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Rivers of IndiaIndus + 5 tributariesAfter partition: Indus water Treaty 1960Indus, Jhelum, Chenab to PakRavi, Beas and Sutlej to IndiaChej doab, ReChna doab, Bari doab, Bist doabIndus river

Cities on Indus LehTributaries:Shyok from Siachin glacierSuru (Obsequent tri) originate from Deosai mt. , Burzil la pass, kargil on it, chutak damGilgit last tri in India

Tributaries of IndusHunza rivGilgit rivSuru rivShyok rivIndus rivZaskar rivSiachin glacier

Jhelum river:Rises at VerinagShrinagar Kishanganga joins on rightKishanganga river dispute with PakistanJhelum enters Pakistan near Baramulla

Tributaries of Indus: JhelumKishanganga riverJhelum river

Two headward tributaries: Chandra and BhagaChnadra originate near Zozi la and Bhaga at Baracha laDhulhasti, Baglihar and Salal damsTributaries of Indus: ChenabChandra riverBhaga riverSource near Rohtang pass in Himachal PradeshDrains between Pripanjal and DhauladharChamba is located on Ravi

Tributaries of Indus: Ravi

Source near Rohtang pass - at southern end of Pir Panjal (HP)Meets Satluj at HarikeKulllu on Beass tributary ParbatiIt is entirely within IndiaTributaries of Indus: BeasOriginate near Man sarovarEnters India through Shipki la passImp tributary: SpitiNeptha-jhakhari dam

Tributaries of Indus: Satluj

Prelims2009Q. Which one of the following rivers does not originate in India?BeasChenabRaviSutlej

Ans. D)UPSCQuestionPrelims2006Q. From north to south, which one of the following is the correct sequence of given rivers in India?Shyok- Spiti-Zaskar-SutlejShyok-Zaskar-Spiti-SutlejZaskar- Shyok-Sutlej-SpitiZaskar-Sultej-Shyok-Spiti

Ans. b)

UPSCQuestionOriginate as Bhagirathi from GangotriAlaknanda originates from BadrinathDhauliganga meet Alaknanda at Vishnu prayagPindar river (from Nanda devi) meet Alaknanda at Karn Prayag

Ganga system

Mandakini (from Kedarnath) meet at Rudra prayagAlaknanda and Bhagirathi meet at Dev prayagAfter merger known as GangaGanga system

Left Bank tributariesRamgangaGomatiGhagharGandakKosiYamunaSonHugliRight Bank tributariesGanga System

RamgangaGomatiGhaghra (Saryu)GandakKosiGanga system: left bank tributariesRamgangaOriginate near GarhwalGomati: north UP Lucknow is on GomatiBoth originate within India

Ganga system: left bank tributaries

RamgangaGomatiGangaGhaghara originate from Gurala mandhata peak (South of Man sarovar) in TibetTwo headward streams: kali (Sarda) and KarnaliAyodhya, Faizabad located on Ghaghara

Ganga system: left bank tributaries

Man sarovar lakeGhaghara riverKarnali riverKali (Sarda) riverGurla mandhata peakRapti riverGandak originated near Nepal-Tibet borderKali Gandaki and Trishuli imp tributariesMerge in Ganga near PatnaGanga system: left bank tributaries

Kali GandakiKosi- Saptkaushi7 streamsLocated in snow covered areas heavy rainfall huge volume of water7 streams -> 3 stream -> merged at Triveni (mahabharat range) to form Kosi

Ganga system: left bank tributaries

Kosi1) YamunaOriginates from Yamnotri glacier Bandarpunch peak GarhwalImp tributaries:Right bank -Tons-rises from Bandar punch glacierGanga system: right bank tributaries

Delhi, Agra and Mathura on YamunaIts imp right bank tributaries from Vindhyan rangeChambal, Sindh, Betwa and KenBanas tri of Chmabal originate from AravalliGanga system: right bank tributaries

ChambalSindhBetwaDhasanKenParbatiKali sindhBanas2) SonFrom Amarkantak plateauImp tributaries: Rihand source Ramgarh hillsGovind vallabh pant sagar on RihandNorth Koel source Chhota Nagpur plateau

