Geographic l1

8/17/2019 Geographic l1

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1. Skip 2.

Q. Who among the following wasrst to state that Earth wasspherical

A.Aristotle!."opernic#s

".$tolem%&.Stra'o

($S" $relims 2))1

"orrect Answeris A


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p

Reason for seasons* +ilte, Earth


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S#mmer an, Winter Solstice


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$relims

2)13

Q. -ariations in length of,a%time an, nighttime from

season to season are ,#e toa/ Earth0s rotation on its ais

'/ Earth0s revol#tion aro#n,

the s#n in an ellipticalmanner

c/ atit#,inal position of the

place,/ Revol#tion of earth on a

tilte, ais

($S"

Q#estion


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$relims

2)13

-ariations in length of,a%time an, nighttime from

season to season are ,#e toa/ Earth0s rotation on its ais

'/ Earth0s revol#tion aro#n,

the s#n in an ellipticalmanner

c/ atit#,inal position of the

place,/ Revol#tion of earth on a

tilte, ais

($S"

Q#estion


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&a%light Saving in +emperate

regions


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7nternational &ate ine


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• Earth rotates38) 9s in 2:ho#rs

•

38);2: 1


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31st

&ecMorningR#ssia

3)th &ecMornin

gAlas

ka


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7nternational &ate ine

Movin

gWest

1 &A=

Movin

g East1 &A=

4ain


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1/ Ever% co#ntr% selects its stan,ar,meri,ian.

2/ Ang#lar ,istance 'etween stan,ar,meri,ian of a nation to 4reenwichmeri,ian time >4M+/

Stan,ar, time


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• 7S+ ? 62.< EMeri,ian

• 7S+


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!ritish la#nche,"hai'agaan time >1 hr

ahea, of 7S+/ 1


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R#ssian +ime Fones


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7f 12 noon at 4M+ whatis the time at C< 9E

•. &iGerence C< 9

•. 1< 9 H 1 ho#r

•. C< 9 H < ho#rs

•. East >means a,,/ 12

< < pm

+imeones

Q#estion


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7f 12 noon at 4M+ whatis the time at 3) 9W

•. &iGerence 3) 9

•. 1< 9 H 1 ho#r

•. 3) 9 H 2 ho#rs

•. East >means min#s/

12 2 1) am

+imeones

Q#estion


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$relims 1III

Q. 7f it is 1).)) am 7S+@then what wo#l, 'e thelocal time at Shillong onI2 ,eg E ongit#,e

a/ I.36 am'/ 1).36 am

c/ 1).22 am,/ I.22 am

($S"

Eercise


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$relims 2))8

Q. +hro#gh which oneof the following gro#psof co#ntries ,oeseJ#ator pass

a/ !rail@ Fam'ia an,Mala%sia

'/ "ol#m'ia@ 5en%a an,7n,onesia

c/ !rail@ S#,an an,

Mala%sia

($S"

Eercise


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$relims

2))6

Q. Which of thefollowing cities isnearest to the eJ#ator

a/ "olom'o

'/ Dakartac/ Manila

,/ Singapore

($S"

Eercise


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$relims2))6

Q. Which one of thefollowing straits isnearest to the7nternational &ate ine

a/ Malacca Strait'/ !ering strait

c/ Strait of Klori,a,/ Strait of 4i'raltar

($S"

Eercise


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Strait of Klori,a


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Strait of 4i'raltar

E i


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$relims

2))I

Q. "onsi,er thefollowing co#ntries*

1. A#stralia

2. Lami'ia

3. !rail

:. "hile

+hro#gh which of thea'ove ,oes the +ropicof "apricorn pass

($S"

Eercise


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1. ongit#,e

2. atit#,e3. Reason for

Seasons on

Earth:. +ime ones

S lf St ,


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Self St#,%L"ER+ "lass8*"hapter 2ongit#,es@atit#,es an, time

onesMap* 4reenwich linepasses thro#gh

which famo#s citiesan, co#ntries of the

worl,

L"ER+


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GEOMORPHOLOGY

4


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rigin of the Earth

Le'#la +heor%

+heor% of aplace verview

4eomorpholog%


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4aseo#s clo#,of N@ Ne ?ra,iation ?cooling

