Subject: Geography HLCandidate name: Elizabeth KitangeCandidate
Number: 0028School Code: 002582Fieldwork Research Question: Does
the rate of security affect the provision of social services in
Manzese and Mikocheni regions in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania? Syllabus
Section: Part 1- Patterns and Change; Core Theme 2: Disparities in
Wealth and DevelopmentDate of submission: 06 August 2014Word count:
2,389 words
ContentsINTRODUCTION (327 words)3QUESTION:3METHODS OF
INVESTIGATION:6ANALYSIS10CONCLUSON12EVALUATION12APPENDIX13Questionnaire:13REFERENCES15
INTRODUCTION (327 words)
Development is the improvement in the standard of life. It can
be in the form of economic wealth, security, health, infrastructure
and education among others. However, in an LEDC's like Tanzania,
development occurs in different stages and at different rates, in
different areas which causes a great disparity in different
districts. Areas that are closer to the city centre and the boarder
tend to be more developed due to more imports, employment
opportunities and investments. However, as you move towards the
outskirts of the city where not a lot of goods and services reach,
development levels tend to be much lower as the majority of the
population in the outskirts are poor, uneducated and/or are
immigrants among others. Inequality and disparities occur in such
area due to ethnicity, level of security, income, education and
employment among others. QUESTION: Does the rate of security affect
the provision of social services in Manzese and Mikocheni regions
in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania?The geographic context that this
investigation falls on is "Disparities in Wealth and Development".
The fieldwork question assesses whether the rate of security is the
reason for the level of provision of social services between the
two areas in the city - one at the outskirts (Manzese) and another
closer to the city centre (Mikocheni). The two areas are chosen
because they openly portray the disparities between them. Mikocheni
is more developed with a wealthier and quite educated population
where security is high. This attracts a lot of investment of social
services such as schools, hospitals and supermarkets - which hence
increase the level of security in the area. Manzese on the
contrary, is less developed with a much poorer and less educated
population. The living standards are so low giving the area a slum
profile/shanty-town, hence the security there is low with higher
crime rates. There is hence low provision of social services due to
the high rates of robbery in the area, depriving it from
developing.
MAPS:
Map. 1- General map of Manzese
N
Map. 2 General map of Mikocheni area
Map. 3 Safe and Dangerous areas of Manzese
N
M500
Map 4: safe and dangerous areas in Mikocheni
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION: (264 words)
At the beginning of our investigation, we divided ourselves into
groups of five and split into different areas of our destinations
(not too far from the main roads). We used both qualitative and
quantitative data. For quantitative data, we walked around both
regions with questionnaires. We each had 50 questionnaires for each
area and talked to the people living and working there. Although we
were accompanied by teachers, we were advised to stay away from
narrow, untrustworthy roads and instead stay on the main road for
safety. The questionnaire comprised of 10 questions from which we
gathered information on the security issues and availability of
social services. The time chosen was in the morning for Manzese
(10.00 to 12:00) and afternoon for Mikocheni (13:30 to 15:00) as we
were aiming to be able to interview people in their workplaces and
homes as well. For qualitative data, we took pictures and drew maps
of both areas. In order to gather physical information about the
area, we took the pictures of different stores and shops as well as
the streets to show the contrast in the quality of life in the two
areas. In Manzese (map 1) and Mikocheni (map 2), we got the
opportunity to talk to people in their workplaces and asked them to
educate to us about a few things on the area. Not only did we
gather information from the questionnaire but also from stories on
their own experiences in working in the area. There was not much of
an influence on our work since the day chosen was sunny and
dry.
GRAPH 1
GRAPH 2
25 March 2014 09:48:1325 March 2014 09:42:32 Figure. 3 Low
quality drainage system Figure. 4 - Low quality drainage system
25 March 2014 10:32:4825 March 2014 10:32:24 Figure. 5
Overcrowding and small shops Figure. 6 - Unsanitary and unemployed
man from Manzese
25 March 2014 12:50:4125 March 2014 12:43:32 Figure. 8 Shopping
centre Figure. 9 High number of wealthy cars in shopping centre
25 March 2014 12:43:38 Figure. 10 - high numbers of shops in
Mikocheni area
25 March 2014 13:40:12Figure. 11 Health clinic and shopping
centre in Mikocheni
ANALYSIS (1,357 words)
The sanitation level is quite low Manzese at 30% as shown in
figure 1. This not only portrays the low government involvement in
sanitation in the area but as well as the level of poverty.