Ganga system: right bank tributaries

Son riverRihand Ramgarh hillsAmarkantak pltBaghelKaimur hills3) HugliDistributary of GangaTributary: AjayKolkata on river Hugli

Ganga system: right bank tributaries

Ajay riverHugli riverKolkataPrelims2010Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:Beas and ChenabBeas and RaviChenab, Ravi and SatlejBeas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej and Yamuna

UPSCQuestion

ChenabRaviBeasSatlej SpitiYamuna on border between HP and UttarakhandRivers in Himachal PradeshChenabRaviBeasSatlejSpitiYamunaPrelims2010Q. Rivers that pass through Himachal Pradesh are:Beas and ChenabBeas and RaviChenab, Ravi and SatlejBeas, Chenab, Ravi, Satlej and Yamuna

Ans. D) UPSCQuestion

Originate from Chemayungdung glacier in KailashPasses in Indus-Tsangpo sature zone (between Great Himalayas and Kailash range)Enters into India as DibangBrahmaputra systemDihangKailash rangeEnters into Assam Plains near SadiyaAfter Sadiya it is known as BrahmaputraTributaries: Manas, Subansiri, Dhansiri, Dibang, Lohit and KapilliBrahmaputra system

ManasSubansiriDihangDhansiriLohitKapilliGaroKhasiJaintiaBarail rangeNaga hills

enters Bangladesh as JamunaMerged with Ganga unitedly known as PadmaMeghana river joinsNow known as MeghnaLarge delta formationBrahmaputra systemBrahmaputraGangaPadmaMeghnaMeghnaDeltaPrelims2014Q. Consider the following rivers:BarakLohitSubansiri

Which of the above flows/flow through Arunachal Pradesh?

UPSCQuestionBarak river

Barak riverNaga HillsPrelims20141 only2 and 31 and 3 1,2 and 3

Ans. B)

UPSCQuestion

West flowing rivers: Narmada TapiEast-flowing rivers: Damodar, Subarnarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc

Peninsular rivers

Narmada:Source: Amarkantak plateauFlow in rift valley btwn Vindhyan and SatpuraMP-MH and GJDuandhar fall in MPMerged near Bharuch in GJSardar Sarovar damWest flowing Peninsular riversPrelims2013Q. Narmada river flows to east to west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow west to east. Why?It occupies a linear rift valleyIt flows between vindhyan and SatpuraThe land slope to west from central IndiaUPSCQuestionPrelims20131 only2 and 31 and 3None

Ans. A) UPSCQuestionPrelims2009Q. At which one of the following places do two important rivers of India originate; while one of them flows towards north and merge with another important rivers flowing towards Bay of Bengal, the other one flows towards Arabian sea?Amarkantak plateauBadrinathUPSCQuestionPrelims2009c) Mahabaleshward) Nasik

Ans. A) River Son- flows towards north merges with Ganga towards Bay of BengalRiver Narmada flows towards Arabian seaUPSCQuestion2) TapiSource: Betul plateauFlow south of SatpuraImp tributary: Purna riverMerged into sea near SuratMP-MH-GJWest flowing Peninsular rivers

Tapi riverPurna riverBetul plateauRajpipla rangeGawilgarh range

Others:Sabarmati from Aravalli rangeMahi from VindhyansWest flowing Peninsular riversAravalliVindhyanSabarmatiMahi

West flowing rivers from Western GhatsMandovi and Zuari in GOA

West Flowing Peninsular rivers Mandovi riverZuari river

Kalinadi, Sharavati in KNShravati- Jog fall (highest)

West Flowing Peninsular rivers KalinadiSharavatiNetravati Periyar and Pamba in KR

West Flowing Peninsular rivers

kochiVembnad lakePeriyar riverAnnamalai hillsCardamom hillsPamba riverDamodarSource: chhota Nagpur plateauTributary: BarakarIron and steel industry