"ontracting• Separation of

o#ter ring ? I

parts H Iplanets

rigin of earth ? Le'#lar theor% of

aplace


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• Neavierelementsnear the corean, lighter at

the s#rface• a%ere,

str#ct#re of

earth0sinterior

Le'#lar +heor% of aplace

4eomorp


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1. &ensit% st#,%*

2. +emperat#re st#,%

3. Str#ct#ral st#,%

. &irect evi,ences

. 7n,irect evi,ences

7nterior

of theEarth

4eomorpholog%


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• #ter la%er

>continents/? S7A• Mantle an, oceanic

cr#st ? S7MA

• "ore ? Li Ke

E,war, S#ess


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• Seismic waves mechanical waves reJ#ire me,i#m for propagation

• +heir 'ehavio#r changes with changes of

me,i#m• 2 imp waves* primar% $ an, secon,ar% S

waves

• S waves can travel into onl% S an, 4 me,i#m

• $ can travel in all 3 me,i#ms

• !#t spee, is highest in SHH4

Seismic wave st#,ies


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Swave $ropagation


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$waves propagation


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'servations• Asthenosphere ?

semimolten

• !e%on,Asthenospheremantle rocks are,ense

•

#ter core ?liJ#i,• +he inner core issoli,

Self St#,%


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Self St#,%"lass11 "hapter3*7nterior of Earth

L"ER+


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Earth as a whole

• Iron (Fe) - highest

• %gen >2/

• Silicon >Si/• Magnesi#m >Mg/

• S#lph#r >S/

• Lickel >Li/

• "alci#m >"a/

• Al#min#m >Al/ lowest

• %gen >2/ highest

• Silicon >Si/

• Al#min#m >Al/• 7ron >Ke/

• "alci#m >"a/

• Magnesi#m >Mg/

• So,i#m >La/

• $otassi#m >5/ lowest

Earth’s crust

"omposition of the interior of the

earth

4eomor


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7gneo#s rocks

Metamorpho#s rocks

Se,imentar% rocks

Rocks in

thecr#st

4eomorpho


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Rock


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forme, ,#e tosoli,ication of magma

>7/ or lava >E/

+he% ,on0t have

strata or la%ers!eca#se entire lava issoli,ie,

+he% are cr%stalline

+he% ,on0t have

fossils

7gneo#sRocks

Rock +%pes

Rock


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forme, ,#e tolithication of soil

erosion of rocks H,eposition of gran#les

H compaction Hlithication

Alwa%s stratie,

+he% ma% have fossils

Se,ime

ntar%rocks

Rock +%pes


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• 'oth igneo#s an, se,imentar% rockschange, #n,er heat or press#re or'oth

• Lo fossil

• Lo stratication

Metamorphose, rocks


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Q#estio


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"onsi,er the followingstatements ma,e a'o#tse,imentar% rocks*

1. Se,imentar% rocks are forme,at earth0s s#rface '%h%,rological s%stem

2. Kormation of se,imentar%rocks involves the weatheringof preeisting rocks

3. Se,imentar% rocks contains

fossils:. Se,imentar% rocks occ#r in

la%ers

($S"

Q#estion

$relims2))1

Q#estio


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$relims 2))1

Q. Q#artite ismetamorphose, from*

a/ imestone

'/ 'si,ian

c/ San,stone,/ shale

($S"

Q#estion

7 t i f th th


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7nterior of the earth

&iGerent la%ers ?str#ct#re an,composition

Rocks$roperties of rocks


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4eological time scale of Earth

years Eon Era I!ortance

:.8

3.


