GEOGRAPHY and its 5 THEMES

Chapter 1 7th grade World Geography

Lesson Objectives/Skills •  7.3.16 Demonstrate understanding of characteristics and

implications of a diverse global culture. •  7.3.18 Analyze the environmental consequences of humans

changing their physical environment (i.e., air and water pollution, mining, deforestation, global warming).

•  7.3.1 Identify and use the basic elements of maps and mapping. •  7.3.6 Locate on a map specific lines of longitude and latitude

(i.e., Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Equator, North and South Poles, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic circles).

•  7.3.10 Identify the characteristics that define a region geographically.

•  7.3.21 Examine reasons and patterns of human migration through the use of maps, charts, diagrams (i.e., famine, natural disasters, political and religious oppression, wars).

•  7.5.2 Identify reasons why people choose to settle in different places (i.e., occupation, family, climate, natural resources).

•  It is the study of our earth. •  Anything that can be mapped. •  Geography mixes up the physical and

human aspects of our world into one field of study.

•  Geography shows the relationship between people and the environment.

OwlTeacher.com

What is Geography?

What is a geographer?

•  Someone who analyzes the Earth from many points of view.

OwlTeacher.com

•  oceans •  plant life •  landforms •  people •  how the Earth and its people affect

each other

OwlTeacher.com

What Geographers Study

The Five Themes of Geography

•  There are five ways to look at the earth. When geographers work, they are guided by two basic questions:

1)   Where are things located?

2)   Why are they there?

To find these answers, geographers use five themes to organize information

OwlTeacher.com

Five Themes of

Geography

Movement

Region

Human-

Environment Interaction

Location

Place

LOCATION Where are things located?

•  Describes where something is on earth •  Two types of locations:

– Absolute location - exact location (fixed) – Relative location - general location (variable)

LOCATION Where are things located?

ABSOLUTE Location: exact location on earth (fixed) •  Doesn’t change

– Latitude/Longitude – Hemispheres – Grid System –  Address

RELATIVE Location: compared to other places (variable)

•  Changes dependent upon where you’re comparing it to. – Miles – Distance – Direction

Absolute Location

•  Examples: – Rome is located at 41 N, 12 E – Argentina is located in the southern hemisphere – Ecuador is located in Tropic of Cancer. – Wolfchase Mall is located in Memphis, TN.

Relative Location

•  Examples: – Rome is located near the Mediterranean Sea. – Argentina is near Brazil. – Ecuador is south of Mexico. – Lincoln is 50 miles from Omaha.

LOCATION Where are we?

•  What is Riverdale’s location?

–  Absolute location

–  Relative Location

PLACE What is it like there? What kind of place is it?

•  Place is closely related to location, but place does NOT just tell where an area is located.

•  Place uses characteristics that define a place and explains what makes it different from other places, focusing on two main ideas. – Human (Cultural) Characteristics – Physical Characteristics

Human (Cultural) Characteristics

•  Specific to THAT place, not generic. –  Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is represented.

•  Man-made or invented. –  Language –  Unique buildings –  Religious Practices –  Celebrations/traditions/holidays

•  Examples: –  Portuguese is the official language of Brazil. –  Many Mexicans are Catholic. –  Mayan ruins are located in Mexico. –  Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico.

•  What is it like there? What kind of place is it?

Physical Characteristics

•  Specific to THAT place, not generic. – The way a place looks.

•  Created by nature. –  Mountains –  Rivers, Lakes, Seas –  Climate –  Vegetation

•  Examples: –  Andes Mountains are in South America. –  Amazon River flows through Brazil. –  Pampas are located in Argentina. –  The isthmus of Panama connects Central & South America.

•  What is it like there? What kind of place is it?

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

•  How do humans and the environment affect each other? – We depend on it.

•  People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.

– We modify it. •  People modify our environment by

heating and cooling buildings for comfort.

– We adapt to it. •  We adapt to the environment by wearing

clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

How do humans and the environment affect each other?

•  The environment & people are interconnected. •  Consequences to those actions depend upon

how people choose to interact with the world and use their resources. – Positive/Negative –  Intentional/Accidental – Favorable/Destructive

•  Current Environmental Issues: – Climate Change (global warming) – Energy Resources – Water Conservation – Deforestation

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

How do humans and the environment affect each other?

MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved

from place to place?

– Human Movement •  Trucks, Trains, Planes

–  Information Movement •  Phones, computer (email), mail

–  Idea Movement •  How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines

MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved

from place to place? •  Places do not exist in isolation.

–  Interconnectedness of the world changes the way places“look”. • Today: “globalization”

– People, goods & ideas move from place to place. •  Examples:

–  Immigration from Latin America to US. – War in Iraq (troops, supplies, ideas, people) – UNL (people, ideas) – Twitter, Facebook (ideas)

REGION How are Regions similar to and different from other places?

•  The world is divided into different regions based upon

similarities & differences. – Climate – Location – Beliefs – Languages – Ethnicity/Race

•  Three Types of Regions: – Formal – Functional – Perceptual/Vernacular

FORMAL REGION How are Regions similar to and different from other places?

•  Most common/familiar. •  Determined by the distribution of a uniform characteristic

(physical or cultural) •  Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries •  Regions defined by similar characteristics

–  Location –  Climate –  Religion

•  Examples: –  Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama) –  Latin America (Spanish-speaking nations) –  Tropics (countries located near equator)

FUNCTIONAL REGION How are Regions similar to and different from other places?

•  Serves a purpose that affects places around it. – Distributes goods/people –  Serves specific purpose

•  Examples: – Panama Canal – Amazon River Basin – Hollywood – Havana, Cuba – Newspaper service area

PERCEPTUAL/VERNACULAR REGION

How are Regions similar to and different from other places?

•  Groups of areas that provoke a certain stereotype or feeling.

•  Regions defined by peoples perception.

•  Examples: – The Bronx – The “ghetto” – China town – The South

Remembering the 5 themes

•  If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!

• M – Movement • R – Regions • HE – Human Environment interaction • L – Location • P - Place

Five Themes of

Geography

Movement

Region

Human-

Environment Interaction

Location

Place

Location

The World in Spatial Terms: 1. How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective 2. How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on earth's surface

How the Five Themes Connect to the Geography Standards

Place

Region

Places and Regions: 4. The physical and human characteristics of places 5. That people create regions to interpret earth's complexity 6. How culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions

Physical Systems 7. The physical processes that shape the patterns of earth's surface 8. The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on earth's surface Human Systems 9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on earth's surface 10. The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of earth's cultural mosaics 11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on earth's surface 12. The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement 13. How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of earth's surface Environment and Society 14. How human actions modify the physical environment 15. How physical systems affect human systems 16. The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources

Movement

Human-

Environment Interaction