Upload
emma-harper
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Geography of the Fertile Crescent
Unit 2 Chapter 3
Section 1
The Geographic Setting of the Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia hadRich SoilLife giving
riversA location that
was a center of trade
Why were people attracted to the Fertile Crescent?
Why were people attracted to the Fertile Crescent?
Rich Soil.
The Location of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia comes from Greek words Between the
rivers Tigris and
Euphrates Shaped like a
crescent moon Great place for
growing crops
What is the term for the area between the rivers?
What is the term for the area between the rivers?
Mesopotamia
Rivers Support the Growth of Civilization
Early people settled where crops could grow.
Grew well near rivers.
Southwest Asia was well suited for farming
LocationMesopotamia is between Asia Minor
and the Persian Gulf as well.
The Fertile Crescent
Fertile crescent is a large arc or crescent of fertile farmland.
Extends to Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea.
(In ancient times) Mesopotamia was in two parts
The Rise of Civilization
Hunter-gatherer first settled in Mesopotamia more than 12,000 years ago.
Learned to plant crops and grow their own food.
Rise of Civilization (Continued)
Every year the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flooded.
Brought silt. Silt- Mixture of rich soil
and tiny rocks Ideal for farming
Rivers of Life
Tigris and Euphrates were the source of life for the people of MesopotamiaSupplied fish Reeds for making boatsClay for building
Farming Settlements First farm settlements
in Mesopotamia about 7000 B.C.
Farmers grew wheat, barely, and other grains.
Livestock were also good sources of food.
Plentiful food = population growth.
Farming Settlements Continued
Population growth= villages form.Villages develop into world's first
civilization
Farming and Cities
Mesopotamia received little rain Water levels in Mesopotamia depended on
how much rain fell in eastern Asia Minor If Water got too high floods destroyed
crops, killed livestock, and destroyed homes.
Water level too low crops dried Farmers needed to control river’s flow.
Rivers of Death
Tigris and Euphrates also sometimes brought flood watersDeposited good soil
Flood waters did not come at the same time every yearPeople were swept
awayAlso houses and
animals
Controlling Water
To solve their problems Mesopotamians used irrigation
Irrigation is a way of supplying water to an area of land.
To irrigate land farmers dug storage basins to hold water supplies.
Controlling Water
People dug canals human-made waterways.
Canals connected basins to a network of ditches
Ditches brought water to fields To protect fields from flooding farmers
built up banks Built up banks held flood-water back
when river levels were too high
Food SurplusesIrrigation increased the amount
of food farmers producedA surplus or more than of an
item was developed.Farmers Used irrigation to
water grazing areas for cattle
Food Surpluses (Continued)
As a result to food surpluses Mesopotamians ate many foods
Mesopotamians ate fish, meat, wheat, barely, and dates
Dividing Labor
Fewer people farmed because of irrigation
People started doing other jobsNew occupations developedThe type of arrangement where
each worker specializes in a particular task is division of labor
Mesopotamian Society
With more job occupations society accomplished more
Large projects such as constructing buildings were started
Projects required skilled workers Structure and rules provided by
government
The Appearance of Cities
Mesopotamian settlements grew
Developed into cities around 4000-3000 B.C
Society in Mesopotamia based on agriculture
Most people farmed
The Appearance of Cities(Continued)
People tradedThere were political leaders
with power basesThere was political, religious,
cultural, and economic centers of civilization
Geography of the Fertile Crescent questions
Question #1
Where is Mesopotamia located?
a.) between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
b.) in Europe c.) the Americasd.) far from the Mediterranean Sea
Answer To Question #1a.) between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Question #2
How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
a.) it is a large arc of rich soilb.) it is the moons reflectionc.) it has the same land features as
the moon when it is a crescent shape
d.) it is in the shape of a circle
Answer To Question #2a.) it is a large arc of rich soil
Question #3What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's
farmland fertile?a.) there were many lakesb.) there was a lot of rain in Mesopotamiac.) Mesopotamia's land was not fertile d.) the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Answer To Question #3d.) the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Question #4
What is a large arc of rich, or fertile, farmland?
a.) Fertile Crescent b.) Earthc.) Asia Minord.) Mesopotamia
Answer To Question #4
a.) Fertile Crescent
Question #5
What is silt?a.) Grass and rocks
b.) tiny rocks and water
c.) tiny rocks and rich soil
d.) sand
Answer to Question #5c.) tiny rocks and rich soil
Question #6
Why did farmers need a system to control their
water?a.) rains caused floodsb.) flooding from the Tigris and
Euphrates river c.) they wanted to have extra drinking
waterd.) all of the above
Answer to Question #6b.) flooding from the Tigris and Euphrates river
Question #7
What increased the amount of food farmers were able to
produce?a.) canals
b.) irrigation
c.) rivers
d.) lakes
Answer To Question #7
b.) irrigation
Question #8
How did irrigation help farmers?
a.) it provided a way of supplying land with water
b.) it produced floods
c.) it collected salt water
d.) all of the above
Answer To Question #8a.) it provided a way of supplying land with water
Question #9
What are canals?a.) Greek myths
b.) surplus
c.) human-made waterways
d.) rivers
Answer To Question #9c.) human-made waterways
Question #10
What is a surplus?a.) starvation
b.) livestock
c.) more than needed
d.) the Oracle of Delphi
Answer To Question #10c.) more than needed
Question #11
What did people in Mesopotamia eat?
a.) wheat, meat, fish, barley, and dates
b.) sharks
c.) dogs
d.) grasses
Answer To Question #11
a.) wheat, meat, fish, barley, and dates
Question #12
When worker specialized in a specific task it was
a.) the plague
b.) division of labor
c.) metal
d.) the dark ages
Answer To Question #12b.) division of labor
Question #13
With __________ society could accomplish more.
a.) division of labor
b.) farming
c.) astronomy
d.) math
Answer To Question #13a.) division of labor
Question #14
Between 4000 and 3000 B.C. what was society based on in
Mesopotamia?a.) agriculture b.) public leaders c.) arts and craftsd.) trade of ink
Answer to Question #14a.) agriculture
Question # 15
When did Mesopotamia develop into cities?
a.) 4000-3000 B.C
b.) 300-250 B.C
c.) 200-10 B.C
d.) 40-30 B.C
Answer to Question #15
a.) 4000-3000 B.C