Geog 373Geog 373Geog 373Geog 373

Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography

Prof. Mark Davidson (mdavidson@clarku.edu

Office Hours: Thur 3:00-4:30

Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography Seminar in Urban Geography ---- Spring 2010

mdavidson@clarku.edu) Class Meeting: Wed 9

4:30 Office: JAC 103 (793-7291)

1

9-11:50 / G104

7291)

2

Purpose and scope

This seminar explores some of the fundamental paradigms and developments in urban theory. Roughly structured along temporal lines, the seminar progresses to examine how theoretical imports and formulations have continually shaped the questions and concerns of urban geography. We will therefore discuss how theoretical movements such as positivism and postmodernism have shaped geographical thinking and, consequently, impacted upon how geographers have thought about cities and urban development.

The main objectives of the course are therefore (i) to understand how various theoretical perspectives have shaped the study of cities and (ii) develop a critical and comparative understanding of different approaches to urban questions. As such, during our discussions we will be required to be aware of, and examine, how different ontological and epistemological positions intertwine within urban theor(ies).

Delivery

The seminar will take the form of a reading group, where each of the students will select a reading which they would like to introduce and discuss with the group. For selected readings, students should identify themes and/or issues that arise from their study. For example, the methodological basis of a set of theories may be raised and discussed or, alternatively, the positionality of a set of theorists – e.g. the LA School – might be a theme raised in the seminar. We will aim to give approximately 30 minutes to each selected reading, however productive discussions will be given preference over strict timekeeping.

Importantly, the seminar is designed as a forum to discuss and explore the issues raised in the readings. Whilst you will be knowledgeable about many aspects of urban theory, it is simply impossible to have a precise working understanding of each. Our emphasis is therefore upon shared and co-operative explorations, using the advantages of a group seminar to examine the readings from each of our own perspectives.

As with all seminar groups, you will get out what you put in; preparing is key. You should carefully read all of the selected readings and have an understanding of their theoretical foundations.

Class Meetings

We meet every Wednesday at 9am, and our seminar will last until 11:50am. As such, we will intersperse our discussions with one or two breaks.

Assessment

The course uses a variety of assessment methods. These are:

- Reading preparation (20%): At the end of each seminar, you will be asked to provide (i) a short summary (200 words) of each assigned reading and (ii) a list of questions/discussion topics for your particular assigned reading. This submission can be annotated during the seminar discussion, but it should demonstrate evidence of your preparation, comprehension of the readings and intellectual engagement.

3

- Class participation (25%): In-class discussions are pivotal to the learning outcomes of this course. It is intended to both introduce you the subject matter and begin your intellectual engagement. As such, discussing the readings during class is a learning priority. You will be graded on your participation, listening and engagement with others.

- Reaction paper (15%): You will be required to write a short (2000 words) reaction paper midway through the course. You will be asked to respond to a statement. This statement will relate to one aspect of the first part of the course.

- Final paper (40%): In the latter half of the semester, you will be required to write an extend paper (4000 words) that debates/discusses various aspects of the urban geography literature. This paper will give you the opportunity to explore elements of the course that have particularly interested you.

Access to readings and books

Most of the assigned readings are available on the course webpage in pdf format. Where it is not possible to put the readings online, they will be distributed in hardcopy during the classes. Some of the supplementary and recommended reading materials will not be made available in pdf, however they are available in the library.

Topics

Week One – Introduction and Discussion

Week Two – The Urban Question

Week Three – Contemporary Urban Question(s)

Week Four – The Chicago School and its Legacies

Week Five – Urban Systems

Week Six – Place

Week Seven – Nature of Cities

Week Eight – Spring Break

Week Nine – Neoclassical

Week Ten – Behavioural

Week Eleven – Structural

Week Twelve – Postmodern

Week Thirteen – No class [reading week: the ‘post’ question]

Week Fourteen – Cultural

Week Fifteen – Theory at work: Gentrification

4

Website

The syllabus, grades, readings, and other assignments will be posted on the course website (Cicada: https://cicada.clarku.edu), and/or distributed in hardcopy.

Honor Code

Clark University’s policies of academic integrity apply to every aspect of this course. Please see www.clarku.edu/offices/aac/integrity.cfm if you have any questions about what this entails.

Special Needs

Persons with disabilities or in need of special accommodations to meet the expectations of this course and take full advantage of learning opportunities are encouraged to contact the office of Disability Services as soon as possible to request such accommodations. Disability Services is located in the Academic Advising Center, 142 Woodland Street, second floor, 508-793-7468. In addition, it would be helpful to bring this to the instructor’s attention as early as possible.

