ 6
Geography _ _____________________________________________________ 6Topography and drainage. _--____-.---__--___-_-_________.__. . _ _ 6Electric-power and irrigation developments _______________________ 9Climate.._--------_-_-_--______--_--_------_-_--_----__--____ 10
Geologic formations and their water-bearing properties.________________ 13Cretaceous system (Upper Cretaceous series)_____-__-----_-_______ 13Tertiary system (Oligocene and Pliocene series) ___________________ 15Quaternary system (Pleistocene and Recent series)_________________ 17
Ground water in the Ogallala formation and Quaternary deposits-------- 20Thickness of the principal zone of saturation.-_________-_-__--____ 20Configuration and position of the water table.____-___-_-_-__-____ 20Direction of movement.--_--_______.-__-______-___-__-_------_- 21Depth to the water table.________-_______-____-____-_____-----^ 22Recharge.____________________________________________________ 22Discharge.___________________________________________________ 24
Natural discharge-_______-_________.___-_____--____----___ 26Discharge from wells_______________ ________________________ 27
Irrigation wells--__________--___--____-_._-___-_-_----- 27Domestic and livestock wells-_ __________________________ 29Public-supply wells.___________________________________ 29Industrial wells_-______________________________________ 30
Significance of water-table fluctuations_____.____-____-__--__-____ 30Potential development of ground-water resources.________-_-_-_-__ 32Chemical quality of the ground water, by Robert Brennan__________ 33
Physical and chemical relationships in the water.-_____-___--__ 33Usability of the water._______-____________-__-_--__-_--_-__ 42
Domestic purposes___________---_-----___-------__---_- 42Irrigation _____________________________________________ 43
Conclusion._______________________________________________________ 44References cited.__________________________________________________ 45Basic data.-----_-_-_-___--_______________-______-___-___-_------- 47Index____________ ______-______________-_-,_-___________-____--_--- 141
IV CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
[Plates are in pocket]
PLATE 1. Map of the Platte-Republican Rivers watershed and Little Blue River basin above Angus, Nebr., showing major topographic divisions and location of all wells of Jarge discharge and selected wells of small discharge.
2. Geologic sections from the Platte River to the Republican River.3. Map of the Platte-Republican Rivers watershed and the Little Blue
River basin above Angus, showing configuration of water table, approximate ground-water divides, extent of major aquifers, loca tion of wells and test holes for which logs are available, and loca tion of geologic sections.
4. Map of the northern part of the Platte-Republican Rivers watershed and part of the drainage basins of the Little Blue and Big Blue Rivers, showing configuration of water table and depth to water.
Page FIGURE 1. Map of Nebraska showing location of area described in this
report-._____________________________________________ 32. System for numbering wells and test holes.---------------- 73. Graphs showing annual precipitation and cumulative de
parture from normal precipitation at Hayes Center, Nebr., 1931-52.____________________________________________ 11
4. Graphs showing annual precipitation and cumulative de parture from normal precipitation at Minder, Nebr.,
«1931-52_____________________________________________ 125. Graph showing average monthly evaporation, April-October
1945-51, near Rosemont, Nebr_________________________ 136. Map of Gosper, Phelps, Kearney, and Adams Count'es, show
ing net change in ground-water levels, Octob°r 1948- October 1951- _____________ _______ ______-______-- 25
7. Graph showing rate of installation of upland irrigation wells - 288. Hydrographs showing water-level fluctuations in eight wells_ 319. Location of quality-of-water sampling points___-_---------- 38
10. Relations of cations and anions to total ionic concentration-- 3911. Map of the Platte-Republican Rivers watershed and Little
Blue River basin above Angus, showing zones of hardness of ground water in the Quaternary and Tertiary deposits. 41
TABLES
TABLE 1. Chemical analyses of ground water. ______________________2. Chemical analyses of water in Johnson Reservoir nef r Lexing-
ton, Nebr_-_-_____-----_____---____________----_--__3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes_ _____________--_--4. Logs of wells and test holes.___________-________-----_---5. Record of wells and irrigation practices ____________________
Page 34
37485560
GEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER IN THE PLATTE- REPUBLICAN RIVERS WATERSHED AND THE LITTLE BLUE RIVER BASIN ABOVE ANGUS, NEBRASKA
By C. R. JOHNSON
ABSTRACT
This report describes an area of about 7,300 square miles in south-central Nebraska. Approximately one-fourth of the area, largely at its east end, con sists of an undissected southeastward-sloping upland plain and is almost wholly irrigable; the remainder is in various stages of dissection and only pTrts of it are suitable for irrigation. Although some of the deeper lying bedrock forma tions are potential sources of water supply, thqy are not likely to be tapped in the near future because abundant supplies are available at shallower depth from semiconsolidated and unconsolidated deposits.
The Ogallala formation of Tertiary (Pliocene) age consists of gravel, sand, silt, and volcanic ash, some layers of which are partly cemented. It was de posited by eastward-flowing streams, which formed a constructional plain above a surface into which the streams had previously eroded broad valleys. In turn, valleys were cut into the surface of the Ogallala before the overlying deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay of Quaternary (Pleistocene) age were IP id down, also forming a constructional plain. During Recent time, streams have dis sected the older deposits and have deposited thin alluvium in their valleys; also, several parts of the area have become mantled by wind-deposited sand. Because during Tertiary and Quaternary time the area repeatedly was the site of deposition and erosion, the thickness of all the stratigraphic uni^s differs markedly from place to place. In general, however, the Ogallala formation thins eastward and in the central and eastern parts of the area is overlain by the eastward-thickening deposits of Pleistocene age. The maximum thickness of the Ogallala formation is about 500 feet, and the maximum thickness of the Pleistocene deposits is a little more than 300 feet. Each thins to a featheredge and is completely absent in parts of the area.
The water-bearing part of the combined Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits is considered to be a single zone of saturation because the ground water, as it percolates southeastward beneath the area, moves out of the Tertiary and into the Quaternary deposits without apparent hindrance. The water tint enters the area as underflow from the west is augmented within the area by water that infiltrates from the land surface. The principal sources of irfiltrating water are precipitation, seepage from canals and reservoirs, and applied irriga tion water. Except for the water withdrawn through wells or discharged by natural processes where valleys have been cut into the zone of saturation, ground water leaves the area as underflow into the Platte River valley on the north, the Blue River drainage basin on the east, or the Republican River valley on the south.
Part of the water used for irrigation and watering livestock and all the water used in rural and urban homes, in public buildings, and for industrial purposes is obtained from wells. To date (1952) there is no indication that tl ? supply
2 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
of ground water is being depleted faster than it is being replenished; instead, studies indicate that greater quantities can be withdrawn without causing an excessive decline of the water table. An increase of ground-water withdrawals to a sustainable maximum, however, will be possible only if the points of with drawal are scattered fairly uniformly. It is estimated that annual withdrawals per township should not exceed 2,100 acre-feet where infiltrating precipitation is the only source of recharge, or 3,000 acre-feet where other sources of re charge are significant. Although perennial withdrawals of this amount could be sustained indefinitely, they would cause some lowering of the water table and eventually a decrease in the amount of water discharged from the area by natural means.
The ground water is of the calcium bicarbonate type. In much of the area it is hard or very hard, and in places it contains excessive amounts of iron. In all other respects the water is chemically suitable for domestic use. It is suitable for irrigation also.
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION AND EXTENT OF THE AREA
The area described in this report is in the south-central part of Nebraska. It is bounded on the north by the valley of the eastward- flowing South Platte and Platte Rivers and on the south by the valley of the eastward-flowing Republican River. The western part of the area adjoins the drainage basin of Frenchman Creek, which is a tributary of the Republican River, and the eastern part adjoins the drainage basins of the Big Blue River and of tre Little Blue River below Angus. The area includes all or nearly all of Frontier, Gosper, Phelps, and Kearney Counties, and parts of Keith, Perkins, Lincoln, Hayes, Dawson, Hitchcock, Red Willow, Furnas, Harlan, Franklin, Webster, Nuckolls, Clay, Adams, and Hall Counties. (See fig. 1.) The area comprises about 7,300 square miles.
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION
In the area described in this report, part of the water used for irrigation and for the watering of livestock and all the water used for public supply, rural domestic supply, and industrial purposes is obtained from wells. Because the rate of ground-water withdrawal has been increasing greatly in recent years and probably will con tinue to increase in the years to come, an appraisal of the supply of ground water in the area was included in the program of the Depart ment of the Interior for development of the natural resources of the Missouri River basin. The appraisal included determination of the extent, thickness, and water-yielding capacity of the rocks that con tain the water, the source of recharge to these rocks, the direction and rate of movement of the water within them, and the present natural and artificial discharge of water from them. The informa tion collected in the investigation and presented in this report pro vides a basis for guiding ground-water development toward full uti lization of the supply.
INTRODUCTION
4 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
The earliest known investigation dealing specifically with the ground-water resources of the area was that made by Nettleton (1892), who briefly described the underflow of ground water and noted the existence of artesian water.
Darton (1898) described in considerable detail the geology and occurrence of ground water in that part of the area extending east ward from Frontier County and north of a line that passes about 2 miles south of Holdrege. At the time Darton made his investiga tion, no irrigation was practiced in that part of the area. His report contains considerable information on the depth to water, depth of wells, and slope of the water table and serves as a basis for com parison of current with the then-existing ground-water conditions.
The area studied by Lugn and Wenzel (1938) included all but the western part of the area described in this report. Their report de scribes the unconsolidated deposits of the area in much more detail than does Barton's and presents a map showing the contour of the water table. They concluded that pump irrigation on a large scale within the area described by this report would cause a serious lower ing of the water table and eventually would cause a decrease in the flow of the Big Blue and Little Blue Rivers and of the tributaries to the Republican River. Their report, however, was prepared before much detailed subsurface information had been gained by test drill ing and before extensive tracts within the area were developed for irrigation.
In 1939, the late R. C. Cady of the U.S. Geological Survey made a study of the geology and occurrence of ground water in the south ern half of Nuckolls, Webster, and Franklin Counties. He collected much information on wells and compiled a map depicting the con tour of the water table, but his findings never were putHshed. Some of his data have been incorporated into this report.
The geology and ground-water conditions in Keith County were reported on by Wenzel and Waite (1941). Some of the data they collected in the part of Keith County south of the South Platte River are reproduced in this report.
A report prepared by Waite, Reed, and Jones (1946) describes the geology and occurrence of ground water in the Republican River valley. It contains some information that pertains to the southern most part of the area described in this report.
The Conservation and Survey Bivision of the University of Ne braska, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, has drilled many test holes through the unconsolidated deposits and a few feet into the bedrock. From the logs of these test holes and from water- level measurements, E. C. Reed of the Conservation and Survey
INTRODUCTION 5
Division has drawn geologic cross sections and maps showing the depth to water, the contour of the water table, and the thickness of saturated sand and gravel in Adams, Clay, Franklin, Nuckolls, Kearney, and Webster Counties. Several of the illustrations in this report are based in large part on the drawings preparec1 by Mr. Reed. The test-hole logs have been reproduced by multilithing and copies may be obtained from the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska.
PERSONNEL AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Most of the fieldwork for this report was done under the supervi sion of H. A. Waite, former district geologist in charge of ground- water studies in Nebraska. J. G. Cronin and D. W. Brown collected field data in 1948 and 1949 and prepared a map showing the depth to water and contour of the water table in Phelps, Kearney, and Adams Counties. In 1949 and 1950, R. S. Brown collected field data and prepared a map showing the configuration of the water table in southern Lincoln, southwestern Dawson, and northern Gosper Counties. The additional fieldwork necessary for the preparation of this report was done in 1952 by the author under the supervision of C. F. Keech, district engineer, who succeeeded Mr. Waite.
P. C. Benedict, regional engineer, supervised the collection and chemical analysis of water samples and the writing of the chemical- quality section of this report. The water samples were collected by W. H. Durum, Robert Brennan, and the late F. G. Schnittker.
The author wishes to express his appreciation to the well drillers who furnished data on wells installed by them, to the county agri cultural agents and employees of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for supplying information on the locations of newly installed irriga tion wells, to farmers who permitted measurements of water levels to be made in their wells and described in detail their current irriga tion practices, and to municipal officials who gave information on the public water-supply systems.
METHODS USED IN THIS INVESTIGATION
All wells in the area that discharge moderately large to large amounts of water were examined; pertinent data obtained by direct measurement or observation or by interviewing the owner or oper ator of the well were recorded. In those parts of the area where all wells have a small discharge, data were recorded for selected wells only. In all, 696 wells were visited. The information thus collected is included in table 5 and the location of the wells is irhown on plate 1.
The altitude of the point from which the depth to water was measured was established by instrumental leveling or with the aid
6 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
of an altimeter. The altitude of the water level in the wells was then determined, and a map showing the contour of the water table was prepared.
Water samples were collected from 54 wells and were analyzed in the laboratory of the Geological Survey at Lincoln, Febr.
Published and unpublished geologic and hydrologic information that had been collected previously in the area was reviewed and much of it was incorporated in this report. Much information on water- supply problems was also obtained by conferring with well drillers, farmers, superintendents of municipal-supply systems, county agents, and soil conservationists.
NUMBERING SYSTEM FOB, WELLS AND TEST HOLES
Wells and test holes referred to in this report have be°n assigned numbers that designate their location within the land subdivisions surveyed by the Bureau of Land Management. The fi~st segment of the number indicates the township and the second the range. The third segment consists of two parts the number of the section of land and lowercase letters that indicate the location of the well within the section. The first lowercase letter indicates the quarter- section and the second the quarter-quarter section; they rre assigned in a counterclockwise direction beginning with "a" in tl ?- northeast quarter. If more than one well within the indicated subdivision of the section is listed, each is distinguished by a digit wlich follows the lowercase letters. The numbering system is illustrated in figure 2.
GEOGRAPHY
TOPOGBAPHY AND DRAINAGE
Although the area described in this report falls largely within that physiographic subdivision of the State generally referred to as the Nebraska loess plain, it is divisible into several distinct subareas. (See pi. 1.) Each subarea is characterized by its own soil type and surface slope, both of which influence the agricultural practices within the subarea.
About one-fourth of the area consists of extensive remnants of an undissected upland plain, which slopes gently to the east and (south- east. These remnants straddle the barely detectable drainage divide between the Platte and Republican Rivers. The largest remnant extends through the northern part of the area from the eastern boundary into the eastern part of Gosper County. This part of the area is almost imperceptibly rolling and is dotted by marshy depres sions as much as several hundred acres in extent. A few of the depressions contain standing water throughout the year, but most become dry during the summer and remain so until early spring.
GEOGRAPHY
T. 10 N.
9
8
7
6
5
T. 1 N.
A\\\
PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN
BASELINE
Well 7-24-2lob
FIGUKK 2. System for numbering wells and test holes.
No drainage courses have developed. The principal smaller remnants are in southwestern Dawson County, southeastern Lincoln County, southern Keith County, and northern Perkins County. Tl <? undis- sected upland plain in northern Perkins County is part of the Per kins tableland, is somewhat more rolling, and has fewer undrained depressions than the other remnants.
A thick loamy soil is present throughout the undissected upland plain. Because the slopes are so gentle, most of the land is suitable for irrigation.
Tributaries of the Platte and Republican Rivers, eroding head- ward toward the divide between the two drainages, have dissected the originally much more extensive upland plain. Flat-topped di-
8 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
vides between the tributaries characterize the large part of the area shown on plate 1 as "moderately dissected upland plain;" but no remnants of the upland plain remain in the small part shown as "highly dissected areas." Nearly all the moderately dissected up land plain is south of the undissected upland plain and therefore within the area drained by tributaries of the Republican River. An area that is maturely dissected almost throughout lies between the undissected upland plain and the Platte River valley. It is broadest in southeastern Lincoln County, where it connects with the maturely dissected area bordering Medicine Creek, a tributary of the Republi can River. Maturely dissected areas also border Blackwood, Red Willow, and Deer Creeks, all of which are tributaries of the Republi can River.
The flat-topped divides in the moderately dissected upland plain have retained their thick loamy soil, but the steep-sidec1 slopes that border the flat-topped divides generally have a thin clayey to sandy soil, as does all the highly dissected area. Nearly all the irrigable land in the dissected area is on the flat-topped divides.
In the western part of the area, principally in soutl <?rn Lincoln County, is an extensive rolling plain of wind-deposited sand. Be cause the dunes are covered with prairie grass, they no longer mi grate. The sand appears to have been deposited as a mantle on the undissected upland plain and probably was derived principally from outcrops of the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age.
Another area of wind-deposited sand borders the Platte River valley from northeastern Phelps County to southwestern Hall County. Here the sand mantles a highly dissected surface and therefore is at a lower altitude than that of the surface of the undis sected upland plain to the south. The sand probably w^s picked up by winds from sandbars in the Platte River and was dropped where the winds began their rise to the level of the upland plain. This area of dune sand is about 4 miles wide at its widest point.
Neither of these areas of dune sand has a well-developed drainage pattern, and undrained depressions are common. As the surface is rolling and the soil is thin, practically none of the dune-sand area is considered irrigable.
A third area of dune sand lies across the Adams-Kearney County line in Tps. 6 and 7 N. It also is below the surface of the upland plain. The source of the sand is not obvious but may be the Crete and Todd Valley formations of Quaternary (Pleistocene) age, which have been exposed here by headward erosion of tributaries of the Little Blue River.
About 65 percent of the report area is within the drainage basin of the Republican River, about 20 percent is within the Platte River
GEOGRAPHY 9
drainage basin, and about 15 percent is drained by the Little Blue River. Not all the area contributes direct runoff to thes?. rivers, however, because runoff throughout most of the undissectec1 upland plain and in the areas of dune sand is to closed basins. The altitude of the Republican River is about 2,465 feet above sea level at McCook, 2,145 feet at Arapahoe, 1,750 feet at Riverton, and 1,540 feet at Superior. The altitude of the confluence of the South Platte and North Platte Rivers is about 2,755 feet, and the altitude of the Platte is about 2,480 feet at Cozad, 2,060 feet at Gibbon, and 1,835 feet near Grand Island. The Platte, therefore, flows at an elevation about 300 feet higher than does the Republican at points directly south. The gradient of both streams in these reaches is about 6.5 feet per mile. The Republican River is entrenched about 400 feet below the level of the undissected upland plain, whereas the Platte is only about 100 feet below. Throughout this part of its course the Republican has $ perennial flow, because it has cut its valley into bedrock and therefore receives not only surface runoff but also most of the ground water that is discharged from the mantle rock (un- consolidated deposits overlying the bedrock). Within the area the tributaries of the Republican River are several times as long as those of the Platte, and many have a perennial flow in their lower reaches because they are entrenched in water-bearing deposits. The Platte receives relatively little direct runoff from the area and receives sig nificant ground-water discharge only as far east as eastern Dawson County; it undoubtedly received even less ground-water discharge prior to construction of the canals and reservoirs of the North Platte Power and Irrigation District and the Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District. Principally because so much of the Platte River water is diverted for irrigation, the bed of the Platte east of Kearney is dry during much of the summer.
About 1,050 square miles of the eastern part of the area if drained by the Little Blue River, which heads near Minden and flows gen erally east-southeastward. Outside the area, the Little Blue flows into the Big Blue River, which, like the Republican, is a tributary of the Kansas River. Within the area, the Little Blue is entrenched 50 to 100 feet below the general level of the upland plain. > Ithough the Little Blue has not cut this part of its valley into bedrock, it has cut into the saturated part of the mantle rock and therefore receives considerable ground-water discharge.
ELECTRIC-POWER AND IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT'S
Water released from Lake McConaughy (a reservoir created by Kingsley Dam on the North Platte River) is diverted into the Sutherland Canal by a low dam about 2 miles west of Keystone.
10 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
The canal conveys water to a siphon that passes beneath the South Platte River at Paxton, from there to the Sutherland Reservoir, and thence to the North Platte regulating reservoir and powerplant south of the town of North Platte. The discharge from the powerplant empties into the South Platte about 3 miles upstream from the con fluence of that stream with the North Platte River. Ju?t below the confluence, river water is diverted into the Tri-County Canal, which conveys the water along the south side of the Platte Jliver to the Jeffrey Reservoir and powerplant south of Brady. Part of the water then is returned to the river and the remainder is conveyed south eastward by a continuation of the Tri-County Canal to sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 23 W. Here the canal splits, one fork known as the Main Lat eral E-65 supplying water for irrigation of land in eastern Gosper County and western Phelps County and the other fork conveying water to the Johnson Reservoir and powerplants (Nos. 1 and 2) near Lexington. The water that passes through the powerplants can be returned to the river or diverted into the Phelps County Canal, which extends across Phelps County into north-central Kearney County and supplies irrigation water to farmland in the northern parts of both counties. The canal and all land irrigated from it are wholly north of the topographic divide between the Platte and Republican Rivers, and the excess water is returned to the Platte River. The Adams County Canal, which connects with the Phelps County Canal in north-central Kearney County and extends into northwestern Adams County, was intended to convey v^ater to irri gable land in western Adams County but is not used becruse it would deliver Platte River water to lands outside the Platte River drainage basin. Such delivery would constitute an infraction cf the ruling of the Nebraska Supreme Court that forbids diversion of water out of the drainage basin in which it originates.
Several irrigation wells have been drilled within the part of the area irrigated by diverted river water, but many more have been drilled outside it. Altogether, at the time the fieldwork for this study was completed (1952) there were 246 wells that supplied water to about 28,000 acres, equivalent to a little more than one-fourth of the number of acres irrigated with surface water.
CLIMATE
The mean annual precipitation in the area ranges from about 19 inches in the extreme west to about 25 inches in the east. In the western part of the area, the least annual precipitation on record is the 9 inches that fell at Paxton in 1934 and the greatest is the 45 inches that fell at Hayes Center in 1915. In the eastern part of the area, the least on record is the 12 inches at Hastings in 1936 and the
GEOGRAPHY 11
most is the 49 inches at Minden in 1879. About 65 percent of the precipitation falls in local thunderstorms during the growing season, May through September. Hail during such storms sometimes causes considerable crop damage. Usually the precipitation is fairly well distributed in May and June and less so in July; it is poorly dis tributed in August and September. Dry spells in late summer often cause extensive damage to crops that are not irrigated. The average annual snowfall is about 30 inches.
The annual precipitation and departure from normal precipitation at Hayes Center and Minden for the period 1931-52 are shown in figures 3 and 4. It is interesting to note that precipitation at Min den during the drought years 1934 through 1938 was less than at Hayes Center, despite the fact that normal precipitation at Minden is greater than at Hayes Center. Because of this, the cur^e repre-
</) -20 UJ
§-40
-60
N
CUMULATIVE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL PRECIPITATION
ANNUAL PRECIPITATIONData from U. S. Weather Bureau
FIGURE 3. Graphs showing annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Hayes Center, Nebr., 1931-52.
12 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
-20
0) UJI -40 O~-60
-80
o CM in in
CUMULATIVE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL PRECIPITATION
ANNUAL PRECIPITATIONData from U. S. Weather Bureau
FIGURE 4. Graphs showing annual precipitation and cumulative departure from normal precipitation at Minden, Nebr., 1931-52.
senting cumulative departure descended faster at Minden than at Hayes Center during the dry thirties. However, the, curve for Minden stayed relatively level during the forties and climbed a little during the early fifties, whereas the curve for Hayes Center declined almost consistently during the entire period.
The mean temperature in the area is about 50° F. At Holdrege the mean temperature in July is 76° F, but daily highs of more than 100° F are common. In winter the temperature frequently drops to near zero and occasionally as low as 30° F. The average date of the last killing frost is about May 1, and the average growing season
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS, WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES 13
ranges in length from about 130 days in the western part cf the area to about 166 days in the eastern part.
The average wind velocity is about 9 miles per hour. During storms, velocities as high as 80 miles per hour nave been recorded. The prevailing winds are from the north or northwest in ranter and from the south or southeast in summer.
Evaporation from a free water surface totals about 64 inches from April through October and generally exceeds 10 inches per month in July and August. The average monthly evaporation from a class A evaporation pan at Rosemont is shown in figure 5.
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS AND THEIR WATER-BEARINGPROPERTIES
Because ample supplies of ground water can be obtained from either the unconsolidated deposits of Pleistocene age or the Ogallala formation of Pliocene age, few, if any, attempts have been made to explore all the underlying Cretaceous bedrock formation? to deter mine their capacity to yield water. Wells tap the uppermost rocks of Cretaceous age in southern Frontier County only, but these rocks are believed to be potential sources of water supply throughout the area.
CRETACEOUS SYSTEM (UPPER CRETACEOUS SERIES)
Rocks of Late Cretaceous age underlie the entire report area but do not crop out. The oldest, or bottommost, are a series of sand stones and shales, which, where they are exposed outside the area,
12
10
g o_
APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT.