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Years Eon Era Perio" E!och I!ortance


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Ro,inia in $re"am'rian


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Ro,inia 'reak #p $alaeooic


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Mesooic merger $angaea

2)) l ' k f


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2)) ml %ears ago ? 'reak #p of$angaea


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18< ml ? 'reak #p of 4on,wana


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Movement of 7n,ia


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"ontinental ,rift3 +heories


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Alfre, Wegener

• 1st to propo#n,movement of

continents• Nis "ontinental

&rift +heor%

• Nis : main

o'servations


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#st O$ser%ationMatching "oastlines

igsaw t


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&n" O$ser%ation

Similarit% of Age of the rocks


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'thO$ser%ation

Kossilevi,ences


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th o$ser%ation

$alaeoclimatic

evi,ences4lacialevi,ence,

in +ropicallan,s


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• S#per continent $angaea

• cean ? $anthalasa

• "ontinent ? S7A rocks

• cean ? S7MA rocks

• Mi, Mesooic $angaea 'roke #p an,,rifte, apart

"ontinental &rift +heor%

imitation of "ontinental &rift


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• &riving force

• 4ravitational p#ll of s#n an, moon

• 7,ea of S7A an, S7MA


theor%



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theor%

Wh t ,Q#estio


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Mains2)13

What ,o %o##n,erstan, '% theor% of

continental ,rift&isc#ss the prominent

evi,ences in itss#pport. >


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$relims

2)1:

Q. Which of thefollowing phenomena

might have inO#ence,the evol#tion of

organisms1. "ontinental ,rift

2. 4lacial c%cles

Ans. !oth

($S"

Qn


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Arth#r Nolmes

• Arth#r Nolmes*

• "onvection c#rrent

theor%• "onvection cells ?

force 'ehin,,rifting of

continents


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SeaOoor mapping

• ring 1I:)san, 1I


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Q#estions*

1/ cean cr#stnot ol,er thanmi,Mesooic

2/ Age increaseawa% from MR

3/ Seamo#nts,eforme, at

trenches

cean Ooor mapping


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• 1I8)s Narr% Nass an, &ietanswere, J#estion regar,ing oceanmapping #sing convection theor%

• reveale, m%ster% of mi,oceanicri,ge an, trenches

Sea Ooor sprea,ing +heor%


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Mi, ?ceanic ri,ge


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• Rising lim' of c#rrent 'reaks thecean cr#st

• !asaltic er#ption

• Acc#m#lation of lava ? ri,ge H MR

• Lew ceanic cr#st

• &ivergent lim' ? epansion of oceancr#st

MR


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+renches

h


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• At trench cean

Ooor ,estro%e, ?melte, in mantle

• ceanic cr#stheavier than

continental cr#st

• cean Ooor actlike conve%or 'elt

• cean Ooor ?c%clic process ?3)) ml %rs

MR +rench

i h


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Mariana trench

Q 7n which one of theQ#estio


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$relims

2))8

Q. 7n which one of thefollowing oceans the

&iamantina +rench islocate,

a/ $acic cean'/ Atlantic cean

c/ 7n,ian cean

,/ Arctic cean

($S"

n

&i ti t h


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&iamantine trench

$ l ti


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$alaeomagentism

•

Magnetism ofrocks along MR

• MagnetometerMagnetic parallel

stripes? normalan, reversemagnetic prole

•

1st

"arls'erg ri,ge? 7n,ian ocean

$ l ti


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• -ine an, matthe#s

• Molten lava getpolarit%

geomagnetic el,of that perio,Soli,if%

• cean Ooor ?magnetic tape

$alaeomagentism

$ l ti


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concl#sion

1/ $erio,ic reversal of magnetic el, ofthe earth

2/ Rate of seaOoor sprea,ing ,eci,e, '%age ,istance 'etween two eJ#almagnetic stripes

•

Atlantic ? 1.) cm; %ear• 7n,ian ? 1.< cm;%ear

• $acic ? 8.) cm;%ear

$alaeomagnetism

Q !etween 7n,ia an,Q#estio


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$relims

2)11

Q. !etween 7n,ia an,East Asia@ the

navigation time an,,istance can 'e greatl%

re,#ce, '% which of thefollowing

a/ &eepening Malacca

strait 'etween7n,onesia an,Mala%sia

($S"

n

3 +h i


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Geographic l1