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Geodesy at the University of Zagreb
100 Anniversary of the High Technical School350 Anniversary of the University of Zagreb
Miljenko Lapaine
Geodesy (in Croatian) = Geodesy + Surveying
Geodesy (official):
Technical Sciences = Tehničke znanosti
Polje 2.04. Geodezija
Grana 2.04.01 kartografija
Grana 2.04.02 fotogrametrija i daljinska istraživanja
Grana 2.04.03 pomorska, satelitska i fizikalna geodezija
Grana 2.04.04 primijenjena geodezija
Grana 2.04.05 geomatika
What is older: geodesy or Croatia (Croats)?
4th Century BC, Starigrad, the Island of Hvar
Starigrad field, the Island of Hvar
The oldest boundary stone in Croatia
4th Century BC
Lumbarda psephisma
The oldest document on land
division in Croatia, the Island
of Korčula
4th or 3rd Century BC
What is older: geodesy or Croatia (Croats)?
Geodesy!
Herman Dalmatin (12th Century)
Frederik Grisogono (1473–1538)
Nikola Sagroević (?–1573)
Franjo Petriš (1529–1597)
Marko Antun Gospodnetić–Dominis (1560–1624)
Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
Ruđer Josip Bošković (1711-1787)
Surveyor
Cartographer
Designer of instruments
Physicist
Mathematician
Astronomer
Hydrotechnical and structural engineer
Poet
Philosopher
Diplomat
Bošković, the perfector and inventor of surveying, astronomical and optical
instruments
Boskovic and Maire trigonometric network for determining the length of a part of
the Rome-Rimini meridian
Dome de St. Pierre150 m
M. Genarro 1271 m
M. Soriano1275 m
M. Fionchi 1337 m
M. Pennino1570 m
M. Tesio870 m
M. Catria 1702 m
M. Carpegne1415 m
M. Luro 145 m
Embouchure de l' Ausa
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
HI
La
b
c
R I M
R I M I N I (6 m)
Meridijan
Meridijan
Trigonometrijske stranice
Baze trigonometrijskog lanca
LEGENDA
Bošković’s map of the Papal State
1755
1770
Bošković and the Study of Earth's Structure - Theory of Isostasy
DiskontinuitetMoho
DiskontinuitetGutenberg
DiskontinuitetLehmann
Unutarnja jezgra
Vanjska jezgra
Donji plašt
Gornji plašt
Najplići krutidio plašta
Kontinentalna kora30-65 km deblj.
Oceanska kora
5-15 km deblj.
Recentni sedimenti
Ocean
r 5500 kg/m3
»
r 11500 kg/m3
»
r 9500 kg/m3
»
r 12000 k g/m3
»
r 3300-3350 kg/m3
»
r 3000 kg/m3
»
r 2700 kg/m3
»
r» 2900-3200 kg/m3
70-150 km
700 km
2885 km
5155 km
Ozn
ače
ne
du
bin
e n
isu
u m
jerilu
As
ten
osfe
ra
Lito
sfe
raPlašt
Litosfera
Kontinentalnakora
Ocenskakora
Airyjev model izostazije(gustoća kore je svugdje jednaka,
dok debljina varira)
Prattov model izostazije(baza kore svugdje je približno jednake dubine,
gustoća varira, ali tako da je prosječno jednaka; planine su manje, a ocenska kora veće gustoće)
prom jena gustoće
po jed inici vo lumena
p romjena deb ljine
po jed in ic i vo lum ena
Litosfera
Kontinentalnakora
Ocenskakora
Boškovićeva idejaoblikovanja Zemljine kore
Širenjezagrijanogzraka širi
koru
Toplinsko širenjeunutar Zemlje
r 3300-3350 kg/m3
»
r 2900-3200 kg/m3
»
r=2700-3000 k g/m3
Zagrijana litosferaili astenosferamanje gustoće
Varijacija modela(gustoća je svugdje
podjednaka)
Litosfera
Kontinentalnakora
Ocenskakora
r 3300-3350 kg/m3
»
r 2900-3200 kg/m3
»
r=2700-3000 k g/m3
Litosfera
Kontinentalnakora
Ocenskakora
r 3300-3350 kg/m3
»
r 2900-3200 kg/m3
»
r=2700-3000 k g/m3
Bošković’s method of adjustment
Ruđer Josip Bošković
De veterum argumentis pro telluris
sphaericitate dissertatio,
MDCCXXXIX
Romae
Ruđer Josip Bošković
Discussion of ancient arguments
for Earth's sphericity,
1739
Rome
Proposition 1
Exploration of the Earth's shape from
the equilibrium of liquids
Archimedes
Ancient Greek physicist
and mathematician
Proposition 1
Exploration of the Earth's shape from
the equilibrium of liquids
Bošković’s conclusion
If the Earth were stationary and gravity was directed
toward the same center, the Earth would be a sphere.
Since the assumptions may not be true, we have not
proven that Earth is a sphere!
This is a critical thinking!
Bošković’s final conclusion after 7 propositions:
Except for the Earth's shadow on the moon ancient
authors did not have any solid foundations to prove the
Earth's sphericity.
Flat Earth Society
https://theflatearthsociety.org/home/
Exercitationes Gaeodeticae
Geodetic Exercises
2002.
The oldest textbook of geodesy in Croatian!
Matija Petar Katančić
Osijek, 1778
Pridhodna Bilixenja od Dillorednog Zemlyomirja
(Introductory Notes on Practical Surveying)
manuscript
unfinished translation of the texbook
Elementa Geometriae Practicae
Paulus Makó de Kerek-Gede
2010.
Zadar, 1811
Lyceum with university status
The first three graduates and certified surveyors!
Antun Fumis from Knin
Josip Gelpi from Šibenik
Fausto Mattei from Zadar
Križevci, 1860
Economic and Forestry College
Zagreb, 1898
Academy of Forestry
Zagreb, 1908
Geodetic Course
Course = Study
Geodetic Course at the Academy of Forestry
Royal Academy of Forestry at the Faculty of Philosophy
Fran KesterčanekOton Kučera Vincenc Vinko Hlavnika
▪ 1775 – Academia Zagrabiensi
▪ 1898 – Royal Academy of Forestry at the Faculty of Philosophy
▪ 1908 – Geodetic Course at the Academy of Forestry
▪ 1919 – High Technical School
▪ 1920 – Faculty of Technical Studies
▪ 1956 – Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy
▪ 1962 – Faculty of Geodesy
Geodesy was taught in Zagreb:
Proceedings on the occasion
of the 50th Anniversary
of the Faculty of Geodesy
Vladimir Filkuka
Professor at the Royal Academy of Forestry
At the Geodetic Course
At the High Technical School
Dean of the High Technical School 1920–21
Editor of Glasilo geometara 1919–22
Thank you for your attention