Sanitation companies, working in Tanzania as a whole (for example,
Tirima), collect garbage with a return of a monthly pay from each
house. However, due to the poverty in Manzese, the companies are
not paid hence are not interested in servicing the area. This not
only creates a risk of the spread of diseases like Malaria and
cholera among others, but also demotivates other businesses in
investing in the area. Mikocheni however, has a more well-off
community with the ability to pay for such services hence their
sanitation level at about 70%. The area has the ability to pay for
such services since the malls and shops have the financial ability
to in order to attract customers. Figure 3 and 4 clearly illustrate
the low sanitation with a bad drainage system and garbage. This
clearly portrays how the welfare of the population affects the
provision of a sanitary social service. Despite with the awareness
of the importance of an educated economy, education in Manzese is
at a low rate. Notwithstanding most of the population (90%) being
given the right to a primary education, only 45% of the population
has access to secondary education and most of them do not
accomplish in completing high school education (fig. 1). This is
due to the fact that there is a lack of teachers who leave
secondary schools to find better paid jobs elsewhere in the city,
resulting to only the being of only one secondary school in Manzese
in comparison to six in Mikocheni. When addressing security,
however, people in Manzese claim that the teachers do not leave due
to the low security but rather because of the low pay. There are
barely any secondary schools in Manzese because there are no
teachers to teach in them, the facilities for the children as well
as the money to build them in the first place. Mikocheni area
however, has a wide range of education. It has three primary and 6
secondary schools in the area. Furthermore, there is a wide
provision of nursery schools as well as tuition centres. This is
due to the ability of the majority of the population to pay for
these services as well as the security. The schools are confident
about the security for the children as well as for their facilities
in the area. According to figure 2, Mikocheni has twice as much
secondary school campuses than primary along with a number of
university and college campuses in comparison to Manzese which has
more primary schools. This portrays the high security and wealth of
the population in Mikocheni concluding that along with the level of
security, wealth plays a big role in the provision of education in
both areas. Manzese region, despite the expectations, has gotten
safer over the past few years. Despite the existence of a number of
unsafe areas, people have learnt to care for themselves. Over the
years, people had increasingly started moving closer towards the
city for different pull factors. This not only decreased the crime
rates but also decreased overcrowding of the area. "Furthest that
can be stolen from you here is a phone. Otherwise there are quite
rare cases of murder or strangling - which only now happen at night
and about twice a year... (Housewife, 2014) The area is safe
despite there being only one small police station. In regards to
figure 1, security in Manzese is weak with a crime rate at 50%,
with little police involvement and no military base, as illustrated
in figure 2. As illustrated on map 3, Manzese has higher areas that
were indicated to be more dangerous whilst areas closer to the main
road were safer. As of internet research, Manzese is one of the
most dangerous areas in Dar es Salaam city (Msongo, 2014); In some
parts of Kariakoo, Buguruni, Manzese Tandale most people living
and/or working such areas are in constant struggle for survival.
Sometimes criminality notwithstanding (Dar es Salaam City Council ,
2004)
In Mikocheni, all shops visited claimed to have high security
and that there were very rare cases of robbery. All supermarkets
have security cameras and guards. People claim that it is safe to
walk at night in the area due to the lights and guards almost at
every side of the road. With that, there is a Tanzanian Main
Military Base (JKT) in Mikocheni, making it a rather safe place to
live and work. Map 4 clearly illustrates a much higher amount of
safer areas in comparison to Manzese in map 3. In figure 1,
Mikochenis security is strong with crime rates just at 30% with a
military base in the area along with more police stations as
illustrated in figure 2. Therefore, security somewhat affects the
provision of social services in both areas as any businesses prefer
a much safer environment to invest in. Baraka Plaza is the second
most visited trading mart in Mikocheni, with SANITAS hospital on
its third floor, being a closer and affordable supply of healthcare
service for the well-off population in the region (figure 11).
Regarding the disparity in healthcare, Manzese has a very weak
provision of healthcare with only cynical clinics and hospitals
available within a long travels reach outside of the region. The
clinics and dispensaries not only have a lack of doctors, but have
inexperienced and unregistered doctors and nurses that are
unreliable. Opening a hospital in the area is said to be unsafe as
the expensive procedural equipments might be stolen and they are
not willing to take the risk. Mikocheni however, has a wide supply
of clinics, health centres and hospitals available in the area with
plenty of doctors with experience. Due to good security and
affordability of the service in the area, many small clinics and
health centres are opening e.g. SANITA'S, all with proper
facilities available (figure.11), illustrating how the welfare of
the population along with the level of security affects the
provision of such social services. Being a great social service,
shops and supermarkets are at very wide supply in Mikocheni. Big
supermarkets like Shoppers Plaza, Mikocheni Complex and Hydery
Plaza are available along with small supermarkets and shops selling
foodstuffs, basic goods, carpentries, jewelleries and clothes. This
not only provides a number of employment in Mikocheni but also a
wide variety of quality goods and services. As shown in figure 1
and 2, 80% of the population in Mikocheni are within reach of
proper goods and services. There are plenty of banks and ATM's
showing good security and need to purchase money in the area
showing how well-off the population is, able to afford the goods
and services.