5

The Urban Question

• Tonnies, F. 1955[1887]. Community and Society (Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft). London: Dover Publications P

o On Tonnies: Adair-Toteff, C. 1995. Ferdinand Tonnies: Utopian Visionary, Sociological Theory, 13(1), 58-65 P

• Simmel, G. 1995[1903]. The metropolis and mental life. In: Kasinitz, P. ed. 1995. Metropolis: Center and symbol for our times. New York: New York University Press; 30-45 P

• Simmel, G. 1950[1908] The Stranger, In: Wolff, K. (Trans.) The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press, 402-408. P

• Wirth, L. 1938. Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology 44, 1-24 P o On Wirth: Guterman, S. 1969. In defense of Wirth’s “Urbanism as a way of life.” American Journal of Sociology 74:492-499 P

• Mumford, L. 1995. The culture of cities. In Kasinitz, P. ed. Metropolis: Center and symbol for our times. New York: New York University Press. P

• Mumford, L. 1996[1937]. What is a City, In: LeGates, R. and Stout, F. eds. The City Reader. London: Routledge, 183-188 P

• Horner, G. 1979. Kropotkin and the City, Antipode, 10(3), 33-45 P

You should also explore Emile Durkheim’s views on society and solidarity in The Division of Labour in Society.

- Pope, W. and Johnson, B. 1983. Inside Organic Solidarity, American Sociological Review, 48(5), 681-692 P

Contemporary Approaches to the Urban Question

• Amin, A. and Thrift, N. 2002. Cities: Reimagining the Urban. Polity, London. 1-26 B

• Debord, G. 1955. Introduction to a Critique of Urban Geography P

• Harvey, D. 1978. The urban process under capitalism: A framework for analysis. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2:101-131 P

• Soja, E. 1980. The sociospatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 70:207-225. P

• Dear, M. and Flusty, S. 1998. Postmodern urbanism. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88, 50-72. P

• Sheller, M. and Urry, J. 2006. The New Mobilities Paradigm, Environment and Planning A, 38, 207-226 P

• Vasishth, A. and Sloane, D. 2002. Returning to ecology: an ecosystem approach to understanding the city. In: Dear, M. ed., From Chicago to LA: Making Sense of Urban Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp. 343-366 P

6

Chicago School and its Legacy

• Burgess, E. 1923. The growth of the city: an introduction to a research project. Publications of the American Sociological Society, 18, 86-97. P

• Park, R. 1936. Human ecology. American Journal of Sociology 42: 349.P

• Frazier, E. 1937. Negro Harlem: an ecological study. American Journal of Sociology 43:72-88 P

• DuBois W. E. B. 1967[1899]. The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. New York: Shocken Books. pp. 1-9; 58-65; 287-355 P

• Young, I.M. 1989. Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship, Ethics, 99(2), 250-274 P

• Putnam, Robert. 1993. The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. The American Prospect 13:35-42. P

• Bauder, H. 2002. Neighbourhood effects and cultural exclusion, Urban Studies, 39(1), 85-93 P Recommended Further Reading

• Fernandez-Kelly, P. 1994. Towanda’s triumph: Social and cultural capital in the transition to adulthood in the urban ghetto. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18:88-111 P

• Lyon, L. 1989. The concept of community. In The community in urban society, ed. L. Lyon. Toronto: Lexington Books.

• Garber, J. 1995. Defining feminist community: Place, choice, and the urban politics of difference. In Gender in Urban Research, eds. J. Garber and R.Turner. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage. B

• Sampson, R. 2008. “After School” Chicago: Space and the City, Urban Geography, 29(2), 127-137 P

• Joseph, M. 2002. Against the Romance of Community. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. L

• Wacquant, L. 1998. Negative social capital: State breakdown and social destitution in America's urban core, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 13(1), 25-40 P

• Wacquant, L. 2008. Ghettos and Anti-Ghettos: An Anatomy of the New Urban Poverty, Thesis Eleven 94 (August), 1-7 P

The Urban System/Globalization and Global Cities

• Amin, A. 2002. Spatialities of Globalisation, Environment and Planning A, 34, 385-399 P

• Beaverstock, J., Smith, R. and Taylor, P. 2000. World-City Network: A New Meta-geography? Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(1), 123-34 P

• Borchert, J. 1967. American metropolitan evolution. Geographical Review 57:301-332. P