Data from U. S. Weather Bureau
FIGT.THE 5. Graph showing average monthly evaporation, April-October, 1945-51, near Rosemont, Nebr.
532176 O 60
14 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
have been variously named. The Nebraska Geological Survey sub divides these rocks into the Lakota sandstone, Fuson shale, and Omadi sandstone, in ascending order, where they crop ont in north eastern Nebraska (Condra and Reed, 1943). Where these rocks can not be subdivided readily or when they are referred to collectively, the Nebraska Geological Survey refers to them as the Dakota group.
A few of the sandstone layers are massive and crossbedded, but most are thin and interbedded with layers of shale. Hematite con cretions are common in the sandstone layers. Some of the shale is sandy and some is clayey; some is also carbonaceous. T1 e thickness of the Dakota in this area probably ranges from 400 to 500 feet. The top is about 450 feet below the surface in the southeastern corner of the area, about 600 feet below the floor of the Little Blue River, and, according to Wenzel and Waite (1941, p. 34), probably 2,000 feet or more below the surface in Keith County.
Within the report area, the water in the permeable beds of the Dakota is under artesian pressure, but the pressure probably is not great enough to raise the water to the land surface. On the basis of the known quality of the water in the Dakota elsewhere, the water in the Dakota in the report area is believed to be moderately saline and of correspondingly limited usefulness.
Conformably overlying the Dakota is a succession of predomi nantly fine-grained strata known as the Colorado group. The basal formation of the Colorado group is the Graneros shale, which is about 90 feet thick and consists of dark-gray shale interbedded with thin layers of sandy shale and sandstone. Overlying the Graneros is a sequence, 30 feet thick, of alternating beds of gray limestone and gray shale. Next above is the Carlile shale, about 270 feet thick, which consists of bluish-gray shale separated in the lower part by thin chalky layers and in the upper part by beds of fine-grained sandstone.
The Niobrara formation, which is the youngest formation in the Colorado group, is subdivided into two members the lower Fort Hayes limestone member and the upper Smoky Hill chalk member. The Fort Hayes consists of gray to yellowish-gray massive limestone and the Smoky Hill of gray and yellow shaly chalk.
Planation in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary time removed the top part of the Niobrara formation in two parts of the area one in eastern and central Frontier County and eastern Lincoln County (along the axis of a broad bedrock uplift krown as the Cambridge arch) and the other east of a sinuous line that trends from west-central Franklin County to southeastern Fall County. In these two places the thickness of the Niobrara obviously is some what less than the full thickness of 500 feet. Many of the test holes
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS, WATER-BEARING PROPERTIF"* 15
in the eastern part of the area were drilled a short distance into the Niobrara formation. (See pi. 2.)
Probably all the formations in the Colorado group contain beds that would yield sufficient water for domestic and livestock needs. However, except for a few wells in southeastern Frontier County that possibly tap the Niobrara formation, no wells in the area are deep enough to obtain water from these formations. Fumerous springs issue from joints and small faults in the Niobrara where it is exposed in the southeastern part of the area along the valleys of tributaries to the Republican River.
In the parts of the area where planation in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary time did not expose the Niobrara formation, the Colo rado group is overlain by the Pierre shale. In Gosper, Phelps, Kearney, and Harlan Counties only the lower part of tl ^ Pierre remains (probably not more than 300 feet), but from a line extend ing from about Bartley to North Platte that is, on the west side of the Cambridge arch the thickness of the Pierre increases pro gressively westward. Its thickness at the western end of the area is not known but may be as much as 2,000 feet. Although the Pierre consists principally of black, gray, and brown shale, it contains scattered thin layers of bentonite, shaly chalk, shaly limestone, and sandstone, and also some well-defined zones of concretions. Several test holes were drilled deep enough to penetrate the uppermost layers of the Pierre shale. (See pi. 2.) Although some layers in the Pierre probably would yield a little water to wells, the formation is not tapped anywhere within the area.
TERTIARY SYSTEM (OLIGOCENE AND PLIOCENE SERIES)
At the beginning of the Oligocene epoch of Tertiary time the land surface in the area was one of low topographic relief. During the Oligocene and again during the Pliocene broad fans of ro?k debris derived from the western mountains encroached on the area. No evidence indicates that deposition during the Oligocene epoch ex tended beyond the middle of the area, but the sediments deposited during the Pliocene buried not only those deposited during the Oligocene in the western part of the area but also the rocks of Cretaceous age in the eastern part of the area.
Two formations of Oligocene age are present in the western part of the area. The older, or lower, is the Chadron formatior and the younger is the Brule clay; together they are referred to as the White River group. The Chadron consists of greenish to buff clay and silt. It probably is about 50 feet thick in western Keith County and thins eastward to a featheredge. The Brule clay consists principally of pink sandy clay, which encloses some channel-fill sandstones in its
16 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
lower part and is interbedded with thin layers of volcanic ash and sandstone in its upper part. It is as much as 200 feet thick at the western end of the area and, like the Chadron, thins eastward to a featheredge. So far as is known, no wells in the area tap either formation 'of the White River group.
The Ogallala formation of Pliocene age consists, for the most part, of coarser grained rock debris and extends farther east than do the formations of the White River group. It is composed of sandstone and conglomerate cemented with calcium carbonate or opaline silica, unconsolidated sand and gravel, loesslike silt, and volcanic ash. Because individual beds generally are not very extensive, correla tions from place to place cannot be made on the basis of lithology. However, fossil grass seeds in the formation have proved to be a reliable means of correlation. The Ogallala is progressively finer grained and less permeable in an eastward direction.
Because the Ogallala was deposited on an irregular surface and, after its deposition, was eroded deeply in places, its thickness differs markedly from place to place. (See pi. 2.) Near the eastern end of the area the Ogallala in places is as much as 150 fee4" thick but locally is entirely absent; in the western part of the ares it is pres ent everywhere and is as much as 500 feet thick. The original thick ness of the formation probably was much greater in the west than in the east. Most of the test holes were drilled through the entire thickness of the Ogallala.
In the eastern part of the area the entire thickness of the Ogallala is water bearing, in the central part it is mostly water bearing, and in the western part only the lower part is water bearing. Most of the wells in the western part of the area derive water frcm only the Ogallala, whereas many wells in the central and southeastern parts derive water not only from the Ogallala but also from th°- overlying formations. Few wells, if any, in the northeastern part of the area are deep enough to tap the Ogallala.
The coarser grained, less well cemented beds in the Ogallala are moderately permeable and will transmit fairly large quantities of water to wells. The field coefficient of permeability 1 of the Ogallala was not determined, but the average of all beds in it is believed to be on the basis of determinations made in the Ladder Creek drainage basin in Kansas (Bradley and Johnson, 1957), a little more than 300 gallons per day per square foot. Owing to differences in perme ability and thickness of the formation, the coefficient of transmissi- bility 2 varies from place to place.
1 The field coefficient of permeability is the rate of flow of water, in gallons per day, through a cross section of 1 square foot, under a hydraulic gradient of 100 percent, at the prevailing temperature of the water.
2 The coefficient of transmissibility is the average field coefficient of pernreability multi plied by the thickness of the water-transmitting material, in feet.
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS, WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES 17
Because the Ogallala is only moderately permeable, wells tapping it must be drilled through a relatively great thickness of crater-bear ing material if large yields are to be obtained. Most of the wells tapping the Ogallala yield water for domestic and stock use only, but the yields of the few irrigation and public-supply wells indicate that a fairly large supply can be obtained if a well is drilled through a sufficient thickness of saturated permeable material, and if the well is constructed properly, developed carefully, and equipped with an adequate pump. Because of these limiting conditions, it is ad visable to do exploratory test drilling before attempting to obtain supplies sufficient for irrigation use from the Ogallala.
QUATERNARY SYSTEM (PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT £ ERIES) .
After the Ogallala was deposited, streams flowing over its surface began to deepen their valleys, especially in the eastern half of the area. Before long, geologically speaking, these streams had eroded broad valleys as much as 250 feet deep into what had once been a nearly smooth surface. Then, when the first of the Pleistocene gla ciers advanced into eastern Nebraska and the stream valleys were blocked by the ice margin, the streams that formerly were deepening their valleys now filled them with the rock fragments they no longer could transport. When the first glacier melted, new valleys were cut; and when the second glacier advanced and blocked them, these valleys also were filled. After the second glacier melted, ^alley cut ting and refilling on a smaller scale occurred at least twic°,. Mean while, widespread deposition of wind-transported silt and clay occurred at least two times. These later phases of deposition prob ably were related to advances of glacial ice that did not reach Nebraska. Dune sand and stream alluvium are the most recent, deposits in the area.
Nebraska geologists have subdivided the deposits of Pleistocene age into formations (Condra and Reed, 1950). The thickness, extent, and relation of the formations to each other are known in detail principally because the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, has drilled and carefully logged many test holes in the area. (See pi. 2.)
The oldest deposit of Pleistocene age is the Holdrege formation, which consists principally of sand and gravel and generally is coarsest near its base. Because the Holdrege was laid doyn for the most part in valleys and because much of the upper pr.rt of the deposit was removed by later erosion, its thickness differr consider ably from place to place. The maximum thickness penetrated in test drilling was about 170 feet. It underlies more than half the eastern part of the area.
18 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
In some places the Holdrege is overlain by a deposit of dark calcareous silt and clay known as the Fullerton formation. For merly coextensive with the Holdrege, the Fullerton was removed in large part by streams that cut their valleys through it and into the Holdrege. The maximum thickness of the Fullerton penetrated in test drilling was about 40 feet. Together, the Holdrege and Fuller- ton probably represent deposition during the Nebraskr.n stage of glaciation.
The Grand Island formation, like the Holdrege, consists of sand and gravel that is coarsest at the base. However, it is much more continuous and extends farther west than the Holdrege and Fuller- ton formations. Because it too was deposited on an irregular sur face and its upper part was removed by later erosion, its thickness differs considerably from place to place. The maximum thickness penetrated in test drilling was about 170 feet.
Overlying the Grand Island in most places is the Sappa forma tion, a deposit of greenish-gray clay and fine sand containing a layer of volcanic ash that is referred to as the Pearlette ash member. The Sappa has a maximum thickness of about 140 feet but generally is much thinner. Together, the Grand Island and Sappa represent deposition west of the ice margin during the Kansan stage of gla ciation.
Early in the succeeding Illinoian stage of glaciation, streams cut valleys into, and in places through, the Sappa formation. These streams then partly filled their valleys with the sand and gravel known as the Crete formation. The Crete probably consists largely of reworked Grand Island formation and is known to be present only in places in the eastern part of the area. Its maximum thick ness is about 30 feet.
The Loveland formation, a deposit of reddish-browr calcareous silt containing minor amounts of sand and clay, overlie^ the Crete formation or, where the Crete is absent, the Sappa formation. It was deposited during the latter part of the Illinoian stag*? of glacia tion. Because the Loveland is of eolian origin, it was deposited both in the drainageways and on the intervening low divides Its origi nal thickness probably was fairly uniform, but its present thickness ranges from 0 to as much as 200 feet.
Parts of the eastern half of the area are underlain by a deposit of greenish-gray fine sand, the Todd Valley sand, which ranges in thickness from 0 to about 60 feet. This formation rests on the sur face of the Loveland or, where the Loveland was removed by erosion, on one of the older Pleistocene formations.
After the Todd Valley sand was laid down, another layer of windblown silt, the Peorian loess of Pleistocene age, was deposited
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS, WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES 19
as a mantle over the entire area. The Peorian is light b^own to nearly white and contains nodular calcareous concretions. It has a vertical columnar structure and slumps to form "cat steps" on mod erately steep slopes. Fossil soils within the formation indicate that deposition of the loess was interrupted several times. T" °, loess averages about 40 feet in thickness but in places is as much as 100 feet thick. The Peorian loess, together with the Todd Valley sand, was deposited during the Wisconsin stage of glaciation.
Another layer of loess, the Bignell, overlies the Peorian in some places. It is gray and generally is thin. On the cross sections (pi. 2), it is included with the Peorian loess, from which it prob ably was derived. The Bignell is considered to be of Pleistocene (late Wisconsin) and Recent age.
Dune sand is the surficial deposit in three separate part? of the area. The most extensive is in Lincoln, Hayes, and Perkins Coun ties. Of the other two, the larger is in northern Phelps and Kearney Counties and the smaller is in southeastern Kearney and southwestern Adams Counties. The sand is gray and is fine to medium grained. In the largest of these parts, it probably was de rived principally from the surface of exposed coarse-grained Pleisto cene deposits.
Streams in the area have picked up and redeposited material derived from the Pleistocene formations exposed in their drainage basins. Such alluvium generally is poorly sorted and thin. The alluvium, like the dune sand, is principally of Recent age.
Where sufficiently thick and saturated, the sand and gravel forma tions of Pleistocene age are capable of yielding large quantities of water to wells drilled into them. The average field coefficient of permeability of the formations that yield water to wells is about 850 gallons per day per square foot, or nearly three times as great as that of the Ogallala formation. Nearly all the irrigation wells in the area tap either the Holdrege or the Grand Island formation, or both, and where the Todd Valley sand is within the principal zone of saturation some wells tap that formation also. In some small parts of the area, wells of low yield tap "perched" ground water that is, bodies of ground water that are suspended on impermeable beds between the principal zone of saturation and the lane1 surface within the Crete and Todd Valley formations or possibly within the loess. Where the Fullerton, Sappa, Loveland, and Peorian forma tions are within the zone of saturation, they yield insignificant quan tities of water to wells. Where they are above the zone of sa turation they, along with the Bignell loess, dune sand, and alluvrum, are important factors in the hydrologic regimen in that they either transmit water readily or impede the transmission of water infiltrat ing from the land surface to the zone of saturation.
20 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
GROUND WATER IN THE OGALLALA FORMATION AND QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Except for the bodies of perched ground water, which generally are thin and of small extent, the water in the Ogallala formation and overlying Quaternary deposits constitutes a continuous zone of satura tion underlying almost the entire area and continuous with the zone of saturation in adjoining areas. The lower surface of tl is principal zone of saturation coincides with the top of the Cretaceous bedrock, and the upper surface is known as the water table.
Most of the perched bodies of ground water result from the in ability of the Sappa formation to transmit downward all the water that infiltrates from the land surface; The perched water generally is contained in the Crete formation or the Todd Valley sand, or both, or in the loess. Possibly, also, some perched bodies of ground water are supported by the Fullerton formation. The presence of perched ground-water bodies can be detected where the water level in a well stands markedly higher than the regional water table, o^ when, in a well tapping the principal zone of saturation, water can be heard trickling from a point of entry higher than the static water level. The areal extent of perched ground-water bodies can generally be determined only by detailed investigation.
THICKNESS OF THE PRINCIPAL ZONE OF SATURATION
The thickness of the principal zone of saturation in the eastern and central parts of the area is fairly well known; it ranges from less than 1 foot to as much as 450 feet and averages about 175 feet. The thickness in the western part of the area, wThere almost no test drilling has been done, is less well known but is believed to exceed 50 feet everywhere except in a narrow band bordering the Republican River valley eastward from northeastern Hitchcock County. The thickness of the principal zone of saturation along nortl -south lines crossing the central and eastern parts of the area is shown on plate 2, and the parts of the entire area underlain by more or by less than 50 feet of water-bearing sand and gravel are shown on plate 3.
CONFIGURATION AND POSITION OF THE WATER TABLE
The water table, or top surface of the principal zone of saturation, is a gently undulating plane that slopes southeastward throughout nearly all the area described in this report. The configuration of this surface throughout the area is shown on plate 3 by contour lines drawn at 100-foot intervals, and in the northern part of the area is shown on plate 4 by contour lines drawn at 20-foot intervals. The average gradient of the water table is about 10 feet per mile but ranges from about 6 to more than 100 feet per mile; the gradients
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 21
are steepest close to the Republican River valley. The pronounced water-table ridges in western and south-central Lincoln Connty and in southeastern Dawson and northwestern Gosper Countie? are the result of seepage from the canals and reservoirs of the Platte Valley Public Power and Irrigation District and of the Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District. The less prominent but much broader bulge in contour lines in northern Phelps and northern Kearney Counties is due to the infiltration of irrigation v^ater ap plied to lands within the Tri-County project of the Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District.
In about one-fifth of the area, principally in the northwestern part, the water table stands higher than does the Platte River at points directly north; throughout the entire area it stands higher than does the Republican River at points directly south. In the western part of the area the water table is within the Ogallala formation, but in the central and eastern parts it is within one or another of the Pleistocene formations.
DIRECTION OP MOVEMENT
Ground water percolates in the direction of the greatest downward slope of the water table. As shown by plate 3, the water table slopes northeastward toward the Platte on the north side of th°. dashed line that represents the ground-water divide between the Platte River and the drainage basins to the south. Within the area bounded on the north by the ground-water divide between the Big Blue and Little Blue Rivers and on the south by the ground-water divide between the Little Blue and Republican Rivers, the water table slopes southeastward, eastward, and northeastward toward the Little Blue River. Throughout the remainder (about three-fourth^) of the area, the slope of the water table is southeastward or southward toward the Republican River. Because the topographic am? ground- water divides do not coincide, ground water beneath the upland part of northeastern Gosper County, northern Phelps County, and north western Kearney County (roughly, the area of the Tri-County irriga tion project) moves toward the Republican or the Little Blue River, whereas surface runoff in the same part of the area is toward the Platte.
The average rate of percolation of ground water in the principal zone of saturation is thought to range from about one-half foot to 2 feet per day.
No information on the slope of the perched water tables was ob tained. Presumably the perched water tables slope generally east ward, approximately parallel to the surface of the relatively im permeable layers that support them. The perched water infiltrates
22 GROUND WATER, PL ATTE-REPUBLIC AN WATERSHED, FEBRASKA
to the principal zone of saturation by filtering slowly through the layer that supports it or by spilling over the edge of the supporting layer.
DEPTH TO THE WATER TABLE
Measurements of the depth to water in 587 wells in the area ranged from 2 to 365 feet; in about half the wells the depth tc water was between 50 and 125 feet. The water table is less than 50 feet below the land surface north of the Sutherland Canal in Lincoln County, in the northern part of Kearney and Phelps Counties, rnd beneath valley lands throughout the area. At no place in the r.rea east of R. 13 W. is the depth to water more than 150 feet and nowhere east of R. 18 W. is it more than 200 feet. Northwestward from south- central Phelps County the depth to water exceeds 200 feet in many places on the undissected part of the upland plain; in 3 wells in southwestern Dawson County and in 1 well in central Lincoln County the water level is more than 300 feet below the l?,nd surface. The depth to water in individual wells is shown on plate 4 and in the record of wells and irrigation practices (table 5).
RECHARGE
Because the zone of saturation within the report area is part of a much more extensive body of ground water that is percolating gen erally eastward, ground water enters the report area diagonally across both its southwestern border and the northern border eastward from Buffalo County. If it is assumed that the average coefficient of permeability of the zone of saturation along the southwestern border of the area is 300 gpd (gallons per day) per foot, that the water-table gradient is about 10 feet per mile, and that the zone of saturation is about 400 feet thick, then about 70,000 acre-feet of water enters the area each year by subsurface inflow across the south western border. Similarly, if it is assumed that the average co efficient of permeability along the northern border east of Buffalo County is 1,000 gpd per foot, that the water-table gradient is 7 feet per mile, and that the zone of saturation is 150 feet thick, about 11,000 acre-feet of water enters the area each year by inflow across this segment of the border. Added to the ground-wTater inflow, as it percolates eastward and southeastward through the area, is re charge that infiltrates from the land surface. Precipitation, ponded water, influent streams, unlined irrigation canals and reservoirs, and applied irrigation water are land-surface sources of reel arge to the zone of saturation. Recharge from all sources, including ground- water inflow, is estimated to be nearly 1,200,000 acre-feet per year.
Of the precipitation that enters the soil, most is evaporated or is extracted by vegetation. A small part, however, infiltrates below
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPORTS 23
the level from which it can be returned to the atmosphere by natural processes and continues to descend, under the influence of gravity, until it reaches either a perched body of ground water or the prin cipal zone of saturation. Both the proportion of precipitation that enters the soil and the proportion of the soil water that infiltrates to the zone of saturation differ widely from time to time and from place to place within the area. For example, a brisk shower is far less effective as a source of recharge than is a prolonged soaking rain, and rapid snowmelt is less effective than slow snowmelt. Furthermore, tilled soil with a cover crop or layer of mulch is more receptive to moisture than hard-packed soil without cover; warm soil is more receptive than frozen soil; moist soil generally is more receptive than dessicated soil; and sandy soil is more receptive than clayey soil. But because soil that is tilled, which includes the soil of most of the area, retains more moisture than a virgin loess soil that has a well-developed columnar structure, it may be that less of the precipitation infiltrates to the zone of saturation now than did before the prairie sod was broken and the columnar structure of the soil disturbed. The fact that water may remain ponded throughout the year in some of the shallow depressions on the undissecte'l upland plain is evidence that the loessial soils, beneath which a hardpan, or layer of caliche, generally is present, transmit only very small amounts of water to depths beyond the reach of plant roots. Throughout much of the dissected part of the area, however, the loessial soil and associated hardpan have been removed, and conse quently there is less to hinder the penetration of prec; pitation. Because dune sand is fairly permeable to infiltrating water and for the most part is not tilled, recharge from precipitation probably is greatest in those parts of the area where the surface deposits are dune sand.
Numerous depressions on the undissected upland plain and in the dune-sand areas collect runoff, thus creating temporary poids from which some of the water infiltrates to the zone of saturation. Where streams in the dissected part of the area are above the water table, they also lose water to the zone of saturation.
It is estimated, on the basis of values determined for certral Box Butte County, Nebr., by Cady and Scherer (1946), and for the southern High Plains by Theis (1937), that recharge from precipita tion averages slightly less than 1 inch per year in most of the un dissected upland, about 1.5 inches in maturely dissected areas, and as much as 2 inches per year in the areas mantled by dune sand. If it is assumed that recharge from precipitation together with recharge from ponds and influent streams averages 1.5 inches per year in the area as a whole, then recharge from these sources is nearly 600,000 acre-feet per year.
24 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Since the power and irrigation projects have been in operation, the water level has risen significantly in wells close to the supply canals and reservoirs and in wells within the area that is irrigated with diverted river water. The maximum rise detected to date is the rise of 104 feet in well 8-22-8cd, which is close to Johnson Reservoir. During the period October 1948 to October 1951, the water table in Gosper, Phelps, Kearney, and Adams Counties rose as shown in figure 6. If it is assumed that the materials that thus Hcome sat urated have a porosity of 20 percent, then the water-table rise during the 3-year period in Kearney and Phelps Counties alone would indicate an increase in ground-water storage of about 175,000 acre- feet, or nearly 60,000 acre-feet per year. Because the water levels in wells outside the area affected by the electric-power am? irrigation developments did not change appreciably during the same period, it is assumed that recharge from irrigation accounts for most of the increase in storage. Annual recharge from the system of canals, reservoirs, and applied irrigation water (including irrigation water pumped from wells) in the area as a whole probably is at out 8 times as much as that in Kearney and Phelps Counties. Seepage losses from the Sutherland Canal and reservoir have been estimated to be about 150,000 acre-feet per year and from the Tri-County Canal and Jeffrey and Johnson Reservoirs to be about 250,000 acre-feet per year (Johnson, 1950, p. 8).
It is of interest to note that at least half the recharge resulting from water diverted out of the Platte River by the Centrrl Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District reaches the zone of saturation south of the ground-water divide and consequently moves toward either the Republican or the Little Blue River.
The dam on Medicine Creek in sec. 26, T. 5 N., R. 26 W., was closed for filling of the reservoir on August 10, 1949. The water level in wells close to the reservoir rose about 18 feet between March 2 and December 19, 1950, indicating that seepage from the reservoir was saturating the underlying and adjacent porous materials. The dam, therefore, not only will impound surface water but in time will result also in an increase in stored ground water possibly as much ground water as surface water.
DISCHARGE
Unconfined ground water percolates laterally toward places where it is discharged at the land surface. Although in the report area some of the ground water is pumped from wells, issues from springs, is absorbed by the roots of growing vegetation, evaporates, or sus tains the flow of streams, a far greater part leaves the area by sub surface flow across the northern, eastern, and southern boundaries of the area and is discharged in the valleys of the Platte, Big Blue,
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26 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Little Blue, and Republican Rivers. At the present time, the annual discharge of ground water natural discharge plus pumpage from wells probably is slightly less than the current average annual re charge, because the hydraulic gradient still has not adjusted com pletely to recharge from the electric-power and irrigation develop ments. Annual discharge of ground water from the report area is estimated to be somewhat more than 680,000 acre-feet (the estimated sum of natural recharge) and less than 1,200,000 acre-feet (the esti mated sum of recharge from all sources).
