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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
In Section A, answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4.Answer all questions in Section B (Tectonic Hazards) and all questions in Section C (Challenges in the 21st Century).Use black ink or black ball-point pen.Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.If further space is required you should use the continuation page(s) at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part-question; you are advised to divide your time accordingly.This paper requires that you make as full use as possible of appropriate examples and reference to data to support your answer. Sketch maps and diagrams should be included where relevant.A plain page is available at the end of each section for you to add any relevant sketch maps and diagrams you may wish to include. The question number(s) should be clearly shown.
MK*(S19-B110U10-1)© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Surname
Other Names
CandidateNumber
2
CentreNumber
GCE AS
B110U10-1
TUESDAY, 14 MAY 2019 – AFTERNOON
GEOGRAPHY – AS component 1CHANGING LANDSCAPES2 hours 15 minutes
S19-B110U10-1
For Examiner’s use only
Question MaximumMark
MarkAwarded
Either 1 and 2
or3 and 4
15
20
5. 40
6. 35
7. 10
Total 120
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Section A: Changing Landscapes
Answer either questions 1 and 2 or questions 3 and 4 from your chosen landscape.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Either: Coastal Landscapes
Answer questions 1 and 2 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 1a: Coastal landscape at Poole, Dorset, UK
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Figure 1b: Sketch of coastal landscape in Figure 1a
X
1. (a) Label Figure 1b to explain the processes responsible for the formation of landform X. [5]
X
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(b) Examine the role that wind plays in the development of a coastal sand dune. [10]
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Figure 2: Mean annual wave energy in UK territorial waters
2. (a) Use Figure 2 to describe the pattern of wave energy. [5]
0° E
50° N
55° N
60° N
50° N
55° N
60° N
5° W10° W15° W
0° E5° W10° W15° W20° W
Mean wave energy(kW/m of wave crest)
Key:
0 250
km
61 – 70
51 – 60
41 – 50
31 – 40
21 – 30
11 – 20
0 – 10
Source: http://www.prowavetech.co.uk
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(b) Discuss the impact of either eustatic or isostatic sea level changes on the development of one coastal landform. [15]
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Or: Glaciated Landscapes
Answer questions 3 and 4 if this is your chosen landscape.
Figure 3a: Glaciated landscape at Twin Lakes, Michigan, USA
3. (a) Label Figure 3b to explain the processes responsible for the formation of landform Y. [5]
Y
Figure 3b: Sketch of glaciated landscape in Figure 3a
Y
Source: https://www.mtu.edu/geo
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(b) Contrast some of the features of highland and lowland glacial landscapes. [10]
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Figure 4: Retreat of the last Quaternary ice sheet in the Irish Sea
4. (a) Use Figure 4 to describe the pattern of ice retreat. [5]
4°W
Approximate positionof the edge of the icesheet (ka = thousandsof years before present)
Key:
6°W8°W
50° N
52° N
54° N
0 100km
N
24.3 – 23.0 ka
23.7 – 22.9 ka
23.4 – 22.4 ka
22.5 – 21.2 ka
17.8 – 16.9 ka
21.9 – 20.7 ka
WALES
IRELAND
2°W10°W
Source: https://www.researchgate.net
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(b) Discuss the view that the most significant changes to glacial landscapes happen over millennia. [15]
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Section B: Tectonic Hazards
Answer all questions.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
Figure 5: Eruption of Bogoslof Volcano, Alaska, USA
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0 500
Dutch Harbor
Anchorage
Homer
Kodiak
Juneau
1000
km
R U S S I A
C A N A D A
USA(ALASKA)
BeringSea Gulf of
AlaskaAlaska Penins
ula
N
Bogoslof Volcanoerupted on 27th March 2017,sending an ash cloud9140 metres into the air.
Type: StratovolcanoHeight abovesea level: 91.5 metres
Key:VolcanoTownAirport
Cruise port
Aleutian Islands
5. (a) Use Figure 5 to suggest the impacts of the volcanic eruption on the region shown. [5]
Source: https://www.seattletimes.com
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onlyFigure 6: Satellite images of Bogoslof volcanic island, Alaska, USA
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0 100metres
N
March 19, 2015 January 11, 2017
April 24, 2017January 31, 2017
Source: https://eros.usgs.gov
(b) Use Figure 6 to describe the changes in Bogoslof volcanic island. [5]
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Figure 7: Changes to area of Bogoslof volcanic island, Alaska, USA
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Date Island Area (km2)
19th March 2015 0.288
25th December 2016 0.293
11th January 2017 0.437
24th January 2017 0.623
31st January 2017 1.020
24th April 2017 1.290
Source: https://watchers.news
(c) (i) Use Figure 7 to calculate the total area of land created between 11th and 31st January 2017. Show your workings and give your answer to 2 decimal places. [2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . km2
(ii) Use Figure 7 to calculate the percentage growth of Bogoslof Island from 19th March 2015 to 24th April 2017. Show your workings and give your answer to 2 decimal places. [3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % growth
(iii) Name a suitable graphical method for representing the data in Figure 7. [1]
(iv) Justify your choice of method in (c)(iii). [4]
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(d) (i) Outline the main characteristics of two types of volcanic eruption. [6]
(ii) State one reason why few deaths are caused by lava flows. [2]
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(e) ‘Volcanoes only generate hazards at the local scale.’ Discuss. [12]
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6. (a) Examine the view that earthquake hazards impact countries with low levels of development more significantly than countries with high levels of development. [15]
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Additional space for Question 6(a): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Evaluate the responses to two tectonic events. [20]
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Additional space for Question 6(b): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Section C: Challenges in the 21st Century
Answer all questions.
Make the fullest possible use of examples and data to support your answers.
7. To what extent do changing landscapes improve the economic characteristics of places? [10]
In your answer to question 7, you may make use of the material in Figures 8 and 9 and apply your own knowledge and understanding.
Figure 8: A liquefied natural gas tanker at the South Hook LNG Terminal, Milford Haven, Wales, UK
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Figure 9: Cairngorm Mountains ski centre, Aviemore, Scotland, UK
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Additional space for Question 7: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
END OF PAPER
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