1
3 4 5 7 Xg 8 8 1 6 4 30 8 25 30 40 10 10 15 25 26 16 65 5 10 40 20 7 40 45 15 15 30 6 15 75 60 10 10 75 20 25 5 77 30 18 Th 20 Qa3 Qa3 Qa2 Qa4 Tcu Qa4 Qa4 20 Qa2 10 Tcl Tcl Th Qa3 Tda Xg Qa3 Tda Xg Ta Xg QTa1 Tda Tda Xgr Xgl Qa4 Qa2 Tcl QTa1 Ta Ta QTa1 Th QTa1 Xg Qa3 Qa2 Th Ta Tcl Trbg Xgp Tda Tbc Ta Qa3 Th Qa2 Tc Xgr Trbg QTa1 Xhl Ta Qa2 Qa3 Qa3 Qa3 Tbc Xg Qa3 Tm Xgp QTa1 Yb Tm Th QTa1 Qa3 Qt Tcl Tbc Tc Yb Xgr Tda Qa3 Th Qa3 Xgr Xg Qa2 Tob Qa3 Qa2 Tc Tm Xgm Xgl QTa1 Qa2 Xg Xg Tm Trbs Tmg Tob Tm Xgr Xg Ql Th Xhl QTa1 Trbs Xgm Qa3 Tdo Qa2 Th Tc QTa1 Qa3 Tcl Ta Tbco Tda Qa3 Th Qa4 Qa3 Tcu QTa1 QTa1 QTa1 QTa1 Trb Xgp QTk QTk Tc Tcu Th Tbc Ta Qa2 Qa3 Tcl Qa3 Tm Qa2 Qa2 Tby Tc Qa2 Ta Ql Ta Trbs Tbco Qa3 Xg Qa2 Qa3 Th Twt Xg Xg QTa1 TXbrk Tdc Xgr Tda Tc Tc TXbrk Qa3 Tm Tcu Xg Tbco Qa3 QTa1 QTa1 QTa1 Qa2 Tob Th Qa3 Xgg Tob Qa3 Xgg Qa2 Tdo Qa3 Trs Qa2 Xgm Tm Tbx Tbx Qa3 Xgm Tbc Qa2 Qt Tc Tbx Tmg Qa2 QTa1 Tm Qa3 Tm Ta Qa2 Tdo Trbs Tm Tc Tda Tdc Tcu Twt Tda Tcu Qa3 Th QTa1 Tmg Xgg Twt QTa1 Tbco Qa2 Tm Th Th Tbx Xgm Trb QTa1 Th Trb Tm Th Qt Qt Qa2 Tc Tbx Qa2 Ta Th Qa3 Xg Tda Qt QTa1 Tby Ql Ql Tby Tc Tda QTk Qa2 Tda Ql Qa2 Xgl Qt Trbg Tlr Th Qa2 Qa4 Qa4 Qa4 Qa4 Qa4 Qa3 Ta Qa3 Tca Qa4 Tm Qa4 Qa3 Qa3 Qa3 Qa3 Trg Qa3 Qa2 Qa3 Tm QTa1 Qa3 Qa2 Qa3 QTa1 Qa3 Th QTa1 Xgl Trbg Qa3 Trbg Trbs Ql Qa4 Lake Mead Qa4 Qa4 Tr Tr Tm Qa3 TXbrk Qa4 Qa3 Xgm Tdc QTa1 Qa2 Tda Qa2 QTa1 Tbx Th Tbc Tdh Twt Qa3 Xgm Xgp Tbco Qa4 Qa2 Tdh Tdo Tdo Tdh Trg Th Tmg Qa3 QTk QTk Tda? Tr Qa3 Trs QTa1 Tr QTa1 Xgm Tbx Tm QTa1 Tob Qa2 Qa2 Qa2 Tm Twt Tlr QTa1 Tdc Tbx Tlr Th Tbc Th Qa2 Trb Tbco Tlr Tlr Tlr Th Trg Qa3 QTk QTk Qa4 Tbco QTa1 QTk QTa1 Tr Tr Tbx Tda Tm Qa2 QTk QTk Xgm Tbx Tr Trg Trg Trg Tm Xgm Xgl QTk Trbg Tda Tca Xgl Xgm Tm Tob Tca Qa4 Ta QTk QTk QTk Tby Tby Th Tmg? QTk Trg Trg Tdh Tm Tmg Tbi Tbco Tbx Qa4 Tby QTk QTk Qa2 Tbx Tcu Twt Tdc Tob Tc Tbc Tbc Tob Xgm Th QTa1 QTk Th Tbi Tob Tlr Tdo Tca Trg Trg Tmg Tda Yd QTk Tmg Tct Tct Tct Tct Tlr Tct Tct Twt Th Tct Qa4 Tdc Tob Tbi Tct 7 5 4 3 5 6 5 5 5 2 8 5 5 5 5 7 3 3 6 5 8 2 5 38 4 5 5 5 9 3 3 2 3 5 15 10 25 12 20 20 50 24 60 55 40 30 55 10 20 20 65 30 35 25 25 40 40 30 35 35 35 40 25 25 50 25 2 50 30 25 30 35 30 55 40 25 30 20 80 25 30 55 15 65 45 80 50 60 60 35 60 45 45 35 36 40 20 25 87 65 80 10 80 70 75 15 20 15 35 30 15 35 35 40 15 20 20 10 35 45 35 45 20 18 26 11 12 10 7 65 35 10 20 50 40 20 20 35 30 45 35 30 12 25 35 18 25 50 20 45 20 65 70 15 15 35 45 85 65 60 33 40 70 45 80 30 20 55 70 35 30 30 10 50 50 30 50 40 65 45 24 16 20 15 60 80 20 20 85 65 12 15 15 20 10 15 15 15 75 