NATURAL, DISCHARGE
The only places in the area where ground water is discharged by natural means are the stretches of the stream valleys that are incised below the water table. In such stretches the water table generally is within the reach of plant roots, and in places it may be so close to the land surface that capillarity is sufficient to raise water to a level from which it can be evaporated directly from the soil. Only a relatively small part of the ground water absorbed by vegetation is incor porated into plant tissues, a much larger part being lost to the at mosphere by evaporation from leaves (a process known as transpira tion). The ground water that escapes discharge by evaporation or transpiration eventually is discharged into a stream. A stream in such a stretch is described as effluent, and the first point at which ground water enters the stream is referred to as the point of ef- fluency. Effluent stretches are characterized by perennial flow, the flow during periods of no surface runoff being maintained by ground water that enters along the stream banks and through the stream bed. The upstream flexures of the water-table contour lines on plates 3 and 4 indicate the principal places where ground water is being discharged by natural processes.
Of the total discharge of the Little Blue River at Angus during the period 1950-52, about 60,000 acre-feet per year is estimated to have been ground water. It is estimated that an additional 30,000 acre-feet was discharged by evaporation and transpiration in the stretch between the point of effluency and Angus.
Several tributaries of the Republican River become eff-ient within the boundary of the report area, but no estimate is made of the ag gregate amount of ground water discharged by these streams. Residents of southern Lincoln County report that in recent years the point at which Medicine Creek begins to flow has moved up stream. This would indicate an increase in ground-water discharge into the stream, probably as the result of recharge from the power and irrigation developments that utilize diverted river water.
Plum Creek is the only tributary of the Platte that becomes effluent within the report area, and the point of effluency has l^en moving
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSES 27
progressively upstream since the Tri-County irrigation project has been in operation.
DISCHARGE FROM WELLS
About one-fourth of the water used for irrigation, a large part of the water supplied to livestock, and essentially all the water used in homes, in public buildings, and by industries is obtained from wells. The combined annual discharge of all wells in the area at the present time (1952) is estimated to be a little less than one-twentieth of the total annual recharge.
IRRIGATION WELLS
The greatest use of ground water in the area is that for irrigation. The 246 irrigation wells situated on the uplands are distributed, by counties, as shown below:
Distribution of irrigation wells on the uplands
County
Clay.-.. __ __._Dawson -Franklin _ - _Frontier Furnas - ___ _Gosoer- _ ___
Number oj irrigation
wells.____. __ 76___________ 24____-___--_ 1
o
_ _ 24
-__-_____-- 3
r County
Hall. -Harlan.
TC"p$lT*riPV
Keith---_-----------Phelps____ ----- __-Webster. ____ _____
Number of irrigation
wells........... 1___________ 3_.__ ______ 1___________ 75_______---. 3_____----_- 40___________ 4
As the average pumpage in 1952 from 75 wells for which data were obtained was 115 acre-feet, the total pumpage from all 246 ir rigation wells is estimated to have been about 28,000 rcre-feet. Information given by the pump operators indicates that the wells were pumped an average of 754 hours during the year. Mo^t of the pumping was done during the summer, although some alfalfa was irrigated in the spring and some wheat in the fall. As the average size of the area irrigated from a well was 115 acres (out of an aver age of 143 acres per well that could have been irrigated), approxi mately 1 acre-foot of water was applied to each acre of irrigated cropland.
The irrigation wells range in depth from 35 to 402 feet, and nearly all were drilled to such a depth as to contain about 50 feet of water when not being pumped. In most wells the casing is metal or con crete pipe and is 18 inches in diameter. Screened gravel generally is packed around the casing when the well is being constructed. The pump and powerplant for nearly all the wells is mounted on a concrete platform that surrounds and is flush with the to^ of the casing. Almost without exception the pumps are deep-well turbines of 1 to 5 stages and are driven by internal-combustion ermines or electric motors. Many of the installations, especially those powered
28 GROUND WATER, PLATTE -REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
by electric motors, are housed in small wooden or sheet-metal build ings. A few pumps are operated by belts connected to tractors.
The water pumped from irrigation wells is distributed by gravity flow in ditches or through pipes or is forced under pressure through pipes and ejected from sprinklers. Most commonly the water is dis tributed through unlined ditches. Small canvas dammin g devices are used to raise the water in the ditch to a level slightly higher than the field so that the water can be siphoned out of the ditch into the rows through curved plastic tubes. Pasture, wheat, and alfalfa generally are flooded by breaching the wall of the supply ditch; in recent years, however, more and more alfalfa has been irrigated by sprinkling.
Corn is the crop most commonly irrigated, and alfalfa is the second most commonly irrigated. Other crops irrigated in 1952 were wheat, barley, oats, clover, brome grass, sugar beets, sweet clover, grain sorghum, and wheat grass.
The rate of installation of irrigation wells from ] 933 through 1952 is shown graphically in figure 7. Apparently the demand for irrigation wells developed rapidly between 1940 and 1945, but, be cause construction materials were then in short supply, the demand could not be satisfied until after World War II. Improved well- drilling methods, increased pump efficiencies, improved methods of
270
240
210
180
150
120
UJ- 90
60
O 30
^ Annual well installations
^/ Total well installations
Wells of unknown installation date ore not plotted
40
30
20
10
ccUJ
00
o
FIGURE 7. Graph showing rate of installation of upland irrigation wells.
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 29
water distribution, and the growing conviction that irrigation in sures high crop yields even in drought years have combined to stimulate the drilling of wells. Many farmers indicate that they intend to install an irrigation well in the relatively near future.
DOMESTIC AND LIVESTOCK WELLS
Most of the rural residents in the area obtain water for the^r live stock and for use in their homes from small-diameter wells that are equipped with force pumps. The majority of the pumps are powered by windmills, but some are driven by small gasoline or electric motors or are hand operated. Most of the wells were drilled to $. depth 10 to 20 feet below the water table. In the eastern part of the area the casing of most wells is 2 or 4 inches in diameter and series also as the pump column, whereas in the western part most wells are cased with 5%- or 6-inch galvanized steel pipe and the pump column is inside the casing. Domestic and livestock wells rarely discharge more than a few gallons per minute, but they are so numerous and are pumped for such long periods that their aggregate discharge probably is as much as 23,000 acre-feet per year.
PUBLIC-SUPPLY WELLS
Twenty-eight towns in the area have one or more public-supply wells. The casing of most of these wells is a steel pipe that is 6 inches or more in diameter, and the water is lifted by turbine pumps powered by electric motors. In some towns the water is pumped directly into the mains or into elevated tanks; in otl °.rs the water is stored in cisterns or reservoirs from which it is pumped into the mains by centrifugal pumps. The combined annual pumpage of all public-supply wells in the area is between 2,500 and 3,000 acre-feet. The number of wells, storage capacity, and annual con sumption of water in all but one of the towns having a public-supply system is given below.
Public-supply systems
Town or city
Alms(,
Axtell. ----.- ..
B laden... .....Blue Hill..........Campbell __ . __Elsie... ... ...... ...Elwood
Fairfleld .... .
Funk __ .----.--.-
Number of
wells
M
12
3211
211
Storage capacity
(thou sands of gallons)
456
339035
160753060
17550701330
Annual consump tion (acre-
feet)
w\66
27280
99
348434
101
73
Town or city
HeartwellHildretb
Smithfield-
Wallace Wilcox
Number of
wells
25
2414111112
Storage capacity
(thou sands of gallons)
50460
355025
20
364064
Annual consump tion (acre-
feet)
40560
456617
67011
21734
143
One of these wells is outside the area.
532176 O
30 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Because both the population of the towns and the per capita water use are increasing, many towns have had to augment their water supply in recent years and in so doing have modernized much of their equipment. Also, several towns that only a few years ago were supplied from privately owned wells and cisterns now have a municipally owned system.
INDUSTRIAL WELLS
Water for industrial use is supplied from the public-supply systems in Holdrege and Minden but elsewhere is generally obtained from wells owned by the industries. Similarly, railroads obtain water either from public-supply systems or from railroad-owned wells. Industrial use of water probably is about 1,000 acre-feet per year.
SIGNIFICANCE OF WATER-TABLE FLUCTUATIONS
Under a natural hydrologic regimen, the amount of ground water discharged from the zone of saturation is governed by the amount of recharge to the zone of saturation. The adjustment of discharge to different rates of recharge necessitates changes in the hydraulic gradient, which in turn cause fluctuations of the water table. The magnitude of such fluctuations depends on the amount and rate of recharge and on the porosity and permeability of the material through which the water table rises and declines.
In the report area, in places that are remote from the influence of seepage of diverted river water and from large withdrawals through wells, the water table fluctuates between fairly narrow lim its, as is indicated in figure 8 by the hydrograph of the water levels in wells 10-32-17cc, 9-29-4cb, and 3-10-34cb. Such a small range in water-table fluctuations in an aquifer that is both lighly porous and highly permeable indicates a stabilized ratio of discharge to recharge. A similar stability probably characterized all the upland area before the power and irrigation systems were constructed.
In and near the part of the report area, where seepage from the system of canals, reservoirs, and irrigated land has increased several times the former natural rate of recharge, a steeper hydraulic gradient is being established. The rising trend of th°- water level in wells 7-21-6bc, 5-18-4abl, and 5-15-3ba, which are in this part of the area, is evidence that discharge still does not balance recharge. Unless ground-water discharge in this vicinity is increased substan tially by pumping from wells, the process of adjustment will continue until the water-bearing materials can transmit the added recharge to points of natural discharge. The steep gradient (60 feet per mile) that exists in the vicinity of some of the reservoirs (see pi. 4) in dicates that material of fairly low transmissibility is becoming saturated by the seepage.
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 31
146 147
148
270t~ 271 UJUJ 272U_
Z
- "5 UJ 116
< 117 fe "813 (O
.50Z 151 ** 152
153 & O -J 87
m 8889
Ct UJ
s »36
£ 37
I 1-
Sj 99 O 100
101
75
76 77
_-/ ^^ - \x>~ -- .__
I0-32~l7cc Lincoln County
/^^^ -« ^-\- -- H ^^
9-29~4cb Lincoln County
X ^ N^
yX
/
x-' J
'xX
--
^x.X
xxX
7 -21 ~6 be Gosper County
X"f J \ A, s ,^- -** **
^.^ ^'
5-l8-4abl Phelps County
J
//
-^r"
//
^7j
'
/
//
AdV
~£-
%
XV
A7,S /
5~l5~3ba Keorney County
^ ""->/ -x_ -^ _^^--"
j
^--" "
3-IO-34cb Webster^County
^*- , -~\_ 7-IO-23ab Adams County
. _~ _ _ _ /
X"v* /
^X
,^'
100 101
102 103
104
105 106
107 108
109
110 III 112
113
114
146
147 148
149 150
151
152
153
5-6-26M Clay County
FIGURE 8. Hydrographs showing water-level fluctuations in eight wells.
32 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHEI, NEBRASKA
Pumping of water for irrigation in Adams, Kearney, and Phelps Counties has caused a slight decline of the water table in some places. This is indicated by the hydrograph of the water level in well 7-10-28ab (fig. 8). A lowering of ground-water levels in an area of artificial discharge does not necessarily indicate ov°,rwithdrawal but instead may indicate the water-table adjustment necessary to create hydraulic gradients sufficient to sustain the discharge of the wells. On the other hand, continuing, persistent decline of water levels in an area of artificial withdrawals, especially after with drawals have been stabilized for a time, should be looked upon as an indication that the maximum capacity of the zone of saturation to yield on a sustained basis may have been exceeded.
POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND-WATER IESOURCES
Unless artificial withdrawals of ground water are balanced by an increase in natural recharge, which may occur under certain condi tions, or by artificial recharge, such withdrawals necessitate an eventual decrease in natural ground-water discharge. Although the decrease may not be detectable for several years or decades, it will be no less real. Insofar as the artificial withdrawals are used bene ficially, the reduction of natural discharge that can be considered nonbeneficial is not a matter for concern; but when artificial with drawals result in a lessening of beneficial natural or artificial dis charge, the situation is one of "robbing Peter to pay Paul." In planning for the most beneficial development of the total water re sources of a hydrologic unit (for example, the Republican River drainage basin) the effect of consumptive water use in one part of a basin on the availability of water for beneficial use in other parts of the basin should be given due consideration.
In the report area, because seepage from the canals, reservoirs, and irrigation is an important source of artificial recharge to the zone of saturation, a considerable quantity of ground water can be with drawn each year without reducing natural discharge to less than its present rate. However, if withdrawals are to be effective in inter cepting the artificial recharge, they must be made within or down- gradient from the area of artificial recharge.
If it is assumed that ground-water outflow from the area could be reduced, without untoward consequences, to a point that it equaled ground-water inflow to the area, a much greater amount of ground water could be withdrawn each year without eventually exhausting the supply. The average annual total recharge (natural in addition to artificial) that occurs by means other than ground-water inflow then would be the factor limiting the amount of ground water that could be withdrawn each year. In the part of the area where precipi tation alone accounts for most of the recharge, the anrual increment is estimated to average about 1 inch of water, or about 1,900 acre-feet
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 33
per township per year. If 10 percent of the pumped water vere to return to the zone of saturation, then about 2,100 acre-feet per town ship per year could be pumped. At the average rate of pumping by irrigation wells in 1952, the 2,100 acre-feet would be sufficient for about 18 irrigation wells per township. In and within a fow miles of the Tri-County irrigation project, the added recharge frcrci the applied irrigation water probably would increase the possible annual withdrawal to about 3,000 acre-feet per township, or enough for about 26 irrigation wells per township. A similarly large annual withdrawal of ground water probably would be possible in the town ships bordering the east side of the large sand-dune area in Hayes and Lincoln Counties, because natural recharge within the sand-dune area is greater than elsewhere and withdrawals in that are?, itself are not likely to be great.
Altogether, about 1,200,000 acres of land in the report area is classed as irrigable. The estimated potential annual yield of ground water, based on the rate of recharge within the area, would be sufficient for applying about 1 foot of irrigation water per year to all this land. Unfortunately, however, the irrigable land is con centrated within about one-fourth of the area, whereas the water supply sufficient for irrigation wells underlies a much larger part of the area about four-fifths. It is unlikely, therefore, that much more than about one-tenth of the irrigable land can be irrigated on a sustained basis with water pumped from wells, and then only if the irrigated tracts are distributed rather uniformly throughout the area of irrigable land.
CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE GROUND WATER
By ROBERT BKENNAN
This section of the report defines the chemical characteristics of the ground water and rates the suitability of the water for domestic use and irrigation. It is based principally on the study of th?, anal yses of 44 ground-water samples collected in 1945-49, 10 ground- water samples collected in 1952, and 14 surface-water samples (See tables 1 and 2 and fig. 9.) The samples represent water used for domestic purposes, livestock, public supply, and irrigation.
PHYSICAL, AND CHEMICAL, RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WATER
All the ground-water samples were collected from wells that tap either the Ogallala formation or the deposits of Quaternary age. The analytical results show that the water from the Ogallala forma tion is similar in mineral concentration to the water from the Quaternary deposits and that water from both is of the calcium bicarbonate type.
TA
BL
E
1. C
hem
ical
an
aly
ses
of
grou
nd w
ater
in
the
Pla
tte-
Rep
ub
lica
n w
ater
shed
and t
he L
ittl
e B
lue
Riv
er b
asi
n a
bove
Angus,
Neb
r.
[To,
Oga
llala
for
mat
ion;
Qd,
Qua
tern
ary
depo
sits
. R
esul
ts in
par
ts p
er m
illio
n ex
cept
as
indi
cate
d]
CO
Wel
lWater-bea
ring formation
£ £
Depth
of
well land
surface
c .2 g 1
"3 'a
Q
ft* °^ Temperature
0 CO 53
-, Total
iron
(Ft
a 0 "as
O
s< 2 Magnesium (
Sodium
(Na)
_^ Potassium
(K
O
0 ffi Bicarbonate (
^ O Carbonate (C
Sulfate
(SO4)Chlorid
e (Cl
)Fluorid
e (F)0
1
6 I
45 '«
Dissolved
soli (residu
e on evaporati
on 180°
C)
Har
dnes
sas
CaC
Ch
Calcium, magnesiu
m
ll
R Percent
sodiu
t a <L*
00
Specific condt (mioromh
os 25°
C)
W
S3
O d * 0 1M
M
"3,
S3
Ada
ms
Cou
nty
6-10-33dd. ------
12-2
7aa.
..--
_.7- 9-8bc
ll-1
2ac
-----
12-24CC-------
8-12
-34b
cL--
-_-
Qd
QdQd
Qd
Qd
Qd
"126"
195
"145
"
130
6-22
-49
6-11-48
6-17-47
6-22-49
8- 1
-49
6-12-48
55
56 56
59 55 57
42
32 29
31
22 35
1.4 .06
.04
.02
.02
.04
98
28 51
42
41 44
15 1.7
9.6
5.3
4.5
6.5
53
15 14
13
17 22
7.2
4.0
10 6.0
6.4
2.4
236
125
171
176
186
207
0 0 9 0 0 0
38 4.0
30 9.0
14 4.0
40 2.7
9.2
5.4
2.0
4.2
0.4 .5 .3
.2
.2 .2
167 3.3
12 8.8
1.5
5.6
0.13
.0
3.1
9 .2
0 .2
0.11
675
166
245
228
208
238
306 77 167
127
121
136
112 0 11 0 0 0
27
28 15
17
22 26
876
277
388
331
332
345
8. 7, 8.
6.
7. 7
Daw
son
Cou
nty
9-22-29dc.... .
23-32da.. ..
.25
-31c
dl--
---
To
ToTo
218
6-23
-49
6-23-49
5- 6-4
9
56 57 58
40 46 57
0.56 .02
.02
134 94 68
21 20 15
18 35 3.4
7.6
8.4
10
258
203
284
15 0
218
182 10
24 24 4.0
0.3 .2 .3
3.0
2.2
9.7
0.17 .20
.30
650
580
342
421
317
231
203
126 0
8 19 3
881
724
478
8 ?,
8 6
7 3
Fra
nklin
Cou
nty
4-1
3-2
4ad
L _
__
15
-5d
c2~
-~ ~
.
To
To
To
150
288
168
6- 9
-48
6-10
-48
6-11
-48
56 56 56
41 29 32
0.04 .10
.06
90 98 91
12 13 12
16 18 20
3.2
6.0
2.4
289
280
302
0 0 0
66 102 62
12 11 10
0.1 .2 .2
1.2
3.0
4.9
0.07 .09
.09
397
458
389
274
298
276
37 68 28
11 11 13
571
628
578
7, 7. 7.
Fro
ntie
r C
ount
y
5-27
-14b
b...
....
7-30
-29b
d-..
._..
8-24
-15d
b2.-
-.-.
ToTo
To
243
237
207
9-24
-52
9-23-52
5- 6
-49
61 58 56
50 11 46
0.82
24.0
5
53 4118 13 16
9.9
9.0 2.
11 10 8
258
167
327
0 0 0
18 22 7.2
4.0
9.0
1.0
0.7 .9 .0
7.5
25 15
0.05 .05
.06
306
247
369
204
156
283
0 19 15
9 10 2
444
371
537
7."
7.(
7 -1
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 35
COOOCOt--' oo" oo" t-'
§ 010500 T- i O O
oowoo oi o» co co'
aa^'s
CSO500O5
Cb ci, CO CO
MOOJ coS SSS
05g O
Ml Ml 3
?>O5 O N-H M
sg
S IN CO U5 1C
SJJ
'B'a
oo
rHcici.cocO'iotici.cici.otici.oti
O9OCOCOOOCOOO COOOt~O^ So o t~ co t~ i>- ft ui ^eomo
<y<y<y<y<y<y<y<y<y <y<y<y<y
CO
CC"4<>0 CO CO -4<CO
t~t~t~t~t~t~r»t~oor»r»oot~r-
i
t- i co TI< m OJ eg in co 10 co co i
>ooi
S QOO M" cceoco
§§|§§§§iii§i g
8
>r-<r4r4 r* 00 "5
«coco 'Jgoo 'wg'J
o .
OT(I lOoOiH OOO OOCOOO M) OO' CO t>T t»' O5* in 00' i-H O5* CO* CO* CO' TP
CO O t
ooooooooooocooo
g _
a c5ioco§oS«eScococoN8Sco 0
a= ^ OOT)<TI<COCO COT!<OOOO
O5
s?g '
TAB
LE 1
. C
hem
ical
ana
lyse
s of
gro
und
wat
er i
n th
e P
latt
e-R
epub
lica
n w
ater
shed
and
the
Lit
tle
Blu
e R
iver
bas
in a
bove
An
gu
s, N
ebr.
Con
.[T
o, O
galla
la f
orm
atio
n, Q
d, Q
uate
rnar
y de
posi
ts.
Res
ults
in
part
s pe
r m
illio
n ex
cept
as
indi
cate
d]
Wel
lWater-bea
ring formation
_o"S
J3S>
Depth
of
well land
surface
H Date
of
police
£" °^ Temperature
Silica
(SiOu)
, Total
iron
(F<a O i
"So
2 Magnesium (
Sodium
(Na)
_ Potassium
(K
^ O o n Bicarbonate (
_, O Carbonate
(CO
S5 1 02
Chloride
(Cl)
Fluoride
(F)
Nitrate
(NO3
o
T3 Dissolved
soli (residu
e on evaporati
on 180*0)
Har
dnes
sas
CaC
Os
Calcium, magnesiu
m
Noncar- bonat
e
B a 1 1
9,,
O O
S
Specific
condi (micro
mhos 25°
C)
H
Nuc
kolls
Cou
nty
3-7-6dd... _ ..
..4-
S-30
aa._
....
..To
To
77 200
9-25-52
6- 8
-48
55 5833 48
7.5 .08
83 8415 10
17 163.
03.2
337
294
0 010 22
15 290.2 .4
0.7
2.1
0.04 .05
370
391
267
263
0 2212 12
560
552
7 7
Per
kins
Cou
nty
11-3
6-lc
c.. .
......
To
212
9-23
-52
481.0
5315
6.4
1322
70
1018
0.3
2.6
0.05
290
194
86
423
7 8
Ph
elp
s C
ount
y
5-19
-28d
d...
....
6-18
-33b
d2_.
,.__
19-2
0bc2
_.,_
__7-
17-«ac... .
.....
18-3
5ab.
....
..19
-12b
b-.,
._.
16ba
....
..20
-31c
al..
....
.8-
19-24dc. ......
Qd
Qd Qd
Qd
QdQd
QdQdQd
190
182
254
"123"
~~13
3~
256
6-12-48
6-16-47
6-16-47
6-23-49
8-15
-49
9-16-49
9-16-49
6-16-47
8- 1
-49
57 55 51 55
55 56
56 51 55
55 34 43 38
36 38
42 44 34
0.05 .04
.04
.02
.03
1.8
3.6 .16
.02
78 82 76 72
94 54
100 82 88
14 13 11 11
13 16
15 14 14
118 7
9.6
22 19
155
24
41'6
6 10 6.0
8.0
9.2
9.6
285
262
248
272
268
219
350
285
238
0 9 9 0 20 0 0 0 0
20 28 16 24 84 46
50 23 119
6.0
5.9
4.7
8.0
6.6
13
11 5.5
19
0.1 .2 .1 .4
. .3 .3
.2 .2 .5
16 10 12 8.8
5.0 .5
1.5
10 7.6
0.07 .09
.07
.30
.17
.20
.20
.15
.15
346
335
301
326
439
318
478
344
452
252
258
235
225
288
201
311
262
277
18 28 17 2 35 21
24 28 82
9 7 6 8 14 16 9 4 15
4Qn
500
467
479
643
519
752
523
657
7 4
8,3
8.3
8.0
8 6
7.9
7 3
7 8
7.6
Web
ster
Cou
nty
2-10-4ac... . ..
3-ll-18ba__-...
4-10-4dcl. ......
Il-18aa2......
Qd
Qd
To Qd
58 212
196
155
5- 5
-49
6-22-49
6- 9-4
86-10-48
60 56 56 55
30 42 53 40
0.12 .20
.06
.05
52 87 105 84
11 11 13 11
8.2
14 14 16
2.4
4.4
4.0
3.6
188
284
319
280
0 0 0 0
6.4
49 30 40
9.0
14 30 17
0.1 .1 .0 .2
19 3.7
9.8
1.8
0.06 .30
.16
.06
252
376
435
354
175
263
315
255
21 30 53 25
9 10 9 12
387
529
622
527
7.2
7 9
7 8
7 4
CO
Ci
TA
BL
E 2
. C
hem
ical
ana
lyse
s of
wat
er i
n J
oh
nso
n R
eser
voir
nea
r L
exin
gto
n,
Neb
r.