• Olds, K. 1995. Globalization and the production of new urban spaces: Pacific Rim megaprojects in the late 20th century, Environment and Planning A, 27(11), 1713-44 L

• Sassen, S. 1996. Whose City Is It? Globalization and the Formation of New Claims, Public Culture, 8, 205-223 P

7

• Castells, M. 1999. Grassrooting the Space of Flows. In: Wheeler, J., Aoyama, Y. and Warf, B. eds. Cities in the telecommunications age: the fracturing of geographies. Routledge: London. B

• Brenner, N. and Theodore, N. 2002. Cities and the Geographies of “Actually Existing Neoliberalism.” Antipode 34(3): 349-379. P

Recommended Further Reading

Urban System

• Meyer, D. 1983. Emergence of the American manufacturing belt: an interpretation. Journal of Historical Geography 9:165-174. P

• Krugman, P. 1992. Geography and Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1-33 B

• Pred, A. 1966. The spatial dynamics of U.S. urban industrial growth, 1800-1914: interpretive and theoretical essays. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (pp 1-85) L

• Scott, A. 1988. Metropolis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 1-8; 44-60 (Chapters 1& 4) P

• Hoch, I. 1972. Income and City Size, Urban Studies, 9(3), 299-328

A good overview of globalization processes

• Knox, P. 1997. Globalization and urban economic change. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 551, 17-27 P

International Cities, Globalization, and Development

• Hamnett, C (1994) Social polarisation in global cities: theory and evidence, Urban Studies, 31, 401-424 P

• Nijman, J. 2000. The Paradigmatic City, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(1), 135-145 P

• Robinson, J. 2004. In the tracks of comparative urbanism: difference, urban modernity, and the primitive. Urban Geography 25(8): 709-723 P

• Mitlin, D. 2001. Civil society and urban poverty - examining complexity, Environment & Urbanization, 13(2), 151-173 P

• Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, B. 2004. Introduction. In D. Mitlin and D. Satterthwaite, eds., Empowering Squatter Citizen: Local Government, Civil Society and Urban Poverty Reduction. London and Sterling, VA: Earthscan. pp. 1-21. P

Localities/Politics of Place

• Massey, D. 1991. The political place of locality studies. Environment and Planning A 23, 267-281 P

8

• Molotch, H. 1976. The City as a Growth Machine: Toward a Political Economy of Place, The American Journal of Sociology, 82(2), 309-332. P

• Coaffee, J. and Healey, P.(2003) ‘My Voice: My Place’: Tracking Transformations in Urban Governance, Urban Studies, 40(10), 1979-1999 P

• Cox, K. and Mair, A. 1988. Locality and community in the politics of local economic development. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 78 (2): 307-325 P

• Cox, K. 2001. Territoriality, politics, and the ‘urban’. Political Geography. 20: 745-762. P

• Castells, M. 1983. The city and the grass roots: a cross-cultural theory of urban social movements, 291-336 (Ch. 28, conclusion). Berkeley: University of California Press. P

Recommended Further Reading

• Massey, D. 1979. In what sense a regional problem? Regional Studies 13:233-243 P

• Davidson, M. 2008. Displacement, Space and Dwelling: Placing Gentrification Debate, Ethics, Place and Environment, 12(2), 219-34 P

• Cox, K. and Mair, A. 1989. Levels of abstraction in locality studies. Antipode 21:121-132. P

• Cooke, P. 1989. Locality theory and the poverty of spatial variation. Antipode 21:261-273, P

• Fainstein, N. and S. Fainstein. 1985. Urban restructuring and the rise of urban social movements. Urban Affairs Quarterly 21:187-206 P

• Martin, D. and Miller, B. 2003. Space and Contentious Politics. Mobilization: An International Journal 8(2): 143-156 P

• Elden, S. 2004. Between Marx and Heidegger: Politics, Philosophy and Lefebvre’s The Production of Space, Antipode, 36(1) 86-105 P

The Nature of Cities

Von Thunen

• Beckmann, M. 1972. Von Thünen Revisited: A Neoclassical Land Use Model, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 74, 1-7 P

• Burghardt, A. 1971. A Hypothesis about Gateway Cities, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 61, 2,269-285 P

• Sinclair, R. 1967. Von Thunen and urban sprawl. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 57, 72-87 P [Replies: Peet, J.R., "The Present Pertinence of Von Thuenen Theory; Horvath, R.J., "Von Thuenen and Urban sprawl"; Sinclair, "Comment in Reply" Annals (AAG), 57(4), Dec 1967, pp. 810-5 P

