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Budsaba UamkasemGeo-Informatics Specialist
Geo – Informatic Applications and Service OfficeGeo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization): GISTDA
GEO-INFORMATICS FOR
ECONOMIC CROPS MONITORING IN THAILAND
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMATIC MONITORING
CropWatch - Crop Area Estimation
FUTURE RESEARCH
CropBarn - Crop Yield Prediction (under development)
CropHealth - Crop Stress
CropMet - Weather and Climate
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTIONGeography: Thailand is situated in the central of the Southeast Asian mainland.Topography: divided into 6 regions, 77 provinces Capital: BangkokPopulation: 69 millionArea: 513,115 sq. km (198,115 sq. miles)Major language: ThaiMajor religion: BuddhismClimate: tropic and monsoon
Summer: March - MayRainy: June - OctoberWinter: November - February
95% of labor force is employed in agriculture and the most important crop is rice.Source: wikipedia.org
GISTDA ORGANIZATION CHART
Board of Directors
Executive Directors
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation
Internal Audit Office
Assistant Executive Director
THEOS 2 Office
Legal and Contract Division
Executive Board Secretary Division
National Spatial Data Infrastructure Division
Business and Alliance
Development Office
Geo –Informatic Product Office
Geo – Informatic Applications and Service Office
Deputy Executive DirectorDeputy Executive Director Deputy Executive Director Deputy Executive Director
Administrative Office
Corporate Strategy Office
Academic Section
Knowledge Development and Outreach
Office
Satellite Operation
Office
Space Krenovation
Park
CropWatch CropHealth CropMetCropBarn
GISTDA has been applying the geo-informatics and space technology for crop monitoring and yield estimation to support the government and local agricultural organizations.
The Agricultural Systematic Monitoring
Cooperated with different departments of Ministry of Agriculture and cooperatives such as:
Rice Department of Thailand (RD)
Royal Irrigation Department (RID)
Department of Agricultural Extension (DOAE)
Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)
The Agricultural Systematic Monitoring
Crop Monitoring
Crop Type Identification & Mapping
Crop Condition Assessment
Damage Assessment
phenologystage type
crop rotationfarm activity
moist-deficiency
insectsfungal/weed
Crop Growth Monitoring
Crop Area Estimation
Crop Yield Prediction
agri-climate Crop growth
remote sensing
feather extraction…
Field Monitoring Networks
Crop Disaster Monitoring..
CropHealth
CropWatch
CropMet
CropBarn
4 main crops:
• Rice
• Corn
• Cassava
• Sugarcane
Op
tica
l Im
age
SAR
Imag
e
MODIS
LANDSAT 7,8
SENTINEL-2
THEOS
RADARSAT-2
SENTINEL-1
Yield estimation was obtained base on estimated area from satellite data and the average yield per area provided by Office of Agricultural Economics
Several passive and active sensors onboard different satellites were used to monitor the crop areas over Thailand every two week. (every week for rice)
Economic crops area map
CropWatch
Field work and Data Validation
Tillering Heading
CropWatch
Rice Monitoring at Country Level
CropWatch
Monitoring 4 main crops: rice / corn / cassava / sugarcane
CropWatch
ecoplant.gistda.or.th
CropWatch
SUGARCANE6.6 million rai
RICE52.7 million rai
CORN5.5 million rai
CASSAVA8.2 million rai
Report of crops area
Major Crops situation in Thailand (as of 20 September 2019)
Oil Palm and Rubber Tree Monitoring at country level Oil Palm Rubber Tree
CropWatch
• 6 million rai of oil palm• 28.3 million rai of rubber• Yearly update• Crop age classification
using multi – temporal satellite data
CropWatch
Oil palm age classification for production estimate
spectroradiometer
3-D sonic anemometer
krypton hygrometer
thermal infrared radiometer net radiometer
solar radiation
humidity & air temperature
digital camera
rain gage
digital camera
wind speed and direction
water content profile probe
Ground Station : in-situ measurement
“The important thing in using satellite data in crop
monitoring is to make sure our end-users trust
our data and solution”
Seedling Tillering Heading Harvesting
Developing the Phenology of Crop Field
Time-series images
Phenological profile
23 Stations
Ground Station : in-situ measurement
22 Stations
EO provide a supplement to in-situ measurements by offering observations that are regularly, temporally, and spatially reliable
Satellite-derived data is validated based on in-situ data
Red edgeVisible
Near-InfraredMid-Infrared
Thermal-Infrared
Monitoring stresses in plants : from in situ measurement and space technology
EvapotranspirationHealthy
Response
Stressed Response
Policy, Decision Making
Farmer
Stresses in plants can be• heat stress• water stress• cold stress
Stresses in plants
Spatial analysis
CropHealth
24/07/2016 – 30/07/2016 07/08/2016 – 13/08/2016
EvapotranspirationCropHealth
24/07/2016 – 30/07/2016 07/08/2016 – 13/08/2016
Crop Water StressCropHealth
CropHealth
Near real time automatic
FUTURE RESEARCH
spectroradiometer
3-D sonic anemometer
krypton hygrometer
thermal infrared radiometer
net radiometer
solar radiation
air temperature
relative humidity
water content profile probe
rain gage
wind speed and direction
digital camera (2)
The agreement between satellite data and in-situ data was good enough to suggest that the parameters estimated from satellite sources are reliable.
Comparison of MODIS-derived atmospheric parameters to in-situ point observations
CropMet
CropMet cmet.gistda.or.th
• Crop types• Crop age• Vegetation
indices• Biophysical
indices• Environmental
parameter• Duration/time
Early warning in crop diseases and insect using geo-informatics technology
CH4 Analyzer
Sonic anemometerCO2/H2O Analyzer
Net radiometer
Pyranometer
-50
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CO2 flux [µmol s-1m-2]
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H2O flux [µmol s-1m-2]
-0.50
0.51
1.5
0:00
5:00
10:0
015
:00
20:0
01:
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:00
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22:0
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Evapotranspiration [mm]
Satellite Observations and Flux Measurements Both remote sensing satellite observations and flux tower measurements offer information about the Earth's carbon, water and energy cycles
GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite)
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3)
ECOsystem SpaceborneThermal Radiometer Experiment on International Space Station (ECOSTRESS)
Uncertainty associated with co-location of satellite and ground measurements
FUTURE RESEARCH
Floo
d
Droug
ht
CropCalendar
The crop cultivation in Thailand is probably damaged by disaster.
Thailand Crop Calendar