[Res
ults
in p
arts
per
mill
ion
exce
pt a
s in
dica
ted]
Date
of collection
1950
Jan.
19..... ..
....
....
.
Sept
. 28-- ..
....
Oct. 31........... ..
....
. .
1951
Jan. 15.
-.-.
..
... .
.. ..
.
July 6..
.. ..
.
Sept
. 27
---.
. ..
. .... -
Dec. 4.. ..
............
.
1952
Fe
b. 29.
....
....
....
....
..
Reservoir storag
e (acre-ft)
43,4
35
42,060
39,585
44,935
47, 9
35
43,6
85
Temperature
(°
F) 35 74
63
57 36 71
65
58
38 35 74 69
Silica
(SiOa) 30
24
22
25
23 24
1 0.01
.0
2 .0
2 .0
2 .0
4
.10
Calcium
(Ca) 73 79
60
53
58 73
| *S5 o> 1 22
26
18
16
16 20
Sodium
(Na)
Potassium (K)
97
95
73 78
79 96
77 64 AQ
Bicarbonate
(HCOa)
238
198
203
191
212
228
217
202
196
214
225
240
209
208
Carbonate
(QOs) OOO
OOOOO
O
OGDOO
O
Sulfate
(SO4) 240
293
174
159
171
237
215
163
177
215
221
239
280
184
Chloride
(Cl) 25
29
22
20
22 25 24
19
21
Fluoride
(F)
0.5 .4
.4
.5
.4 .6
Nitrate
(NO3) 1.1
1.4
2.3
1.1 .8 1.6
n I 0.38
.10
.20
.25
.20
.10
Diss
olve
d so
lids
Residue on
evaporation at
180°
C 620
676
485
470
478
614
Tons per acre-foo
t
0.84
.92
.66
.64
.65
.84
Hardness as
CaCO
s
Calcium, magnesiu
m
273
304
224
196
212
264
254
214
222
247
257
284
294
210
Noncarbonate 78
142 58
26
38 77 76
48
61 72
72 87
123 39
Percent
sodium 44
40
41
46
45 44 38
38
40
-j---- 40
Specific
conductance (micromh
os at 25°
C) 894
923
717
690
722
868
832
709
729
831
857
913
957
763
a 7.8
7.8
8.0
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.9
7.7
8.0
7.9
8.1
00
CO
00
EX
PL
AN
AT
ION
G
roun
d-w
ater
sam
ple
Ken
esaw
g
| Ju
nia
ta_ H
AST
ING
S '
FIG
UR
E 9
. L
ocati
on o
f qual
ity-o
f-w
ater
sam
pli
ng p
oin
ts.
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 39
The total concentration of dissolved salts, in equivalents per million (epm), in the ground water is low when compared with that in ground water from most parts of the Great Plains. The to^al con centrations ranged from about 5 to 19 epm. The relation? of the concentrations of the principal ions to the total ionic concentration are shown in figure 10. Also shown are the relations of the con-
Calcium and magnesium\
oLU
2
in"
2Sodium and pot
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 TOTAL CONCENTRATION, IN EQUIVALENTS PER MILLION
Carbonate and bicarbona te
\ ' *f^ ^fs-Zf* !.
6 8 10 12 14TOTAL CONCENTRATION, IN EQUIVALENTS PER MILLION
BFIGURE 10. Relations of cations and anions to total ionic concentration.
40 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
centrations of principal ions to each other; however, the concentra tions of ions that undergo similar reactions in water solutions have been added together.
The curves in figure WA indicate that the concentrations of calcium and magnesium increase substantially, whereas those of sodium and potassium increase only slightly as the total concentration increases. The curves in figure WB indicate that the concentrations of car bonate and bicarbonate and of sulfate increase as the total con centration increases. The concentration of calcium and magnesium predominates over that of sodium and potassium, and the concen tration of carbonate and bicarbonate predominates over that of sulfate. The concentration of sulfate is relatively lov* if the total concentration is less than about 12 epm but increases rapidly if the total concentration is more than about 12 epm. For a total con centration of less than about 12 epm, the similarity in slope and position between the line representing calcium and magnesium and the line representing carbonate and bicarbonate indicates that the constituent pairs are present in nearly equivalent concentrations. The unusually low concentration of sulfate in relatior to the total concentration in water from well 6-10-33dd is accompanied by an unusually high concentration of nitrate.
Analyses of ground-water samples that have a total concentration of more than about 14 epm probably reflect the effect of reservoir seepage and the application of surface water during irrigation. Ground water iii certain parts of the report area downgradient from storage reservoirs and canals is similar in chemical composition to water in the reservoirs. For example, concentrations of sulfate are relatively high in water from wells 9-22-29dc and 9-23-32da and in water from Johnson Reservoir. (See tables 1 and 2.) The chemical composition of the water in Johnson Reservoir represents reasonably well the chemical composition of the water in all the storage reser voirs and in the distribution canals.
The hardness of the ground water differs from place to place in the area. Water having a hardness of less than 150 ppm underlies northeastern Kearney County and northwestern Adams County. One analysis indicates that the water underlying south-c-entral Keith County also has a hardness of less than 150 ppm. Wrter having a hardness of 151 to 250 ppm underlies most of the southwestern half of the area. Water having a hardness of more than 250 ppm under lies a relatively narrow strip that extends from southern Dawson County to northeastern Nuckolls County and southwestern Clay County. (See fig. 11.)
Because most of the hardness of the water is caused by calcium and magnesium, the relation of hardness to total concentration of
EX
PL
AN
AT
ION
10 l_10
Res
trvt
rir
Fio
na ll
.-M
ap
of t
he P
latt
e-R
epub
lica
n R
iver
s w
ater
shed
and
Lit
tle
Blu
e R
iver
ba
sin
abov
e A
ngus
, N
ebr.
, sh
owin
g zo
nes
of h
ardn
ess
ofgr
ound
wat
er i
n th
e Q
uate
rnar
y an
d T
erti
ary
dep
osit
s.
B ja o
o tr1 E tr1
42 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
dissolved salts is similar to the relation of calcium and magnesium to total concentration (fig. 10A). Generally, the hariness of the water in the report area is almost directly proportional to the min eralization of the water. The water that is the most mineralized and hardest underlies much of, or is downgradient from, the undissected upland surface; the higher mineralization may be caused by recharge that becomes more mineralized while infiltrating thick deposits of loess before reaching the water table, or it may be cr.used by the infiltration of the relatively highly mineralized surface water used for power development and irrigation.
USABILITY OF THE WATER
DOMESTIC PURPOSES
The United States Public Health Service (1946) has suggested or prescribed maximum concentrations of various mineral constituents in drinking water supplied for use on interstate carriers. Some of these limits are given below so that comparisons can b^ made with the results of analyses of ground water in table 1.
Suggested maximum Constituent concentration (ppm)
Iron and manganese together. ________________________ 0. 3Magnesium. ______-_--___-___-___-_______-_-.-_-_--- 125Sulf ate ______________________________. . - -____--_-___ 250Chloride.....___...._.______________.______.___.____ 250Fluoride_.--_-.-__________-_-_-_-_--__.__-_____-_- 1. 5Total solids.___.____._...-_-___-_-_-____-____._-.___ b 500
Mandatory.b 1,000 ppm permitted if water of better quality is not available.
The concentrations of iron exceeded the limits in 14 of 52 samples. Iron in high concentrations is objectionable because it imparts an unpleasant taste to the water and stains fabrics, utensils, and fix tures. The concentrations of magnesium, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride in all the ground-water samples were well within the limits. In only 4 of 52 samples did the concentration of dissolved solids exceed 500 ppm, and in none was it more than 700 pp*n.
Hardness is caused almost entirely by calcium and mr.gnesium and generally is expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCOs). Hard water is objectionable in washing processes because, in combination with soap, it produces an insoluble curd and because it necessitates,the use of large quantities of soap to produce a lather. Hard water is objectionable also because it forms scale in boilers, water heaters, radiators, and pipes; the scale results in a loss in teat transfer, failure of boilers, and loss of flow. Some calcium bicarbonate in water is beneficial, however, because it makes the water less corrosive, and where its concentration is within certain limits or is controlled
GROUND WATER, OGALLALA FORMATION, QUATERNARY DEPOSES 43
it can form a protective coating in pipes and other equipment. No specific limits for hardness of water have been established, but the following are generally recognized:
Hardness (ppm) Rating Usability
Less than 60____ Soft. _____________ Suitable for many uses without fur ther softening.
61-120_________ Moderately hard___ Usable except in some industrial ap plications. Softening profitable for laundries.
121-200_ _______ Hard-____________ Softening required by laundries andsome other industries.
More than 200__ Very hard-________ Requires softening for most purposes.
According to the above criteria, the ground water in th<?. report area is hard or very hard.
IRRIGATION
Water used for irrigation should meet the following requirements: The concentration of dissolved salts should be low; the percent sodium (the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of sodium to the prin cipal cations calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium all con centrations expressed in equivalents per million) should be low; toxic elements, such as boron, should not exceed certain limits; and the concentration of bicarbonate should not be greatly in excess of the concentrations of calcium and magnesium. Evaluation of the analyses in table 1 indicates that the water in the report arep is very suitable for irrigation.
High concentrations of dissolved salts in irrigation water can lead to the buildup of high levels of salinity in the soil, especially if drainage is poor. Water having a specific conductance of b,ss than 750 micromhos is considered to have a low or medium salinity hazard (U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954). Because most of tH water in the report area has a specific conductance of less than 750 mi cromhos, a buildup of high levels of salinity in the soil is not likely.
Calcium and magnesium ions fixed on soil particles aid in main taining a good condition of permeability and tilth in the soil. Sodium ions, if present in disproportionately high concentrations in the soil solution, can replace the calcium and magnesium on the soil particles and can cause a dispersion of the fine soil particles; the dispersion can, in turn, cause a deterioration of the soil permeability and tilth. The percent sodium of the water can be used as an index of the sodium (alkali) hazard. According to a diagram by Wilcox (1948), the sodium hazard involved in the use of water is small when the percent sodium is less than about 50. The maximum percent sodium calculated for water in the area was 28.
44 GROUND WATER, PL ATTE-REPUBLIC AN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Boron is toxic to plants when present in excess of certain limits, but, according to Scofield (1936), even boron-sensitive crops can tolerate up to 0.33 ppm of boron in irrigation water. The boron concentrations in the ground water from the report area were less than 0.33 ppm.
Bicarbonate concentrations greatly in excess of calcium and mag nesium concentrations in irrigation water may resoh in residual sodium carbonate in the soil and cause soil to attain a high pH and to become gray or black, owing to the solution of organic matter. Such a soil condition is known as "black alkali." Although the con centrations of bicarbonate exceed the concentrations of calcium and magnesium in about one third of the samples, they do so by only a small amount. The maximum excess in the samples was 0.65 epm. Wilcox, Blair, and Bower (1954) concluded that when the concen tration of bicarbonate exceeds the concentration of calcium and magnesium by less than 1.25 epm, the water probably will not cause black-alkali conditions.
CONCLUSION
Nearly all the irrigable land in the area described by this report is underlain by an aquifer that is sufficiently thick and permeable and is close enough to the land surface for irrigation from wells to be feasible. However, because recharge to the aquifer is limited, so too is the amount of water that can be withdrawn without causing a progressive water-table decline. The total natural recharge within the report area is estimated at 600,000 acre-feet per year. To this must be added recharge from irrigation canals and reservoirs and irrigated land about 500,000 acre-feet per year, and inf ow of ground water into the area, estimated at 80,000 acre-feet per year. No definite evidence indicates that present pumping exceeds, or is close to exceeding, the capacity of the water-bearing material to yield on a sustained basis.
Within the area of irrigable land as a whole, the number of ir rigation wells or other large-discharge wells could be quadrupled before withdrawals ^would equal recharge. However, unless the wells were distributed fairly uniformly throughout the irrigable area, the water-table decline would be excessive in the local areas of concentrated withdrawals. It is estimated that natural recharge will be exceeded and the water table will decline progressively if annual withdrawals are greater than about 3,000 acre-feet per town ship within or close to the Tri-County irrigation project or about 2,100 acre-feet per township at a distance from the project.
Outside the area of irrigable land, except where the saturated sand and gravel is too thin to sustain large yields, at le^st 1,900 acre- feet per township could be withdrawn each year without exceeding
CONCLUSION 45
natural recharge. However, as the pumping of water from wells is a means of intercepting ground water that eventually would be discharged naturally at some other place, the base flow of streams drawing ground water from the area would be decreased. If with drawals by pumping were increased so that they equaled all recharge, both natural and artificial, occurring within the area, the natural discharge of ground water from the area would decrease to fvn amount equal to ground-water flow into the area, or about 80,OOC acre-feet per year.
Chemically, the ground water is suitable for irrigation. The water is suitable for uomestic use and probably for most industrial uses, except that it is hard or very hard and, in places, has a high iron content.
REFERENCES CITED
Bjorklund, L. J., and Brown, K. F., 1957, Geology and ground-wator resourcesof the lower South Platte Kiver valley between Hardin, Colo., and Paxton,Nebr.: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1378.
Bradley, Edward, and Johnson, C. R., 1957, Ground-water resources of theLadder Creek area in Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 126.
Cady, R. C,, and Scherer, O. J., 1946, Geology and ground-water resources ofBox Butte County, Nebr.: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 969.
Condra, G. E., and Reed, E. C., 1943, The geological section of Nebraska:Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull. 14.
1950, Correlation of the Pleistocene deposits of Nebraska: NebraskaGeol. Survey Bull. 15A.
Darton, N. H., 1898, Underground waters of a portion of southeaster Nebraska:U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 12.
Johnson, G. E., 1950, The stabilization of soil by the silt injection method forpreventing the settlement of hydraulic structures and the preventing of theleakage from canals: Paper presented at meeting of Nebraska IrrigationAssociation, Dec. 7-8, Hastings, Nebr. (mimeo.).
Lugn, A. L., and Wenzel, L. K., 1938, Geology and ground-water resources ofsouth-central Nebraska, with special reference to the Platte Piver valleybetween Chapman and Gothenburg: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper779.
Nettleton, E. S., 1892, Artesian and underflow investigation: U.S Cong., 1stsess., Senate Doc. 41, pt. 2, p. 19-34.
Scofield, C. S., 1936, The salinity of irrigation water: Smithsoniar Inst. Ann.Rept, 1935, p. 286.
Theis, C. F., 1937, Amount of ground-water recharge in the southern HighPlains: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 18th Ann. Mtg. and Regional Mtg.,pt. 2, p. 564-568.
U.S. Public Health Service, 1946, Drinking-water standards: U.S. Frolic HealthService Repts., v. 61, no. 11, p. 371-384.
U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954, Diagnosis and improvement of saline andalkali soil: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Agriculture Handb. 60.
Waite, H. A., Reed, E. C., and Jones, D. S., Jr., 1946, Ground water in theRepublican River basin in Nebraska: Nebraska Water Res. Survey Water- Supply Paper 1, pts. 1-4.
532176 O -60 -4
46 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Wenzel, L. K., and Waite, H. A., 1941, Ground water in Keith County, Nebr.: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 848.
Wilcox, L. V., 1948, The quality of water for irrigation use: U.S. Dept. Agri culture Tech. Bull. 962.
Wilcox, L. V., Blair, G. Y., and Bower, C. A., 1954, Effect of bicarbonate on suitability of water for irrigation: Soil Sci., v. 77, no. 4, p. 259-266.
BASIC DATA
As part of the State-Federal program of ground-water studies in Nebraska, 223 test holes have been drilled in the area de-scribed in this report. The materials brought to the surface were examined closely and descriptive logs were prepared. Because tl °, logs of these test holes have already been published, they are not reproduced in this report. Similarly, the logs of 41 wells and test hc^es drilled in the area by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Corps of Engineers, and commercial drillers have been published elsewhere and so are not included in this report. Table 3 gives the depth, the geologic formation in which drilling ended, the name of the driller, and the publication containing the log for each of the above- mentioned wells and test holes.
The logs of 11 commercially drilled wells and test holes, not previously published, are given in table 4.
Table 5 contains data pertaining to all the wells of large, discharge in the area and to selected wells of small discharge. Information on irrigation practices is also included.
The locations of all wells and test holes for which logs ar^ available are shown on plate 3, and the locations of all wells listed in table 5 are shown on plate 1.
47
48 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes
Driller: BR, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation; CE, U. S. Army Corps of Eigineers; UN, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska in cooperation with the U. S, Geological Survey.
Publication: BB, Bjorklund, L. J., and Brown, R. F. (1957); LW, Lugn, A. L., and Wenzel, L. K. (1938); Ml, Multilithed logs (obtainable from Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska); N, Nettleton, E. S. (1892); Tr, This report; WRJ, Waite,
*
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
\ /*
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication
contain ing log
Adams County
5-11- laa. .............24aa.. ............
12- 6bb... ...........6- 9- Idd.. ............
10- 6bb..............ll-24ad.. ............12- 6bb.. ............
19bb.. ............7- 9-24dd.. ............
10-18cc. .............11- laa..............
8-10-18cc.. ............11- 5d......... ......12-19bh. ...... ......
27aa.. ............
430320270350400300330360300310267270163230340
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do....... ...................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do...... ....................
..........(?) .........................
..........(?)..........................Niobrara....... ....................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
UNUN
MlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlLWMl
-Ml
Clay County
5-
6-
8- 6bb.. ............19bb. .............
8-19bc...... ........
330115430
..........do..........................Carlile. ............................
UNUNUN
MlMlMl
Dawson County
9-24-13dd.. ............25- 4cc... ...........
29aa... ...........31.................
10-25- 5dd. .............27bb...... ........
589630630220200570
Ogallala... ............ .. ... ................do....................................(?).........................
UNUNUN
UNUN
MlMlMlLWMlMl
Franklin County
1-16- 2ac.. ............6ad...... ........
2-13- 3bd. .............18aa..... .........24ad.... ..........
14- 2bc.... ..........7cc. .............
16bc..............23aa..............
15- laa..............Ibc.. ............
9717518915995
282190172121310261
Nl ob r* sr* 3. ( ? )..;..... ...do... ......................
..........do.........................
..........do.........................
..........do.........................
..........do.........................
.........Jdo...... ...................
..........do........................
..........(?).........................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
WRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJMlWRJWRJMlTr
BASIC DATA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes Continued
49
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication
containing log
Franklin County Continued
2-15-24bb.. ...........28bb... ..........
16-16cc.............19ba. ............31ba... ..........35dd.............
3-13-13dd... ..........15-24aa.. ...........
4-13-24a...... ........14- 6bb... ..........15-13dd....... ......
36dd...... .......
86154163120133150250330151350270270
...........do........................
...........do.........................
...........do.........................
........... do........ .......... .......
...........do.........................
....... ....(?)L... .....................
...........do.........................
....... ....do.......... ...............
UNUNUNUNUNBRUNUN
UNUNUN
WRJWRJWRJMlWRJWRJMlMlLWMlMlMl
Frontier County
5-25- 9bb.............29aa.............
26-24cd.. ...........24dcl... ........24dc2.... .......24dc3...........24dc4. ..........25ab.. ...........25bal..... ......25ba2.... .......25bb.. ...........
6-24-12aa... ..........25- 5dd.. ...........
7-24- lad.............25- 9bb.. ...........
28bb.. ...........8-24- Iba.. ...........
25- 6dd.... .........7aa.. ...........
20dc...... .......
110210
458788
1001009070
100115370320250600300310610210630530
...........do.........................
...........do.........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........(?).......................
...........do........................
...........do........................
UNUNBRBRBRBRBRBRBRBRBRUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
MlMlWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMl
Furnas County
4-21- 4ab.. ...........21dd.. ...........24dd... ..........
22-15aa.. ...........24aa... ..........
23- 2ad....... ......7aa... ..........
24- 2bc.... .........
4cc2. ..........20bc.. ...........
25- 4bb... ..........7bb.. ...........9dc.. ...........
18bb....... ......
260130185230
80230
71220
697749
24069
20089
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........do........................
...........(?).......................
...........(?).......................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
WRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJ
50 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes Continued
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication contain ing log
Gosper County
5-21-25aa.. ..........22-12ad.. ..........
25dd. ...........33ba..... .......
23- 7bb............24-25aa.. ..........
36dd... .........6-21- 7bb.... .......
19cc. ...........22ad...... ......
23-19cc.. ..........7-21- 6bb............
14bb............18cc.. ..........26bc.. ..........
22- 7...............23-30bb.. ..........
8-21-llcc.. ..........16dd.. ..........19bb.. ..........21cc... .........22aa............34ad...... ......
22- 7ac.. ..........
23-18cc. ...........
123310270230260180200450340470290530186600232335470
3860
70085
178208263
485.7
..........(?).........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................
..........(?).........................Ogallala.... ..................................(?)...................................(?)...................................(?).........................
Niobrara...... ....................
urUNurUKUNUKUKUNUNUNUN
UNWm. Wes*
UNE. T. Wallace
UNUNUN
Well Co. UN
NMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlNMlNLWMlNLWMlLWNNN
Ml
Hall County
9-ll-24da.... .........36da.............
300280 ..........do..........................
UNUN
MlMl
Harlan County
1-17- 2bb.. ...........2-17- laa... ........
Sad.............21cc...... .......
18- 8aa.. ...........9dd... ..........
16cc.. ...........19- Icb.............
24ba.. ...........3-17- laa.............
9cc. ............24aa.. ...........
18- 9bb.. ......... .29aa... ..........
19- 7cc.. ...........4-17- laa........... .
18c... ...........24aa.. ..........
18- 4ba.. ........
141300260160200180200200
39360280250290260190360265340437
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................Pierre(?>. .........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................Pierre..... ...................................(?).........................
Niobrara...........................
CFUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
UNUN
WRJMlWRJWRJMlWRJMlWRJWRJMlWRJMlWRJMlWRJMlLWMlMl
BASIC DATA 51
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes Continued
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publi cation
contain ing log
Harlan County Continued
4-18-17ad.. .............33bb........ .......
20- Ida...............25aa... ............
370 270 320 319
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
UN UN UN UN
Ml Ml Ml WRJ
Hayes County
5-32-25cc...............25cd.. .............
6-33- 9ab.. .............
139 140
355
..........(?)...........................
..........(?)...........................
..........(?)...........................
UN Ellithorpe and
Putman. Arthur W.
Haggard.
WRJTr
Tr
Hitchcock County
3-31- 4ba...... ........4-31- 6cb...... ........
18ab... ..........19ad.. ............19dd.... ..........29aa...... ........29abl.... ........29ab2.. ..........29ba..... ........29bb....... ......29dd.. ...........
85139135
99169181120135121155102
..........(?)..........................
..........(?)..........................
..........(?)..........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
.........x?)........... ................
UNUNUNUNBRBRBRBRBRBRUN
WRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJ
Kearney County
5-13-24aa.. ...........36dd..... ........
14- 6bb.............19bb...... .......
16- 6bb.............I9bb.. ...........
6-14- 7ca..... ........15- laa...... .......
13dd.. ...........16-20cc. ............
31a... ...........7-13-13dd.. ...........
14-18cc...... .......8-13-36dd.. ...........
14-Slcc.. ...........
240240340330280oen
265370310190
280450310350280
Ogallala...... .................................do...........................
..........do.................... ......
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................
..........do...........................Ogallala.............................
..........(?)..........................Ogallala.......... ..... .......................do...........................Pierre... ............................Pierre or Niobrara. .............
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
foundry.
UNUNUNUN
MlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlTr
LWMlMlMlMl
Keith County
12-36- 5bb... ..........18dd.. ...........
39- 2dd....... ......
450480400
Brule..... ...........................Ogallala......................................do..........................
UNUNUN
BBBBBB
52 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes Continued
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication contain ing log
Keith County Continued
12-39- 5da.. ..........
40- Bad............8dd.. ..........
41- 2bc.. ..........
2bd............3db............
13-37-29ab..... .......
38-18ab... .........30ba............33ca.. ..........
36aa...... ......
326
235390151
149166398
254390426
113
Ogallala................ ............
Brule(?) ...........................
Brule(?) ...........................
Ogallala(P). ..... ..................
Ogallala... .........................
Brule(?) ...........................
Ogallala............................
Putman.UNUN
Arthur W.Haggard.
....do............
....do...........
Putman. UNUN
Putman. UN
Tr
WWBBBB
BBBBTr
BBBBTr
WW
Nuckolls County
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-19bb. ...........8- Idd..... .......
6cc..... .......8-10bb............
13cb..... .......19bb............29cc.. ..........
8- 6bb...... ......19bb.. ..........
7-llaa..... .......30cd.. ..........35aa.. ..........
8-18cc............35dd.. ..........
