GeographyGeography

Understanding Our WorldUnderstanding Our World

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Wyoming

Human Geography- the effect people Human Geography- the effect people have on the land and the land has on have on the land and the land has on peoplepeople

TermsTerms

Birth Rate- the ratio between births and Birth Rate- the ratio between births and individuals in a specified population and individuals in a specified population and time time

Death Rate- the ratio between deaths and Death Rate- the ratio between deaths and individuals in a specified populationindividuals in a specified population

For example 7 deaths per 1,000 peopleFor example 7 deaths per 1,000 people Infant Mortality Rate- the ratio of the Infant Mortality Rate- the ratio of the

death of infants in the first year of life in a death of infants in the first year of life in a specified population specified population

Gross Domestic ProductGross Domestic Product

The GDP of a country is defined as The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods the market value of all final goods and services produced within a and services produced within a country in a given period of time. country in a given period of time.

Per capita GDP is the market value of Per capita GDP is the market value of all final goods divided by the all final goods divided by the population of a countrypopulation of a country

These statistics can help show how These statistics can help show how poor or wealthy a country ispoor or wealthy a country is

Educational ExpendituresEducational Expenditures How much a country spends on its How much a country spends on its

educational systemseducational systems This can indicate the education level This can indicate the education level

of the citizens and the financial well of the citizens and the financial well being of the countrybeing of the country

If a country spends more on If a country spends more on educations iteducations it• Has money to spendHas money to spend• Has a more educated population Has a more educated population

capable of making more moneycapable of making more money

Breaking it downBreaking it down

Statistics are useless by themselvesStatistics are useless by themselves We must be able to take statistics We must be able to take statistics

and interpret themand interpret them Once we interpret them then we can Once we interpret them then we can

get some true meaning from them.get some true meaning from them.

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

How many people can live on a given How many people can live on a given piece of land, based on available piece of land, based on available food, climate, and various other food, climate, and various other factors.factors.

Disputes over TerritoryDisputes over Territory

Often geography can be a major Often geography can be a major cause of conflictcause of conflict

There are regions of the world that There are regions of the world that have been contested for yearshave been contested for years• Israel-PalestineIsrael-Palestine• Kashmir India-PakistanKashmir India-Pakistan• Kuwait-IraqKuwait-Iraq

Why would countries dispute Why would countries dispute territoryterritory

Religious significanceReligious significance• Example the crusadesExample the crusades

Borders changed by conflict or Borders changed by conflict or treatiestreaties

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources• Some areas of the world are rich in Some areas of the world are rich in

natural resources and countries fight for natural resources and countries fight for themthem

2 Groups claiming the same land 2 Groups claiming the same land Israel and the Palestinians Israel and the Palestinians

Differing views over acquiring landDiffering views over acquiring land

Different countries and cultures have Different countries and cultures have different ideas about acquiring and different ideas about acquiring and keeping landkeeping land

UrbanizationUrbanization A movement of people in a country A movement of people in a country

from country (rural) to city (urban)from country (rural) to city (urban) Results of UrbanizationResults of Urbanization

• Cities Grow LargeCities Grow Large• OvercrowdingOvercrowding

CrimeCrime DiseaseDisease

• PollutionPollution• Population growthPopulation growth• Over time income and quality of life Over time income and quality of life

increasesincreases

Movement of peopleMovement of people

Why do people move from one place Why do people move from one place to another?to another?

Push and pull factorsPush and pull factors Social ReasonsSocial Reasons Political ReasonsPolitical Reasons Environmental ReasonsEnvironmental Reasons Economic ReasonsEconomic Reasons