70 20 20 20 40 20 20 20 A A114°07'30" 27'30" R. 20 W. R. 19 W. R. 21 W. R. 20 W. R. 19 W. R. 18 W. R. 18 W. R. 17 W. R. 20 W. R. 19 W. R. 21 W. R. 20 W. R. 18 W. R. 17 W. 114°30' 35°52'30" 36° 57'30" 35°52'30" 55' 36° 114°07'30" 15' 22'30" 114°30' T. 30 N. T. 29 N. 27'30" 25' 55' 25' 22'30" 20' 17'30" 15' 12'30” 10' 57'30" T. 29 N. T. 30 N. 10' 12'30" 17'30" 20' 39 80 000m. N. 39 75 000m. N. 39 85 000m. N. 7 30 000m. E. 7 40 000m. E. 7 50 000m. E. 39 85 000m. N. 39 80 000m. N. 39 75 000m. N. 7 30 000m. E. 7 50 000m. E. 7 40 000m. E. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government This map was printed on an electronic plotter directly from digital files. Dimensional calibration may vary between electronic plotters and between X and Y directions on the same plotter, and paper may change size due to atmospheric conditions; therefore, scale and proportions may not be true on plots of this map. For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372 Suggested citation: Howard, K.A., Priest, S.S., Lundstrom, S.C., and Block, D.L., 2017, Geologic map of the northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3372, pamphlet 31 p., scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372. ISSN 2329-132X (online) https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372 Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona By Keith A. Howard, Susan S. Priest, Scott C. Lundstrom, and Debra L. Block 2017 CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 2017 11 / ° 1 2 MAGNETIC NORTH TRUE NORTH Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Garnet Mountain NW, Senator Mountain NE, Senator Mountain NW, 1989, 1:24,000 Transverse Mercator projection; 1927 North American Datum Geology mapped by K.A. Howard, 1997-2009, and S.C. Lundstrom, 1997. Assisted by Zach Anderson, 2009. Includes selected structural data from Lucchitta (1966), Blacet (1975), Laney (1979a,b), Cascadden (1991), Duebendorfer and Sharp (1998), Blythe and others (2010), and Anderson and others (2013) GIS database and digital cartography by S.S. Priest and Debra L. Block Edited by Taryn A. Lindquist; digital cartographic production by Kathryn Nimz Manuscript approved for publication November 21, 2016 Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3372 Pamphlet accompanies map Qt Ql QTk Qa4 Qa3 Qa2 QTa1 Ta Tca Tdh Tdo Tda Tcu Tcl Tct Twt Yd TXbrk Yb Xhl Xgm Xgl Xg Tbc Tbco Tbx Th Tm Tby Tob Tdc Xgg Xgp Xgr Tmg Tbi Tc Tr Trg Trs Tlr Trb Trbg Trbs MESOPROTEROZOIC PALEOPROTEROZOIC CENOZOIC Upper