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Geography 2109Ch. 2 Part 1- Physiographic Regions of Canada
Conceptual Framework 7 Physiographic Regions
Geophysical Processes and Regionalism
Climatic Processes, Types and Regionalism
Geophysical Heartland/Hinterland
Determinants of Human Settlement
Characteristics of RegionsSuperior Climate & Vegetational Impacts
Physiography: A study of landforms, their
underlying geology, and the processes that shape these landforms.
Geophysical Processes and Regionalism
Geothermal Activities Continental Drift & Mountain
building The Rock Cycle Glacial Cycles & processes Erosion and Sedimentation
Earth’s Geothermal Core, Mantle and Crust
Geophysical Processes and Regionalism
Geophysical Processes Continental Drift & Mountain
building
Geophysical Processes Mountain building The Rock Cycle Rock Origins
- Igneous (molten intrusion)- Sedimentary (deposition)- Metamorphic (pressure)
Process- Horizontal & vertical pushlifts rock into highlands- Glaciers, wind, water erode tops into sharp peaks, cirques, arêtes- Further erosion decreasesheight and widens troughs- Deposits accumulate from eroded materials- Weight, heat, settling compact and buckle rock
Geophysical Processes Erosion
Water (can carry sand to boulders depending on flow speed)
Air (fine particulates – silt, sand) Slumps, slides (large masses of land)
These physiographicsurface processesare driven by Climate,yet they have significant impact onhuman choice for both settlement andeconomic activity
Geophysical Processes Glaciation and Glacial Impacts
Ice Ages (20k-year cycle) Last glaciation peak 14K BP Isostatic Rebound
Restrained Rebound (during meltback)
Postglacial Uplift (end of meltback – 11K BP)
Residual Uplift (not yet finished)
Glacial Impacts Glacial Deposition
Glacial till (at edges during retreat)
Drumlins (long, low hills -during advance push)
Eskers (long, narrow – by meltwaters under glaciers)
Glacial striations (on bedrock by gouging during advance)
Rivers and Lakes
Types of Precipitation (3) Rainfall, Snow and Hail
Convectional precipitation (moist air is forced to rise over warm ground)
Frontal precipitation (warm front meets cold and is forced to rise above it) Orographic precipitation (warm front
forced to rise over mountains) Rain Shadow Effect (as this same air mass moves down leeward slopes, the leeward side warms the air and it rises again without precipitation)
Convectional
Orographic
Rain Shadow Effect
Cold Front
Warm Front
Acknowledgement of Image Sources
• Glacial images and landforms from The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2003. CD Edition, available from Petro-Canada outlets.
• Maps:
– Physiographic regions: Robert Bone. 2002. The Geography of Canada, 2nd Edition.
– Tracing the Magnetic Pole, The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2003. CD Edition
– Wisconsin Ice Sheet, Gleick, 2000: p. 70 (fig. 20)
– World map Pangea 200M years ago, and world today from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ice/continents/
• Global Core, Mathez (ed.). 2001. Earth: Inside & Out pp. 157, 156, 68 respectively.
• Erosion images, German Newspaper website http://www.sueddeutsche.de, 2002.
• Cyclone and Wave Erosion, EPA website, Great Lakes, July 2002, http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/visual.html,