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Environmental Determinism nature limits or shapes society

Nature a social creation as much as it is the physical universe that includes human beings

- a reflection of society in that philosophies, belief systems, and ideologies shape

the way people think about and use nature.

Nature and society two-way

Society - the sum of the inventions, institutions, and relationships created and reproduced by human beings across particular places and times.

echnology knowledge, implements, arts, skills

echnology!. physical ob"ects or artifacts #the plow$

%. activities or processes #steelmaking$&. knowledge or know-how #biological engineering$

'anifestation and impacts of technology level of industriali(ation and per capita energyconsumption

)*+ #formula for distinguishing the sources of social impacts$) - impacts on Earth s resources+ population

affluence as measured by per capita income technology factor

echnologies affect the environment in a threefold way!. through the harvesting of resources%. through the emission of wastes in the manufacture of goods and services&. through the emission of wastes in the consumption of goods and services

races on the /hodian Shore0, 1larence 2lacken, !345 history of the idea of nature,2reeks

6udeo-1hristian perspective nature was created by 2od and is sub"ect to 2od

'an0 made in 2od s image

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Economic Development processes of change involving the nature and composition ofthe economy of a particular region, to increase the overall prosperity of a region

1hanges!. changes in the structure of the regions economy #a shift from agriculture to

manufacturing$%. changes in forms of economic organi(ation within the region #a shift fromsocialism to free-market capitalism$

&. changes in the availability and use of technology within the region

uneven most important feature, core-periphery contrasts

7D1 s less-developed countries

2D+ 2ross domestic product, estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstaffs,goods, and services, year

2N+ 2ross national product includes values of income from abroad

+++ purchasing power purity, measures how much of a common market basket0 ofgoods and services each currency can purchase locally, including goods and services thatare not traded internationally

dvantages within the world market!. 8y their ability to organi(e territorial e9pansion and control,either through

diplomacy or military strength%. 8y their ability to distort markets to the advantage of domestic producers and:or

consumers. tariffs #ta9es on imports$ and trade ;uotas

8. financial incentives1. control of currency e9change rates, domestic rates, and money supply&. 8y their ability to develop an infrastructure that helps to mobili(e national

resources