Miocene Lower Pliocene Middle Miocene ANCIENT INTRUSIVE AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Local Unconformity Angular Unconformity Erosional Unconformity Erosional Unconformity Erosional Unconformity CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS [See Description of Map Units (in pamphlet) for precise unit ages] Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene Tertiary (Neogene) Quaternary Miocene and Proterozoic SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC ROCKS AND DEPOSITS Nonconformity Below Miocene Rocks LIST OF MAP UNITS [See Description of Map units (in pamphlet) for complete unit descriptions] SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC ROCKS AND DEPOSITS Talus deposits (Quaternary) Landslide and colluvium deposits (Quaternary) Piedmont alluvium Youngest alluvium (Holocene) Younger alluvium (Holocene) Intermediate-age alluvium (Pleistocene) Erosional Unconformity Calcrete (Pleistocene and Pliocene) Old piedmont alluvial deposits Old alluvium (Pleistocene and Pliocene) Older alluvium (Pliocene) Erosional Unconformity Ancestral Colorado River deposits (lower Pliocene) Bullhead Alluvium Bullhead Alluvium, undivided Sand Gravel River deposits of uncertain stratigraphic position River deposits, undivided Sand Gravel Limestone-block rubble (lower Pliocene) Erosional Unconformity Cemented alluvial conglomerate of White Elephant Wash (lower Pliocene) Deposits of Hualapai Wash (lower Pliocene) Hualapai Limestone (upper Miocene) Muddy Creek Formation(?) (upper Miocene) Mudstone Gypsum Conglomerate, undivided (upper and middle Miocene) Upper conglomerate (upper Miocene) Lower conglomerate (upper and middle Miocene) Tephra bed(s) (Miocene) Young olivine basalt (upper Miocene) Olivine basalt (middle Miocene) Intrusive basalt (Miocene) Angular Unconformity Mount Davis Volcanics (middle Miocene) Basaltic andesite Olivine-pyroxene basalt Volcanic-clast conglomerate Local Angular Unconformity Sedimentary breccia and conglomerate, undivided (middle Miocene) Old conglomerate Megabreccia Welded tuff (middle Miocene) Breccia, conglomerate, granite, and gneiss, undivided (Miocene and Proterozoic) Nonconformity Below Miocene Rocks ANCIENT INTRUSIVE AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS Diabase (Mesoproterozoic) Granite of Burro Spring (Mesoproterozoic) Leucogranite of Greggs Hideout (Paleoproterozoic) Gneiss, undivided (Paleoproterozoic) Mafic and quartz-poor gneiss Leucogranitic gneiss Paragneiss, garnet fresh Paragneiss, garnet