Nice historical overview of land rent issues…

Vance, J. 1971. Land Assignment in the Precapitalist, Capitalist, and Postcapitalist City, Economic Geography, 47(2) 101-120 P

Harris and Ullman

9

• Harris, C. and Ullman, E. 1945. The Nature of Cities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 242, 7-17 P

• Lake, R.1997. Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman “The Nature of Cities”: A fiftieth year commemoration. Urban Geography, 18(1), 1-3 P

• Agnew, J. 1997. Commemoration and criticism: Fifty years after the publication of Harris and Ullman’s “The Nature of Cities”. Urban Geography. 18(1):4-6 P

• Lichtenberger, E. 1997. Harris and Ullman’s “The Nature of Cities”: The paper’s historical context and its impact on future research. Urban Geography. 18(1):7-14.

Social Area Analysis and Factorial Ecology

• Berry, B. and Rees, P., 1969. "The factorial ecology of Calcutta", American Journal of Sociology, 74, 447-491 P

• Hunter, A. 1972. Factorial Ecology: A Critique and Some Suggestions, Demography, 1, 9, 107-117 P

• Spielman, S. and Thill, J.P. 2008. Social area analysis, data mining, and GIS, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 32, 2, 110-122 P

• Gu, C., Wang, F. and Liu, G. 2005. The Structure of Social Space in Beijing in 1998: A Socialist City in Transition, Urban Geography, 26, 2, 167-192 P

• Johnston, R. 1971. Some Limitations of Factorial Ecologies and Social Area Analysis, Economic Geography, 43, 314-323 P

• Bell, W. 1958. The utility of the Shevky typology for the design of urban sub-area field studies. Journal of Social Psychology 47, 73-83.

• Berry, B. 1971. Introduction: the logic and limitations of comparative factorial ecology. Economic Geography 47, 207-219. P

Recent defense of factorial ecology…

• Wyly, E. 2009. Strategic Positivism, Professional Geographer, 61(3), 310-322 P

Recommended Further Reading

• Shevky, E. and Bell, W. 1955. Social area analysis: theory, illustrative applications and computational procedures. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. P

Neoclassical: Accessibility and Land Rent

• Alonso, W. 1960. A theory of the urban land market. Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association 6:149-159 P

• Muth, R.1961 The spatial structure of the housing market. Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association. 7:207-220. Reprinted in R.W. Lake, ed. 1983. Readings in Urban Analysis: Perspectives on Urban Form and Structure. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center for Urban Policy Research, pp. 11-26.

• Hanson S. and Pratt, G. 1988. Reconceptualizing the links between home and work. Economic Geography 64, 299-321, P

10

• Folbre, N. 1991. The unproductive housewife: her evolution in nineteenth century economic thought. Signs 16: 463-484 P

• England, P. 1993. The separative self: androcentric bias in neoclassical assumptions. In Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics, eds. M. A. Ferber and J. A. Nelson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press B

New accessibilities???

• Graham, S. and Marvin, S. 2001. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. Routledge, London. L

Recommended Further Reading

• Barnes, T. 1988. Rationality and relativism in economic geography: an interpretive review of the homo economicus assumption, Progress in Human Geography, 12, 4, 473-496 L

• Barnes, T and Sheppard, E. 1992. Is there a place for the rational actor? A geographic critique of the rational choice paradigm. Economic Geography 12:473-496 P

• Kloosterman, R. and Musterd, S. The Polycentric Urban Region: Towards a Research Agenda, Urban Studies, 38, 4, p.623-633 P

• Krugman, P. 1991. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, The Journal of Political Economy, 99, 3, 483-499 P

• Nelson, J. A. 1993. The study of choice or the study of provisioning? Gender and the definition of economics. In Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics, eds. M. A. Ferber and J. A. Nelson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. B

• Pratt, G. and Hanson, S. 1993. Women and work across the life course: moving beyond essentialism. In Full circles: Geographies of women over the life course, eds. C. Katz and J. Monk. New York: Routledge. B

Behavioral

• Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. MIT Press, Cambridge B

• Downs, R. 1970. The cognitive structure of an urban shopping center, Environment and Behavior, 2, 13-39

• Golledge R. 1981. Misconceptions, misinterpretations, and misrepresentations of behavioral approaches in human geography, Environment and Planning A, 13(11) 1325-1344 L

• Kitchen, R. 1994. Cognitive maps: What are they and why study them? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14, 1, 1-19 P