On the other hand, only 52% of the population in Manzese is
within reach of such services with both affordability and transport
to reach them. There are no supermarkets or ATM's in the area -
vividly portraying how the population are not in the financial
state to afford such services. There has not been any case of shops
or supermarkets closing down in the area due to security but most
close due to lack of profit and buyers. This is clearly illustrated
in figure 1 showing the percentage of the population able to afford
and be within reach of such goods and services and figure 2 showing
the amount of availability of such social services. The importance
of this investigation mainly based upon researching on the
disparity of the supply social services corresponding to the level
of security. Manzese area is generally/publicly known to be at a
much lower rate of security than Mikocheni and this hinders the
supply of goods and services that are of good quality. However,
with our research, our findings established that the level of
security is merely one among others to cause this. However, our
acquired knowledge has grown through this investigation, allowing
us to learn more about the two areas in regards to disparity of
wealth and development.
CONCLUSON (199 words)
Throughout this investigation there is a clear conclusion that
the provision of social services is not alone affected by the level
of security in an area but moreover by the financial welfare of the
population. Manzese area is provided with little or no proper
social services not only because of the low level of security but
also by the poverty of the people living there -if people cannot
afford to pay for these goods and services it is only not
profitable to invest in the area. However, with the rich and
well-off community of Mikocheni, firms are able to supply the goods
and services because the affordability according to the population,
hence bringing profit into the firms. The security level is also
high, being a confidence to the firms to in the area. Both areas
clearly show a development disparity where Manzese is at a lower
development than Mikocheni due to its less well-off economy.
Therefore, the rate of security is not the main factor affecting
the provision of social services in Manzese and Mikocheni regions
in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania but rather the wealth of the people
living in the areas, clearly portraying a wealth and development
inequality.
EVALUATION (242 words)The main three methods used in this
investigation (photos, questionnaire and online research) were very
useful. The photos helped to display a clear physical disparity
between Mikocheni and Manzese as well as provide true illustrative
evidence for the fieldwork question. The questionnaires helped
provide a reliable analysis of both areas, on specific aspects
regarding social services and security. Despite the number of
errors due to personal bias of picking the people to ask as well as
the majority being only workers in the area, the questionnaire
helped support the research question to a somewhat extent. The
online research helped gather background information of both areas
over the past years. Despite the biasness of the found information,
online data partially helped create a notion for a concrete
analysis. Predominantly, the investigation methods were good and
provided a much clearer view to the research question. However,
there are several ways that could have been used to improve the
research in the future. Firstly, the data collection could have
improved if we were more aware of the safe areas to be in and had
an opportunity and time to visit not only the work areas, but also
the homes. Secondly, an extension of time up to two days one day
for one area- would make the data collection more diverse and
efficient to analyse. Finally, I could modify the research question
into Does the financial welfare of an area affect its provision of
social services?
APPENDIX Questionnaire:1. 4
2. How many schools or education institutions are there in the
region?
A. Secondary 0 - 55 1010 - 20
B. Primary0 - 55 - 1010 - 20
3. How many medical institutions/ clinic/ hospitals are there in
the region?1 - 55 - 1010 - 20
4. What is the percentage of children attending school in the
region?
A. Secondary0 - 55 1010 - 20
B. Primary0 5 5 1010 125. Do you;a) Listen to news on the
radio?YesNoIf yes how many times? Every several hours
Once a day Everyday Once a week Other (specify)
Specify: ____________________________________________
b) Watch news on the television?YesNo If yes how many times?
Every several hours Once a day Everyday Once a week Other
(specify
Specify: ____________________________________________
c) Read the newspaper on security & police records?
YesNo
If yes how many times? Every several hours Once a day Everyday
Once a week Other (specify
Specify: ____________________________________________
6. Do you feel secure when you go about your activities after
hours?
______________________________________________________
7. Is there a shortage of doctors or clinics in different parts
of the area due to the state of security?
YesNo8. Is there a lack of teachers in the surrounding schools
due to the state of security?
YesNo9. Have there been any firms/social service sectors that
have been closed down due to the state of security in the area?
YesNo
10. If yes to question 9, which sectors closed down? Education
HealthCare Super markets? If so how many closed down? 5 10 10 15 15
20 Other (specify) Specify: __________________ 11. How many times
do robberies occur in the area? Every several hours Once a day
Everyday Once a week Other (specify)
Specify: ____________________________________________
REFERENCES
Dar es Salaam City Council . (2004, November). Dar es Salaam
City Profile. Retrieved from
https://www.google.co.tz/search?q=Dar+es+Salaam+city+profile+2014&oq=Dar+es+Salaam+city+profile+2014&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l2.6530j0j7&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8Housewife.
(2014, 03). Housewife explaining on security levels. (E. Kitange,
Interviewer)Msongo. (2014, April). Dar-es-salaam most dangerous
areas. Retrieved from Msongo:
msongo.blogspot.com/2013/04/dar-es-salaam-most-dangerous-areas.html
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