partly retrograded Paragneiss, garnet retrograded EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS [Faults and folds are solid where location is certain; dashed where location is inferred; dotted where location is concealed. Queries added where identity or existence may be questionable] Contact—Solid where location is certain Faults Normal fault—Bar and ball on downthrown side. Showing dip where known Low-angle normal fault—Half-circles on upper plate Folds—Showing trace of axial surface and direction of plunge where appropriate Anticline Syncline Synform Strike and dip of bedding and volcanic layering Inclined—Showing dip where known Horizontal Strike and dip of foliation—Metamorphic or tectonic foliation in gneiss; compaction foliation in welded tuff Inclined—Showing dip where known Horizontal Vertical Slickenlines—Showing trend and plunge Form lines on lithologic layering—Showing dip direction or verticality as interpreted from aerial imagery Inclined Vertical Form line showing general orientation of metamorphic or tectonic foliation in cross section Drill hole—Approximate location (see table 1) Fluvial current direction—From imbrication and crossbedding in ancestral Colorado River deposits Qt Ql Qa4 Qa3 Qa2 QTk QTal Ta Trb Trbs Trbg Tr Trs Trg Trl Tca Tdh Th Tm Tmg Tc Tcu Tcl Tct Tby Tob Tbi Tda Tdo Tdc Tbc Tbco Tbx Twt TXbrk Yd Yb Xhl Xg Xgm Xgl Xgg Xgp Xgr 35 15 45 20 QTa1 Qa4 Qa2 Qa2 Qa4 QTa1 Tm Th Qa4 Qa3 Th QTa1 Qa4 ThTrbg Qa2 Qa4 Ql Trg Qa4 Tm Th Ql Th Tcl Qa3 Tda Tbc Qa2 Qa4 Xgm Xgm Xgm Xhl Qa4 Qa3 Qa3 QTa1 Tm Qa2 Qa4 Tda Tm Qa3 Trbs Trbg Qa2 Qa3 Qa4 Trb QTa1 Tmg Tm Tc Twt Tda Tda QTa1 Qa3 Th Tm Tda Th Tm Th Qa4 Tdh Tca QTa1 Qa4 Qa3 Xg Tc Xg Yb Qa3 Xg Qa2 Tdc Xgm Xgm Xgm Tcu Tby Twt Tbc Tbc Tbc Tbc Tbc Tbc Twt Twt Twt Tbc Tda Xgg Xgg Xgg Xgg Xgg Tbc Tda Tda Xgp? Xgp? Xgm Xg Xg Xg Tbc Twt Xgl scarp 3 Qa4 SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL 1000 –1000 –2000 –3000 METERS A D E T R I T A L V A L L E Y Detrital Wash Trail Rapids Wash Temple Wash T E M P L E B A S I N Salt Spring Wash AHualapai Wash “LOST BASIN RANGE” FEET –2000 –4000 4000 –6000 –10,000 –8000 2000 1000 –1000 –2000 –3000 METERS LOST BASIN RANGE FAULT nonmagnetic granite or gneiss (some Xgr lithotype in this zone) ICEBERG CANYON FAULT SALT SPRING FAULT L O S T B A S I N R A N G E F A U L T S A L T S P R I N G F A U L T ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave …Title Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona Author Keith A. Howard, Susan S. Priest, Scott C. Lundstrom,