• Kwan, M. 1999. Gender and Individual Access to Urban Opportunities: A Study Using Space–Time Measures. Professional Geographer 51: 211-227 P

• Ley, D. 1977. Social Geography and the Taken-for-Granted World, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2(4), 498-512 P

Institutional

• Gray, F. 1975. Non-Explanation in Urban Geography. Area, 7, 228-32 P

11

• Hirsch, A. 1983. Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 1-39; 100-134; 212-275 (Chs 1, 4, 7, Epilogue) B

• Jackson, K. 1985. Crabgrass Frontier. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 190-230 (Chapter 11: Federal Subsidy and the Suburban Dream: How Washington Changed the American Housing Market) L

• Clark, W. 1986. Residential segregation in American cities: a review and interpretation. Population Research and Policy Review 5: 95-127 P

• Boddy, M. 1976. The structure of mortgage finance: building societies and the British social formation', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, N.S. I, 58-71 P

• Wyly, E. et al. 2007. Subprime Mortgage Segmentation in the American Urban System, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99(1) 3–23 P

Recommended Further Reading

Behavioural

• Cox, K. and Golledge, R. eds. 1981. Behavioral Problems in Geography Revisited. London: Methuen L

• Ley, D. 1974. The Black inner city as frontier outpost: Images and behavior of a Philadelphia neighborhood. Washington DC: Association of American Geographers. B

Institutional

• Jackson, K. 1985. Crabgrass Frontier. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 190-230 (Chapter 12: The Cost of Good Intentions: The Ghettoization of Public Housing in the United States) L

• Wilson, W. 1987. “Social change and social dislocations in the inner city,” and “The hidden agenda,” in The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 20-62, 140-164 L

• Yinger, J. 1995. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Pp. 31-61 L

Structural

• Castells, M. 1977. The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Pp. 1-72, 115-128; 234-242 B

• Pred, A. 1984. Place as Historically Contingent Process: Structuration and the Time-Geography of Becoming Places. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 74(2): 279-97 P

• Harvey, D. 1989. From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 71(1), 3-17 P

Nice collection of structural discussions…

12

• Boddy, M. 1973. Urban Political Economy: Introduction, Antipode, 5(1), 1-2 P

• Lee, R. 1973. Public Finance and Urban Economy: Some Comments on Spatial Reformism, Antipode, 5(1), 44-50 P

• Pickvance, C. 1973. Housing, Reproduction of Capital, and the Reproduction of Labour Power: Some recent French Work, Antipode, 5(1), 58-68 P

• Preteceille, E. 1973. Urban Planning: The Contradictions of Capitalist Urbanisation, Antipode, 5(1), 69-76 P

The Production of Space: Shifting Structural Perspectives

• Lefebvre, H. 1991[1974] The Production of Space. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Chapter. 1 pp. 1-67, read closely pp. 31-59 P

• Merrifield, A. 1993. Place and space: a Lefebvrian reconciliation. Transactions of the British Institute of Geography, N.S. 18: 516-531 P

• Robinson, J. 1997. The geopolitics of South African cities: States, citizens, territory, Political Geography, 16(5), 365-386 P

Recommended Further Reading

• Pred, A. 1986. Place, Practice and Structure: Social and Spatial Transformation in Southern Sweden, 1750-1850. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books. L

• Lefebvre, H. 1996.Writings on Cities. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. pp. 209-215 P

• Robinson, J. 2005. The Urban Basis of Emancipation: spatial theory and the city in South African politics. In The Emancipatory City? Paradoxes and Possibilities, ed. L. Lees. London and New Delhi: Sage Publications. B

Postmodern, Post-structural, and Cultural Studies

The Postmodern City

• Harvey, D. 1989. The condition of postmodernity: an inquiry into the origins of cultural change. New York: Blackwell. Ch 4, pp. 66-98 & Part II, pp. 119-197 B

• Harvey, D. 1990. Flexible Accumulation through Urbanization Reflections on "Post-Modernism" in the American City, Perspecta, 26, 251-272 P

• Massey, D. 1991. Flexible sexism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 9:31-57 P

• Knox, P. 1991. The restless urban landscape: economic and sociocultural change and the transformation of metropolitan Washington, D.C. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 81(2): 181-209 P

• Watson, S and Gibson, K. 1995. Postmodern spaces: Cities, politics. In Postmodern cities and spaces, eds. S. Watson and K. Gibson. New York: Blackwell. B

