GeographyGeography

What is Geography?What is Geography?

• Geography is the study of the Geography is the study of the Earth’s:Earth’s:– SurfaceSurface– Climate Climate – ContinentsContinents– CountriesCountries– PeoplePeople

5 Themes of 5 Themes of GeographyGeography

•LocationLocation

•PlacePlace

•Human/Environment Human/Environment InteractionInteraction

•MovementMovement

•RegionsRegions

1. 1. LocationLocation

• A. A. Absolute LocationAbsolute Location- Every point on - Every point on Earth has a specific location that is Earth has a specific location that is determined by an imaginary grid of determined by an imaginary grid of lines denoting lines denoting latitudelatitude and and longitudelongitude..

Latitude vs. LongitudeLatitude vs. Longitude

• LatitudeLatitude- distance - distance in degrees north in degrees north or south of the or south of the Equator (0˚). Equator (0˚).

• Latitude lines are Latitude lines are horizontalhorizontal lines lines on a map; also on a map; also called “parallels.”called “parallels.”

Latitude vs. LongitudeLatitude vs. Longitude

• LongitudeLongitude- - distance in distance in degrees east or degrees east or west of the Prime west of the Prime Meridian (0˚) Meridian (0˚)

• Longitudinal Longitudinal lines lines are the vertical are the vertical lines on a map. lines on a map.

Relative LocationRelative Location

• B. B. Relative Relative LocationLocation- is - is described by described by landmarks, time, landmarks, time, direction or direction or distance from distance from one place to one place to another & may another & may associate one associate one place with place with another. another.

--The Grand Canyon --The Grand Canyon is located 3 hours is located 3 hours north/northwest north/northwest of the Phoenix of the Phoenix valley. valley.

2. 2. PlacePlace• PlacePlace is characteristics that is characteristics that

distinguish one place on the distinguish one place on the globe from another. globe from another.

• There are 1) Physical & 2) There are 1) Physical & 2) Human PlaceHuman Place

Physical & Human CharacteristicsPhysical & Human Characteristicsof Placeof Place

• PhysicalPhysical- - These These characteristics characteristics include; include; mountains, mountains, rivers, soil, rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, beaches, wildlife, weather, weather, temperature, temperature, etc. etc.

• HumanHuman- - Explain Explain the culture, the culture, houses, houses, lifestyles, lifestyles, traditions, traditions, buildings, buildings, religion, religion, language, etc. language, etc.

3. 3. Human/Environment Human/Environment Interaction (HEI)Interaction (HEI)

• A. A. Humans Humans adaptadapt to the environment. to the environment.– Wearing shorts in summer & coats in winter.Wearing shorts in summer & coats in winter.

• B. Humans B. Humans modifymodify the environment. the environment.– Dig a hole for a house or cut down trees for Dig a hole for a house or cut down trees for

farmsfarms

• C. Humans C. Humans dependdepend on the environment. on the environment.– Fresh water to drink or oil for fuel and Fresh water to drink or oil for fuel and

thousands of other productsthousands of other products

Hoover Dam Hoover Dam

4. 4. MovementMovement

• MovementMovement is migration or is migration or transportation of people, transportation of people, resources, products, plants, resources, products, plants, animals, & information/ideas animals, & information/ideas from one location to another from one location to another location. location.

5. 5. RegionRegion

• RegionRegion is an area of the earth’s is an area of the earth’s surface defined by similar surface defined by similar characteristics. characteristics.

Region continuedRegion continued

• It is easier to study a larger place with It is easier to study a larger place with common human or physical characteristics.common human or physical characteristics.– Easier to look at 7 cultural regions rather then Easier to look at 7 cultural regions rather then the 50 statesthe 50 states

– Easier to look at 7 continents rather than 210+ Easier to look at 7 continents rather than 210+ countriescountries

MapsMaps

Political MapsPolitical Maps

Shows political boundaries such as countries & states

Gives locations of major cities

Includes significant bodies of water

Black lines are used to help define borders

Political MapPolitical Map

Physical MapsPhysical Maps

Shows country borders, Shows country borders, major cities and major cities and significant bodies of watersignificant bodies of water

Indicate the location of Indicate the location of landforms like:landforms like:

Deserts Deserts Mountains Mountains PlainsPlains

Physical MapPhysical Map

Reference/Theme MapsReference/Theme Maps

Shows collected data on a Shows collected data on a map such as:map such as:

PopulationPopulationEconomicsEconomicsOil Oil PoliticsPolitics

Reference MapsReference Maps

Map componentsMap components

Every map must Every map must have:have:• ScaleScale• TitleTitle• Compass RoseCompass Rose• Legend/KeyLegend/Key• Clear labelsClear labels• ColorColor• CleanClean• Latitude & Latitude & longitudelongitude

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