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Page 1: Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave …Title Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona Author Keith A. Howard, Susan S. Priest, Scott C. Lundstrom,

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A A′

114°07'30"27'30" R. 20 W. R. 19 W.R. 21 W. R. 20 W. R. 19 W. R. 18 W. R. 18 W. R. 17 W.

R. 20 W. R. 19 W.R. 21 W. R. 20 W. R. 18 W. R. 17 W.

114°30'35°52'30"

36°

57'30"

35°52'30"

55'

36°114°07'30"15'22'30"114°30'

T. 30 N.

T. 29 N.

27'30" 25'

55'

25' 22'30" 20' 17'30" 15' 12'30” 10'

57'30"

T. 29 N.

T. 30 N.

10'12'30"17'30"20'

3980000m.N.

3975000m.N.

3985000m.N.

730000m.E. 740000m.E. 750000m.E.

3985000m.N.

3980000m.N.

3975000m.N.

730000m.E. 750000m.E. 740000m.E.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

This map was printed on an electronic plotter directly from digital files. Dimensional calibration may vary between electronic plotters and between X and Y directions on the same plotter, and paper may change size due to atmospheric conditions; therefore, scale and proportions may not be true on plots of this map.

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS

Digital files available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372

Suggested citation: Howard, K.A., Priest, S.S., Lundstrom, S.C., and Block, D.L., 2017, Geologic map of the northern White Hills, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3372, pamphlet 31 p., scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372.

ISSN 2329-132X (online)

https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3372

Geologic Map of the Northern White Hills, Mohave County, ArizonaBy

Keith A. Howard, Susan S. Priest, Scott C. Lundstrom, and Debra L. Block2017

CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEETAPPROXIMATE MEANDECLINATION, 2017

11 / °1 2

MA

GN

ETI

C N

OR

TH

TRU

E N

OR

TH

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Garnet Mountain NW, Senator Mountain NE, Senator Mountain NW, 1989, 1:24,000Transverse Mercator projection; 1927 North American Datum

Geology mapped by K.A. Howard, 1997−2009, and S.C. Lundstrom, 1997. Assisted by Zach Anderson, 2009. Includes selected structural data from Lucchitta (1966), Blacet (1975), Laney (1979a,b), Cascadden (1991), Duebendorfer and Sharp (1998), Blythe and others (2010), and Anderson and others (2013)GIS database and digital cartography by S.S. Priest and Debra L. BlockEdited by Taryn A. Lindquist; digital cartographic production by Kathryn NimzManuscript approved for publication November 21, 2016

Prepared in cooperation with theNational Park Service and Bureau of Land Management

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Map 3372Pamphlet accompanies map

Qt Ql

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MESOPROTEROZOIC

PALEOPROTEROZOIC

CENOZOIC

UpperMiocene

LowerPliocene

MiddleMiocene

ANCIENT INTRUSIVE AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Local Unconformity

Angular Unconformity

Erosional Unconformity

Erosional Unconformity

Erosional Unconformity

CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS

[See Description of Map Units (in pamphlet) for precise unit ages]

Miocene

Pliocene

Pleistocene

Holocene

Tertiary(Neogene)

Quaternary

Miocene andProterozoic

SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC ROCKS AND DEPOSITS

Nonconformity Below Miocene Rocks

LIST OF MAP UNITS

[See Description of Map units (in pamphlet) for complete unit descriptions]

SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC ROCKS AND DEPOSITSTalus deposits (Quaternary)

Landslide and colluvium deposits (Quaternary)

Piedmont alluviumYoungest alluvium (Holocene)

Younger alluvium (Holocene)

Intermediate-age alluvium (Pleistocene)

Erosional UnconformityCalcrete (Pleistocene and Pliocene)

Old piedmont alluvial depositsOld alluvium (Pleistocene and Pliocene)

Older alluvium (Pliocene)

Erosional UnconformityAncestral Colorado River deposits (lower Pliocene)

Bullhead AlluviumBullhead Alluvium, undivided

Sand

GravelRiver deposits of uncertain stratigraphic position

River deposits, undivided

Sand

Gravel

Limestone-block rubble (lower Pliocene)

Erosional UnconformityCemented alluvial conglomerate of White Elephant Wash (lower Pliocene)

Deposits of Hualapai Wash (lower Pliocene)

Hualapai Limestone (upper Miocene)

Muddy Creek Formation(?) (upper Miocene)Mudstone

Gypsum

Conglomerate, undivided (upper and middle Miocene)

Upper conglomerate (upper Miocene)

Lower conglomerate (upper and middle Miocene)

Tephra bed(s) (Miocene)

Young olivine basalt (upper Miocene)

Olivine basalt (middle Miocene)

Intrusive basalt (Miocene)

Angular UnconformityMount Davis Volcanics (middle Miocene)

Basaltic andesite

Olivine-pyroxene basalt

Volcanic-clast conglomerate

Local Angular UnconformitySedimentary breccia and conglomerate, undivided (middle Miocene)

Old conglomerate

Megabreccia

Welded tuff (middle Miocene)

Breccia, conglomerate, granite, and gneiss, undivided (Miocene and Proterozoic)

Nonconformity Below Miocene Rocks

ANCIENT INTRUSIVE AND METAMORPHIC ROCKSDiabase (Mesoproterozoic)

Granite of Burro Spring (Mesoproterozoic)

Leucogranite of Greggs Hideout (Paleoproterozoic)

Gneiss, undivided (Paleoproterozoic)

Mafic and quartz-poor gneiss

Leucogranitic gneiss

Paragneiss, garnet fresh

Paragneiss, garnet partly retrograded

Paragneiss, garnet retrograded

EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS[Faults and folds are solid where location is certain; dashed where location is inferred; dotted where location is concealed. Queries added where identity or existence may be questionable]

Contact—Solid where location is certain

FaultsNormal fault—Bar and ball on downthrown side. Showing dip where known

Low-angle normal fault—Half-circles on upper plate

Folds—Showing trace of axial surface and direction of plunge where appropriateAnticline

Syncline

Synform

Strike and dip of bedding and volcanic layeringInclined—Showing dip where known

Horizontal

Strike and dip of foliation—Metamorphic or tectonic foliation in gneiss; compaction foliation in welded tuff

Inclined—Showing dip where known

Horizontal

Vertical

Slickenlines—Showing trend and plunge

Form lines on lithologic layering—Showing dip direction or verticality as interpreted from aerial imagery

Inclined

Vertical

Form line showing general orientation of metamorphic or tectonic foliation in cross section

Drill hole—Approximate location (see table 1)

Fluvial current direction—From imbrication and crossbedding in ancestral Colorado River deposits

Qt

Ql

Qa4

Qa3

Qa2

QTk

QTal

Ta

Trb

Trbs

Trbg

Tr

Trs

Trg

Trl

Tca

Tdh

Th

Tm

Tmg

Tc

Tcu

Tcl

Tct

Tby

Tob

Tbi

Tda

Tdo

Tdc

Tbc

Tbco

Tbx

Twt

TXbrk

Yd

Yb

Xhl

Xg

Xgm

Xgl

Xgg

Xgp

Xgr

35

15

45

20

QTa1

Qa4

Qa2 Qa2Qa4

QTa1 TmTh

Qa4Qa3

Th

QTa1Qa4

ThTrbg

Qa2

Qa4 QlTrg

Qa4

Tm ThQl

Th TclQa3

Tda Tbc Qa2 Qa4 XgmXgm

Xgm

XhlQa4Qa3 Qa3

QTa1

TmQa2

Qa4Tda

Tm

Qa3Trbs Trbg

Qa2Qa3

Qa4Trb QTa1

Tmg TmTc

Twt Tda

TdaQTa1

Qa3Th

Tm

Tda

ThTm

Th

Qa4

TdhTca

QTa1

Qa4Qa3Xg

Tc

Xg

YbQa3

Xg

Qa2

Tdc

Xgm

Xgm

Xgm

Tcu Tby

TwtTbcTbc

Tbc

TbcTbc

Tbc

TwtTwt

Twt

Tbc

Tda

Xgg

XggXgg

Xgg

Xgg

Tbc TdaTda

Xgp?

Xgp?

Xgm

Xg

Xg

Xg

TbcTwt

Xgl

scarp 3Qa4

SEALEVEL

SEALEVEL

SEALEVEL

1000

–1000

–2000

–3000

METERS

A

D E T R I T A L V A L L E Y

DetritalWash

Trail RapidsWash Temple

Wash

T E M P L E B A S I N

Salt Spring Wash

Aꞌ

HualapaiWash

“LOSTBASINRANGE” FEET

–2000

–4000

4000

–6000

–10,000

–8000

2000

1000

–1000

–2000

–3000

METERS

LOST

BAS

IN R

ANGE

FAU

LT

nonmagnetic granite or gneiss(some Xgr lithotype in this zone)

ICEBERG CANYON FAULT

SALT SPRING FAULT

LO

ST

B

AS

I N

RA

NG

E

FA

UL

T

S A L T

S

PR

IN

G

FA

UL

T

??

??

??

??