100488060709052
180120110135160170150
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do.. .......................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
UNUN
John Alfs
WRJWRJMlWRJWRJMlWRJMlMlMlTrMlMlTr
Phelps County
5-17-17aa............18- 3bb... .........
22bb...... ......19-19bb... .........20- Ibb..... .......
6c. ............18cc............31cb... .........31cc............
6-17-13dd.. ..........18-15cc... .........
33bd.. ..........
19-23c... ..........20- 6ad.. ..........
6c.. ...........14dd.. ..........18bc.. ..........
7- 17-24aa.. ..........
210340400440475159125
94260340360187
770560250520226360
Ogallala.............................
..........do...........................
..........(?)..........................
..........(?)..........................
..........(?)..........................Pierre (?).............. ......................do.....................................do...........................Ogallala.............................
Pierre(?) ........................Ogallala(?) ......... ...............
!..........(?)..........................
UNUNUNUN
UNUNUN
Well Co.
UN
UN
UN
LWMlMlMlMlNNNMlMlMlTr
LWMlNMlNMl
BASIC DATA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes Continued
53
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication
contain ing log
Phelps County Continued
7-17-36dd.. .......18- 3bb.. .......
9ba... ......16dd.. .......33dd.. .......
19- 6da.. .......20-14ad.. .......
27bb.. .......35dd.. .......
8-18-2ldd... ......19-28da.. .......20-35aa.........
340330108260310420490500480290244.3420
..........do..........................
..........(?).........................
..........do..........................Pierre(?)..... .....................Ogallala......... ...................Pierre(?).. ............ ............
Ogallala(?) ............. ..........
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
MlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMlMl
Red Willow County
3-28- 5da... ......8bb... ......
29-28bc.. .......30-12dd.. .......
4-26- Idd.........6bc.........
12aa.. .......24dd... ......30ab.. .......36bb. ........
27-26ba.........26da.. .......
28-23dd.........3ldd.. .......32aa.. .......36cd.........
29- 6bd.. .......22ba.........25cc... ......25dc.. .......
30-13dc.. .......
696943
20055
22565
160366999599978
28074
119899959
320
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................Ogallala(?) ... ..............................do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
WRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJ
Webster County
1-10- labl.. ......Iab2........Idc.. .......
2- 5-14ca.. .......9- laa.. .......
20ca.. .......21bb.. .......24cc.........24db.. .......26cc.........36dd.. .......
10-15ba.. .......16bb.. .......26bb... ......
11- lab.........
4060266850
123357670
1279097
105195260
..........(?)..........................
..........do..........................
Carlile(?) ........ .................
Carlile(?) ........ ...........................do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
WRJWRJWRJWRJMlWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJMlWRJWRJWRJMl
54 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Table 3. Summary of logs of wells and test holes- Continued
Well or test hole
Depth (feet)
Geologic unit in which drilling ended
Driller
Publication Containing log
Webster County Continued
2- 11-llaa.......13dc.......20ba.......
12- lad.......Sad.......
22ba. ......26bc. ......
3-10-27ab.......28ab.......29aa.......
ll-24aa.......4- 9- laa.......
10- 3c........4db.......
11- laa.......24aa.......36dd.......
12-18cc.......31cc.......
19514030
210181135
16105
70100170200196218
200150145180200
Niobrara..........do...................................do.........................
..........do.........................
..........do.........................
..........do.........................
..........(?)-........ ................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
..........do..........................
UNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUNUN
ern Co.UNUNUNUNUN
WRJMlWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJWRJMlMlLWTr
MlMlMlMlMl
BASIC DATA
Table 4. Logs of wells and test holes
55
Type of material Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
2-15-lbc
[Driller's log of irrigation well in Franklin County; drilled in 1947 by John Alfs of Shickley, Nebr., for John C. Blank. Depth to water, 174ft]
Topsoil.................. .................................. .............................Clay.....................................................................................Sand......... ......... ....................................... .......... ................Clay......................................................................................
Sand......................................................................................Clay......................................................................................
Sand, fine.............................. ................................................Clay.....................................................................................
Clay......................................................................................
Clay......................................................................................Sand and gravel.......................................................................
2281619271618123592
369
108
14
230466592108126138173182184220229239247261
5-32-25cd
[Driller's log of test hole in Hayes County; drilled in 1947 by Ellithorpe and Futman, Ogallala, Nebr. Depth to water, 41.8ft]
Topsoil and light clay..............................................................
Clay, soft.............................................................................
Gravel, coarse.................................................... ..................
Sand, medium to coarse............ ..............................................
Sand and gravel.............. ............ ...........................................
Sand, fine to medium, with some clay.................... ....................
105
114
2625575537
1510
3755
10152630565863687580858895
110120123130135140
6-33-9ab
[Driller's log of test hole in Hayes County; drilled in 1951 by Arthur W. Haggard of Ogallala, Nebr., for Tyre Nelson. Depth to water, 228ft]
Soil......................................................................................Soil......................................................................................Clay....................................................................................Clay, white, clastic................................................................Clay, brown, hard.......................................................... .... ...
12
Q 1^
235207
2310
13
98100135155162185195
56 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
Table 4. Logs of wells and test holes Continued
Type of material Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
6-33-9ab Continued
Gravel, fine to coarse...........................................Limestone, brown, with thin partings of gravel.........Sandstone, gray...................................................Gravel, fine to medium.........................................Sand, gray..........................................................Limestone, hard..................................................Limestone, brown; thin streaks of gravel.................Limestone, white.................................................Clay with streaks of gravel....... .............................Gravel, coarse, clean..........................................Limestone, brown................................................Limestone, white and brown, with thin sandy streaks.
20101211
54
1717
182035
215225237248253257274275282300320355
6-16-20cc
[Driller's log of irrigation well in Kearney County; drilled in 1949 by Kearney Foundry of Kearney, Nebr., for Leo F. Fishell. Depth to water, 89ft]
Topsoil..........Clay.............Sand.............Clay..............Sand..............Clay..............Clay and sand. Gravel, clean.
124
73
27173576
12532356279
114190
12-39-5da
[Driller's log of irrigation well in Keith County; drilled in 1950 by Ellithorpe and Putman of Ogallala, Nebr., for Krajewske Bros. Depth to water, 240 ft]
Topsoil.............................................Clay, tan..........................................Clay with layers of magnesia................Clay, buff............................ .............Sandstone with some free gravel...........Magnesia..........................................Clay, sandy, with layers of magnesia....Gravel with some clay.........................Gravel..............................................Clay.................................................Clay, sandy, with some gravel.............Gravel, cemented...............................Clay with cemented gravel...................Gravel.............................................Clay with cemented gravel...................Gravel.............................................Clay with gravel. Hard layer at 167 ft.,. Gravel, some clay..............................Clay, calcareous, with some gravel......Clay with layers of limestone...............Gravel..............................................Clay with layers of magnesia................Gravel..............................................Clay, sandy.......................................Gravel............................. ................Clay with streaks of gravel..................
6333
153
10102010201040343
101010107
2623
195
69
1215303343537383103113153156160163173183193203210236238241260265
BASIC DATA
Table 4. Logs of wells and test holes Continued
57
Type of materialThicknes'
(feet)Depth (feet)
12-39-5da Continued
Clay....................................Clay with streaks of magnesia. Gravel.................................Clay with streaks of magnesia. Magnesia with layers of clay... Clay, sandy......... .. ..............
715
A
151010
272287291306316326
13-37-29ab
[Driller's log of test hole in Keith County; drilled in 1948 by Ellithorpe and Putman of Ogallala, Nebr., for R. Nelson. Depth to water, 217ft]
Topsoil...........................................................................Sand, coarse, and gravel...................................................Clay, brown................................. ..................................Sandstone....... ................................................................Sandstone, medium hard....................................................Clay, brown and white.......................................................Gravel, fine to coarse, and brown clay................................Clay, brown....................................................................Sand, coarse in streaks....................................................Clay, brown....................................................................Sand, coarse, and gravel...................................................Clay, brown and white, with layers of limestone....................Gravel, coarse, with brown clay and medium hard limestone... Clay, brown, with medium hard white limestone....................Clay, brown and white, hard..............................................Gravel, coarse, and white clay...........................................Gravel, coarse to fine, with trace of clay.............................Clay, brown with gravel streaks.........................................Clay, brown....................................................................Limestone with hard clay layers.........................................Sand, fine, and some gravel and clay...................................Clay, brown, with some gravel..........................................Sand, coarse, and coarse gravel.........................................Clay, white, with sandstone, limestone, and streaks of gravel. Limestone, very hard.......................................................Clay, white, and hard limestone.........................................Sand, fine, and fine gravel.................................................Clay, white, some limestone.............................................Limestone, some white clay...............................................Limestone, very hard.......................................................Limestone, some white clay, gravel, and sand......................Clay, white, some gravel..................................................Limestone and white clay, medium hard...............................Limestone, hard..............................................................
7101111
A.
2017
5121714
97
128596
2015
45
4134
21213
415
242
1031
71728394363808597
114128137144156164169178184204219223228269303305317330334349351355357367398
13-39-33ca
[Driller's log of test hole in Keith County; drilled in 1948 by Ellithorpe and Putman of Ogallala, Nebr., for H. S. Shelburne. Depth to water, 209 ft]
Topsoil........Gravel.........Clay...........Limestone....Gravel.........Clay, hard..., Clay, yellow.
314
152014
6
394358789298
58 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHEF, NEBRASKA
Table 4. Logs of we//s and test holes Continued
Type of material Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
13-39-33ca Continued
Gyp rock...................................Sand, fine.................... .............Rock and clay.............................Gravel......................................Clay, hard..... ...........................Rock........................................Clay, soft.................................Gravel......................................Magnesia.................................Rock, hard................................Clay..................... ...................Limestone, soft.........................Limestone, hard........................Clay.........................................Gravel......................................Clay, brown, and sand................Limestone.................................Clay, brown..............................Limestone, hard........................Clay.........................................Limestone.................................Clay.........................................Sand and gravel..........................Clay.........................................Sand, coarse.............................Magnesia..................................Sand, cemented..........................Sand, medium............................Clay.........................................Magnesia....... ...........................Sand and gravel..........................Clay.........................................Sand, medium............................Clay.........................................Gravel, medium.........................Clay.........................................Limestone, soft.........................Clay, white...............................Clay, brown..............................Sandstone, soft..........................Clay, white...............................Sand, fine.................................Clay, brown..............................Sand, fine.................................Clay, sandy, white.....................Clay, brown..............................Sand, coarse, and medium gravel. Limestone and clay.....................Clay, brown, sandy....................Sand and gravel..........................Sand, fine to coarse...................Sand, medium to coarse..............Sand, coarse, and fine gravel.......Gravel, medium.........................Clay.........................................Limestone.................................Clay........................................Sand, coarse.............................Clay........................................
45
1036213
1233334
1211
19291
1412
321526157
1012
5952
1212
31518221655236
11.5
5.531
102107117120126128129132144147150153156160172183184193195204205219231234236237242244250251256263273285290299304306318330333334339340348350352353359364369371374380391391.5397400401
BASIC DATA
Table 4. Logs of wells and test holes Continued
59
Type of material Thickness (feet)
Depth (feet)
13-39-33ca Continued
Limestone........................................................................... 0.5 401.5Clay................................................................................... 1.5 403Sand, fine........................................................................... 2 405Clay................................................................................. 11 416Clay, magnesia.................................................................... 6 422Clay, hard, brown (Brule?).................................................... 4 426
4-7-30cd
[Driller's log of test hole in Nuckolls County; drilled by John Alfs of Shickley, Nebr., for Frank Karmazin. Depth to water, 75 ft]
Clay................................................................................... 100 100Rock, white...................................................................... 34 134Rock, hard.......................................................................... 1 135
4-8-35dd
[Driller's log of test hole in Nuckolls County; drilled by John Alfs of Shickley, Nebr., for Eugene F. McCarthy. Depth to water, 60 ft]
Clay and silt........................................................................ 149 149Rock, hard.......................................................................... 1 150
6-18-33bd
[Driller's log of public-supply well in Phelps County; drilled in 1947 by Cole-Carlson Well Co. of Loomis, Nebr., for city of Holdrege. Depth to water, 138ft]
Topsoil and clay................................................................... 30 30Sand with clay layers........................................................... 124 154Sand and gravel................................................................... 33 187
4-10-4db
[Driller's log of test hole in Webster County; drilled in 1934 by Layne-Western Co. of Omaha, Nebr., for village of Blue Hill. Depth to water, 106. 5 ft]
Topsoil, black.................................................................... 4 4Clay................................................................................. 42 46Clay with a little fine silty sand............................................. ' 68 114Clay and magnesia rock....................................................... 1 115Clay and fine silty sand........................................................ 16 131Sand, fine, with some clay................................................... 4 135Rock, magnesia.................................................................. .5 135.5Sand with clay balls and small boulders....... ........................... 20.5 156Clay................................................................................. 35 191Clay with some gravel and rock............................................. 2 193Shale................................................................................ 25 218
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pr
acti
ces
Wel
l n
um
ber
: S
ee t
ext
for
desc
rip
tio
n o
f w
ell-
num
ber
ing s
yst
em
. D
epth
of
wel
l:
Mea
sure
d d
epth
s are
giv
en i
n fe
et a
nd t
enth
s be
low
lan
dsu
rfac
e; r
eport
ed d
epth
s are
giv
en i
n f
eet
only
. T
ype
of c
asin
g:
C,
concr
ete;
M
, m
etal
; T
, ti
le;
W,
woo
d.
Type
of p
um
p:
C,
centr
ifugal
; C
y,
cyli
nder
; J,
je
t;
N,
none
; T
, tu
rbin
e.
Type
of p
ow
er:
D,
die
sel
fuel
; E
, ele
ctr
icit
y;
G,
gas
oli
ne;
H,
hand
; N
, none;
Ng,
natu
ral
gas
; P
, pro
pan
e or
bu
tan
e g
as;
T, tr
acto
r fu
el;
W,
win
d.
Geo
logic
sourc
e: Q
p,
Ple
isto
cene d
eposi
ts;
To,
O
gal
lala
fo
rmat
ion.
Type
of m
ate
rial:
C
, cl
ay;
G,
gra
vel
; S,
sa
nd
. M
easu
rin
g p
oin
t:
Ep,
lo
wer
edge
of d
isch
arg
e p
ipe;
H
b,
hole
in
pum
p b
ase;
He,
ho
le i
n c
asin
g;
Ls,
la
nd
surf
ace;
Tc,
to
p of
cas
ing;
Tp,
top o
f p
latf
orm
.
Dep
th t
o w
ater
: M
easu
red
dep
ths
are
giv
en i
n f
eet
and
hundre
dth
s;re
port
ed d
epth
s are
giv
en i
n f
eet
only
. U
se o
f w
ater
: D
, dom
esti
c;
I,
irri
gati
on;
N,
none
; O
, ob
serv
atio
n o
fw
ate
r-le
vel
fluct
uat
ions;
P
, publi
c su
pply
; R
, ra
ilro
ad;
S,
stock
. M
etho
d of
dis
trib
uti
ng
wat
er:
D,
dit
ch;
G,
gra
vit
y;
P,
gat
ed p
ipe;
S,
spri
nkle
r.P
rincip
al'cro
ps
irri
gate
d:
A,
alfa
lfa;
C
, co
rn;
G,
gra
ss o
r past
ure
. O
ther
cro
ps
irri
gate
d:
A,
alfa
lfa;
B
, su
gar
bee
ts;
By,
bar
ley
; C
, co
rn;
Cl,
cl
over
; G
, gra
ss o
r past
ure
; G
s,
gra
in s
org
hum
; M
, m
elo
ns;
O,
oat
s; P
, p
ota
toes
; S
, so
ybea
ns;
W
, w
hea
t.
Wel
lO
wn
er o
r use
rY
ear
dri
lled
*"7» <U V 'v C
f-4 o "5. Q
W) c r
H
Ul ni O '~
fc
0.8 «.§ <u "-
"B ni H Q
' casing o V P. H
In" V o C T
H K <u 0
Ul Cf-
4 o _£ bo C 0) J
a
S a 'o 0) a H
'aT O) o c ci. , 0) i diame
t c B 3 "o U
Ul 11 a Ul "S IH S If-\
' power o a H
'o O i '"
'
IH
rrtO
,2
IH
'OV
'
OJ
*J
5
te"8
"oIn o O
Aquif
er
0) c sourc bo o "o 0) 0
"rt : materi 0 K EH
Adam
s C
ounty
5-
9-
9d
c.. .
.....
20bc........
20rh
....
....
23bb
. .....
30d
.........
10-
Ibb
....
....
2aa........
lOcb
....
....
25db.......
Art
. P
ost.
.................. ................................. .
...
Car
l W
hit
e om
b....... .
..........................................
J.
F.
Sim
s.......................................................
Lest
er
Woods...................................................
Mrs
. N
etti
e K
ort
.......... ...................................
Alf
red F
r ohm
................ ..
............................
....
.
1946
1,94
819
4819
5219
4819
43
1947
1948
1948
142
178
190
174
174
16
4.0
178
209
172
18 18 18 18 24 18 18 18
M M M M M M M M M
Of? 48
T T T T T T T T T
>
R a
3 2
T T4
57
3 54
QP
QP
QP
QP
QP
QP QP
QP
QP
S,G
Sf~*
Sf~*
Sf~*
Sf~\
Sf~*
S,G
Sf-\
S.G
S- 09- O 9iIZ£S
O CO.a?
INS tOo o coo cr acr o o
ffi ffi cr cr
O1 h" CD
> o
CO CO^ ^ oo oo
co co co1^ ifr. !*»
co co -j
co ooo oo o
-400 01 O Oo o o
1
Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Measuring point
enSt-t> o3S- n n5T »
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre -feet)
Principal
Other
Crops irrigated
Available irrigable acres
19oisva
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
ctic
es C
ontin
ued
We
llO
wn
er
or
use
rY
ear
drille
d
'*£ <u £ l! 8 a S
60 B p
H 01 * .
0
01<
M
4)
0
J5
*
fiaj
2,
«> "
"
& (4 rH Q
bo
'w a> u "8 V a x
H
"w"
V u ^. creen 01 8
.g 'So S
a a s u a ^
u J3 U«
FH .mete
r
CO rH a B & _P "o U
01
V bo
a 01 "8 VH V 1 s
f-, V a
8 V a fr
0 ^ -
^1
01U
Fi
^
C8o
3fB
o
h 2.
« a
f-.
4)
11
8 "
8
to o U
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Adam
s C
ounty
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nued
5-1
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8bd.. ..
....
30bd........
11
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c........
2b
b..
......
20cb........
21ab..
....
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12-
6d
c..
....
..
25
bc..
....
..
6-
9-
4cb
.. ..
....
6c. .
.......
25b
b..
....
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bc.
. ......
10-
3dd.......
Sac..
....
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....
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3b
b..
....
..
Mr.
K
rabel.
..... .
.............................................
C.
A.
Sla
ter.
........................................
.........
L.
Gra
nd
sta
ff..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
John H
. S
tein
.................................................
Fre
d E
llerm
eie
r...... ..............................
....
....
1946
1947
1940
1949
1932
1946
1951
1912
(?)
1943
1940
1943
1950
1951
1943
1952
1948
208
175
170
151
160
184
180 90
.019
7
145
150
165
149
163
193
175
18 18 18 18 18 10 18 18 5i
18 18 14 18 18 18 18
M c M M M M M M M M M M M M M
48 40 48 65
T T T T T T T T N T T T T T T T T T
8 6 6 8
2 3 5 3
P T N P T T P G
1 09
4 24
3 C
O
270
Qp
Qp
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1
Description
Height above or be low (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
V
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W
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Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre -feet)
Principal
(
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Available irrigable acres
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(ft
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I"1! (ft
a
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source j?c_
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2.
Description
Height above or below (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Measuring point
55 S-o
ft 5"
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other<D enQ.
Available irrigable acres
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Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material
3: 1 I'
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ti
99
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
ctic
es C
ontin
ued
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
Description
Height
above or
below
(-)
land surfac
e (fee
t)
c Altitude
above mea
sea level
(feet
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
i s* Depth
below meast
ing
point
(feet
Date
of measurem
Drawdown
(feet)
w g 3 Reported
yield
(ga
per
minute)
Use
of
water
| t* a 0) t* ID O. <o in
u CIS ^~ ' a 0)
£H
fl)
t)
00 a s
Method
of
distribu water
rt 7"
*->
n!
Average
number o
irrigated ye
fl) ^ a)
tZ T
1
Consumptive use (
per
acre (acre-
Cro
ps
irri
gat
ed
Principal
s* fl) x: 6
0) h 0) Available irrigabl
Adam
s C
ou
nty
Co
nti
nu
ed
7- 9- 8b
c-..
..27cc.....
32ba
....
.10-
9ddl...
9dd2
....
9dd3
....
lOcb....,
15bb.....
16ac
....
.16
cc..
...
16dc.....
23ab
....
24aa
:...
.26
da..
..,
29cc
....
,33
ac..
..J
11-
3aa....,
3cb....,
Hb
Hb
Hb
HbHbHb
Tc
Hb
HbHb
Hb
HbHb
0.0 .0 1.0 .5 .0
3.0
1.0
1.5
1.0 .5 .5 .5 .0
1,891.31
1,91
2.71
1,948.95
1,95
7.55
1, 928 00
1,914.98
1,93
2.79
1,92
7.75
2,007.68
2,020.04
110
107.27
113.60
100
102.57
100
112.70
107.
15
113.70
100.96
103.
8011
5.00
86.06
05.0
0
105.72
112.19
Oct.
7,
1944
July
30,
1948
June
25
, 1948
Oct.
7, 1952
Oct.
22,
1948
Oct.
7, 19
52. .
..do.. ..
........ ..
....do..............
Oct.
22,
1948
Aug.
3, 1934
Aug.
10
, 1948
Nov.
24,
1947
Oct.
7,
1952
-\ug.
10,
1948
Aug.
13
, 19
48No
v.
17,
1947
9 15 12
1,000
1,400
1,000
1,000
375
375
700
300
400
1,00
0
900
P I I P P P I I I I I I I I I I I
720
99P,
S40
2.5
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Adams County Continued
(H
Owner or user
a
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source >
s-Type of material **
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n g
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^ n
Description
Height above or below (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Measuring point
V £- o'
£ n ire"
JD.
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
OtherCrops
irrigated
Available irrigable acres
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Adams County Continued
2-
i
cin (B
(T 1a
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of well (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source >
Type of material 4
Table 5. Record of wells and irrigation practices Continued
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~~~~
a p3to0O
anty Continued
(D
Description
Height above or below (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
§easuring
oo_3_'
So'
s-P n
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other"*' o
n tn Q.
Available irrigable acres
Uviva oisva
Tab
le 5
. R
eco
rd
of w
ells
and
irr
igat
ion
pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
edto
Wel
lO
wne
r or
use
rY
ear
dri
lled
^f-
0) "o £
"S.
0) Q
bo C IB cd o
3J!
JH
0
S cd r-t Q
' casing o 0) o. H
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0) o W "o £ M
C 0) J
a 3 a. 8 0) a H
0) o c , i diametei c j3 "o U
IB 0) bo CO Tn o (H 0) B 5
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LC source bo
o "o 0) O
r
jnaterial o 0) a H
Cla
y C
ou
nty
Co
nti
nu
ed
5- 7-20dc......
21ca.....
22db
....
.28bb.....
29ad
....
.
8- Ib
b...
..2a
a...
..3bb.....
6db.
....
6- 8-
7b
d...
..7d
a...
..
16cb.....
17bb.....
29ba
....
.30ab.....
32bb
....
.
Albe
rt J
. Skalka.... ...
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
H. an
d W. Fi
tzke
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.......
W. W. Kissinger.....................................
..
Esth
er B
ienhoff.......................................
..
1948
1949
1946
1950
1948
1936
1948
1951
1952
1949
1942
1951
1948
1947
1949
175
180
180
185
168 23.0
165
158
178
180
169
170
170
18 18 18 18 18
118 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
50 48
T T T T T N T T T T T T T T T T T T
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2 ? 2 ? 7 2 1 3 2
P P P E T E P E P P P P T T G
3.06
4.12
2.56
2.50
4.07
4.07
2.07
3.66
3.66
QpQp QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP QP
S, G
S, G
S, G
S,G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S,G
S,G
S, G
S, G
S, G
S, G
50
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ts a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oin
t
Description
5-
7-2
0d
c...
. 21ca
....
22
db
....
28bb....
29ad...
32ac
....
8
- Ib
b....,
2aa
....
3bb....
6db....
6-
8-
7bd....
7da.
...
See
....
16cb
....
17bK
...
29
ba.
...
30ab
....
32bb....