East Flowing Peninsular rivers

Barakar riverDamodar riverChhota Nagpur plt2) Subarnarekha, Baitrani and BrahmaniSubarnrekha from Ranchi plateauBaitrani- Garhjat hillsBrahmani headward streams, South Koel and Sankh from Chhota Nagpur plateauEast Flowing Peninsular rivers

SubarnrekhaBaitraniBrahmaniGarhjat hillsRanchi plateau3) MahanadiSource: DanadkarnyaLeft bank: Sheonath, Hasdo and MandRight bank: Tel, Jonk, OngHirakund damEast Flowing Peninsular rivers

MahanadiSheonathHasdoMandTelOng4) RushikulyaSource: Nayagarh hillsMouth known for: hatching site of Olive ridley turtles

East Flowing Peninsular rivers

Rushikulya riverChilka lake

The smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the worldThey live in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Olive ridley turtles IUCN status- endangered

Oilve Ridley turtles

known for their unique mass nesting called Arribada= thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs.Orissa coast is the largest mass hatching site of Olive ridley turtle in the world.

Olive Ridley turtles on Odisha coast

5) Godavari:Source: Trimbak pltLeft bank tri: Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga (combined = Pranhita), Indravati (fall), Sabari and sileru Right bank tri:Manjara

East Flowing Peninsular rivers SileruSabariIndravatiWengangaWardhaPengangaManjaraPranhitaBalaghat6) Krishna:Source: MahabaleshwarLeft bank tri:Musi, Sina,Bhima, Ghat prabha, Malprabha, Tungbhadra, Hagari

East Flowing Peninsular rivers

Musi BhimaSina Malprabha Ghatprabha TungbhadraHagari

7) Penneru/Penner:Source: Nandi durg peak in KNTri: Kunder, Charavati, Papagni, PunchuEast Flowing Peninsular rivers 8) Kaveri:Source: Tal kaveri at Brahmagiri hillsLeft bank tri:Shimsa, Hemvati, Kabani, Bhavani, Noyil, AmaravatiEast Flowing Peninsular rivers

ShimsaBhavaniNoyilAmravatihemvatiKabani

9) Vaigai:Source: Varushand HillsMadurai located on Vaigai riverDry channelDisappear then again re-appear

East Flowing Peninsular rivers Varushand HillsPrelims2002Q. The correct sequence of eastward flowing rivers of Peninsular India from north to south is:Subarnarekha- Mahanadi- Godavari- Krishna-Pennar- Cauveri- VaigaiSubarnarekha Mahanadi- Krishna Cauveri- Pennar- vaigaiUPSCQuestionPrelims2002c) Mahadnadi- Subarnarekha- Godavari- Krishna- Cauveri- Pennar- Vaigaid) Mahanadi- Subarnarekha- Krishna- Godavari- Cauveri- Vaigai-Pennar

Ans. A)UPSCQuestionPrelims2004west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India have no deltas(R) These rivers do not carry any alluvial sediments

Both correct and R is correct explanation of ABoth correct but R is not correct explanation of AUPSCQuestionPrelims2004c) A is true R is falsed) A is false R is true

Ans. A)West flowing river- short distance no alluvial no deltaUPSCQuestionFirst time recommended by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th centAims to transfer surplus water of some rivers to water deficit river basinsK.L. Rao, MoWR: Ganga-Kaveri linkDishaw Dastur, pilot: transferring of water using garland canal

River linking projectTransfer of water of Ganga and Brahmaputra towards west and east in south using 14 canalsIn peninsula plateau: linking of rivers using 16 canals

River linking projectLargest inter-basin transfer of water in the world if executedProject will take 50-100 years to completeMay produce 35GW of power

River linking projectFavour:Management of flood and droughtExpansion of irrigation networkDrinking water supplyRiver linking projectChallenges:Indian monsoon climate: rainy months and dry months occur at the same in the entire countryDams and canals- not proper solution to floodsPlateau higher (upland) than northern plains difficult to pumping of water from plains to peninsulaRiver linking project4) That require large amount of energy and canals5) Submergence of forests and villages6) Blocking of rivers damage to riverine ecosystem 7) International water disputes and inter-state water disputesRiver linking project