GEO 106 Geographic Tools

8/3/2019 GEO 106 Geographic Tools

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Chapter 1 7th ed (8th edition)

pp. 8-9 (6-7) scientific method,

pp. 16-25 (15- 23) geographic grid, (skip map

projections and time zones),

pp. 29-35 (27-32) remote sensing and GIS


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Four GEOSYSTEMS -- Lithosphere


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Four GEOSYSTEMS -- Atmospshere


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Four Geosystems -- Hydrosphere


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Four GEOSYSTEMS -- Biosphere


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Scientific Method

Fig. 1.1.1

Issac Newton


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Tools for Scientific Observationy Microscope = cellular basis for life, biology, medicine,

nuclear physics, nanotechnology.

y Telescope = Earths place in the universe, physics and

astronomy, planetary geology

yMacroscope (de Rosnay 1975) = global

perspective of Earth processes. Remote

Sensing, Geographic Information Systems


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Location and Direction

Government GPS utility 24 satellitesCivilian navigation systems


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Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

based on a Geographic Grid


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Latitude = arc of angles between lines

parallel to the equatorial plane


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L

atitudinal Zones/Regions


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Longitude = Arc of Angle between meridians east or

west of the Prime Meridian

1 hour = 15o


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Cape Hatteras

Lighthouse


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Lighthouse moved 1999


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Volcanic Monitoring with GPS

(adds elevation)


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Topographic Maps/Contour lines (Appendix A)

Birds eye profile

Map view using

contour lines


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Rules of contour mapsy Contour lines drawn at regular intervals

y Close spacing = steep slope

yWide spacing = gentle slope

y Contours lines never cross or intersect

y Peaks and summits are shown by point symbols with

elevations indicated

y Local relief is the difference between highest and lowestpoints on the map.


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Topographic Profile


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Remote Sensing


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Two methods of sensing a volcanic eruption


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Thermal Image Mt St. Helens dome


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Ice shelf break away August 2005

*


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Weather forecasting with RS


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Geographic Information Systems

GIS

Thematic

Spatial

Data


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Graham 106


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1. Physical geography is a science that studies:

y A. Lists of state capitals.

yB. Spatial patterns and natural processes affecting

Earths air, water, and land.

y C. The cellular basis of life.

y D. The relationship between matter and energy.


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2. Which of the following is a job title of a person who

majored in geography?

y A. Land use planner

y B. Environmental consultant

y C. Cartographery D. Emergency response team leader

y E. All of the above


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3. Which of the following coordinates is

incorrect?

y A. 40, 15N, 120 45W

y B. 132, 90S, 60, 95N

y C. 630 15N, 169, 45, 50Ey D. 89.5S, 15.25E


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4. Which of the following is a line symbolused on maps to depict elevation?

y A. Bathymetric line

y B. Isotherms

y C. Contour

y D. Isobar

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GEO 106 Geographic Tools