Hb
Hb
Hb
Hb
Hb
Tc
Hb
Tc
Hb
Hb
Tc
Hb
Hb
Hb
Hb
Tc
Height
above or
below
(-)
land surfac
e (fee
t)
0.5
.0
.5
.5
1.0
3.3 .0
.5
.5 .0
.0
.5
.0
.0 .0 .0
Altitude above mean
sea
level
(feet)
Sta
tic
wate
r le
vel
!H 3
W a ff
v
vS
.Jj
£ " "
JO
'Q
4) 'o
o a
S
MS-
sQ
Date
of
measurement
Drawdown
(feet)
Reported
yield (gallons
per
minute)
!H
V "5 8 0) w p
"Jo"
!H
| fcn a v >-> !H
0) a 0)
CO p
0)
!H
0 .£ !H
<ti
0) >>«-.
JH
dj
&£
cu cm
ai a.
1
Method
of
distributing
water
Average numbe
r of
acres irriga
ted yearly j
Consumptive use of
water
per
acre (acre-feet)
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
!H
01 a
Available irrigable acres
Cla
y C
ount
y C
on
tin
ued
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
95.4
4
80.4
9
80
.30
87.4
892.6
7
15
.89
91
94.0
3
96
.70
9
6.2
5
11
0.4
4
104.3
9
103.0
489.9
8
97
.74
96.8
2
97
92.5
5
Oct
. 21
, 19
52
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..
....
....
....
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
Dec
. 15
, 19
36
Oct
. 30
, 19
52
.....d
o..............
Oct
. 21
, 19
52
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
.....d
o..............
Oct
. 20
, 19
52
.....d
o..
....
....
....
.....d
o......;.
......
12
....
....
16
....
....
15
1,0
00
1,0
00
1, 1
00
1,0
00
1,0
00
1,0
00
900
1,0
00
1, 1
50
1,0
00
1,0
00
1,0
00
I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I
250
520
760
576
336
720
210
300
450
450
300
360
46
76
140
106 62 132 35 55
83 83 55
66
D
D,
S D
D
D G
D D
D G D
D
80
77
90
100 37 120 65 65
100 90 90
60
0.6
1
.0
1.5
1.
1
1.8
1. 1
.
5
.8
.8 .9 .6
1. 1
C
A
C
C
C C
C C
C C A
C,
G
A
A A
A A A
135
157
160
137 50
150
100 97
130
115 90
80
^ 00 CDaao Q. (D D.
co coI tOGO O
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Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material
a.
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Height above or below (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
§
easuririj
o 2.3
W5T o'
SiIBST <-i
It
I
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
( Other
ToIIQ.
Available irrigable acres
viva oisva
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f(B 1
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Is8(B i^ O.
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source >c5?
Type of material **
HD)er(0tn
?n
io
1 5*
1M.
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QNIIOHO
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
g 0. t, 0
03 (3
fc,
"O
0 §
1
£ 5
"SM
0)
3
5 j
a 03
K
B a ,-,
,
E1" 1u
0)a>
*_»>
-H
O
0)
rt
0)
T3
rt
3
u
4=
03
5
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
3
03
^~.
2 "5
c «
2
1 "S
H j-
bfl
O.
"0) Q
"B 0)
0) 3 03 a 0) & 8 S
^^ 0> £ i o a (5
03 B _O Ss O
B !>& 1 1
t, o a «
t, £ 8 0) 03
IT | " ' i 0) a. 0) 03
0) u a a 0) ^* ^
*
8.1
mpage £
bo C "3 i< t,
01 S
*S 1 "5
03 0) t) ^
rt
Z?
8 « 0)
S
'O
3
"rtB
S
3a,
'Ebf
l.Jj
rt 1
fc, 0) S
V?
0) ° i 0)
(-,
03
03
rt
!2 !rt u
Cro
ps
irri
gat
ed
"rt _a
o £t, 0) £ 6
03
0) 0 n) 3 n) bfl
lH 'rt >
Daw
son
County
Conti
nued
9-2
4-1
5ba.
....
20
cc..
...
27
aa..
...
28bb
.....
25-
4cb
....
,
6b
c.....
9bd....,
18aa
...18
foSL
»
i
18dd
. .
,
Slc
dL
...
31cd
2...J
36cd
....,
0-2
4-3
1dc.
....
25-
5d
c...
.,
Tc
Tc
He
Tc
Hb
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tp
Tc
Tc
Tp
1.3 .8 .7 1.6
1.0 .5 1.3
1.0 .7 1.9 .3 1.7 .7 .8 1.0
1.8
2,7
99.7
22,8
09.8
02,8
42.3
12,8
12.
162,8
40.7
82,8
20.0
1
2,7
87.8
02
,86
0.8
12,8
29.5
32,7
78.7
12,7
73.6
42,7
90.8
9
2,7
29.3
02,7
11.4
92,6
61.6
42,6
65.0
6
253.2
5255.4
532
5. 1
4292.2
6315.7
9267.6
1
223.3
43
13
.52
29
8.7
9231.2
6222.4
8246.6
2
180
180
19
3.9
8205.9
97
9.8
56
3.3
4
July
19
, 19
49Ju
ly
18,
1949
Oct
. 4,
19
49Ju
ly
6,
1949
July
25
, 19
49Ju
ly
11,
1949
Aug
. 8,
19
49Ju
ly
11,
1949
Oct
. 4,
19
49A
ug.
5,
1949
Aug
. 14
19
49A
ug.
5,
1949
May
6,
19
49.....d
o............
Dec
. 10
, 19
36A
ug.
3,
1949
July
22
, 19
49A
ug.
8,
1949
150
D,
SS N S N D N N N N P P N N N S
OJ Nl h-
tn £> 03 tn w 05 ii i i i iCDO500 O-J-J-J-J -JI-'COCAJOJoo.o' crof^o'ps ocrpso'o' rjo.o' o'o'po'o o'oo'psps
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Dawson County Continued
rc
f rc
sc01rc^
D.
^ rc 1 ' 03S.5
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source >crc
Type of material
Table 5. Record of wells and irrigation practices Continued
NvonandaH-ai.j.vid 'Haj,VA\. QNHOHO
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n p
racti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng
poin
t
Description
,.
T3
^-»
Height
above 01
below
(-) lan surfac
e (fee
t
S*j
Q)
rt >
Q)
JS
"p
ra S
w
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
' cd Q)
ta 11 a "^ 0) Q
c & 0) 10
0!
0) & "8 (U g
^^ Drawdown
(fee
ra g
(U
Reported
yield
per
minu
Use
of
water
h 0 ei <u K <u m
0 cd oi
(U 4)
"£a <
£0)
60 a 1
tm C 1 Method
of
distr
water
(0 o CB
j>>
L
*
^
i*.
Average numbe i
rrigated
cd Q) <JJ
flj
SH
m
0
Consumptive u
per
acre (a
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
4> 6
VJ t; a) 0) .0 rt Available irrig
Daw
son
County
Conti
nued
10-2
5-l
Occ
-....
23ad
.....
Tc
Tc
-2.5 1.5
2,6
70.4
92,6
76.4
275.2
0103.0
6Ju
ly
11,
1949
Sep
t.
7,
1949
N N
Fra
nkli
n C
ounty
1-16-
3bal....
3ba2
....
2-13-
9ab.....
15-
Ibc.
....
16-
7cb.
....
17ac
....
,17
bb..
..17
ca..
..,
17cb....,
20bb.....
3-14
-28b
b...
..
36dd
....
,15-19cc.....
Hb
HbHb
Hb
Hb
Hb Hb
HbHb
Hb
Tc
Hb
0.5 .5 .0 .0 .0 1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0 .0 .0
....
....
....
..
56.90
60.64
14.49
174.
14
18.64
38.90
19 15.84
9.20
2.24
147.85
21.02
192.
78
Sept.
11, 1952
.....do.............
....
.do.............
....
.do.............
.....do.............
.....do.............
~-..
do..
....
....
...
.....do.............
.....do.
............
.....do.............
....
.do.
............
Oct.
29,
1934
Sept
. 11,
1952
8 8 8 11 12 17
..........
9
230
230
850
572
650
885
935
330
500
800
785
I I I I I I I I I I I O I
1,200
1,20
0
1,250
960
51 51
195
141
D D G D
in in 100 60
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.4
C C r c
A
A, Cl
50 50
1fiO 80
I-* I-* 00 H-> l-tI-* i-i 00 *- t^o o cf ry rycr o. (a o. ry
-J O M to 00
O O O O
H H H . .00000
a o o p> w 0.0.0*0 tO *- tO I-' ' '
Village of Upl Village of Hilillage of Campb
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?3a*i
Sc01(C1
a.2. Kj
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Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing(inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre- footof water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material1Hi.
5*
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4
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1
Description
Height above or below (-) land surface (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Measuring point
Static water level
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hour)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal EJH «
Other So
n "i o , -eto
..
Available irrigable acres
18vi,va oisvs
22
&
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to
o
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Tab
le 5
. R
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d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n p
racti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
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wn
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Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
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Table 5. Record of wells and irrigation practices Continued
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Tab
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. R
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wel
ts a
nd ir
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tion
pra
cti
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Con
tinu
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Well
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Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measui ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Drawdown (feet)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other
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(Available irrigable acres
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Height above or low (-) land s face (feet)
Altitude above i sea level (fee
Depth below me ing point (fee
Date of measur
Drawdown (feet
Reported yield per minute
be- jr-
nean *)
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sment
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W
p o 5:£ HT 4S"
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gallons
Use of water
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Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal jj-3.
TOOther S.
n> o.
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Available irrigable acres
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Continue
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£
Owner or user
o. £- (D i 1 m
8.5
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-foot of water (dollars
Geologic source *§
*-!
Type of material
Table 5. Record of
wells and irrigation practices Continued
VXSVH93.NE 'axnouo86
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Description
Height above or be low (-) land sJir- face (feet)
Altitude above sea level (fee
mean ')
Depth below measur - ing point (feet)
Date of measu
Drawdown (fee
Reported yield per minute
Use of water
Use per year |
Pumpage per 3 feet)
Method of dist water
Average numb irrigated ye
Consumptive i per acre (ai
Principal
Other
Available irri?
tement
)
Measuring point
w »H"
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Si
P
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(gallons
hours)
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Kearney
County Continued
(D
Owner or user
a
t p
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-footof water (dollars)
Geologic source "c
Type of material
H
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Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd
irri
gati
on p
racti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
scription
Q
i %
't-i
3
S §
-
M
u>"S
ri "3
S 1
£!
ra
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
ra ^^
V
V Is co o
C.J
?
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Z? aw down
(fee
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ported
yiel<
per
minut
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3 43 e per
year
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bo
a a 3
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ra o » S
erage
numm irrigat
ed yt
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0 V
02
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nsumptive i
per
acre (a
0 O
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ps
irri
gate
d
as Bf o & fo
(-1 ^ O
02 S H O V 3 a ailable irri ^ <!
Kea
rney
Co
un
ty C
on
tin
ued
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Tc
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Hb
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1.5 .0 .4 1.7 .0 .5 .5 1.5 .5
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0 95.0
610
9.47
June
10,
1948
Aug
. 13
, 19
47S
ept.
23
, 19
48N
ov.
17,
1947
Mar
. 30
, 19
45
....
.do
....
....
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o..
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....
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ov.
16,
1948
May
27
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48
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1
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Oct
. 25
, 19
48S
ept.
15
, 19
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ept.
24
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ug.
11.
1947
Dec
. 31
, 19
47S
ept.
9,
195
2D
ec.
31,
1947
Sep
t.
9, 1
952
6
39 20 30
2
800
500
600
300
650
1,30
0
1,00
0
P I D I I P P P P I I I I I S I I I N I
1,08
0
480
239 88
D D
140 75
1.7
1.2
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200 90
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Kearney County Continued
£.
Owner or user
a
r ' a) s."
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-footof water (dollars
Geologic source
Type of material
)
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Kearney County Co
ntinued
1Description
Height above or be- p low (-) land sur- c face (feet) g-
TO
OAltitude above mean g'
sea level (feet) ""
Depth below measur ing point (feet) j»
h»-
S-
Date of measurement S*<
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal ^~
Other $ "ga
Available irrigable acres
801oisva
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Kearney County Continu
a
n
Owner or user
o.
o *j o.
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-foot
£ Geologic source n_
Type of material
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cn 0
n
n
cn O
: : : : : o
: : : : : cn
: : : : : o
D cno o o o
to0
Mto
d
33 O
cn
iiiii s^o>g
"to to "co "to0000 0000
cn * v
toO3 Ol
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to o
uo
wbo
to
co to
D
o
o
o
0
Kearney Cour
tContinued
(t
Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
1 Measuring point
Static water level
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre -feet)
Principal
Other
Available irrigable £
Crops irrigated
ic res
SOIviva oisvff
106 GROUND WATER, PLATTE-REPUBLICAN WATERSHED, NEBRASKA
3
3
U
8 .0
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ft!
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jooj-aaoB aad janj jo 4303
jaAvod jo ad^x
saSBjs jo aaquinfj
(saqout) jaiaureip uTiinjo^
doind jo ad^x
SUTSBO jo ad^x
(saqout) SUTSBO jo aaianrBTQ
()aaj) n aAV J° mdaQ
^ Q>
T3
Owner or user
"3
o
Continue
o U
Kearney
oo oo ooo-i o : o oin in in* in" in* en* en ; ; en" ;; en en
HH(j UUCJHH HHHoo HooHH £
,-! ^H rH ^H i-l CM
o o m o o r incoco c-O3C-coco* cocMinoe"O5 00 00 COTt<Tt<CMO} tO -^ O tO I
t~ CslTt< inOi Oi
... E. Podewitz.............................................
C- t- CO rt
C73 O3 GO CD
fn 4)
2 t< "o -« ^ rt "o ciiji iiiiiQ 4 m* <J (§ ^ g ^ ^
s§§s §Tft'eooo * co
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Jepson................................................
^' W 2 O* O O & d ra > fe
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co eo «-i CN)O CO t- C-
i-H O} -!
.. W. Talbert.............................................. .. H. H. Hokser...........................................
Cfl Cfl .Q J3 tfl O T3 O tfl J3 J3 T3 -3 J3 T3 J3 O T3 T3o^cct o^oo^ ^o'Oat'^ 'Ocd'Occtcct *OJOCO ^HrtCMCslCOCOCO ^(rt^H
1 1 1m Tt< in
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O1 it* W
1 H- t_ Cd U Cd tO tO H-» H-» CO GO£. *-> o -3 tn >- >t* > o oo o oo to ~j -a tn ** w toQ. p P O. P O. Q.PQ.OO" ffOOCTO PCTOa a o cr a tr a a tr cr P oaosucr CTPP
S £g22£ ?233£ 33222 233
H-> H-> !->>- l-> l-> CO W 00 O
m o tn o -a to en 01 o cji co 01 tn ^ o co oo tn oo
to to toto tototo toto to to to
** oo co * en >fi 01 to>-> too o 01 o -j * o en en oo Ott^ -J00 H-> H->W tOH->tO H->O *^ CO O-3 a> oo oo -a en oo 01 -J o to
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o >^ &> ^^^^? ^?f^ &SPS?" 1 "S a g | -a^p«r -o^-Saa g^^ j . . . . . 5 5
00 H->WMtOWtOtOl->tO l-*l-> O -400 -J i t^tOOOOt^ GO CH -J ~J CD Ol
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co : : : . : : : : : : : . : Q
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>: : : : : : i : : i : : i O : : : : : : : : : : : : : o
£01 viva oisva
Kearney County Continued
1
Description
Height above low (-) land face (feet)
Altitude above sea level (fe
Depth below IE ing point (fe
Date of measu
Drawdown (fe
per minut
Use of water
feet) '
Method of dist water
Average numb irrigated yi
Consumptive i per acre (a>
Principal
Other
Available irrl
r be- mr-
mean t)
easur- t)
rement
t)
)
1 Measuring point
Static water level
hours)
ributing
r of acres arly
e of water re -feet)
M.
3 o 3£. "a 5" M a
able acres
B SOw 2< n>SPBT
co co coi^ i^ enoo co o
_CQ Ul CO
o o o
00 -J1 1to en t itO tO tO tO tO i_ |-i |_i i-. i-.to i-- en to o to to to i-1 O co to to toa a P a tr a tr P a o a a P a £li O P P O" O" Q* O" Q* O 00*00"
;» ffl n > ^oacug .M rn
££§?£ ff.°§-|Sff 3,3 0 2. fl> S, (6 gSo! ra EL tr1 N n> o P? SB
r P 5
O CO CO COK^ rf*- en rf^O -3 O -]
oo K^ co o en co -j oo o en o o en 010 0 0
Black......... Nichols.......
co co n en
en en
i^coencoi^ co co co co
SSSS* SSSS
F. Ditwiler.. R. Wells..... ..do............. Kring Estate, rs. Waite......
co co co co £t en to >£ O I-- tO CO
en -< en -<
£ S
ssn8:
<? ifi *7 <? ^ i_3i_3i_3 . T N-i .1 . i <2 O ^1 <J (JQ ""3 ~ ~ " ^/ ~ ~
! - tO
co 01 co en o co
,O <O © © iO © <O <O © © <O © © ©
LO* CO* COCOCOCOCO COCOCOCO
a-oi ooaoo oooo
ty C
-C ">
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre -foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material
2.
aNnono801
Tab
le 5
, R
eco
rd
of w
ells
and
irri
gati
on p
racti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
scription % Q
i .
rQ
£^
SB |||
W)
?
0
<D J2
<2W
cO
"£(1
) 0)
.§
r-i
0)
0)
"O
r-
1
5
«4 r
i 0)
<
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
i 3
W
*~^
co ^
<u
gj_
S Si
,
pth
below i
ng
point
0) Q
0) s E! 3
W CO a 8 0) rt Q
aw down
(: Q
ra C "rt U)
^
CD
CD «
1 *O
0) ra
w -° e per
yea ra
0) u t. CO ^ ^.
Ct)
*-*
00
CO o, ^ 0.
U)
t-i
1 c ra "o t
oT3
^
O .g S
ra u o£
> T^
oi
cO
a !*>
erage
nun irrigat
ed
w CO
x~
.
0)
0)ra
ti
nsumptiv*
aer acre
U
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
1 4 CO u ^, fc
(1) o
ra u (l) Xi a «H OJ 1
Kea
rney
County
Conti
nued
7-16-
2db.
....
..laf
3dd.
....
..8dc.......
lldd
....
...
12ab
....
...
12bd.......
13db.......
20bb
....
...
23da.......
9 P^a
a
Side.......
8-13
- 33dd.......
Hb Hb Ep
Hb Tp Tc Hb Hb Tc Tc
0.0
2n .5
1 Q .0 .0 1.0
3.0 .5 .3 3.8
2,179.70
2,16
9.04
2,20
8.80
2,183.43
2,08
5.68
17.59
20.79
10.6
021.80
21.70
27.61
16.97
18.05
60 41.8
868.35
49.1
060 57
.48
Oct.
19, 19
48.....do.............
Aug. 22,
1952
Aug.
7, 1
947
Oct.
20,
1948
Aug.
7, 1
947
Oct.
23,
1948
Oct.
19, 1948
Aug.
22,
1952
Aug.
9, 19
48De
c.
30,
1947
Sept.
20,
1948
Aug.
22, 19
52Ju
ne
18, 19
48
18
1,20
0
660
1,200
540
1,000
I N I I N N I, S
I I
D, S I N I S
1,080
1,200
360
131
119 66
S S D
145
150 80
' 0.9 .8 .8
A A CCl, S
145
400 80
W > GO
> I
O I
Kei
th C
ount
y
12-35- 1
3aa......
39-
5da......
13-37-
29a
b...
...
^Q_ 'll^o
Tc Hb
1.5
1.0
3,219.41
163.
73240
217
209.03
Oct.
12, 19
50July
22,
1952
....
.do.
....
....
....
.....do.............
20 20
500
900
500
D, S I I I
2,38
01,440
218
238
S-
S S
70 300 80
3.1 .8
G A A
AC.
W.O.
GB,
C,W
300
200
O
CO
I O CO1 1 1
to co co co co to to to to to -4 * to H- o -q 03 CD Co 03
1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
O * CD to co * i-* o co -q 03 to to o -qi->i^incn CTO o cr IB cr A IB O. o o IB Q, cr IB o o IB a. IBO Per O.OHPO OOIBIBCT Q. IB cr IB IB
co O O < M » ?" » H J" O ^i_, <D £; ' P "
o1 3 | » P a. W p g 2 H fg1^3" TO £. o <<i> 3 2J ^ *i M* » 3' 2. 2* COIB1"^ n 3| 'MO " 3J?2 O2 2 O CO (B Jj. ij. O ffl
30'(B 3"! M"0 D »& 3CT (B^ JO 2 3^
ffj! £ g ° f 3 |:w *! " p 2. i JT p O c-»-
v irt> 1
: : ®° : : : : : : : : ' : '
l-> H^h-" tO (OtOH* tO»-'tOtO>(^to -qtoooinin o 03 co co -q »->ooo>->o co co -q J> to en CD CD -q 03 03 co it- en co o
t I to to ai o "m en o o o o "o "o e» o
co int^ coin coOi£k>^in t^int^^t^ t^^cnmco
^g ^!? gO'g^g !^gg!g^! ^! ^ g <Sf g &lp4 A& H^^K^H^ K*^H*H*p3* ^K^^^H^
o o go 2H2^n o^oon o^nno
HH HH HH^HH HHHHH HHHHH oo oo ooooo ooooo o_o^ooo
Lincoln County
t!
Owner or user
a
STEi a ^
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
of water (dollars)
Geologic source £ J?
nType of material
Table 5. Record of wells and irrigation practices Continued
'aaiasnaxvAY NvonendaH-axxvu: 'naxvAY amono 011
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n p
racti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oin
t
Description
<U
1 .Q
tn
g 3 II? °
.
<" rt
i SE
,
sis
H
o rt
V
<
<M
K
d (U s? OJ
OJ>
Si
o ** <0
(U O
"
3
d H
(U
S
w<
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
i CO
x-.
v %
S4>
S
i 5-1 n a
£ g1
a -H
OJ Q
(U 8 Date
of measure!
Drawdown
(feet)
m "3.
Reported yield
(g p
er minute)
Use
of
water
12 Use per
year
(ho
;* o t-, Pumpage per
yea fee
t)
M .5
"S Method
of
distrib
water
M S u "S
>>
Average
number irrigat
ed yea
r!
;* "rt ~
^>
-w
<w
VO
V
Consumptive use
per
acre (acre-
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
Other
M tn
U (U Available irrigab]
Lin
coln
Cou
nty
9-2
6-
5da.
.....
29-
4cb
....
..1
0-2
6-
lea..
....
7ad
....
..
lObb......
27-
2da.
.....
31-
16cc
......
32-
17
cc..
....
34-
3d
c...
...
lOaa
....
..ll
dd......
14bc.
.....
18ad
......
22bb......
11-2
7-
Sfc
a....
..
20
ba.
....
Hb
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tp
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
0.5
1.7
4.0 .1 .0 1.2 .7 .3 .3 1.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.9 .2
3,00
3.31
2,67
8.42
2,81
7.32
2,73
8.09
2,92
5.28
3,01
4.22
2,9
15.9
53,
123.
53
3,08
0.58
3,08
4.33
3,05
9.54
3,22
1.44
2,77
1.87
2,78
5.73
2,79
1.28
206.
6627
3,68
75.2
619
3.55
127.
6626
0.06
208.
6219
.48
147.
51
35.3
240
.63
22.7
875 16
0.10
10
0.1
049
.18
121.
7793.0
7
July
29
, 19
52S
ept.
6,
19
34A
ug.
9,
1949
Aug
. 10
, 19
49
Aug
. 9,
19
49A
ug.
10,
1949
Sep
t.
2,
1949
Aug
. 31
, 19
49D
ec.
8,
1936
Sep
t.
1,
1949
.....d
o.............
.....d
o.............
July
24
, 19
52S
ept.
1,
19
49
July
24
, 19
52A
ug.
10,
1949
Aug
. 12
, 19
49A
ug.
4,
1949
700
D,
SN N N S S
D,
SD
, S
N N N S N P N N N
D,
SD
, S
(->oo w oo to to i-* o oo
MW tOtOtOt-* tOtOtOl-* tOl-1 I-1 !- >^tO OS i*. O it» CO COCOOl-*)^ O OO CO M 02 >^tOoo ocrcrcrcr o9>o.crcr crncrtoto crto oo. o.crocrcr cro.d'D'd' croowo. oo
trj- a 3 M g
L. Chamberlain Estate...........................
-do..............................................-.....!
CO CO t t I . CO CO
wCOa « 5
"
n
r roi
Q
1 §3eo o
Nunemacher........................................
..do.. ...................................................
CO
»>
Ynruh................................................. Congland.............................................
