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Geography of Southeast Geography of Southeast Asia Asia

Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

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Page 1: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Geography of Southeast AsiaGeography of Southeast Asia

Page 2: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Mainland Southeast AsiaMainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous Mostly mountainous

running north and running north and southsouth

In between lie valleys In between lie valleys containing vast river containing vast river systems– the systems– the Irrawaddy, Salween, Irrawaddy, Salween, Chao Phraya, and Chao Phraya, and MekongMekong

The rivers deposit soil The rivers deposit soil from the mountainsfrom the mountains

Page 3: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Island Southeast AsiaIsland Southeast Asia

• Archipelagos- chains of Archipelagos- chains of islandsislandsa. Indonesia includes more a. Indonesia includes more than 13,500 islandsthan 13,500 islandsb. Philippines has more b. Philippines has more than 7,000 islandsthan 7,000 islands

Located on the “Ring of Fire” Located on the “Ring of Fire” or the line of volcanoes or the line of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean. around the Pacific Ocean. a. Philippines have 12 a. Philippines have 12 active volcanoesactive volcanoesb. Krakatoa erupted in b. Krakatoa erupted in 1883; 36,000 died1883; 36,000 died

Page 4: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Climates of Southeast Climates of Southeast AsiaAsia

The region climate’s is hot and The region climate’s is hot and humidhumida. The average temperature a. The average temperature varies 1 to 3 degree year varies 1 to 3 degree year round in Singaporeround in Singaporeb. Two seasons (wet & dry) b. Two seasons (wet & dry)

Monsoon winds bring heavy Monsoon winds bring heavy rain to the region from June to rain to the region from June to SeptemberSeptembera. Southeast Asia averages 40 a. Southeast Asia averages 40 inches a yearinches a yearb. Not fertile because of the b. Not fertile because of the rain, however, rivers bring rain, however, rivers bring nutrients down to the lowlands nutrients down to the lowlands

Page 5: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

A Diverse RegionA Diverse Region

The geography of The geography of Southeast Asia has Southeast Asia has contributed to ethnic contributed to ethnic and cultural diversityand cultural diversitya. Laos is home to a. Laos is home to Lao, Tai, Hmong, Yao, Lao, Tai, Hmong, Yao, Mon, and KhmerMon, and Khmer

Upland versus lowlandUpland versus lowlanda. Upland people seen a. Upland people seen as less civilizedas less civilizedb. Empires in the b. Empires in the lowlandslowlands

Page 6: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

The Importance of The Importance of ReligionReligion

Animism, the belief Animism, the belief that spirits live in that spirits live in the natural worldthe natural world

Over the centuries, Over the centuries, many elements of many elements of animism have animism have blended with blended with foreign beliefs foreign beliefs brought to brought to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Page 7: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

HinduismHinduism

• Indian traders spread the Indian traders spread the beliefs throughout the beliefs throughout the regionregion

• Many people blended Many people blended Hindu gods and goddesses Hindu gods and goddesses with their own spiritswith their own spirits

a. Accepted the Hindu a. Accepted the Hindu belief in reincarnationbelief in reincarnation

b. rejected the rigid caste b. rejected the rigid caste systemsystem

c. Today, Hindus are fond c. Today, Hindus are fond in Bali and parts of in Bali and parts of MalaysiaMalaysia

Page 8: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

BuddhismBuddhism

Theravada BuddhismTheravada Buddhisma. Brought from India in the a. Brought from India in the early centuries A.D. and early centuries A.D. and took root in Myanmar, took root in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Thailand, Laos, and CambodiaCambodiab. Monasteries and b. Monasteries and Buddhist traditions shaped Buddhist traditions shaped their culturetheir culturec. Boys entered the c. Boys entered the monasteries at an early age monasteries at an early age to learn how to read and to learn how to read and write and became monks write and became monks until they leave to marryuntil they leave to marryd. Some women joined d. Some women joined Buddhist orders as nunsBuddhist orders as nuns

Page 9: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Monasteries and TemplesMonasteries and Temples

Page 10: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Mahayana BuddhismMahayana Buddhism

Chinese Buddhists carried Chinese Buddhists carried Mahayana Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism to VietnamVietnama. Mahayana Buddhists place a. Mahayana Buddhists place less emphasis on monastic lifeless emphasis on monastic lifeb. Ordinary men can achieve b. Ordinary men can achieve nirvana, the condition of nirvana, the condition of wanting nothing, by meditationwanting nothing, by meditationc. Women cannot reach c. Women cannot reach nirvananirvana

Monasteries are temples are Monasteries are temples are centers of village life. centers of village life. a. Farmers turn to monks for a. Farmers turn to monks for advice and sometimes political advice and sometimes political leadership.leadership.

Page 11: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

IslamIslam

900 A.D. Arab traders 900 A.D. Arab traders brought Islam to the brought Islam to the Malay Peninsula and Malay Peninsula and islands of Sumatra, islands of Sumatra, Java, and BorneoJava, and Borneo

Islam is the official Islam is the official religion of Malaysia religion of Malaysia and Indonesiaand Indonesia

Page 12: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

ChristianityChristianity

In the 1500s, In the 1500s, Christian missionaries Christian missionaries accompanied accompanied European traders to European traders to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Spain conquered and Spain conquered and converted majority of converted majority of Filipinos to the Filipinos to the Roman Catholic faithRoman Catholic faith

Page 13: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

How the West took Southeast Asia How the West took Southeast Asia

Four shifts in the West Four shifts in the West affecting Southeast affecting Southeast AsiaAsia 1. Rise of capitalism1. Rise of capitalism

a. Economic a. Economic transformation based on transformation based on the ideals of private the ideals of private ownership and supply and ownership and supply and demand demand 2. Industrialism2. Industrialism

a. Fueled by a. Fueled by capitalism (capital and capitalism (capital and technology), it is a shift technology), it is a shift from farming to from farming to manufacturing society manufacturing society

Page 14: Geography of Southeast Asia. Mainland Southeast Asia Mostly mountainous running north and south Mostly mountainous running north and south In between

Four Shifts (cont.)Four Shifts (cont.) 3. Improvement in 3. Improvement in

communication and communication and transportationtransportationa. Emergent of the steam a. Emergent of the steam ship and railroadsship and railroadsb. 1869- opening of the b. 1869- opening of the Suez Canal; don’t have to Suez Canal; don’t have to go around Africa, 1867 go around Africa, 1867 from London to Singapore from London to Singapore 116 days, 1879- 42 days 116 days, 1879- 42 days

4. Philosophy and Social 4. Philosophy and Social Belief ChangedBelief Changeda. Social Darwinism- Racial a. Social Darwinism- Racial and scientific superiority; and scientific superiority; French Civilization MissionFrench Civilization Mission