AMINOGLYCOSIDES.:Aminoglycosides that are derived from bacteria
of the Streptomyces genus are named with the sufx mycin, whereas
those that are derived from Micromonospora are named with the sufx
micin. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE:The aminoglycosides consist of two or
more amino sugars joined in glycosidic linkage to an hexose
nucleus. Diferent aminoglycosides are distinguished by the amino
sugars attached to the aminocyclitol. tre!tomycin difers from the
other aminoglycoside antibiotics in that it contains stre!tidine
rather than "#deoxystre!tamine, and the aminocyclitol is not in a
central !osition.MECHANISM OF ACTION:Aminoglycosides action include
a large variety of antibiotic mechanisms, some as !rotein synthesis
inhibitors.they $nterfere with the !roofreading !rocess, in turn,
increasing the rate of error in !remature termination
synthesis.SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY:These antibiotics are most often
used to treat infections involving aerobic, gram#negative bacteria,
such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter. $n some
cases, certain microbacteria, like the bacteria res!onsible for
causing tuberculosis, are vulnerable to this ty!e of antibiotic.
Aminoglycosides are most often used as em!iric thera!y for serious
infections, including com!licated intra#abdominal infections,
nosocomial res!iratory tract infections, se!ticemia, and
com!licated urinary tract infections. This ty!e of antibiotic is
mostly unable to treat fungi, anaerobic bacteria, and
viruses.%&'TA()*$' A A' A'T$+$,-$.(.COMMONLY USED BRAND
NAME(S): /01Alcomicin(2) Garamycin(3)Genoptic Liquiflm(4) Genoptic
S!P(") Gentacidin(#)Genta$air(%) Genta&(') !cu(Mycin())
Spectro(GentaSTRUCTUREOF GENTAMYCIN : CHEMICAL GROUPaminoglycosides
CHITOSAN WITH GENTAMICIN AGAINST LISTERIA SPECIES2014:
http://www.nc!.n"#.n!h.$%&/p#c/'(t!c")*/PMC42+4,0+/INTRODUCTION:Chitosan
is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant
mucopolysaccharide consisting of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-co-d-glucose.
chitosan exhibits anti-biofilm activities and the ability of
chitosan to damagebiofilms formed by microbes has been documented.
Previously, we have reported a synergistic effect
betweenstreptomycin and chitosan on the disruption of Listeria
monocytogenes biofilmsWe found that chitosan couldimprove
anti-biofilm efficacy of gentamicin belonging to the aminoglycoside
family against Listeria biofilmsDISPERSIN-. GENTAMYCIN COM.INATION
AGAINST
MRSP2014:http://www.nc!.n"#.n!h.$%&/p/#)0/2441101,INTRODUCTION:Our
study assesses the applicability of a new microfluidic model by
testing the activity of ispersin! againstbiofilms of
methicillin-resistant "taphylococcus pseudintermedius #$%"P&'
ispersin! has been shown toprevent biofilm growth of "taphylococcus
epidermidis, another prominent wound coloni(er.METHOD: )n the
microtitre plate assay, ispersin! inhibited biofilm growth after a
2* hour period' there wasan inverse relationship between the
concentration of ispersin!-+entamycin and the amount of
biofilmremaining following treatment. Collagen-coated microtitre
plates showed a similar result, but this did notcorrelate as well'
collagen, the most abundant protein in the body may help to retain
the biomass of treatedbiofilms.GENTAMYCIN AGAINST 1PC-PROD2CING
1.PNE2MONIAE2014:
http://www.nc!.n"#.n!h.$%&/p/#)0/2440+3++,+2&*T$3&4,PC-producing
,lebsiella pneumoniae #,PC-,pn& is a worldwide challenging
pathogen, yet its biofilm-formingpotential is not defined. We
characteri(ed biofilm formation of this pathogen and determined
biofilm susceptibilityto gentamicin and
colistin.(&T5,D4-orty-six ,PC-,pn clinical isolates were
studied .se/uence type #"0& 212, n 3 22' and other "0s, n 3
425. !iofilmbiomass was determined using the standard assay
measured by O167 #where O stands for optical density&
andvisuali(ed using confocal microscopy. 8ntibiotic effect on
biofilm formation was evaluated and susceptibility withinbiofilm
was determined by the minimal biofilm elimination concentration
#$!9C& method.GENTAMYCIN WITH L-ARGININE:20144
htt!466www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov6!ubmed6"789:7;"BACKGROUND::imitations
in treatment of biofilm-associated bacterial infections are often
due to subpopulation of persistentbacteria #persisters&
tolerant to high concentrations of antibiotics. !ased on the
increased aminoglycoside efficiencyunder al;aline conditions, we
studied the combination of gentamicin and the clinically compatible
basic amino acid:-arginine against plan;tonic and biofilm bacteria
both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:
