GEOL3045: Planetary Geology

GEOL3045: Planetary Geology

Lysa Chizmadia

The Sun & Ulysses

Lysa Chizmadia

The Sun & Ulysses

IntroductionIntroduction Mass = 1.989 x 1030 kg

99.8% of solar system Diameter = 1.39 x 106 km Temperature

5800 (sfc) - 1.56 x 107 K (core)

Class G star (G2V) Population I star

metallicity high Galactic velocity

2.17 x 105 m/s Galactic period

2.25-2.5 x 108 a

Mass = 1.989 x 1030 kg 99.8% of solar system

Diameter = 1.39 x 106 km Temperature

5800 (sfc) - 1.56 x 107 K (core)

Class G star (G2V) Population I star

metallicity high Galactic velocity

2.17 x 105 m/s Galactic period

2.25-2.5 x 108 a Image from: asdictionary.blogspot.com

Image from: http://seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/sol.html

SpectroscopySpectroscopy Pure white light yields continuous

spectra, like a rainbow

Individual elements produce line spectra like fingerprints

Pure white light yields continuous spectra, like a rainbow

Individual elements produce line spectra like fingerprints

Stellar SpectroscopyStellar Spectroscopy Hot objects yields continuous spectra

Like a rainbow

Atoms emit light of specific wavelengths Line spectrum Individual to each atom (fingerprint)

Atoms in front of hot object, absorb light at their fingerprint wavelengths Absorption spectra

Hot objects yields continuous spectra Like a rainbow

Atoms emit light of specific wavelengths Line spectrum Individual to each atom (fingerprint)

Atoms in front of hot object, absorb light at their fingerprint wavelengths Absorption spectra

Images from: http://www.arm.ac.uk/~csj/pus/spectra/tot_l.html

Sun’s SpectraSun’s Spectra Sun is relatively cool (T=5,500K)

For comparison, Vega (T=10,000K)

Sun is relatively cool (T=5,500K)

For comparison, Vega (T=10,000K)

Images from: http://www.arm.ac.uk/~csj/pus/spectra/tot_l.html

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Sun SpotsSun Spots Cooler parts of Sun’s surface

3800 K vs. 5800 K 22 year cycles

Change in magnetic poles Differential rotation

Equator = 25.4 days Poles = 36 d

Layers:

Cooler parts of Sun’s surface 3800 K vs. 5800 K

22 year cycles Change in magnetic poles

Differential rotation Equator = 25.4 days Poles = 36 d

Layers:

Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

Image from: http://seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/sol.html

Image from: nmp.nasa.gov/ st5/SCIENCE/sun.html

AuroraAurora Borealis = north Australis = south Interaction of solar wind

with Earth’s magnetic field

Particles have E from 1-100 keV

Collisions with oxygen Green and red emissions

Collisions with nitrogen Low level red and very high

blue/violet

Borealis = north Australis = south Interaction of solar wind

with Earth’s magnetic field

Particles have E from 1-100 keV

Collisions with oxygen Green and red emissions

Collisions with nitrogen Low level red and very high

blue/violet

Images from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)

Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aurora_australis_20050911.jpg

Ulysses MissionUlysses Mission Launched by NASA in 1990 Gravity boosts by Jupiter in 1992

Sling-shotted out of ecliptic Perihelion = 5.2 AU Aphelion = 1.5 AU

Launched by NASA in 1990 Gravity boosts by Jupiter in 1992

Sling-shotted out of ecliptic Perihelion = 5.2 AU Aphelion = 1.5 AU

Image from: http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/

Ulysses (con’t)Ulysses (con’t) New solar cycle starting

Will be able to study sun spot cycle

How does a change in magnetic field effect solar wind, galactic cosmic rays & us on Earth?

Mission highlights: Observed 4 large coronal mass ejections

merge into large interplanetary shock wave Feb 2005

Discovered e- jets from Jupiter Feb 2006

Near pass with comet C/2006 P1 McNaught Feb 2007

New solar cycle starting Will be able to study sun spot cycle

How does a change in magnetic field effect solar wind, galactic cosmic rays & us on Earth?

Mission highlights: Observed 4 large coronal mass ejections

merge into large interplanetary shock wave Feb 2005

Discovered e- jets from Jupiter Feb 2006

Near pass with comet C/2006 P1 McNaught Feb 2007

Image from: http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/

SummarySummary Sun is main sequence star

In mid-life Population I star

High metallicity Ulysses mission

Launched in 1990 Should reveal how changes in solar

magnetic field effect solar wind, background radiation & current technology

Sun is main sequence star In mid-life

Population I star High metallicity

Ulysses mission Launched in 1990 Should reveal how changes in solar

magnetic field effect solar wind, background radiation & current technology