13

• Mabin, A. 1995. On the problems and prospects of overcoming segregation and fragmentation in southern Africa’s cities in the postmodern era. In Postmodern cities and spaces, eds. S. Watson and K. Gibson. New York: Blackwell B

Post-modern and post-structuralist perspectives: emerging cultural studies

• Dear, M. 1991. The Premature Demise of Postmodern Urbanism, Cultural Anthropology, 6(4), 538-552 P

• Gibson, K. 1998. Social polarization and the politics of difference: discourses in collision or collusion? In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford. pp. 301-316 B

• Storper, M. 2001. The Poverty of Radical Theory Today: from the false promises of Marxism to the mirage1 of the cultural turn, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(1), 155-179 P

• Massey, D. 1997. Space/power, identity/difference: tensions in the city. In A. Merrifield and E. Swyngedouw, eds., The Urbanization of Injustice. New York: New York University Press. B

• Wyly, E. 1999. Continuity and change in the restless urban landscape. Economic Geography 75:309-339. P

Recommended Further Reading

• Anderson, K. 1987. The idea of Chinatown: The power of place and institutional practice in the making of a racial category. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77(4):580-598 P

• Hoelscher, S. 2003. Making place, making race: performances of whiteness in the Jim Crow South. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93(3): 657-686 P

• Dear, M. and Flusty, S. 1998. Postmodern Urbanism, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 88, 1, 50-72 P

Cultural Studies/Difference

• Jacobs, J and Fincher, R. 1998. “Introduction.” In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford, pp. 1-25 (Chapter 1) B

• Pratt, G. 1998. “Grids of difference: place and identity formation.” In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford, pp. 26-48 (Chapter 2) B

• Pratt, G. and Hanson, S. 1994. Geography and the construction of difference. Gender, Place, and Culture 1:5-29 P

• Pratt, G. 1999. From registered nurse to registered nanny: Discursive geographies of Filipina domestic workers in Vancouver, BC. Economic Geography. 75:215-237 P

• Valentine, G. 2008. Living with difference: reflections on geographies of encounter, Progress in Human Geography, 32(3), 323-337 P

14

• Wacquant, L. 1997. Three pernicious premises in the study of the American ghetto. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 21:341-354 P

• Kobayashi, A. and Peake, L. 2000. Racism out of place: Thoughts on racism and an antiracist geography in the new millenium. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90:392-403 P

Recommended Further Reading

• Bondi, L. 1992. Gender symbols and urban landscapes. Progress in Human Geography 16:157-170 L

• Fincher, R. and Iveson, K. 2008. Planning for Diversity: Redistribution, Recognition and Encounter. Palgrave Macmillan: London. L

• Massey, D. and Denton, D. 1993. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. L

• Jackson, P. 1994. Constructions of criminality. Antipode, 26:216-235 P

• Bondi, L. and Rose, D. 2003. Constructing gender, constructing the urban: a review of Anglo-American feminist urban geography. Gender, Place, and Culture. 10:229-245 P

• Nagar, R. and Leitner, H. 1998. Contesting social relations in communal places: identity politics among Asian communities in Dar es Salaam. In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford, pp. 226-251 (ch 10) B

• Dowling, R. 1998. “Suburban stories, gendered lives: Thinking through difference.” In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford, pp. 69-88 (ch 4) B

• Knopp, L. 1998. “Sexuality and urban space: Gay male identity politics in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia.” In Fincher, R. and Jacobs, J. eds. Cities of Difference. Guilford Press: Guilford, pp. 149-176 (ch 7) B

Gentrification

• Rose, D. 1984. Rethinking gentrification: beyond the uneven development of Marxist urban theory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2:47-74 P

• Bondi, L. 1991. Gender divisions and gentrification: a critique. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16:190-198 P

• Bridge, G. 1995. The space for class? On class analysis in the study of gentrification. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20:236-247P

• Hackworth, J. and N. Smith. 2001. The changing state of gentrification. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 4:464-477 P

• Ley, D. 1986. Alternative explanations for inner-city gentrification. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 76, 521–535 P

• Smith, N. 1982. Gentrification and Uneven Development, Economic Geography, 58(2), 139-155 P

• Smith, N. 2002. New globalism, new urbanism: Gentrification as global urban strategy. Antipode 34:427-450 P

15

• Redfern, P. 1997. A new look at gentrification 1: Gentrification and domestic technologies, Environment and Planning A, 29, 1275-1296 P

• Slater, T. 2006. The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(4), 737-757 P