CO CO 0 l- CO -J
X W 2
F. Harnan ..........................................
CO
s-o
OOO 3 Cft -3 GO GO O5t^O5tO-3 ( O >^ *4 Oi -4 O l-> O tO O I-* CO >t» M O O Ol O5 Ol O Ol COCO
OO OOOOO O 01 O O OOOO OO
>^ >J^ tO^OIt^t^ O1O1O1O1O1 Ol >^ Ol b^ Ol CJ1CJ1
SS SSSSg SSSSS 22SSS SS
** W-M *»*?* -MW «*
33 33233 32333 23^33 23
HH HHHHH HHHHH HH H OO OOOOO OOOOO OO O
Lincoln (
bounty Continuec
1
Owner or user
a &«
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches;
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
of water (dollars
Geologic source
Type of material
)
1 ro
Table 5. Record of wells and irrigation practices Continued
QNHOHO
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d o
f w
ells
and
irri
gatio
n pr
acti
ces
Co
nti
nu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
Description
o w
h.
C -
o «
"£
n
(y
fcUD
?
O
ni SC
" 0)(U
.?>
Altitude abov
sea level
(J
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
i 3
M
__n)
^
0)
0)d
a)
Depth below i
ing
point
(:
0) s to
ni
0) S 5 0) 8
~ Hi Drawdown
(fe
to § 'a 3 ^
'aT
Reported
yiel
per
minut
3 0) to
o ^-* Use per
year
0) ni 0) t^i
(U <
w U
) ni
O
.
"3 V Method
of
dis water
to h a CM J; t
_o
iS
Average num
irrigated ye
0) n) .
?
"SCM
0)
O
«"
0)
0)
3
0
Consumptive
per
acre (a
Cro
ps
Principal
Other
to £ n) 0) XI i?« QJD
Available irr:
Lin
coln
County
Conti
nued
11-28-
2ac.
....
..14
bc..
....
.
16ad
....
...
30- OQO
9bc.
....
..13
cc20bb.......
31-
4ba.......
llbb.......
20da
....
...
28ad
....
...
28cb
....
...
32-
8bb.......
14bb
....
..j
2nbc
....
..24bb......J
26cd
....
...
32cd.......
Tc Tc Tc Hb Tc Tc Tp
Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc To Tc Tc Tc Tc
1.2
-.3
1.0 .5 1.0 .4 .5 .7 .0 .5 .6 1.6 .0 1.4 .5 .0 .7
2,841.42
2,82
8,35
2,88
6.07
3,052.36
3,052.03
2,99
1.35
3,04
4.54
3,066.79
3,09
1.00
o OAC OK
3,05
0.49
3,07
8.80
3,14
5.24
3,093.32
3,11
7.22
3,070.26
3,08
4.00
3,139.29
3.12
3.34
123.
3314
4.35
164.
60931 3d
.
197.
3217
6.44
181.
04
147.
5918
9.32
123.
341 on en
119.57
164.
7413
9.90
135.80
124.
3413
2.65
155.
8016
2.50
Aug.
5, 1
949
Aug.
11, 1949
Aug.
5, 1
949
Aurt
9S.
1QAQ
Aug.
26,
1949
Aug.
25, 19
49Aug. 26,
1949
Aug. 30,
1949
Aug.
29, 19
49Aug.
30,
1949
Ana
31
1Q4.Q
.....do.............
....
.do.
....
....
....
Aug.
29, 1949
Autf.
31,
1949
Aug.
29, 1949
.....do.............
Aug. 31, 1949
Aug.
29,
1949
N N
D, S N
D, S
D, S N S
D, S D N S
D, S S N S S
D, S N
....
*...
00
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d ol
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pr
acti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
lO
wne
r o
r use
rY
ear
dri
lled
~ a> a> « £ *o .g D. a
bo .s ra ol o o a,
-
ca>
^,
d ol a
casing
*s o Q) O. £
"of
U c (-< of screei .g bio C 3
a o Ol a
"w" u c r. diamet
e c 3 ^ O U
M bo
"5 s a> c G
power
<" o QJ pl
^
O 1 --~
0)
M
U
01Ol
pj
0.^
«"
*O
C
4-I
4-»
^
M O U
Aquif
er
c source 5) o o O
materia] o Q) cx H1
Lin
coln
County
Conti
nued
11-3
2-
34
da.
....
..33
- 3dd.......
19ac
.......
32dd.......
34-
2b
c.......
8d
d..
....
.1
2b
a...
....
18
bc.
....
..
22ba.
......
30bc
. ......
33db.......
36
cc..
....
.12-2
8-
25cb
.......
26da.
......
28bc.
......
31db.......
29-
6b
d..
....
.lO
dd
....
...
12
cd..
....
.26da.
......
Tp
See
ker
A.
L.
Ste
ck..
....
....
....
................................
W.
Wit
tig
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
H.
Vo
nder
fech
t...
....
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..
1947
1901
(?)
1895
(?)
1919
1945
198.
016
5.0
161.
0
135.
016
3.0
165.
021
9.0
174.
0
148.
010
9.0
130
131.
012
8.0
100
138.
514
5.5
248.
040
0 91.0
161.
0
oi
3 4 U 3 4 4 3 ^A 4 4 5* U 4 U 4 4 4 4
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Cy Cy Cy Cy Cy N Cy Cy Cy Cv Cy Cy Cy Cy Cy N Cy Cy Cy Cv
w w w w w N w w w w w w w w w N w w w w
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
cti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
Description
i $ i*
g §
|||
JS T
T cu
w> &
o
cd 0) ^.
rt
*"*
<U
"
Altitude
abov sea leve
l (
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
3
01 _
cd S
T
S 1
> r 55
0)
O
jQ
Q,
Q
.u a a ra
cd 0) g
jj
"5 Drawdown
(fe
01 § 1 73 "«r
Reported
yiel
per
minut
Use
of
water
01 * Use per
year
, % S-, ^ Pumpage per [
feet)
60 C "3 jQ c Method
of
dis water
01 % <2ti
n
<U
Average
numl irrigat
ed y
cd £
T cu
<U
<U01
%
Consumptive
per
acre (a
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
<u O
01 S-, V JO cd 60 [Available irri
Lin
coln
Co
un
ty C
on
tin
ued
11-3
2-
34
da.
....
.33
- 3dd...,,.
19
ac..
....
32
dd
....
..34
- 2
bc.
....
.8dd......
12ba.
.....
18
bc.
....
.
22
ba.
....
.3
0b
c...
...
33
db
....
..36cc
......
12
-28
- 25cb
......
26da.
.....
28bc.
.....
31
db
....
..29
- 6bd......
lOdd......
12cd
......
26da.
.....
Tc
Hb
Tc
Tc
Hb
Tc
Hb
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Hb
Hb
Tc
Tc
rp Hb
Tc
1.3 .0 .0 .9 1.0 .0 .0 1.5
1.0 .5 .0 .0 1.0 .5 .7 .2 1.0 .5 .3 .0
3,12
1.19
3,15
8.44
3,17
7.25
3,14
9.76
3,18
4.99
3,22
2.25
3,18
6.16
3,22
1.80
3,18
3.54
3,16
5.51
3,15
6.16
3,13
7.58
2,79
4.84
2,80
0.60
2,82
3.76
2,87
8.12
3,00
1.56
3,11
6.62
2,79
9.95
2,83
8.77
166.
2015
5.25
144.
45
128.
3814
1.27
163.
5214
5.14
155.
07
137.
3397
.88
101.
1498
.28
77.4
066
.14
86.8
513
3.58
220.
4736
5.02
58.3
375
.74
Aug
. 29
, 19
49S
ept.
1,
194
9O
ct.
16,
1950
Sep
t.
1,
1949
Oct
. 16
, 19
50O
ct.
9,
1950
Oct
. 16
, 19
50O
ct.
6, 1
950
Oct
. 16
, 19
50O
ct.
11,
1950
Oct
. 10
, 19
50..
...d
o.............
Aug
. 9,
194
9A
ug.
10,
1949
Sep
t.
2, 1
943
....
.do
.............
Aug
. 24
, 19
49S
ept.
20
, 19
49A
ug.
11,
1949
Aug
. 24
, 19
49
S S S S N S S S S S S S ND
,S S N S N D D
g CO 5 o 6 Cn
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
lO
wne
r or
use
rY
ear
dri
lled
,_» 'S 0) 01 *o "5.
be H 10 0) o ^
<<-i
10
O
01
JB
ca*
*i
oj iH Q
casing o (D o. H
"to1
V U c c 01 SH
U
10
CM
O 1 01 "J
a
a "o <u a EH
"to"
V o c t. 01 diamet c 3 "o U
10 01 B!
*S 01 a 3 z,
power
CM
O 01 H
"o O 1 10
01
fnfn
^0
1
« ?
0)
"^
O,
SH
^
0)
ll *o "
S
10 o U
Aquif
er
01 c sourc 'o "o 01 O
01 materi CM
O 01 a En1
Lin
coln
County
Conti
nued
12
-29
- 34cd
.......
30-
2
bd
....
...
4bb.......
13
bc.
....
..
15db.......
16
bc.
....
..2
2cd
....
...
25
ba.
....
..3
4ab
....
...
31-1
6cc.......
30
da.
....
..34aa
.......
<?9
_ 9oo
4dd.......
25ab
.......
35cd
.......
L.
Wh
ite..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
....
.do
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.............
1925
1912
(?)
1880
1915
1940
1949
156.
021
8.0
191.
0
250
223.
026
5
230.
0
169.
023
1.0
188.
518
3.0
209.
0
153.
019
0.0
146.
020
7.0
160
5i
5* 4 5i
4 3 4 4 2i
5i
5i
5i
4 4 4 si 54 ?i
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N Cy Cy Cy Cy Cv Cy Cy Cy Cy Cy N Cy N Cv
Cy Cy Cy Cy
NW
,G W N W W W W W W W N W N W W W W W
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
03 03 1
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H H H H H
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O 3 G d O
; ; ; ; ; ; : : : : ; : : ;
...'.: . . . . : -:."..
goo
n County C
ontinue(
1
Descriptiong
Height above or be- gj low (-) land sur- eface (feet) g'
0
sea level (feet) ""
Depth below measuring point (feet) -
S->-t
Date of measurement S"
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre -feet)
Principal g- 3 n £ i TO n
(t m O.
Available irrigable acres
ZTTVJLVQ oisva
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d o
f w
ells
and
irri
gatio
n p
racti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
lO
wne
r o
r u
ser
Yea
r d
rill
ed
^^ <u £ <u Cl-
l
O ^ 0, s
be c 01 as o ^
ct-i
OlO
<u
aJ ' £
ti CD 5
casing
"8 <u o. H
"m <u 1 of screen ( £ fcUO c
o, g o. Ct-
l o <u ft»^»
01 <u J3 U diameter | 1 J^ o U
01
<U be CO
01 "3 <u jQ H |
power s <u o.
o o 5 5 ni -3 ^ -a
<u *-
CD
**
O
*o
^^ (0 o U
Aquif
er
c source be ^ o <u O
material
"o <u o.
Lin
coln
County
Conti
nued
12
-34
- 2dd.......
4da.
......
lOdd.......
14ad
.......
17ca
22ab
.......
25ba.
......
32bd.......
13
-30
- 25
bb. .
....
.31
- 7
cd..
....
.
14
bb
....
...
16
aa..
....
.IS
dd.......
26
bb
....
...
28
dd
....
...
29
bd
....
...
35bb.......
32-
Gab
.......
J. H
. E
cker.
............................................
AW
T
Plf
Alr
it
A
Raj
n\F
Gi
....
.do
....
....
....
. ...
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.
Dis
tric
t.
.....d
o....................................................
.....d
o....................................................
....
.^o
................. .
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.......d
o..................................... .
..........
.....
....
.do
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
J
Plc
ittc
Va.
llcv
Publi
c PO
WG
r &
Irr
iffc
itio
riD
istr
ict.
..
...d
o..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
1938
1938
1938
1938
186
217.
019
1.0
151.
019
3.0
158.
016
9.0
191.
056
.854 32
.035
.066
.010
7.0
151.
0
133.
017
1.0
29.0
4 5i
3 3 c;i
3 3 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Cv
Cv N N Cy
Cy
Cy
Cy
Cy N N N N N N Cv N N
W W N N W W W W W N N N N N N W N N
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
00
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
cti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
o H 0.
rH
tn
O to Q
i <u ^
o|
(U
C r ,
rt j^
^ti
M""""
c a! 8
4)<u
ji
o
*mrt
>
o *
""5
4)
5
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
,1, 3
W rt j?
8 J
H £
bo
Q..S
&
C 4) 8 W rt 4) 8 *s 4) 2
"53 «** awdow
n
Q
to c o 3 <2S
»
||
o Of
b rs rt "o 1
"aT 3 O fi tn rt 4) 4)
0, 4)
S U £! a 4) 5* I s
bo S "3 IQ
h
o 1
to b U a "o -
^h
rt
4)
4)
J3
>i
S -a
4> bo
bo
-£
^
fc -W
x-»
S <u « ° i
4)
b
It
nsumpt: per
ac
o U
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
rH
£
4) 1
W ^, u a! ,2 "rt bo r
H b
rH ailabl
e
4|
Lin
coln
Co
un
ty C
on
tin
ued
12-3
4-
2d
d..
....
4d
a...
...
lOd
d..
....
14ad
......
17ca
22
ab..
....
25
ba.
....
.3
2b
d..
....
13-3
0-
25bb......
31-
7cd
....
..
14bb......
16aa
......
18dd......
26bb......
28
dd
....
..
29
bd
....
..3
5b
b..
....
32-
6ab
....
..
Hb
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
rp Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
2.0 .5 3n
1.0 .0 .0 .0 2.0 .4 .0 .5 .5 .5 .3 .0 2.2 .5 .5
3,17
3.42
3,19
8.38
3,18
4.09
3,17
3.77
3,19
2.49
3,18
9.00
3,18
5.28
3,22
9.92
2,91
4.29
2,84
6.79
2,87
5.01
2,93
3.40
2,97
4.35
3,00
7.86
3,02
4.82
3,01
6.06
2.94
0.58
130.
8716
2.71
1 *\
9 4^
145.
2814
7.71
151.
3615
4.44
172.
4848
.21
35.0
0
7.18
23.0
064
.45
101.
3663
.27
109.
0511
7.27
25.5
5
Oct
. 13
, 19
50O
ct.
19,
1950
Oct
. 11
, 19
50O
ct.
13,
1950
Oct
. 11
, 19
50
Oct
. 12
, 19
50..
...d
o.............
Oct
. 10
, 19
50N
ov.
28,
1936
July
20
, 19
50
.....d
o..
....
....
...
....
.do
....
....
....
.O
ct.
30,
1950
Oct
. 11
, 19
50O
ct.
31,
1950
....
.do
....
....
....
.O
ct.
1,
1950
July
20
, 19
50
S S N S S S S S S o o o o o o S o o
to n o
CO.*
1t-> CO OO CO tO t-> OO CJl IO O -3P o p a cr a p cr o. a. P o
Vtd'gPH H.^.^td»> > g^wS r U g (D P 3- (fl IDo t;- 3 < <nS ^ a S. Pm 8" f « p *
1^ 10 t-- -J CJl OO -J -J -J OO IO tO
o o "o o "o o
CJl CJl *> CJl CJl CJl
sssss s
o n ^ o 2 ^
o o o o o o
CO CO
1 ^ O h-> CO OO to to>^ >-> it^ en it* to it* cr a" o. cr cr P a a" p o. O. P p P
A » ^ H ^ *ti
atte Valley Public Power & Irrigation
District.
. S. Huebner.......................................... . Rodge rs .............................................. . England.............................................. . iral school............................................ . .......................................................... ] T. Frels.. ........................................... .
JO * * CJl h-> CJl tOio o o >- o * en
"o o o o
^Jl l|^ l|^ l^ i|^ i|^ tO
'^ ^ ^ fe? ^ ^ ^
2; n o o on ^
o o o o o o o
to to10 0B cr
<T cr
i~5~~M p
K$ g£ |?ro4
oo co
0
v^. CJl
§ §
?*
»
3 O
OO
COto
1
O CO -IP cr cr P cr cr
ti
atte Valley Public Power & Irrigation ]
District.
..do..................................................... ] ..do..................................................... ]
co co coOO OO CO 00 00 00
OO CO COoo en en 'o o "o
to to to
ss s
H H H o o o
IDepth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
"ost of fuel per acre-foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material
QNHOHO
t-> co co wH-> oo m to opi o pi a crPI cr p. a P
HHHHH HHHH
Ul O Ul O O
H H H H H
H-" to Ul Ul h->en co ba i-* co
ba co ba co co w w co to w coco I "i- "o "co "o "o "o
to o a\ *> *> co coo m o oo -j -jo
co co co "co
.M ,5s3 "CD ^o
O O O nan
co co com 01 mo o o
O O
CO COUl Ulo o
^O OO OOO ^ £,( > OO OOO C,
CO COUl Ulo o
Ul Ul 0 0
Ul Ul Ul 000
Ul Ulo o
0 0
n>
Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
easuring point
E
water level
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
OtherCrops irrigated
Available irrigable acres
vxva oisvs
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
pra
cti
ces
Con
tinue
d
Wel
lO
wne
r or
use
rY
ear
dri
lled
_ 0> <u "o>
*3 £ a
<u Q
M a 01 a o ^
t»
10o
<oV
c
^3 si
rt Q
f
casing
0 0) ft H
0) U -H c <u z U
W
tt-t 0 _£ ti £ "J
a
a **- o 0) a E"
10
0) 43 U
^ ^ 0) t diamet u "o U
10 <u tie
a t, 0) .Q ^!
' power
0 0) a H
0 fi i ra
rt ^
0)
>_»
ft
h-,
0)
0) t|
5 2
*o
*"_,_,
°
10 o U
Aquif
er
0) .c sourc _g 0 O
"rt ' materi o 0) a E-
Lin
coln
County
Conti
nued
1 ^_
^4
«.
1 ' la
a
20bb.......
22
da.
....
..
25
cd..
....
.28cc
.......
30
ad..
....
.
G.
Wyl
ie. .
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.......
....
.do
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
58.0
65 102.
098
.058
.0
269.
013
6.0
103.
0
5-
5i 51 54 54 4 4 4
M M M M M M M M
Cy
Cy N Cy N Cv
N
H W N W N W W N
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
to
to fe)
Nuc
koll
s C
ount
y
3-
7-
6dd.......
4-
7-2
6aa..
....
.8-3
0aal.
....
30aa
2.....
30
aa3
....
.
30aa
4.....
W.
N.
Sta
tz....... .
......................................
.....d
o.....................................................
.....d
o.....................................................
.....d
o.....................................................
....
.do..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.......
1916
1928
1333
1932
1952
1934
77.0
72.0
200
100
100
200
112
8 Si
12 3 8 12 7
M M M AI M M M
Cy
Cy T Cv T Cv
W W E E E E W
To
To
To
To
To
To
To
Tab
le 5
. R
eco
rd
of w
ells
and
irr
igat
ion
pra
ctic
es C
ontin
ued
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng p
oint
Description
Sn
3o
w>
S sr-
£
~ £
CD <U _
a? (1)
<»
Altitude abov sea leve
l (i
Sta
tic
wat
er l
evel
w _
0)
0)
0
"Si 1
-r
t<u
o P
"c 0) d <u ^ n CD
0) S CM
O <U
1
0) Drawdown
(fe
5 CD T3 V
Reported yie]
per
minut
t-, "cd CM
O 0)
« £ Use per
year
i o S-l CD
41 > > *H 2
? d>
cu
O
.S
0) C
M M
CD
O.
| £
r-( 3 J2 c Metho
d of
dis w
ater
e o
CD O ^
. »H
"
CD
J)
g
Average
numb irrigat
ed y
M .22
O
i0,
0)
s h
Consumptive
per
acre (a
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
0
W
0) 0
CD 0) A ft [Available irri
Lin
coln
Co
un
ty C
on
tin
ued
1 ^-^,1
-
1 R
16
cd..
....
20
bb
....
..2
2d
a...
...
9?Q
Q
25
cd..
....
28cc
......
30ad
......
Tp
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
-0.5 1.0 .0 1.5
1.5 .0 .2 .0
3,04
0.50
3,06
3.48
3,08
0.50
3,08
3.33
3,05
6.65
3,24
8.04
3,14
7.92
3,11
5.96
24.2
033
.98
42.2
043
.67
21.6
3
214.
2710
6.66
73.1
4
July
20
, 19
50O
ct.
20,
1950
July
21
, 19
50O
ct.
19,
1950
Oct
. 25
, 19
50
Oct
. 19
, 19
50..
...d
o.............
Oct
. 18
, 19
50
PD
, S N S N S S N
Nuck
oll
s C
ount
y
3-
7-
6dd......
4-
7-2
6aa..
....
8-3
6aal.
...
30aa
2....
30si
si3
....
30aa
4....
30ac
......
Tc
Tc
Tc
0.0 .9 1.0
58.4
354
.18
80 80 74.5
8
80
Sep
t.
25,
1952
Dec
. 6,
193
5O
ct.
31,
1952
....
.do
.............
June
8,
194
8
Oct
. 31
, 19
52
25 6 9 20 9
N N P P P P P
to 00
p p p p p a o- D- o- o- o- or en ^ co to i
.. Western Public Se .. City of Holdrege.. .. .....do................ .. .....do................ .. .....do................
! * co I '. -a
oo oo co co -a en co o to co
00 O 00 00 00
K KKKK
en i
oo -a i i
co co to to -aCT P O. n CTcr o o n cr
P P P
a * « 3 3
0 H H H 21 H
CO CO CO
co co en
tO I-* t-> i-i!- 00 00 tOo en en o
0
oo i-. t-. en oo oo en
nngg
^ H H H
[2j 22 H WWW IZloq O^CTQ
§ 4?§s§§ s§£4?4?en en co en en enO O O O O O
en co CQ en :O O O O
I-* O COi i i co co co co co
en en en en en i i ill
!- 1 1 tO tO
O O O O P Pp p. p- p p p-
1 51Dl
n o£
.. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail .. Village of Elsie.........................
3 8. n p
CO 00 ^ CO
COen
to t-' co to to to i-* co i-* co en en o -a oo en en oo o o
co to oo co oo
KKKKK
O O 1-9 O O ,.3
: oo
^ W H H ^ d
to to
H H H H H H o o o o o o
: o OW
O
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-foot of water (dollars)
Geologic source
Type of material
3.'
o
vxsvnaajs: 'jsrvonandaH-axj-vid '
4^ 4^ >£» CO CO CO CO tO -Jpj p p o. cr p a. oa1 a1 tr cr crooo
CO CO COco o co4* w -J
> in O *-<c .2 o £ ^O *
to co -j 01
co co co com >^ 4^ >^to co co -i
4* to too o o ;o o o
O O O O P3o a. cr P P
Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other
Available irrigable acres
SEToisva
On
NS t-» i O CD CD
1 1 1 COCOCOtOtO ,S3 (0 !- M> >- 00 NS (0 !- 1 i^cotocoM as M> co co cn uiuiootot^ 01 o en ** o o cr o. o 2. o o o o. 00.0.0.0" o p p p cr o cr o. P >» o. o o o o cr o. p o cr P cr cr
1 3 .=-> o *i td g 13* H|
o ^ 2- s s 2 n> ,_, " o H
* fj llfl MM. rr S 3
1? Sstl i : s : M. ?r ; . j, . 01 n
i m ; : : i ! Si
.« 2S S .« o 2OF s ? ^ |oS2. 0 ,& ^ 3 ffi
"* "> B w £.> .^ S w a i-t- w JL HM H*p- : S 2 3 § : : B « g- : : ? n
':: : : -
i oi oo i *. o *. * ui> so*'-!-' moo M>co-4tc cnoitooi^ cocnocnco COCA-J>**UiOOUi-JOO O O
^^^i^to >!* it* en it* cji ^^t^Njco to cnooM|H- N|~ N|^
§§§§§ ggggg §§§§§ §§§§
^a^^o 5«?^^^ ^HH^O OHHO
221^^51 3^333 ^ HS!!Z! ^ ^W
£>£)£)£)£) £>£>£)£>£> £>£>£)£)£> £)£)&£) T3T3>a>aT3 O'OT3T3T3 7373-07373 7373>a>a
!:::: ::::: :OO:: iooo
Phelps County Continued
3n>P
Owner or user
l^1 p po.
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre -footof water (dollars)
> Geologic source -g
M'
n>
Type of material
HD
o t,
* ? 1
S
j 5
§
3 1 1
1» o n
Jo3 : n0
'aaHSHaj,vA\ Nvonandan-ai-i-viJ 'HaiVA\ QNJIOHO
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n p
racti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
l
Mea
suri
ng
poin
t
Description
IV
i
h
3
0
M0)
«
o
nl
C?
J3 '
<U
m 4) <u .!«
.
Altitude
abov
sea level
(i
Sta
tic
wate
r le
vel
i M nl
CT
ID
IV
fl
.«>
Depth
below i
ing
point
(f
ID to nt a *O
IV 8
"5 Drawdown
(fe
ra c 'cd T3
(VIV
3
H
g
a. a
"£
IV
"rt (4-1 O
IV
ra ^ O f-i CO
0) IV ft IV to 13
u nt Pumpage per feet
)
bo rH z Method
of
dis wate
r
to S-,
CJ ««
>>
^
nl
1J
fl)
Average numt irriga
ted j
"rt
£ cv o
V
to £j
Consumptive
per
acre (a
Cro
ps
irri
gate
d
Principal
Other
to IV
S-, o> £> & Available
irri
Ph
elp
s C
ounty
Conti
nued
5-1
8-
4ab
6.....
6ab
.......
15cb.......
19
- 4
bc.......
22da.......
28dd.......
35db.......
20-
5cc
. ......
16dc
. ......
18cc
. ......
19cc
. ......
21cd.......
26da.......
27
ca..
....
.29dd.......
32bb.......
32cc.......
34cb..
....
.
Hb
Hb
Tc
Tc
Tc
Hb
Tc
Tc
Hb
Tp
Tc
Tc
Tc
Tc
Hb
Tc
Tc
1.0
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.2
2.6
1.2
2.0
1.7
1.5 .8 2.4 1.0 .1
2,3
37.9
52,3
16.0
02,3
14.0
7
2,4
16.0
02,3
80.3
1
2,3
59.6
72,4
04.9
1
2,2
71.7
62,3
68.8
72,4
00.5
82,2
52.6
32,3
09.9
7
2,2
85.7
12,3
06.1
22,3
15.0
82,3
03.2
52,2
15.7
9
146
160.
57147.8
416
0.75
21
0.2
5205.3
617
Q199.8
414
6.35
41.1
512
4.50
169.
5538.2
21
09
.20
77.0
798.7
010
4.10
106.
5734.6
6
June
16,
1947
July
24
, 19
47O
ct.
7,
1949
Jun
e 1,
19
48
Jan
. 21
, 19
48Ju
ly
24,
1947
June
12,
1948
July
24
, 19
47Ju
ly
22,
1948
....
.do
....
....
....
..Ju
ly
26,
1948
.....d
o..
....
....
...
.....d
o..
....
....
...
June
7,
1948
Julv
22
, 19
48Ju
ly
24,
1948
.....d
o..............
July
26
, 19
48Ju
ne
7,
1948
1215
050
0 60 550
N I ID
, S
N 0 P I S
D,
SD
, S
S N ND
, S N N
to
M
Tab
le 5
. R
ecord
of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
prac
tice
s C
on
tin
ued
Wel
lO
wne
r o
r u
ser
Yea
r d
rill
ed
C" <£ 1<
4-l
O £
0.
<D Q
C?
H m d
o ^
"3
<u r £ Q
H m
d
o "3 0) O. l>j E-1
M 0) X! U C of screen .a M
C (U J
O. a *o <u a i>j E-1
0) X! U
C ^d.
diameter s "o CJ
a> So
a m s 0) JO 3 &
power
0 8. E-1
o 5 S?
o ^
"3 *
"S <«
M 0 CJ
Aquif
er
c source 'o "o 0) O
material
"5 0.
^1 E-i
Ph
elp
s C
ounty
Conti
nued
6-1
7-
15ad
.......
24ad
.......
28ba.
......
SOcc
c .....
36
aa..
....
.
36db.......
18
-12
bc.
......
13
da.
....
..28cc
.......
28dc.
......
Sla
b.......
33aa
.......
33
bd
l...
..
33bd?.
....
19-
2aa
.......
7cc
1 9or>
18ba.
......
20bcl.
....
A.
H.
Shel
ton... .
....
....
....
.. ..
........................
H.
Well
s..................................................
H.
Warp
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
..
C.
Burg
eso
n......................................
....
...
.....d
o.....................................................
Cen
tral
Neb
rask
a P
ubli
c P
ow
er &
Ir
rigat
ion D
istr
ict.
Vil
lage
of L
oom
is.....................................
1946
19
50
1938
19
51
1948
1941
19
39
1944
19
48
1943
1951
19
47
1947
1900
19
51
1907
170.
0
160
183.
0
165
141.
0 16
8 20
0 19
5
208
182.
0 18
7 18
2 15
1.0
181
200
254
18 8 18 14
18 18 18
12 8 1 4 5*
18
M M M M
M M M
M
M
M M M
M
T
T
T
T T T T T T T
T T T T N Cy T N T
Ng E
Ng T D Ng
Ng P E
E N W
D N
E
0.65
8.15
1.60
Qp
Qp
QP
QP
Qp
QP
QP
Qp
QP
QP
Qp
Qp
Qp
QP
QP
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
S,G
S
,G
S,G
S
.G
S,G
S,G
S
,G
S, G
S
,G
S.G
S,G
S,
G
S,G
S
.G
S,G
S,G
CO
01- 09- O 9iIZ£S
o oo cotr tr P o p o
CO CO CO COCO CO CO CO I-*pj o" O" P PP a a P tr
CO CO I l-i COCO CO CO CO OSo. o a tr o. o o P o tr
CO CO CO CO H»a> o co >f* enp o tr P pP o P a. CL
H M M o tr o
M M tr o
en en to en o
co co coo co * *« co co
o? » C pc-i >
S-
CO CO CO CO* . il^ en tf'00 CO [S3 CO
Co CO CO CO CO^ en *> *> tf»-oo to co -a -J
CO CO CO*- en *>co co co
-4 CO COen co oo en o
en * os
>: >
I
Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other
Available irrigable acres
6STvxva oisva
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
lO
wne
r o
r use
rY
ear
dri
lled
_ 0) c2J is "o .g "S. Q
bo c ID a
O ^
CM
IDO
fl)
^ fi
« c
0)
51
nj Q
casing
, , o n, E-1
"ra"
1 - '
<u 0) t, o to CM £ c J
a,
S a CM O a E-1
'to*
x: o 7"" <u diamet c S _3 "o U
m bo
to CM O J^ _g g a
power
CM O n, E-1
o 2 g S
y
_(S o
0) 2
-
'o! 5
5 rt ?
*° "
oto O U
Aquif
er
a) : sourci rl M "o <u a
Is 0) rt S 0 <u a. H
Phel
ps
County
Conti
nued
6-1
9-2
0bc2
.....
21dc.
......
23da.
......
27
bb
....
...
20-
Sab
.......
lOaa
,
28ad
.......
7-17-
Qai-
llcb
....
...
30bb.......
34
bb
....
...
Q C
nn
18-
3cc.
....
..
27ab
. ...
...
35ab
.......
19-
2bd.......
W
O
Just
E.
H.
Sil
ver
Est
ate
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
TV/F
t*
TT
lo^rv
^
Irri
gat
ion D
istr
ict.
R
. J.
Get
ty....... .
..............................
....
....
Irri
gat
ion D
istr
ict.
1949
1952
1949
1898
1941
1938
1900
1047
1948
1946
1948
1949
244
165.
520
0
252
202.
3
212.
0
60 100.
084
.8
921
?7 84
.7
114.
012
311
411
6.2
4 4 18 2 4 4 18 24 2 2 4 4 24 4
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
T N T Cy T N Cy Cy T T J Cy
Cv N T T N
E N D W P N H W T T E W w N P N
2.21
6.40
Qp
Qp
Qp
QP
Qp(
?)Q
p
Qp
QP
QP
QP
QP
QP
On
Qp
QP QP
QP QP
s S,G
S, G
S,G
S, G
S, G
S,G
CO o
CO 1
co to o: to cn -3 P cr P P p a cr cr
o o cr
^4* cn O
co co toO5 00 00 CJ tO 4*
00 Oh- O CO O
O5 O5 -J O5 4* 00 CO 4*
4* tO h-
<<< (TO <<< (TO
to i i cn i-- to cn
CO CO CO CO
oo to oo -3
00 00o o o o
! wi i
-J 1
00 -3 1 1
co co co co i-> toCO CJ * 'OOH-'COCOo p cr OCTOPP o P cr o cr cr o a
M* *9»9»i H- co to * to
rfi co co cn o o to 4*
to to to to to to coco to co to to to to h-i to * cn cn o co cn cn oo -3 cj cn -jl_i CO !- -3 O5 00 Oco o cn to -J co o
oo cn cj cncntococo o cj cn oo j oo 05 jto CO (&. i i-i-j^i-i CO C35 O O ~J 00 t^ 00
CHCHCH >[>;>£-,£-,ccc E?cc^^0H- H" ' P >h >h *" t ' v^v^ v^OP^flpv^v^
co i- H- to o 4* co to cn -j -j co
imcOCO COCOCOCOCO
000000 00 J d 00 00
p M p _, _, p ^ CQ CQ CQ ^
O5
CO >- O CO
1 1 I-* tO tO tO tO O 00 -3 CO h-> OP P cr a a cr p cr cr P o o
o cr o cr
CO h- h- tO
to to toi^ co coO5 O5 -Jitx co -3cn to -j
co H-1 to 4>. cn co i-- cj cn o co -joo cn i i cn
g |> g J> g g <<< Op <<< Op <<< v<
~] i-> cn to cn to
tn CO CO CO CO f**
00 tO 00 tO 00 CO
i-> co
00 00cn o oo00 0
: o : : :
: o : o :
i bl M
T>
1mnp
i0F.c n>a
n>
Description
Height above or be- $ low (-) land sur- face (feet) 2.
ffq
sea level (feet) H-
Depth below measuring point (feet)
Po
S- (S1
Date of measurement 5*
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal ^. -3 %
Other l^
a
Available irrigable acres
viva oisva:
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd i
rrig
atio
n pra
cti
ces
Con
tinu
ed
Wel
lO
wne
r or
use
rY
ear
dri
lled
_ "S 0)C
M 0) "3 ^ 0) Q
I
to n) o o|
"S i.
C re S
casing
CM o 0) a E-
"ra" u y C of screen (: .g tuo c J
1 aC
M o 0) a H
"to"
0) o c diameter ( § M r^ u
[a 0) bo
js *S 0) 1
power o 0) a
0 c2 i "^
o JS "S 0)
*-
»
.
(U
o "S
In o U
Aquif
er
c source a o Q 0) O
material
"8 £
Ph
elp
s C
ounty
Conti
nued
7-1
9-
12bb.......
12cc
.......
163,0
16ba.
......
17db.......
23ad
.......
26dd.......
28
ba.
....
..20
- 4bb.......
8d
a.......
18
cd..
....
.2
4ad
....
...
25ad
.......
28bb.......
28dc
. ...
...
29ba.
......
31
cal.
....
Irri
gat
ion
Dis
tric
t.
F.
Co
le..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
...d
o..
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
Irri
gat
ion D
istr
ict.
....
.do
....
....
....
....
.. ..
............................ ..
...
... .
.do
.. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
. ................
W.
F.
Malm
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
.....
Vil
lage
of
Bert
rand...................................
1939
1948
1948
1951
1934
1903
91.0
138.
013
314
9 82.0
56.0
185
127.
5
193.
3
202
185
194.
017
3.1
178.
025
6
91
1 18 oi
1 124 4 4 -*
1
3|
16 4 3 3 2 10
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
Cy N T Cy T N N T Cy Cy N Cy T Cv N Cv N T
8
W N W D N N P W W N W T W N H N E
3.26
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
QP
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp
Qp Qrt?
S, G
S, G
S, G
S,G
CO to
CO tO tO -S3 tO tO !- t co oo oo cn tl* oo o cr D. J to to o ID CD o y o. D. ft
*~3 *"3 'T 35 ffi *~1 O O O O O1 O
^ ^ jO t-i
ft^ rf* ^ 00 O Oi
to to ^o to to to
CD 01 -o i-1 co -acn i-1 ~o oo !- -a01 cn >-' 01 co 01 Oi ^ Jn CO 01 O5
tto i-1O CD
1 1!- tOtO tO 1 !- !- 1 l-i^oo^oocn co j en en toto
ooocro oo" o* o
1
CD Ol to Cn O OO 00 O
to to to to toto to torf^Ol^ CO COCO CO CO-joco ti*. co-a cn !- coi-JCft oo H--OO cn oo^ICDOl tO 0001 1 tj O CO CD I-' rf^-a to to
tl* CO -J -O CO Ol Ol^ ft^ t » 00 4^ O CO
l^t CO oO O t * CD CO 00 3 O 00 00
c-i c-i cn *2 c-i c-i n c a> o c P3 ff t3 " 3 3 _ (D ^ r* "* (D ** 3I tO t-O I to CD CD CO Jl tO O
-JOOI->H-*t^ CftCD-JCO Ol^ O 1 * Cft tO ^ t * tO ^ tO CO*J
Ol CO CO H- tO O1CO tO Oto »- to cn -j uico o -a
p£.£,no oo^^ cro
!- H--tO l I-- tO to l co K-* to t * Cft oooocnoi ^Cft
CD CD CO O CD CO
J 00 ^ 3 00 00
p M pco co
CDCOCOCDCD COCDCOCD CDCD
ooooooto-a -acoco-a -aco
: : : : : I : : : : > : : : : : :
Phelps County Cont
H"3a> a
1
Description
Height above or be- j", low (-) land sur- ^ face (feet) 5'
73Altitude above mean 2.
sea level (feet) H-
Depth below measur- ing point (feet) i?
CD.
Date of measurement ftn
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal %2. >-s
OQ OOther g- "S
o.
Available irrigable acres
SSToisva
CO -3 1 1
CO CO O1 1 1
CO CO CO CO CO COM N> N> N> N> N> CO CO tO CO CO COen en en en rfi coco co 4^ co t->O4^co i-> i->i->i-> &n or w cr no. 00.0 OO.CTO. o. o o o
g^ O M SO J8 O O M <
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Type of casing
Length of screen (inches)
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Description
Height above or be low {-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
3easurin
cm §5'
CO
c water level
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
irrigated yearly
per acre (acre -fee
Principal
Other
t)
a
Available irrigable acres
281vj,va oisvs
Tab
le 5
. R
ecor
d of
wel
ls a
nd ir
riga
tion
prac
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s C
on
tin
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wne
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of
well I Q
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. ......
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1948
1906
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1947
1936
1949
1950
1906
1936
48 63.0
92 89 58 140.0
76
18 365i
18 18*l 4
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Description
Height above or be low (-)land sur- face (feet)_____
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
OthertS o
Available irrigable acres
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Webster County Continued
A
Owner or user
a
Depth of well (feet)
Diameter of casing (inches)
Type of casing
Type of pump
Column diameter (inches)
Number of stages
Type of power
Cost of fuel per acre-footof water (dollars)
Geologic source ftK (V
Type of material
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io
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o : : : : : : : : :
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Description
Height above or be low (-) land sur face (feet)
Altitude above mean sea level (feet)
Depth below measur ing point (feet)
Date of measurement
Drawdown (feet)
Reported yield (gallons per minute)
Use of water
Use per year (hours)
Pumpage per year (acre- feet)
Method of distributing water
Average number of acres irrigated yearly
Consumptive use of water per acre (acre-feet)
Principal
Other.
Available irrigable acres
681vxva oisva
INDEX
Acknowledgments_ 5Adams County Canal-..--.._-----_.__- 10Alluvium_...______.______.- 19 Anions, relation to total ionic concentration. _ 39 Artesian water, Dakota group ------------- 14Basicdata- -. - - 47-139Big Blue River 9Bignell loess..--__.__- _-._.__...__ 19 Boron, in water for irrigation.-----------_._ 44Bruleclay - - 15-16Calcium bicarbonate, in water for domestic
use.--.--. -.. _ ._ 42-43 Calcium, in water for irrigation __ ___ 43,44 Cambridge arch__..._..____._ . 14 Carltleshale- 14, pi. 2Cations, relation to total ionic concentration.. 39 Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation
District---. - 9,21,24Chadron formation..__ _. .._ 15,16 Chemical analyses, ground water. _. _.. _ 34-36
water in Johnson Reservoir____ __ 37 Chemical quality, ground water 33-44Climate-- - 10-13Closed basins _ 6-7,8,9,23Coefficient of transmissibility __ ... 16 Colorado group_ _ _ 14-15Conclusion..--_. .._.__.---._____ 44-45 Cretaceous rocks, Upper Cretaceous series.--- 13-15 Crete formation, character and thickness.. 18, pi. 2
perched water in.. . ..._....... 19,20source of dune sand -- _.___ 8
Crops irrigated._...._____.__ _ 28Dakota group.._._______..._____ 13-14Developments, electric power and irrigation.. 9-10Discharge, ground-water.._ .. -.. 24-30,32-33
from wells.. 27-30,32-33natural-.---.----..--.-..--_ 26-27,32
Dissolved so lids in water...- _._. __ 39Divides, ground-water._---------_._.... 21,24
topographic..... 7-8,10,21 Domestic wells._.______. ______. 29 Dune sand-__. _____..______... 8,19,33 Effluency, point of, on streams....___._. 26-27 Evaporation. . _.._....__.__ 13,24,26 Extent of area... _..__.___._...._. 2 Fluctuations of water table__. __. ____. 30,32 Fort Hayes limestone member, Niobrara for
mation..____.___.__._ 14 Fullerton formation, character and thick
ness -------------- ----. 18, pi. 2perched water supported by__.. ___. 20
Fuson shale............__._...._..__ 13-14Geography 6-13Geologic formations...____-...._...__ 13-19Glaciation.. ............ 17-19Grand Island formation, character and thick
ness.__.__._____ ... 18, pi. 2source of irrigation water...__-..-..... 19
Graneros shale...... . .... 14Ground water, chemical quality.... 33-44
configuration of water table ... ------ 20-21depth below land surface.-.---.---- - 22discharge 24,26-30effect of withdrawals on natural discharge. 44-45 increase la storage...-.---.--... - 24 movement_ _------- ... ------ 21-22potential development . ...... - 32-33recharge-_ 22-24suitability for domestic use ---------- 42-43,45suitability for industrial use...... 45suitability for irrigation.... 43-44,45thickness of saturated zone. 20
Hardness of water 40-42,42-43,45Holdrege formation, character and thickness..17-18,
pi. 2 source of irrigation water. -------------- 19
lUinoian stage of glaciation.. _.----------- 18Industrial wells... ... . 30Investigations, methods..-.-- ------ 5,6
previous.- ------------- 4-5Iron, in water for domestic use .. 42,45Irrigable lands- -_._ 7,8,10,33 Irrigation practices--.------- ----- -- 28,60-139Irrigation wells 27-29Jeffrey Reservoir---------- --.--------- 10,24Johnson Reservoir, chemical anal^es of
water samples--------- - 37Johnson Reservoir and power plants...... 10,24Kansan stage of glaciation ...... 18Lake McConaughy ... .... .. 9Lakota sandstone... .. ... ... 13-14 Little Blue River, altitude, flow character
istics, and drainage area.... - 9amount of ground water in total discharge. 26
Livestock wells..- - - 29 Logs of wells and test holes, previously pub
lished, summary of._.. ...... 48-54previously unpublished . 55-59
Loveland formation, character an<J thick ness ---- 18, pi. 2
Magnesium, in water for irrigation ----- 43,44Main lateral E-65 10Medicine Creek 26Medicine Creek Dam.------------------ .. 24Methods of investigation... . 5-6 Movement of ground water, direction..... 21-22,24Nebraska University Conservation and Sur
vey Div., test-hole drill'ng and logging..---------..--.- 4-5,17, pi. 2
Nebraska loess plain.. ... ------ 6Nebraskan stage of glaciation-..... 18Niobrara formation...-------------- 14-15,pi. 2North Platte Power and Irrigation dis Met 9 Numbering system, wells and test holes-- - 6,7
141
142 INDEX
Ogallala formation, character and thick ness._____________. 16, pi. 2
chemical quality of water-___.-... 33-44,45 coefficient of permeability.--__-.__.- 16 source of dune sand. _. ______.. 8 water-bearing characteristics__... 16-17,20-30
Oligoeene deposition.___.______.__ 15-16 Omadi sandstone_____.________.. 14 Pearlette ash member of Sappa formation.... 18Peorian loess, thickness and character - 18-19, pi. 2 Perched ground water___.. ___ 19,20,21-22,23 Perkins tableland...___...._____... 7Permeability, field coefficient of, definition.. 16
Ogallala formation......_..__..... 16Pleistocene deposits..__.____.. 19
Personnel...__._____.._______ 5 Phelps County Canal......-------__----- 10Pierreshale ..--.--.------.-.----.-.... 15, pi. 2Platte River, altitude, flow characteristics,
and drainage area ..._-__.- 7-9 Platte Valley Public Power and Irrigation
District..-.. - . ...- 21 Pleistocene deposits. (See Quaternary de
posits) Pliocene deposition........................ 15,16-17Plum Creek.-..-.-.-.-- .-..---..........- 26-27Power and irrigation projects, recharge from.. 24Precipitation, annual amount...____.__ 10-12
source of recharge..__...._......_.. 22-23Previous investigations._-...._..___.. 4-5Public-supply wells.-.______.__.___ 29-30 Pumping of ground water, effect on stream-
flow- . ......... 45Quality of ground water, chemical...____ 33-44 Quaternary deposits, chemical quality of
water .. - 33-44,45coefficient of permeability.------------_ 19thickness of saturated zone.._ .. .. 20 water-bearing characteristics. - __.. 20-30 water-yielding capacity______...__ 19
Recent deposits.--... .-...- ...---...-.-. 19 Recharge, ground-water.___. __ 22-24,32-33,44 References. ..______.-_____-__ 45-46 Republican River, altitude, flow characteris
tics and drainage area....__..-- 7-9Residual sodium carbonate, in water for irriga
tion..__.-_ . --- 44 Sand-dune areas, location...._.__._..... 8
rate of recharge...___...._._..__ 23
Sappa formation, character and thickness.. 18, pi. 2 support for perched ground water ..._ 20
Smoky Hill chalk member, Niobrara forma tion..... .. -.. . 14
Sodium, in wacer for irrigation 43,44 Soil ---- - 7,23,43,44Sutherland Canal..--------------------- 9-10,24Sutherland Reservoir__ . . ... 10,24 Temperature_________.______... 12-13 Tertiary rocks, Oligoeene a^d Pliocene
series.... 15-17, pi. 2Todd Valley sand, character an! thickness.. 18
perched water in...___. --.. .... 19,20source of dune sand... .-. 8 source of irrigation water.. 19
Topography and drainage__ 6-9, pi. 1 Transpiration.-..--.-.. - ... 26 Tri-County Canal______ _-__-__ 10,24 Tri-County irrigation project------------- 21,44U.S. Public Health Service, water-quality
standards.....---_--.._--------- 42Upland plain, distribution of irrigation wells.. 27
highly dissected .......- ... 8,23, pi. 1moderately dissected _ 7-8, pi. 1 undirected_....____ .......6-7,23, pl.l
Usability of water, for domestic purposes. - 42-43,45 for irrigation . 43-44,45
Water table, configuration and position. .. 20-21,pis. 3, 4
definition . - -- 20depth to-... 22,60-139, pi. 4significance of fluctuations.. _.__._ 30-32
Wells, discharge from . .. .... 27-30domestic and livestock.. . 29 industrial. 30irrigation, construction details . -. -. 27-28
crops irrigated ..... - . 28distribution on upland... ... 27 effect of pumping on water table..... - 32geologic source of water. -- 19 rate of installation-------------- 28-29safe number and distribr tion . -... 44 types of pumps.____ . .... 27-28
Wells, large-discharge, location of ----- pi. 1Wells, public-supply----.------------------- 29-30White River group-------.. -------------- 15-16Wind. - . ------ 13Wisconsin stage of glaciation... ... 19 Zone of saturation, thickness.------- 20, pis. 2, 3
The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows:
Johnson, Carlton Robert, 1926-Geology and ground water in the Platte-Republican Risers
watershed and the Little Blue River basin above Angus, Nebraska. With a section on Chemical quality of the ground water, by Robert Brennan. Washington, U.S. Govt, Print. Off., I960.
iv, 142 p. maps, diagrs., tables. 24 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Water-supply paper 1489)
Part of illustrative matter in pocket. -Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for
development of the Missouri River basin.Bibliography: p. 45-46.
(Continued on next c^rd)
Johnson, Carlton Robert, 1926- Geology and ground water in the Platte-Republican Rivers watershed and the Little Blue River basin above Angus, Nebraska. 1960. (Card 2)1. Water, Underground Nebraska. 2. Water-supply Nebraska.
3. Water Analysis. I. Brennan, Robert, 1923- II. Title: Platte- Republican Rivers watershed, Nebraska. III. Title: Little Blue F'ver basin, Nebraska. (Series)
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : I960 O -53Z176